Patent Application
20190165228
The subject matter herein relates generally to light emitting devices, components and methods. More particularly, the subject matter herein relates to light emitting devices, components and methods with improved resistance to chemicals and/or chemical vapors or gases that can adversely affect the brightness and reliability of such devices.
Light emitting diodes (LEDs), can be utilized in light emitting devices or packages for providing white light (e.g., perceived as being white or near-white), and are developing as replacements for incandescent, fluorescent, and metal halide high-intensity discharge (HID) light products. Conventional LED devices or packages can incorporate components such as metallic traces or mounting surfaces which can become tarnished, corroded, or otherwise degraded when exposed to various undesirable chemicals and/or chemical vapors. Such chemicals and/or chemical vapors can enter conventional LED devices, for example, by permeating an encapsulant filling material disposed over such components. In one aspect, undesirable chemicals and/or chemical vapors can contain sulfur, sulfur-containing compounds (e.g., sulfides, sulfites, sulfates, SOX), chlorine and bromine containing complexes, nitric oxide or nitrogen dioxides (e.g., NOx), and oxidizing organic vapor compounds which can permeate the encapsulant and physically degrade various components within the LED device via corroding, oxidizing, darkening, and/or tarnishing such components. Such degradation can adversely affect brightness, reliability, and/or thermal properties of conventional LED devices over time, and can further adversely affect the performance of the devices during operation.
Despite the availability of various light emitting devices in the marketplace, a need remains for devices and components having improved chemical resistance and related methods for preventing undesirable chemicals and/or chemical vapors from reaching and subsequently degrading components within the devices. Devices, components, and methods described herein can advantageously improve chemical resistance to undesirable chemicals and/or chemical vapors within encapsulated LED devices, while promoting ease of manufacture and increasing device reliability and performance in high power and/or high brightness applications. Described methods can be used and applied to create chemically resistant surface mount device (SMD) type of LED devices of any size, thickness, and/or dimension. Devices, components, and methods described herein can advantageously be used and adapted within any style of LED device, for example, devices including a single LED chip, multiple chips, and/or multi-arrays of LEDs and/or devices incorporating different materials for the body or submount such as plastic, ceramic, glass, aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), printed circuit board (PCB), metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB), and aluminum panel based devices. Notably, devices, components, and methods herein can prevent degradation of optical and/or thermal properties of devices or packages incorporating silver (Ag) or Ag plated components by preventing tarnishing of the Ag or Ag-plated components.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present subject matter including the best mode thereof to one of ordinary skill in the art is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to possible aspects or embodiments of the subject matter herein, one or more examples of which are shown in the figures. Each example is provided to explain the subject matter and not as a limitation. In fact, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. It is intended that the subject matter disclosed and envisioned herein covers such modifications and variations.
As illustrated in the various figures, some sizes of structures or portions are exaggerated relative to other structures or portions for illustrative purposes and, thus, are provided to illustrate the general structures of the present subject matter. Furthermore, various aspects of the present subject matter are described with reference to a structure or a portion being formed on other structures, portions, or both. As will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, references to a structure being formed “on” or “above” another structure or portion contemplates that additional structure, portion, or both may intervene. References to a structure or a portion being formed “on” another structure or portion without an intervening structure or portion are described herein as being formed “directly on” the structure or portion. Similarly, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected”, “attached”, or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected, attached, or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected”, “directly attached”, or “directly coupled” to another element, no intervening elements are present.
Furthermore, relative terms such as “on”, “above”, “upper”, “top”, “lower”, or “bottom” are used herein to describe one structure's or portion's relationship to another structure or portion as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that relative terms such as “on”, “above”, “upper”, “top”, “lower” or “bottom” are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, structure or portion described as “above” other structures or portions would now be oriented “below” the other structures or portions. Likewise, if devices in the figures are rotated along an axis, structure or portion described as “above”, other structures or portions would now be oriented “next to” or “left of” the other structures or portions. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Unless the absence of one or more elements is specifically recited, the terms “comprising,” including,” and “having” as used herein should be interpreted as open-ended terms that do not preclude the presence of one or more elements.
Light emitting devices according to embodiments described herein can comprise group III-V nitride (e.g., gallium nitride (GaN)) based light emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers that can be fabricated on a growth substrate, for example, a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate, such as those devices manufactured and sold by Cree, Inc. of Durham, N.C. Other growth substrates are also contemplated herein, for example and not limited to sapphire, silicon (Si) and GaN. In one aspect, SiC substrates/layers can be 4H polytype silicon carbide substrates/layers. Other Sic candidate polytypes, such as 3C, 6H, and 15R polytypes, however, can be used. Appropriate SiC substrates are available from Cree, Inc., of Durham, N.C., the assignee of the present subject matter, and the methods for producing such substrates are set forth in the scientific literature as well as in a number of commonly assigned U.S. patents, including but not limited to U.S. Pat. No. Re. 34,861; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,946,547; and 5,200,022, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. Any other suitable growth substrates are contemplated herein.
As used herein, the term “Group III nitride” refers to those semiconducting compounds formed between nitrogen and one or more elements in Group III of the periodic table, usually aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and indium (In). The term also refers to binary, ternary, and quaternary compounds such as GaN, AlGaN and AlInGaN. The Group III elements can combine with nitrogen to form binary (e.g., GaN), ternary (e.g., AlGaN), and quaternary (e.g., AlInGaN) compounds. These compounds may have empirical formulas in which one mole of nitrogen is combined with a total of one mole of the Group III elements. Accordingly, formulas such as AlxGa1-xN where 1>x>0 are often used to describe these compounds. Techniques for epitaxial growth of Group III nitrides have become reasonably well developed and reported in the appropriate scientific literature.
Although various embodiments of LEDs disclosed herein comprise a growth substrate, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the crystalline epitaxial growth substrate on which the epitaxial layers comprising an LED are grown can be removed, and the freestanding epitaxial layers can be mounted on a substitute carrier substrate or substrate which can have different thermal, electrical, structural and/or optical characteristics than the original substrate. The subject matter described herein is not limited to structures having crystalline epitaxial growth substrates and can be used in connection with structures in which the epitaxial layers have been removed from their original growth substrates and bonded to substitute carrier substrates.
Group III nitride based LEDs according to some embodiments of the present subject matter, for example, can be fabricated on growth substrates (e.g., Si, SiC, or sapphire substrates) to provide horizontal devices (with at least two electrical contacts on a same side of the LED) or vertical devices (with electrical contacts on opposing sides of the LED). Moreover, the growth substrate can be maintained on the LED after fabrication or removed (e.g., by etching, grinding, polishing, etc.). The growth substrate can be removed, for example, to reduce a thickness of the resulting LED and/or to reduce a forward voltage through a vertical LED. A horizontal device (with or without the growth substrate), for example, can be flip chip bonded (e.g., using solder) to a carrier substrate or printed circuit board (PCB), or wire bonded. A vertical device (with or without the growth substrate) can have a first terminal solder bonded to a carrier substrate, mounting pad, or PCB and a second terminal wire bonded to the carrier substrate, electrical element, or PCB. Examples of vertical and horizontal LED chip structures are discussed by way of example in U.S. Publication No. 2008/0258130 to Bergmann et al. and in U.S. Publication No. 2006/0186418 to Edmond et al., the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
As described further, one or more LEDS can be at least partially coated with one or more phosphors. The phosphors can absorb a portion of the LED light and emit a different wavelength of light such that the LED device or package emits a combination of light from each of the LED and the phosphor. In one embodiment, the LED device or package emits what is perceived as white light resulting from a combination of light emission from the LED chip and the phosphor. One or more LEDs can be coated and fabricated using many different methods, with one suitable method being described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/656,759 and 11/899,790, both entitled “Wafer Level Phosphor Coating Method and Devices Fabricated Utilizing Method”, and both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Other suitable methods for coating one or more LEDs are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/014,404 entitled “Phosphor Coating Systems and Methods for Light Emitting Structures and Packaged Light Emitting Diodes Including Phosphor Coating” and the continuation-in-part application U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/717,048 entitled “Systems and Methods for Application of Optical Materials to Optical Elements”, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. LEDs can also be coated using other methods such electrophoretic deposition (EPD), with a suitable EPD method described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/473,089 entitled “Close Loop Electrophoretic Deposition of Semiconductor Devices”, which is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. It is understood that LED devices, systems, and methods according to the present subject matter can also have multiple LEDs of different colors, one or more of which can be white emitting.
Referring now to
LEDs 22 can electrically communicate with one and/or both first and second electrical elements 16 and 18 via one or more electrical connectors such as electrically conductive wire bonds 24. For illustration purposes, LEDs 22 with two electrical contacts on the same side (e.g., upper surface) are shown as electrically connected to two electrical elements (e.g., 16 and 18) via wire bonds 24. However, LEDs 22 having one electrical contact on the upper surface that is electrically connected with a single electrical element is also contemplated. Any type or style of LED 22 can be used in device 10, for example, LED 22 can comprise a horizontally structured chip (e.g., having at least two electrical contacts on a same side of the LED) or a vertically structured chip (e.g., with electrical contacts on opposing sides of the LED) with or without a growth substrate. LED 22 can comprise one or more substantially straight cut and/or beveled (i.e., angled) cut sides or surfaces. LED 22 can comprise a direct attach build (e.g., bonded to a carrier substrate) or a build incorporating a grown substrate such as sapphire, SiC, or GaN. LEDs 22 having any build, structure, type, style, shape, and/or dimension are contemplated herein. Wire bonds 24 or other electrical attachment connectors and related methods can be adapted to communicate, transmit, or convey an electrical current or signal from electrical elements 16 and 18 to one or more LEDs 22 thereby causing illumination of the one or more LEDs 22. Thermal element 14 and/or first and second electrical elements 16 and 18, respectively, can be coated, plated, deposited, or otherwise layered with a reflective material (
Body 12 can comprise any suitable material molded or otherwise disposed about thermal element 14 and/or first and second elements 16 and 18, respectively. In one aspect, body 12 can comprise a ceramic material such as a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material, a high temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) material, alumina, aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), glass, and/or an Al panel material. In other aspects, body 12 can comprise a molded plastic material such as polyamide (PA), polyphthalamide (PPA), liquid crystal polymer (LCP) or silicone. At least one electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device 25 can be disposed within device 10 and can be electrically connected to electrical elements 16 and 18 reverse biased with respect to LEDs 22. ESD device 25 can protect against damage from ESD within device 10. In one aspect, different elements can be used as ESD protection devices 25 such as various vertical silicon (Si) Zener diodes, different LEDs arranged reverse biased to LEDs 22, surface mount varistors and lateral Si diodes. As illustrated, ESD device 25 can comprise a vertically structured device having one electrical contact on the bottom and another electrical contact on the top; however, horizontally structured devices are also contemplated.
Still referring to
In one aspect, outer portion 32 can comprise a highly reflective Ag substrate, substrate containing Ag, or layer of material such as Ag for maximizing light output from device 10 and for assisting in heat dissipation by conducting heat away from the one or more LEDs 22. Outer portion 32 can also comprise a substrate of Ag-containing alloy instead of pure Ag, and such alloy can contain other metals such as titanium (Ti) or nickel (Ni). Inner portion 30 can comprise a metal or metal alloy such as copper (Cu) substrate or Cu-alloy substrate. In one aspect, an optional layer of material (not shown) can be disposed between inner portion 30 and outer portion 32, such as a layer of Ni for providing a barrier between the Ag and Cu, thereby preventing defects caused by migratory Cu atoms, such as a defect commonly known as “red plague”. In other aspects, outer portion 32 can be directly attached to and/or directly coat inner portion 30. Outer portion 32 can advantageously reflect light emitted from the one or more LEDs 22 thereby improving optical performance of device 10. Upper surfaces of thermal element 14 and electrical elements 16 and 18 can be disposed along a floor 34 of cavity 26 such that respective upper surfaces of thermal and electrical elements are disposed along the same plane and/or different planes. First and second electrical elements 16 and 18 can extend from one or more lateral sides of body 12 and form one or more external tab portions, generally designated 36 and 38. Tab portions 36 and 38 can bend to form one or more lower mounting surfaces such that device 10 can be mounted to an underlying substrate. Tab portions 36 and 38 can outwardly bend away from each other or inwardly bend towards each other thereby adapting either a J-bend or gull-wing orientation as known in the art. However, any configuration of external tabs 36 and 38 is contemplated.
Referring to
Typically, SMD type devices, such as device 10, do not have secondary optics (e.g., a secondary lens) for preventing harmful chemicals or complexes from permeating the device and thereby degrading Ag or Ag-alloyed outer portions 32 of thermal and/or electrical elements. In some aspects, encapsulant 28 can provide physical protection against foreign solids and liquids, but may not provide adequate protection against gaseous chemicals or airborne elements such as sulfur, oxygen, or moisture which can tarnish or otherwise degrade outer portion 32 where outer portion comprises Ag (e.g., pure Ag, Ag-alloys or Ag plating). In some aspects, Ag-containing components such as outer portion 32 of thermal and electrical elements 14, 16, and 18 can over time become tarnished, corroded, or otherwise degraded where the device 10 has poor chemical resistance. This can decrease the brightness of device 10. In one aspect, undesirable chemicals, vapors, or complexes C can permeate encapsulant 28 and potentially interact with outer portion 32 of elements, for example, by tarnishing such elements thereby resulting in degradation to optical, physical, electrical, and/or thermal properties such as a loss in brightness output and the noticeable darkening of surfaces along cavity floor 34. In this embodiment, undesirable chemical vapors or complexes C can permeate the encapsulant 28 as indicated by the dotted trajectory lines shown in
As
Protective layer P can be directly and/or indirectly disposed over vulnerable components within devices described herein, such as located directly or indirectly over Ag or Ag-alloy containing components. Protective layer P can be adapted for application to a variety of surfaces of components within LED devices which is advantageous. In one aspect, protective layer P can be directly applied to portions of surfaces of Ag or Ag-alloy containing components (e.g., outer portions 32 of thermal element 14 and electrical elements 16, 18) alone and/or layer P can be applied to portions of surfaces of LED chips 22 including underfills, on or over wires, wire bonds 24, wire bond balls (e.g., ball formed where wire 24 attaches to LED chip 22), and on surfaces of the LED housing or body all of which, when comprising a portion or layer of Ag over the surface, can comprise Ag-containing components. Protective layer P can be applied over portions of a ceramic or plastic body of LED device, for example, isolating portions 20 of body 12 (
Various devices, for example, SMD type devices shown and described herein can comprise a protective barrier or protective layer P. Protective layer P is not limited in application or use, and can be used in devices comprising ceramic, plastic, PCB, MCPCB, or laminate substrates or submounts and can advantageously be applied over multiple surfaces, including LEDs 22 disposed within the SMDs. Protective layer P can at least partially comprise an inorganic material for increasing chemical resistance of the substrate. The inorganic material can comprise an inorganic coating, an inorganic film with an organic or silicone matrix material, and/or an inorganic oxide coating having a thickness ranging from approximately 1 nm to 100 μm. As used herein “inorganic coating(s)”, “inorganic layer(s)”, “inorganic film(s)” and/or “inorganic oxide coating(s)” can include some organic material or component in the mixture in addition to the inorganic material or component. Such coating(s), layer(s), and/or film(s) as used herein can be mostly inorganic, primarily SiOx in nature, however, there may generally be some organic component remaining. Any sub-range of protective layer P thickness between approximately 1 nm and 100 μm is also contemplated herein, for example, thicknesses ranging between approximately 1 and 10 nm; 10 nm and 50 nm; 50 nm and 200 nm; 200 nm and 400 nm; 400 and 600 nm; 600 and 800 nm; 800 nm and 1 μm; 1 μm and 5 μm; 5 μm and 10 μm; 10 μm and 50 μm; and 50 μm and 100 μm are contemplated. Protective layer P can also comprise a thickness ranging from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm, 100 nm to 500 nm, and 0.5 μm to 20 μm are also contemplated herein. In one aspect, a thicker protective layer P can provide superior barrier protection of Ag components against harmful chemical complexes C, thereby improving the brightness retention of LED device 10. Protective layer P can be applied via any suitable technique, such as, for example and without limitation, spinning on, dispensing, brushing, painting, dipping, plating, spraying, screen-printing and/or chemical or physical vapor deposition (CVD or PVD) techniques. Of note, however, spinning on, brushing, painting, spraying, etc. may be advantageous, as such techniques can be easier to apply than CVD or PVD processing (e.g., as such techniques do not require a vacuum, require less equipment, and reduce the cost).
In one aspect, protective layer P can comprise a Si-containing inorganic oxide coating. For example, protective layer P can comprise an inorganic oxide coating selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, organosilicate glass, organosilicate solution, organosilicate dispersion, organosilicate sol-gel, Si-containing spin-on glass (SOG) materials, spin-on polymer materials, and/or spin-on dielectric materials. As noted earlier, and as used herein “inorganic oxide coating(s)” are mostly inorganic, primarily SiOx in nature, however, there may generally be some organic component remaining hence the “organosilicate” terminology. Precursors of inorganic or inorganic oxide in solution, dispersion, sol-gel, or liquid form can be used to form protective layer P. SOG materials can comprise glasses selected from various product or glass families, such as the silicate family, phosphosilicate family, siloxane family, methylsiloxane family, silsesquioxane family, and dopant-containing variations of these families. Spin-on dielectric materials are mostly delivered in solution form known as flowable oxides. Spin-on materials can be supplied, for example, by suppliers such as Filmtronics, Inc., headquartered in Butler, Pa., Desert Silicon, LLC headquartered in Glendale, Ariz., or Honeywell Electronic Materials having sales offices in North America, Asia, and Europe.
Dopant-containing SOG or spin-on dielectric materials in various delivery forms can also be used to form protective layer P. Notably, the application of SOG materials to components within LED devices can be optimized in terms of adopting novel application methods, curing schedules, and/or curing temperatures. In one aspect, SOG materials can be, but are not limited to application via spin-on techniques. For example, novel methods of applying SOG materials can include dispensing, dipping, painting, screen printing, brushing, and spraying such materials such that they achieve the unexpected result of protecting LED components from undesirable chemical components which can permeate LED devices. Notably, protective layer P can, but does not have to have a uniform thickness. Also of note, SOG materials typically need to be cured at temperatures of greater than approximately 300° C. In some aspects, SOG materials require curing at temperatures greater than approximately 425° C. As LED devices can comprise bodies (e.g., body 12) that are formed from molded plastic which can melt at approximately 300° C. or less, SOG materials can be cured via novel curing schedules including curing at temperatures that are less than approximately 300° C. such that the plastic body is not susceptible to softening and/or melting. In some aspects, protective layer P can comprise SOG materials cured at temperatures of approximately 300° C. or less such as approximately 250° C. or less, approximately 200° C. or less, approximately 150° C. or less, or approximately 100° C. or less.
Such novel curing schedules and temperatures can unexpectedly produce films which do not crack or shrink and which can be useful for protecting the LED device and/or components within the LED device against undesirable chemical components that can permeate the encapsulant of LED devices. The SOG materials described herein can be chosen for use depending on the type of package body or device used (e.g., ceramic based body, molded plastic body, etc.) and optimized cure schedules/temperatures and/or application method can be considered before adopting a given material for protective layer P. Conventional wisdom regarding the manufacture of LED packages or devices conflicts with using SOG materials within and/or over surfaces of such devices, as SOG materials can be difficult to apply, susceptible to cracking and/or shrinking, and can require high curing temperatures. Notably, devices and components herein can unexpectedly incorporate SOG materials which are optimized with respect to application and/or curing techniques and adapted for use in LED devices described herein to provide excellent chemical resistance against undesired chemicals, chemical vapors, or chemical complexes which can tarnish, corrode, or adversely affect components and brightness of LED devices.
Submount 52 can comprise any suitable mounting substrate, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB), a metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB), an external circuit, a dielectric laminate panel, a ceramic panel, an Al panel, AlN, Al2O3, or any other suitable substrate over which lighting devices such as LEDs may mount and/or attach. LEDs 22 disposed in emission area 54 can electrically and/or thermally communicate with electrical elements disposed with submount 52, for example, conductive traces (
Referring to
One or more external electrically conductive wires (not shown) can be physically and electrically attached to attachment surfaces 62 via welding, soldering, clamping, crimpling, inserting, or using any other suitable gas-tight solder free attachment method known in the art. That is, in some aspects, attachment surfaces 62 can comprise devices configured to clamp, crimp, or otherwise attached to external wires (not shown). Electrical current or signal can pass into LED device 50 from the external wires electrically connected to device 10 at the attachment surfaces 62. Electrical current can flow into the emission area 54 to facilitate light output from the LED chips disposed therein. Attachment surfaces 62 can electrically communicate with LEDs 22 of emission area 54 via conductive traces 64 and 66 (
As shown in
LEDs 22 can be arranged, disposed, or mounted over an electrically and/or thermally conductive pad 70. Conductive pad 70 can be electrically and/or thermally conductive and can comprise any suitable electrically and/or thermally conducting material. In one aspect, conductive pad 70 comprises a layer of Cu or a Cu substrate. LEDs 22 can be electrically connected to first and second conductive traces 64 and 66. One of first and second conductive traces 64 and 66 can comprise an anode and the other a cathode. Conductive traces 64 and 66 can also comprise a layer of electrically conductive Cu or Cu substrate. In one aspect, conductive pad 70 and traces 64 and 66 can comprise the same Cu substrate from which traces 64 and 66 have been singulated or separated from pad 70 via etching or other removal method. After etching, an electrically insulating solder mask 72 can be applied such that it is at least partially disposed between conductive pad 70 and respective conductive traces 64 and 66. Solder mask 72 can comprise a white material for reflecting light from LED device 50. One or more layers of material can be disposed between LEDs 22 and conductive pad 70. Similarly, one or more layers of material can be disposed over conductive traces 64 and 66. For example and in one aspect, a first intervening layer or substrate of material 68 can be disposed between LEDs 22 and conductive pad 70 and disposed over traces 64 and 66. First layer of material 68 can comprise a layer of reflective Ag or Ag-alloy material for maximizing brightness of light emitted from LED device 50. That is, first layer of material 68 can comprise a Ag or Ag-containing substrate adapted to increase brightness of device 50. One or more additional layers of material (not shown) can be disposed between first layer 68 and conductive pad 70 and/or first layer 68 and traces 64 and 66, for example, a layer of Ni can be disposed therebetween for providing a barrier between the Cu of pad and traces 70, 64, and 66 and the Ag of layer 68.
Notably, a protective layer P can be at least partially disposed over and/or adjacent to Ag components within device 50, for example, over first layer 68 of material which can coat conductive pad 70 and traces 64 and 68. Protective layer P can provide a barrier over the Ag coated components thereby preventing such components from being physically or electrically degraded via tarnishing, oxidizing, corroding, or other degrading phenomenon caused when harmful chemical, vaporous, or atmospheric complexes C permeate filling material 58. As described earlier, complexes C such as sulfur, sulfides, sulfates, chlorine complexes, bromine complexes, NON, oxygen, and/or moisture can damage Ag coatings or Ag coated components, such as layer 68 which can coat Cu components including pad 70 and/or traces 64 and 66. As described earlier, protective layer P can comprise an inorganic coating or inorganic oxide coating such as a Si-containing inorganic oxide layer which can repel or prevent complexes C from reaching vulnerable components within LED device 50 as shown by the broken lines and arrows. As previously described, protective layer P can comprise an inorganic coating or inorganic oxide coating selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, organosilicate glass, organosilicate solution, organosilicate dispersion, organosilicate sol-gel, Si-containing spin-on glass (SOG) materials, spin-on polymer materials, and/or spin-on dielectric materials. Protective layer P can comprise SOG materials optimized by implementing novel application and/or curing techniques. That is, SOG materials can be, but do not have to be applied by spin-on techniques. SOG materials can also be applied via novel application methods such as dispensing, dipping, painting, screen printing, brushing, and spraying such materials which achieve the unexpected result of protecting LED components within device 50 from undesirable chemical components or complexes C capable of permeating LED device 50 without cracking and/or shrinking, and while maintaining good adhesion within device 50. Also of note, SOG materials can be cured via novel curing schedules including curing at temperatures that are less than approximately 300° C. such that LED device 50 and/or components within LED device 50 (e.g., retention material 56 or encapsulant) are not damaged by the curing temperature.
As noted earlier, device 50 can comprise a package which does not require or use any secondary optics to keep harmful elements from degrading conductive pad 70. Notably, devices, components and methods disclosed herein provide for improved or optimized chemical resistance and improved chemical properties where zero or minimum loss of brightness occurs, even in the presence of harmful chemicals and can be applicable to any SMD type device or multi-array device disclosed herein. Such improvements can prevent Ag coated components from tarnishing, darkening, corroding, or otherwise degrading.
As described earlier, protective layer P can least partially comprise an inorganic material for increasing chemical resistance of the substrate. Such inorganic material of protective layer P can comprise an inorganic coating, an inorganic film with an organic matrix material, and/or an inorganic oxide coating having a thickness ranging from approximately 1 nm to 100 μm. Any sub-range of protective layer P thickness between approximately 1 nm and 100 μm is also contemplated herein, for example, thicknesses ranging between approximately 10 nm and 50 nm; 50 nm and 200 nm; 200 nm and 400 nm; 400 and 600 nm; 600 and 800 nm; 800 nm and 1 μm; 1 μm and 5 μm; 5 μm and 10 μm; 10 μm and 50 μm; and 50 μm and 100 μm are contemplated. Protective layer P can also comprise a thickness ranging from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm, 100 nm to 500 nm, and 0.5 μm to 20 μm are also contemplated herein.
Of note, one or more additional processing techniques or steps can optionally be performed during manufacture of devices described herein for improving adhesion between one or more layers within the devices. Such optionally processing steps can be used and applied to devices previously shown and described, as well as those in
Two or more protective layers, for example, a first and a second protective layer, P1 and P2, respectively, can be used within device 10 for protecting against harmful chemical complexes which may permeate device 10 and degrade components of device 10 (See
As
Embodiments of the present disclosure shown in the drawings and described above are exemplary of numerous embodiments that can be made within the scope of the appended claims. It is contemplated that the configurations of LED devices optimized for chemical resistance and methods of making the same can comprise numerous configurations other than those specifically disclosed, including combinations of those specifically disclosed.
This application is a divisional of and claims priority to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/309,177, filed Dec. 1, 2011 which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/510,310, filed Jul. 21, 2011, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61510310 | Jul 2011 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13309177 | Dec 2011 | US |
| Child | 16263191 | US |
