Patent Application
20090052943
This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC 119 of Japanese application no. 2007-213530, filed on Aug. 20, 2007, and Japanese application no. 2008-130590, filed on May 19, 2008, which applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a line head and an image forming apparatus using the same and, in particular, to a line head that forms an imaging spot row by projecting a light-emitting element row onto an irradiated surface using a microlens array, and an image forming apparatus using the same.
2. Related Art
JP-A-2-4546 proposes an optical writing line head, in which a plurality of LED array chips are disposed in the LED array direction and the LED array of each LED array chip is projected onto a photoconductor in an enlarged manner by a positive lens disposed corresponding thereto such that images of light-emitting dots at the ends of the LED array chips adjacent on the photoconductor are formed adjacent to each other with the same pitch as a pitch between images of light-emitting dots of the same LED array chips, and an optical reading line head in which the optical path is oppositely set.
Furthermore, JP-A-6-344596 proposes making the focal depth large by configuring a positive lens with two lenses in the same arrangement as disclosed in JP-A-2-4546 and making projected beams approximately parallel beams.
Furthermore, JP-A-6-278314 proposes an optical writing line head in which LED array chips are disposed in two rows at distances therebetween, the repeat phase is shifted by a half period, and positive lens arrays are disposed in two rows in a condition where each positive lens corresponds to each LED array chip such that images of the light-emitting dot array on a photoconductor are aligned.
In the above known techniques, even if images of the light-emitting dot array are aligned on an ideal image surface at equal pitches, positional deviation of light-emitting dots on the photoconductor occurs when the image surface moves forward or backward in the optical axis direction due to vibration of the photoconductor, for example. As a result, unevenness in the pitch between scanning lines drawn by relative movement of the light-emitting dot array in the sub-scanning direction occurs (pitch unevenness in the main scanning direction).
In addition, if an angle of view of each positive lens increases, a decrease in the peripheral light amount becomes large according to a fourth power of cosine rule (shading). In order to prevent concentration unevenness of a printing image caused by the shading, the light amount of each pixel (light-emitting dot image) on the image surface must be made constant. In order to do so, however, the shading should be corrected by changing the light amount of the light source (light-emitting dot) for every light-emitting dot. However, the emission intensity of a light source pixel (light-emitting dot) affects a life characteristic. Accordingly, if the shading of an optical system becomes large, light amount unevenness of the light-emitting dot pitch occurs temporally even if the uniform image surface light amount is obtained in an early stage by adjusting the light amount for every light-emitting dot. This causes image concentration unevenness.
An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to make sure that unevenness caused by positional deviation of light-emitting dot images does not occur in an optical writing line head, in which a plurality of light-emitting elements are arrayed in rows corresponding to each lens of a plurality of positive lens arrayed in a line shape, even if a writing surface moves in the optical axis direction. Another advantage of some aspects of the invention is to prevent concentration unevenness, which is caused by shading, between imaging spots formed by each lens.
Still another advantage of some aspects of the invention is that it provides an image forming apparatus using such an optical writing line head and an optical reading line head in which the optical path is oppositely set.
According to an aspect of the invention, a line head includes: a positive lens system having two lenses with positive refractive power; a lens array in which a plurality of the positive lens systems are arrayed in a first direction; a light emitter array in which a plurality of light-emitting elements are arrayed on an object side of the lens array so as to correspond to the one positive lens system; and an aperture plate that forms an aperture diaphragm at the position of an object-side focal point of the positive lens system. An object-side surface of an object-side lens of the positive lens system is positioned close to the object-side focal point.
By adopting such a configuration, unevenness caused by positional deviation of light-emitting dot images does not occur even if a writing surface moves in the optical axis direction, and an effect of shading can be reduced by making small an angle of view of light incident on the positive lens system from the plurality of light-emitting elements. As a result, deterioration of an image formed can be prevented.
Furthermore, the object-side surface of the object-side lens of the positive lens system is preferably positioned within a range of ±10% of a total focal length of the positive lens system from the object-side focal point.
By adopting such a configuration, unevenness caused by positional deviation of light-emitting dot images does not substantially occur even if the writing surface moves in the optical axis direction, and the effect of shading can be reduced by making small the angle of view of light incident on the positive lens system from the plurality of light-emitting elements. As a result, deterioration of an image formed can be prevented.
Furthermore, the lenses may be configured to include a lens group.
By adopting such a configuration, it becomes easy not only to manufacture each lens array but also to perform aberration correction.
Furthermore, an image-side surface of the object-side lens of the two lenses may be a flat surface.
By adopting such a configuration, a distance from a front side principal plane of the image-side lens to a rear side principal plane of the object-side lens can be further increased. As a result, since the angle of view can be made smaller, the effect of shading can be further reduced. In addition, as compared with a lens both surfaces of which have curvatures, the above lens is advantageous in that manufacturing becomes easy since only one surface of the object-side lens is formed as a curved surface.
Furthermore, preferably, at least the object-side surface of the object-side lens of the positive lens system is a convex surface, and a portion including a surface apex of the convex surface is disposed to be hidden in an opening of the aperture plate.
By adopting such a configuration, a distance from a front side principal plane of the image-side lens to a rear side principal plane of the object-side lens can be further increased. As a result, since the angle of view can be made smaller, the effect of shading can be further reduced.
In this case, the aperture plate may be configured by integrally forming a light shielding member on an object-side surface of the lens array.
In such a configuration, positioning and assembly of the aperture plate become easy by integrally forming the aperture plate on the lens surface. In addition, deviation of the center of a diaphragm and an optical axis of a lens caused by thermal expansion and the like can be suppressed.
Furthermore, it is preferable that at least an image-side surface of an image-side lens of the positive lens system be a flat surface.
By adopting such a configuration, it becomes possible to make an emission surface of a lens, which is closest to the image surface, a flat surface. As a result, foreign matter, such as dust or toner, adhering onto the emission surface can be easily cleaned, which improves the cleaning efficiency.
Furthermore, the aperture diaphragm preferably has a shape of restricting at least the aperture diameter in the first direction.
By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to meet at least the main scanning direction in which positional deviation of an off-axis imaging spot is a problem.
Furthermore, the plurality of light-emitting elements preferably form a plurality of light-emitting element rows arrayed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to meet image formation with the high density of imaging spots.
Furthermore, the plurality of light-emitting elements are preferably arrayed to form light emitter groups at distances therebetween in the first direction.
By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to meet image formation with the high density of imaging spots. In addition, it can be avoided that an image of an end light-emitting dot within each of the plurality of light-emitting elements causes a decrease in the light amount due to an effect of eclipse.
Furthermore, the light-emitting elements are preferably organic EL elements.
By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to meet in-plane uniform image formation.
Furthermore, the light-emitting elements are preferably LEDs.
By adopting such a configuration, it is also possible to meet a line head using an LED array.
In addition, according to another aspect of the invention, an image forming apparatus includes: at least two image forming stations each of which has a charging unit, the line head described above, a developing unit, and a transfer unit disposed around an image carrier. Tandem-type image formation is performed by causing a transfer medium to pass through each station.
By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to form the image forming apparatus, such as a printer, which is small, has high resolution, and has little deterioration of an image.
In addition, according to still another aspect of the invention, a line head includes: a positive lens system having two lenses with positive refractive power; a lens array in which a plurality of the positive lens systems are arrayed in a first direction; a light receiver array in which a plurality of light-receiving elements are arrayed on an image side of the lens array so as to correspond to the one positive lens system; and an aperture plate that forms an aperture diaphragm at the position of an image-side focal point of the positive lens system. An image-side surface of an image-side lens of the positive lens system is positioned close to the image-side focal point.
By adopting such a configuration, also in an optical reading line head, the positional deviation of read spots does not occur even if the position of a read surface shifts in the optical axis direction, and the effect of shading can be reduced by making small an angle of view of light incident on the positive lens system from the plurality of light-emitting elements. As a result, deterioration of a read image can be prevented.
In addition, each positive lens system included in a lens array may be configured to include two lens groups with positive refractive power and may also be a composite lens system including the two lens groups (each of the lenses is configured to include a lens group with positive refractive power).
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements.
Before explaining an optical system of a line head according to an embodiment of the invention in detail, the arrangement and light emission timing of light-emitting elements of the line head will be briefly described.
The plurality of microlenses 5 are provided in the main scanning direction and sub-scanning direction of the light emitter array 1 to thereby form a microlens array (MLA) 6. The MLAs 6 are arrayed in a state where the head positions thereof in the main scanning direction are shifted from each other in the sub-scanning direction. Such arrangement of the MLA 6 corresponds to a case in which the light-emitting elements are provided in the light emitter array 1 in a zigzag manner. In the example shown in
As described above, in the case where the plurality of light-emitting elements 2 are disposed in the microlens 5 having minus optical magnification and the plurality of rows of lenses are arrayed in the sub-scanning direction, it is necessary to perform the following image data control in order to form imaging spots arrayed in a row in the main scanning direction of the image carrier 41: (1) inversion in the sub-scanning direction, (2) inversion in the main scanning direction, (3) adjustment of light emission timing of a plurality of rows of light-emitting elements in a lens, and (4) adjustment of light emission timing of light-emitting elements between groups are needed.
In the case of the group A, imaging spots are formed at the positions of the image carrier 41 inverted in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction by operating each light-emitting element 2 as already described with reference to
T1 is calculated as follows. T2 and T3 are calculated similarly by replacing d1 with d2 and d3.
T1=|(d1×β)/S|
Here, each parameter is as follows.
d1: distance between light-emitting elements in the sub-scanning direction
S: movement speed of an imaging surface (image carrier)
β: magnification of a lens
In
An image forming apparatus can be formed by using the above-described line head. In one embodiment, the above-described line head can be used for a tandem-type color printer (image forming apparatus) that exposes four photoconductors to light with four line heads, forms images corresponding to four color at the same time, and transfers the images onto one intermediate transfer belt (intermediate transfer medium) having an endless shape.
As shown in
The letters K, C, M, and Y appended to the ends of the reference numerals stand for black, cyan, magenta, and yellow, respectively, which indicate photoconductor drums for black, cyan, magenta, and yellow. The same is true for other members. The photoconductor drums 41K, 41C, 41M, and 41Y are driven to rotate in the direction (clockwise rotation) indicated by the arrow shown in the drawing in synchronization with the driving of the intermediate transfer belt 50. A charging unit (corona charger) 42 (K, C, M, Y) for uniformly charging the outer peripheral surface of each photoconductor drum 41 (K, C, M, Y) and the above-described line head 101 (K, C, M, Y) according to the embodiment of the invention for sequentially scanning the outer peripheral surface, which is charged uniformly by the charging unit 42 (K, C, M, Y), in synchronization with rotation of the photoconductor drum 41 (K, C, M, Y) are provided on the periphery of each photoconductor drum 41 (K, C, M, Y).
In addition, there is further provided a developing unit 44 (K, C, M, Y) for applying toner, serving as a developing agent, onto an electrostatic latent image formed by the line head 101 (K, C, M, Y) in order to convert the image into a visible image (toner image), a primary transfer roller 45 (K, C, M, Y) serving as a transfer unit that sequentially transfers the toner image developed by the developer 44 (K, C, M, Y) onto the intermediate transfer belt 50 which is an object to be primarily transferred, and a cleaner 46 (K, C, M, Y) serving as a cleaning unit that removes toner remaining on the surface of the photoconductor drum 41 (K, C, M, Y).
Here, each line head 101 (K, C, M, Y) is provided such that the arrayed direction of the line head 101 (K, C, M, Y) is aligned with a generating line of each photoconductor drum 41 (K, C, M, Y). In addition, the peak wavelength of light emission energy of each line head 101 (K, C, M, Y) and the peak wavelength of sensitivity of each photoconductor drum 41 (K, C, M, Y) are set to be approximately equal to each other.
The developing unit 44 (K, C, M, Y) uses single-nonmagnetic-component toner as the developing agent, for example. The single-component developing agent is transported to a developing roller by a feeding roller, for example, the film thickness of the developing agent attached to the surface of the developing roller is regulated by a regulating blade, and the developing roller is brought into contact with or pressed against the photoconductor drum 41 (K, C, M, Y) to cause the developing agent to be adhered thereto depending on the electrical potential level of the photoconductor drum 41 (K, C, M, Y). A toner image is thus developed.
The four toner images of black, cyan, magenta, and yellow generated by the four single-color toner image forming stations are primary-transferred sequentially onto the intermediate transfer belt 50 by a primary transfer bias applied to each of the primary transfer rollers 45 (K, C, M, Y). Then, a full-color toner image generated by sequentially superimposing these single-color toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 50 is secondary-transferred onto a recording medium P, such as paper, by a secondary transfer roller 66. The secondary-transferred image is then fixed on the recording medium P after passing through a fixing roller pair 61 that is a fixing unit, and the recording medium P is ejected onto a paper discharging tray 68 provided at the top of the apparatus by a paper discharging roller pair 62.
Moreover, in
The invention relates to an optical system of the above-described line head (optical writing line head). First, the principle will be described.
For this reason, in an embodiment of the invention, an aperture diaphragm 11 is disposed at the position of a front side focal point F of the microlens 5 so as to be positioned on the same axis as the optical axis O-O′, as shown in
That is, in an embodiment of the invention, in the line head where a plurality of light-emitting elements are arrayed in rows in the main scanning direction, one positive lens system is disposed corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements, and an image is formed by projecting images (array of imaging spots) on rows of light-emitting elements onto a projected surface (photoconductor), the projection optical system is made to have a so-called telecentric configuration on an image side. As a result, positional deviation of imaging spots does not occur even if the position of the projected surface (photoconductor) shifts in the optical axis direction, and it is possible to prevent deterioration of an image formed.
In addition, the aperture diaphragm 11 preferably has a shape of restricting at least the aperture diameter in a direction (main scanning direction) in which the positional deviation of an off-axis imaging spot is a problem. In the case of disposing an array corresponding to one row of light-emitting elements with respect to one positive lens system like the known example (JP-A-2-4546 and JP-A-6-278314), it is enough that the aperture diaphragm 11 has a shape of restricting the aperture diameter in the main scanning direction. In addition, even in the case where two rows of arrays are disposed so as to be very close to each other in the sub-scanning direction like the above-described embodiment of the invention (
In the explanation made with reference to
Assuming that the two positive lenses that form the microlens 5 are thin lenses in the case described above, an angle of view of a light beam emitted from the end light-emitting element 2x of a lens system that is telecentric on the image side will be considered.
First, reference numerals of parameters are defined as shown in
Since the lens system (microlens) 5 configured to include a first positive lens L1 and a second positive lens L2 is telecentric on the image side, the diaphragm 11 is disposed such that an entrance pupil is located at a front side focal position of the lens system 5. Accordingly, assuming that a total focal length of the lens system is ftotal, a position of a light source (light emitter array 1) with respect to an object-side principal plane of the lens system is So, and a light-emitting element group width (total width) between the end light-emitting elements 2x in the light emitter block 4 is Wo, an angle of view o of the end light-emitting elements 2x is expressed by the following expression (1) referring to
ω=(Wo/2)/(−So−ftotal) (1)
Here, assuming that an imaging spot group width (total width) between the imaging spots 8x which are images of the end light-emitting elements 2x on the surface (image surface) of the photoconductor 41 is Wi, a lateral magnification is β, and a position of an image surface with respect to an object-side principal plane of the lens system is Si, Wo, and So are expressed by the following expression (2).
W
o
=−W
i
/β=−W
i
·S
o
/S
i (2)
From the paraxial imaging expression, the following expression (3) is obtained.
1/Si=1/So+1/ftotal (3)
Then, the following expression (4) is obtained by solving the expression (3) for So.
S
o
=S
i
·f
total/(ftotal−Si) (4)
By substituting the expressions (2) and (4) into the expression (1) for rearrangement, the following expression (5) is obtained.
ω=Wi/(2ftotal) (5)
Here, assuming that a focal length of the first positive lens L1 is f1, a focal length of the second positive lens L2 is f2, and a distance between the first positive lens L1 and the second positive lens L2 is d1, the total focal length ftotal is expressed by the following expression (6)
f
total
=f
1
·f
2/(f1+f2−d1) (6)
The following expression (7) is obtained by substituting the expression (6) into the expression (5).
ω=Wi(f1+f2−d1)/(2f1·f2) (7)
Noting d1 of the expression (7), ω is decreased as d1 is increased in a condition of (f1+f2)≦d1. In the case where the arrangement of the diaphragm 11 is limited to the object side rather than the first positive lens L1 due to structural restriction, for example, the lens distance d1 is limited as expressed by the following expression (8) in order to make an image side telecentric.
0≦d1≦f2 (8)
In the range of the expression (8), setting d1 as large as possible in order to make the angle of view ω, which is expressed in the expression (7), as small as possible leads to setting d1 to a value as close as possible to f2. At this time, a distance between the diaphragm 11 and the first positive lens L1 approaches zero. When d1=f2 is substituted into the expression (6) for rearrangement, ftotal=f2 (
As described above, in examination as a thin lens of the two-sheet positive lens optical system 5 in which the diaphragm 11 is disposed on the side of the light emitter array 1 from the first positive lens L1, in order to make an object side telecentric and to reduce a shading phenomenon as much as possible in which a decrease in the peripheral light amount becomes large according to a fourth power of cosine rule, the diaphragm 11 is preferably disposed on a front side focal plane of the lens system 5 configured to include two positive lenses L1 and L2 and the first positive lens L1 be disposed close to the diaphragm 11 so as to make the angle of view of the optical system small. At this time, the diaphragm 11 and the first positive lens L1 become close to a front side focal plane of the second positive lens L2, as shown in
Having described about examination as the thin lens, a thick lens system that actually configures it will now be described.
In the lens system 5 in which the diaphragm 11 is disposed at a front side (object side) from the first positive lens L1, even if thick lenses are used as the two positive lenses L1 and L2, the diaphragm 11 is preferably disposed at the front side focal position of the composite optical system configured to include the two positive lenses L1 and L2 in order to make the lens system 5 telecentric on the image side. Furthermore, from a result of the examination as the thin lens, it is possible to reduce the angle of view by disposing the first positive lens L1 and the diaphragm 11 so as to be close to each other. This can reduce an effect of shading. In a first example of specific number to be described later, a distance between a surface of the diaphragm 11 and an object-side surface of the first positive lens L1 is zero.
Furthermore, in the thick lens, a principal plane position changes with power distribution of an incidence surface (object-side surface) and an emission surface (image-surface-side surface). However, since a rear side principal plane of the first positive lens L1 is positioned to be close to the incidence surface side, compared with a biconvex positive lens, by making the first positive lens L1 a plano-convex lens which is convex on the incidence surface, a distance between the rear side principal plane of the first positive lens L1 and the front side principal plane of the second positive lens L2 can be further increased. Moreover, in this case, a lens formed surface (curved surface) of the first positive lens L1 is one, which is also advantageous in that manufacturing becomes easy. In a second example of specific number to be described later, as compared with the first example, the first positive lens L1 is made as a plano-convex positive lens while maintaining the focal length thereof. Accordingly, a maximum angle of view is smaller than that in the first example.
Moreover, in the case where the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1 is a convex surface, the distance between the rear side principal plane of the first positive lens L1 and the front side principal plane of the second positive lens L2 can be further increased by disposing the first positive lens L1 such that the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1 is hidden in the opening of the diaphragm 11, that is, by disposing the first positive lens L1 such that the apex of the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1 is closer to an object side than the surface of the diaphragm 11 (third example). In addition, in this case, the arrangement position of the diaphragm 11 is a front side focal position of the composite optical system configured to include the positive lenses L1 and L2, but the front side focal point is included in the first positive lens L1. Accordingly, in the case where parallel beams are incident from the image side, the beams are condensed into the first positive lens L1 and then become diverging beams that diverge from the condensing point. As a result, an angle of divergence is reduced on the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1 and the beams move toward the object side. Although an image seen from the object side of the condensing point (diverging light) is a virtual image, a surface on which the virtual image exists is a front side focal plane of the entire lens system. Thus, a configuration which is telecentric on the image side is obtained by disposing the diaphragm 11 on the front side focal plane.
In addition, even if the diaphragm 11 is disposed very close to the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1 without the diaphragm 11 disposed at the incidence surface position of the first positive lens L1 and disposed such that the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1 is hidden in the opening of the diaphragm 11, the angle of view of the optical system can be made small as long as the diaphragm 11 is disposed on the front side focal plane of the lens system 5 configured to include the two positive lenses L1 and L2. As a result, the shading phenomenon based on the fourth power of cosine rule can be reduced (fourth example).
As described above, a configuration that is telecentric on the image side is realized by configuring a lens system with positive refractive power in which two positive lenses are disposed as the microlenses 5 on the same axis, positioning the front side focal point of the composite optical system near the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1, and disposing the aperture diaphragm 11 at the front side focal position. Accordingly, even if the position of the projected surface (photoconductor) 41 shifts in the optical axis direction, positional deviation of an imaging spot does not occur and the shading phenomenon in which a decrease in the peripheral light amount becomes large according to the fourth power of cosine rule. As a result, concentration unevenness of the imaging spots 8 on the light-emitting element row disposed in the line shape in the light emitter array 1 does not easily occur.
Accordingly, by using the optical system of the line head according to the embodiment of the invention for the optical writing line head, pitch unevenness of the imaging spots 8 in the main scanning direction in the related art does not occur and unevenness in the pitch between scanning lines drawn by movement of the imaging spots 8 in the sub-scanning direction does not occur.
In addition, concentration unevenness between the imaging spots 8 caused by the shading of the microlens 5 in the related art does not easily occur, and concentration unevenness between scanning lines drawn by the movement of the imaging spots 8 in the sub-scanning direction does not easily occur.
Furthermore, in the above description, the front side focal position of the composite optical system configured to include the positive lenses L1 and L2 is positioned close to the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1. In the embodiment of the invention, however, a case where the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1 is positioned within ±10% of the total focal length ftotal of the composite optical system assumes that the front side focal position of the composite optical system is positioned close to the incidence surface or in the neighborhood of the incidence surface.
However, in the case of a configuration where only a row of microlenses 5 that are telecentric on the image side as described above are arrayed in the main scanning direction in an optical system of a line head, the light amount of the imaging spot 8x that is an image of the end light-emitting element 2x is necessarily reduced due to an effect of eclipse compared with the light amount of other imaging spots on the imaging spot row, in order to make a distance between the imaging spot 8x, which is an image of the end light-emitting element 2x on the light-emitting element row disposed in the line shape by the specific microlens 5, and the adjacent imaging spot 8x imaged by the adjacent microlens 5 equal to the pitch of imaging spot rows imaged by one microlens 5. In order to avoid the above situation, a problem that the light amount of the imaging spot 8x which is an image of the end light-emitting element 2x is reduced can be solved by disposing the light emitter blocks 4 in the main scanning direction with a gap therebetween, disposing the light emitter blocks 4 in the sub-scanning direction, and disposing the microlens arrays 6 in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction in a two-dimensional manner, in which the microlenses 5 are arrayed, corresponding to the array of the light emitter blocks 4 as shown in
As described above, in the embodiment of the invention, in the line head where a plurality of light-emitting elements are arrayed in rows in the main scanning direction, one positive lens system is disposed corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting elements, and an image is formed by projecting images (array of imaging spots) on rows of light-emitting elements onto a projected surface (photoconductor), the projection optical system is configured to include two positive lens and is made to be telecentric on the image side and the incident surface of an object-side positive lens is disposed as close as possible to the aperture diaphragm. As a result, positional deviation of imaging spots does not occur even if the position of the projected surface (photoconductor) shifts in the optical axis direction, and deterioration of the formed image is prevented by reducing the concentration unevenness of imaging spots.
In addition, the aperture diaphragm 11 preferably has a shape of restricting at least the aperture diameter in a direction (main scanning direction) in which the positional deviation of an off-axis imaging spot is a problem. In the case of disposing an array corresponding to one row of light-emitting elements with respect to one positive lens system like the known example (JP-A-2-4546 and JP-A-6-278314), it is enough that the aperture diaphragm 11 has a shape of restricting the aperture diameter in the main scanning direction. In addition, even in the case where two rows of arrays are disposed so as to be very close to each other in the sub-scanning direction like the above-described embodiment of the invention (
In addition, in the explanation made with reference to
Furthermore, in the above explanation, the microlens 5 is an axially-symmetric lens system in which focal lengths and focal positions in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction are equal to each other. However, a lens system that forms the microlens 5 may be an anamorphic lens system in which focal lengths and magnifications in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction are different. In this case, preferably, the aperture diaphragm 11 is disposed to be telecentric on the image side in the main scanning direction (on a cross section in the main scanning direction) and a surface of the composite optical system closest to the object side is positioned close to the position (front side focal position of the composite optical system in the main scanning direction) of the aperture diaphragm 11.
Until now, the optical system of the optical writing line head has been described. However, also in the case of an optical reading line head where in a condition that an optical path is oppositely set, a plurality of light-receiving elements are arrayed in rows in the main scanning direction, one positive lens system is disposed corresponding to the plurality of light-receiving elements, and an image is read by back projecting images (array of read spots) on rows of light-receiving elements onto a read surface, the projection optical system is configured to include two positive lens and is made to be telecentric on the object side and the incident surface of an image-side positive lens is disposed as close as possible to the aperture diaphragm. As a result, positional deviation of read spots does not occur even if the position of the read surface shifts in the optical axis direction, and deterioration of the read image is prevented by reducing concentration unevenness in reading. In this case, reference numeral 41 indicates a read surface and reference numeral 2x indicates an end light-receiving element in
Next, the optical writing line head in a first example to which the principle of the invention is applied will be described.
In this example, similar to the case shown in
The glass substrate 20 is inserted into a socket 22 provided in a long case 21 and is fixed by a fixing bracket 24 after a back lid 23 is put on the glass substrate 20. Positioning pins 25 provided at both ends of the long case 21 are inserted into opposite positioning holes of a main body of an image forming apparatus and are fixed by screwing fixing screws to screw holes of the main body of the image forming apparatus through screw insertion holes 26 provided at both ends of the long case 21, such that an optical writing line head 101 is fixed at the predetermined position.
In addition, on a surface side of the glass substrate 20 of the case 21, an aperture plate 30 in which openings 31 (
Thus, a lens array of the microlens 5 which projects a light-emitting element row of each light emitter block 4 is formed by combination of the first microlens array 61 and the second microlens array 62.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the aperture plate 30 is disposed so as to match the object-side (front side) focal position of the composite lens system configured to include the positive lens L1, which forms the first microlens array 61, and the positive lens L2, which forms the second microlens array 62, and the thicknesses of the first spacer 71, second spacer 72, and third spacer 73 are set such that the object-side focal point of the microlens 5 (positive lens L1+positive lens L2) matches or is close to an object-side surface of the positive lens L1. Details of the aperture plate 30 are shown in
In the above example, the optical writing line head 101 that uses as the light-emitting elements 2 organic EL elements provided on the rear surface of the glass substrate 20 and uses light emitted toward the surface side of the glass substrate 20, that is, the optical writing line head 101 having a bottom emission arrangement, has been described. However, an EL device or an LED in which the light-emitting elements 2 are disposed on the surface of the substrate may also be used.
In the above explanation, as shown in
Furthermore, in the above explanation, in the case where all light-emitting elements 2 and 2′ of all light emitter blocks 4 are turned on by adjustment of timing in order to draw one straight line extending in the main scanning direction, the imaging spots 8 arrayed in a line on the image carrier 41 are arrayed between the light emitter blocks 4 so as to be sufficiently adjacent to each other. However, the number and positions of the light-emitting elements 2 and 2′ that form the light emitter block 4 may be set to have redundancy so that the imaging spots 8 overlap on the image carrier 41 between the light-emitting elements 2 and 2′ that form the light emitter block 4. In this way, for example, even if concentration unevenness occurs in the imaging spots 8 which are images of the light-emitting elements 2 and 2′ near the end of the light emitter block 4, the concentration unevenness can be corrected by making the imaging spots 8 overlap each other.
A known microlens array with any kind of configuration may be used as the microlens arrays 61 and 62 used for the optical writing line head 101 according to the embodiment of the invention.
Next, examples of specific numbers of an optical system used in the above examples are shown as first to fourth examples.
Numeric data of this example is shown below. In the order from a side of the light emitter block 4 to a side of the photoconductor (image surface) 41, r1, r2, . . . are radii of curvature (mm) of optical surfaces, d1, d2, . . . are distances between optical surfaces (mm), nd1, nd2, . . . are refractive indexes of d lines of transparent media, and νd1, νd2, . . . are Abbe numbers of transparent media. In addition, r1, r2, . . . also indicate optical surfaces. The optical surface r1 is the light emitter block (object surface) 4, the optical surface r2 is the opening 31 of the aperture plate 30, the optical surfaces r3 and r4 are object-side surface and image-side surface of the biconvex positive lens L1, the optical surfaces r5 and r6 are object-side surface and image-side surface of the biconvex positive lens L2, and the optical surface r7 is the photoconductor (image surface) 41. In addition, the object-side surface of the biconvex positive lens L1 is an aspheric surface. Assuming that a distance from an optical axis is r, the aspheric shape is expressed by cr2/[1+√{1−(1+K)c2r2}]+Ar4. Here, c is a curvature (1/r) on the optical axis, K is a conic coefficient, and A is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient. In the following numeric data, K3 and A3 are conic coefficient and fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the object-side surface of the biconvex positive lens L1, respectively.
In this example, as compared with the first example, the first positive lens L1 is made as a plano-convex positive lens while maintaining the focal length thereof. Accordingly, a maximum angle of view is smaller than that in the first example. In addition, a distance from the light emitter block 4 to the aperture plate 30 is adjusted so that an image formation state of an image surface is satisfied.
Thus, by making the first positive lens L1 a plano-convex lens, the lens formation surface formed as the first microlens array 61 is formed as a single surface, which is advantageous in that manufacturing becomes easy.
Numeric data of this example is shown below. In the order from a side of the light emitter block 4 to a side of the photoconductor (image surface) 41, r1, r2, . . . are radii of curvature (mm) of optical surfaces, d1, d2, . . . are distances between optical surfaces (mm), nd1, nd2, . . . are refractive indexes of d lines of transparent media, and νd1, νd2, . . . are Abbe numbers of transparent media. In addition, r1, r2, . . . also indicate optical surfaces. The optical surface r1 is the light emitter block (object surface) 4, the optical surface r2 is the opening 31 of the aperture plate 30, the optical surfaces r3 and r4 are object-side surface and image-side surface of the plano-convex lens L1, the optical surfaces r5 and r6 are object-side surface and image-side surface of the biconvex positive lens L2, and the optical surface r7 is the photoconductor (image surface) 41. In addition, the object-side surface of the plano-convex lens L1 is an aspheric surface. Assuming that a distance from an optical axis is r, the aspheric shape is expressed by cr2/[1+√{1−(1+K)c2r2}]+Ar4. Here, c is a curvature (1/r) on the optical axis, K is a conic coefficient, and A is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient. In the following numeric data, K3 and A3 are conic coefficient and fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the object-side surface of the plano-convex lens L1, respectively.
That is, the distance between a rear side principal plane of the plano-convex lens L1 and a front side principal plane of the biconvex positive lens L2 can be further increased by disposing the plano-convex lens L1 such that an incidence surface (convex surface) of the plano-convex lens L1 is closer to the object side than the surface of the aperture plate 30. In addition, in this case, the arrangement position of the aperture plate 30 is a front side focal position of the composite optical system configured to include the plano-convex lens L1 and the biconvex positive lens L2, but the front side focal point is included in the plano-convex lens L1. Accordingly, in the case where parallel beams are incident from the image side, the beams are condensed into the plano-convex lens L1 and then become diverging beams that diverge from the condensing point. As a result, an angle of divergence is reduced on the incidence surface (convex surface) of the plano-convex lens L1 and the beams move toward the object side. Although an image seen from the object side of the condensing point (diverging light) is a virtual image, a surface on which the virtual image exists is a front side focal plane of the entire lens system. Thus, a configuration which is telecentric on the image side is obtained by disposing the aperture plate 30 on the front side focal plane.
Numeric data of this example is shown below. In the order from a side of the light emitter block 4 to a side of the photoconductor (image surface) 41, r1, r2, . . . are radii of curvature (mm) of optical surfaces, d1, d2, . . . are distances between optical surfaces (mm), nd1, nd2, . . . are refractive indexes of d lines of transparent media, and νd1, νd2, . . . are Abbe numbers of transparent media. In addition, r1, r2, . . . also indicate optical surfaces. The optical surface r1 is the light emitter block (object surface) 4, the optical surface r2 is the opening 31 of the aperture plate 30, the optical surfaces r3 and r4 are object-side surface and image-side surface of the plano-convex lens L1, the optical surfaces r5 and r6 are object-side surface and image-side surface of the biconvex positive lens L2, and the optical surface r7 is the photoconductor (image surface) 41. In addition, the object-side surface of the plano-convex lens L1 is an aspheric surface. Assuming that a distance from an optical axis is r, the aspheric shape is expressed by cr2/[1+√{1−(1+K)c2r2}]+Ar4. Here, c is a curvature (1/r) on the optical axis, K is a conic coefficient, and A is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient. In the following numeric data, K3 and A3 are conic coefficient and fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the object-side surface of the plano-convex lens L1, respectively.
Moreover, in the third example, even in the case where it is difficult to form an aperture diaphragm inside the lens L1, the aperture 30 can be integrally formed on a surface around the convex surface of the incidence surface of the first positive lens L1. That is, as shown in
Like this example (including the third example), in the invention, the surface apex of the object-side surface of the first positive lens L1 matches the object-side focal point of the composite lens system configured to include the first positive lens L1 and the second positive lens L2. In addition, even if the surface apex of the object-side surface of the first positive lens L1 is positioned in the neighborhood of the object-side focal point of the composite lens system, the shading phenomenon in which a decrease in the peripheral light amount becomes large according to the fourth power of cosine rule. As a result, concentration unevenness of the imaging spots 8 on the light-emitting element row disposed in the line shape in the light emitter array 1 becomes difficult to occur.
Furthermore, like this example, by making the image-side surface of the second positive lens L2 flat, the entire image-side surface of the second microlens array 62 that forms the lens array of the microlens 5 can be made as a flat surface. Accordingly, for example, even if toner of a developer disperses to adhere to the flat surface of the microlens array when the microlens array is used as a microlens array of a line head of an image forming apparatus, the toner can be simply cleaned. As a result, cleaning efficiency is improved.
Numeric data of this example is shown below. In the order from a side of the light emitter block 4 to a side of the photoconductor (image surface) 41, r1, r2, . . . are radii of curvature (mm) of optical surfaces, d1, d2, . . . are distances between optical surfaces (Mm), nd1, nd2, . . . are refractive indexes of d lines of transparent media, and νd1, νd2, . . . are Abbe numbers of transparent media. In addition, r1, r2, . . . also indicate optical surfaces. The optical surface r1 is the light emitter block (object surface) 4, the optical surface r2 is the opening 31 of the aperture plate 30, the optical surfaces r3 and r4 are object-side surface and image-side surface of the plano-convex lens L1, the optical surfaces r5 and r6 are object-side surface and image-side surface of the plano-convex lens L2, and the optical surface r7 is the photoconductor (image surface) 41. In addition, both the object-side surfaces of the plano-convex lens L1 and plano-convex lens L2 are aspheric surfaces. Assuming that a distance from an optical axis is r, the aspheric shape is expressed by cr2/[1+√{1−(1+K)c2r2}]+Ar4. Here, c is a curvature (1/r) on the optical axis, K is a conic coefficient, and A is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient. In the following numeric data, K3 and A3 are conic coefficient and fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the object-side surface of the plano-convex lens L1, respectively, and K5 and A5 are conic coefficient and fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the object-side surface of the plano-convex lens L2, respectively.
r1=∞ (object side)
d1=6.6460
r2=∞ (aperture)
d2=0.0000
r3=3.4613 (aspheric surface)
d3=1.0000
nd1=1.5168
νd1=64.2
K3=0.0
A3=−0.0195
r4=−3.4613
d4=2.4564
r5=3.3896
d5=1.0000
nd2=1.5168
νd2=64.2
r6=−3.3896
d6=1.5000
r7=∞ (image side)
Used wavelength 632.5 nm
Focal distance of a first lens 3.5333 mm
Focal distance of a second lens 3.4639 mm
Imaging spot group width (total width) 0.4 mm
Distance from a rear side principal plane of a first lens to a front side principal plane of a second lens 3.1512 mm
Maximum angle of view 3.608°
r1=∞ (object side)
d1=6.9201
r2=∞ (aperture)
d2=0.0000
r3=1.8200 (aspheric surface)
d3=1.0000
nd1=1.5168
νd1=64.2
K3=0.0
A3=−0.03493
r4=∞
d4=2.4564
r5=3.3896
d5=1.0000
nd2=1.5168
νd2=64.2
r6=−3.3896
d6=1.5000
r7=∞ (image side)
Used wavelength 632.5 nm
Focal distance of a first lens 3.5333 mm
Focal distance of a second lens 3.4639 mm
Imaging spot group width (total width) 0.4 mm
Distance from a rear side principal plane of a first lens to a front side principal plane of a second lens 3.4639 mm
Maximum angle of view 3.308°
r1=∞ (object side)
d1=7.0578
r2=∞ (aperture)
d2=−0.1300
r3=1.8200 (aspheric surface)
d3=1.0000
nd1=1.5168
νd1=64.2
K3=0.0
A3=−0.0420
r4=∞
d4=2.5499
r5=3.3896
d5=1.0000
nd2=1.5168
νd2=64.2
r6=−3.3896
d6=1.5000
r7=∞ (image side)
Used wavelength 632.5 nm
Focal distance of a first lens 3.5333 mm
Focal distance of a second lens 3.4639 mm
Imaging spot group width (total width) 0.4 mm
Distance from a rear side principal plane of a first lens to a front side principal plane of a second lens 3.5740 mm
Maximum angle of view 3.201°
r1=∞ (object side)
d1=5.1280
r2=∞ (aperture)
d2=0.1871
r3=1.3472 (aspheric surface)
d3=1.0000
nd1=1.5168
νd1=64.2
K3=0.0000
A3=−0.04946
r4=∞
d4=1.9000
r5=1.4225 (aspheric surface)
d5=0.8500
nd2=1.5168
νd2=64.2
K3=0.0000
A3=−0.1123
r6=∞
d6=0.7500
r7=∞ (image side)
Used wavelength 632.5 nm
Focal distance of a first lens 2.6154 mm
Focal distance of a second lens 2.7616 mm
Imaging spot group width (total width) 0.4 mm
Distance from a rear side principal plane of a first lens to a front side principal plane of a second lens 2.5600 mm
Maximum angle of view 4.46°
In such an optical system of the optical writing line head according to the embodiment of the invention, one or more flare aperture plates are preferably disposed between the light emitter array 1 and the aperture plate 30 in order to prevent that light from the light emitter block 4, which is incident on the specific microlens 5 of the microlens array, is incident on an optical path of the adjacent microlens 5 and as a result, the flare is generated. A cross-sectional view taken along the main scanning direction in one example of the case is shown in
While a line head and an image forming apparatus using the same according to embodiments of the invention have been described on the basis of the principles and the examples thereof, the invention is not limited to these examples and various modifications thereof may also be made.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-213530 | Aug 2007 | JP | national |
| 2008-130590 | May 2008 | JP | national |
