Claims
- 1. A positively charged liquid developer comprised of a nonpolar liquid, thermoplastic resin particles, an optional charge adjuvant, optional pigment, and a charge director comprised of a mixture of I. a nonpolar liquid soluble organic phosphate mono and diester mixture derived from phosphoric acid and isotridecyl alcohol, and II. a nonpolar liquid soluble organic aluminum complex, or mixtures thereof of the formulas ##STR7## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, and n represents a number.
- 2. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the phosphate mono and diester mixture is EMPHOS PS-900.TM..
- 3. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein alkyl contains from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms.
- 4. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein R.sub.1 methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- 5. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein R.sub.1 is isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or tert-butyl; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- 6. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the aluminum complex is of the formula as represented by ##STR8##
- 7. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the aluminum complex is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylic) aluminate, hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylic) aluminate monohydrate, hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylic) aluminate dihydrate, hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylic) aluminate tri- or tetrahydrate, and mixtures thereof.
- 8. A positively charged liquid electrostatographic developer comprised of (A) a liquid with a viscosity of from about 0.5 to about 20 centipoise and resistivity greater than or equal to about 5.times.10.sup.9 ; (B) thermoplastic resin particles with an average volume particle diameter of from about 0.1 to about 30 microns, and pigment; (C) nonpolar liquid insoluble charge adjuvant; and (D) a nonpolar liquid soluble charge director mixture of (1) an organic phosphate mono and diester mixture, and (2) a nonpolar liquid soluble organic aluminum complex; and wherein the charge adjuvant is associated with or combined with said resin and said pigment.
- 9. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin is a copolymer of ethylene and an .alpha.-.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; a copolymer of ethylene acrylic acid or a copolymer of a methacrylic acid, an alkylester of acrylic acid or an alkyl ester of methacrylic acid; or a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid with a melt index at about 190.degree. C. of about 500.
- 10. A developer in accordance with claim 8 wherein the resin is a copolymer of ethylene and an .alpha.-.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; a copolymer of ethylene acrylic acid or a copolymer of a methacrylic acid, an alkylester of acrylic acid or an alkyl ester of methacrylic acid; or a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid with a melt index at about 190.degree. C. of about 500.
- 11. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is present in an amount of about 0.1 to 60 percent by weight based on the total weight of the developer solids of resin, pigment, and charge adjuvant.
- 12. A developer in accordance with claim 1 containing a charge adjuvant in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent based on the amount of developer solids of resin, pigment and charge adjuvant.
- 13. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is black, cyan, magenta, yellow, or mixtures thereof.
- 14. A developer in accordance with claim 13 wherein the pigment is carbon black.
- 15. A developer in accordance with claim 12 wherein the charge adjuvant is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 100 weight percent based on the weight of the developer solids, and there is enabled a positively charged developer.
- 16. A developer in accordance with claim 8 wherein component (A) is present in an amount of from about 85 percent to about 99.9 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid developer, the total weight of developer solids is from about 0.1 percent to about 15 percent by weight, and component (D) is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 1,000 milligrams/gram of developer solids.
- 17. A developer in accordance with claim 8 wherein component (C) is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 100 percent by weight of developer solids.
- 18. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge adjuvant, or additive is an adduct of a copolymer poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (NURCEL 599.RTM.) dimethylaminoethyl ester and p-methyl toluenesulfonate, an adduct of a copolymer poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (NURCEL 599.RTM.) dimethylaminoethyl ester and p-toluenesulfonic acid, an adduct of a copolymer poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (NURCEL 599.RTM.) dimethylaminoethyl ester and dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, or an adduct of a copolymer poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (NURCEL 599.RTM.) dimethylaminoethyl ester and hydrogen bromide.
- 19. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the liquid is an aliphatic hydrocarbon.
- 20. A developer in accordance with claim 19 wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon is a mixture of branched hydrocarbons with from about 12 to about 20 carbons atoms, or wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon is a mixture of normal hydrocarbons of from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
- 21. A developer in accordance with claim 8 wherein the aluminum complex of component (D) is an alkyl salicylic acid aluminum complex.
- 22. A developer in accordance with claim 8 wherein the aluminum complex of component (D) is a hydroxy bis(3,5-tertiary butyl salicylic) aluminate monohydrate.
- 23. A developer in accordance with claim 8 wherein the aluminum complex of component (D) is a mixture of hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tertiary butyl salicylic) aluminate monohydrate.
- 24. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein said phosphate esters are present in an amount of from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the mixture, and said aluminum complex or mixture thereof is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the mixture.
- 25. A developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein there is further included a charge additive of aluminum stearate.
- 26. An imaging method which comprises forming an electrostatic latent image followed by the development thereof with a liquid developer comprised of a nonpolar liquid, thermoplastic resin particles, a nonpolar liquid insoluble charge adjuvant, optional pigment, and a charge director comprised of a mixture of I. a nonpolar liquid soluble organic phosphate mono and diester mixture derived from phosphoric acid and isotridecyl alcohol, and II. a nonpolar liquid soluble organic aluminum complex, or mixtures thereof of the formulas ##STR9## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, and n represents a number.
- 27. A liquid developer in accordance with claim 1 wherein said soluble organic phosphate mono and diester mixture is EMPHOS PS-900.TM., CAS registry Number 52933-07-0.
- 28. A liquid developer in accordance with claim 27 wherein said charge director mixture contains two free phosphoric acid hydrogens, and one free phosphoric acid hydrogen per molecule, respectively.
- 29. A positively charged liquid developer comprised of a nonpolar liquid, thermoplastic resin particles, pigment, and a charge director comprised of a mixture of I, a nonpolar liquid soluble organic phosphate mono and diester mixture derived from phosphoric acid and isotridecyl alcohol, and II, a nonpolar liquid soluble organic aluminum complex of the formulas ##STR10## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, and n represents a number.
- 30. A liquid developer in accordance with claim 29 wherein the developer further includes a charge adjuvant.
- 31. A liquid developer in accordance with claim 30 wherein the pigment is carbon black.
- 32. A process in accordance with claim 30 wherein the pigment is selected from the group consisting of cyan, magenta, yellow, and mixtures thereof.
- 33. A positively charged liquid developer consisting essentially of a nonpolar liquid, thermoplastic resin particles, pigment, and a charge director comprised of a mixture of I, a nonpolar liquid soluble organic phosphate mono and diester mixture derived from phosphoric acid and isotridecyl alcohol, and II, a nonpolar liquid soluble organic aluminum complex of the formulas ##STR11## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, and n represents a number.
Parent Case Info
This application is a continuation-in-part of patent application U.S. Ser. No. 08/204,016, abandoned the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference.
US Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
5451483 |
Fuller et al. |
Sep 1995 |
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Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
204016 |
Feb 1994 |
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