| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000-094372 | Mar 2000 | JP |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4367924 | Clark et al. | Jan 1983 | A |
| 5270848 | Takabayashi et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5517208 | Mori et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5737036 | Kanai et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5844540 | Terasaki | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5847799 | Tanaka et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5903251 | Mori et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 6061044 | Ohno et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6115016 | Yoshihara et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6160605 | Murayama et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6188379 | Kaneko | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6232963 | Tew et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6285346 | Melnik et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6333727 | Mizumaki | Dec 2001 | B2 |
| 6377236 | Karamoto | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6392620 | Mizutani et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6448951 | Sakaguchi et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 56-27198 | Mar 1981 | JP |
| 56-107216 | Aug 1981 | JP |
| 9-50049 | Feb 1997 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| M. Schadt et al., “Voltage-Dependent Optical Activity Of A Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 18, No. 4 (Feb. 15, 1971), pp. 127-128. |
| A.D.L. Chandani et al., “Tristable Switching in Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with a Large Spontaneous Polarization”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 27, (1988), pp. L729-732. |
| S.S. Seomun et al., “Evolution of Switching Characteristics from Tristable to V-Shaped in an Apparently Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 36 (1997), pp. 3586-3590. |