The invention relates to a locking device for a locking system. A locking system here is to be understood as a system with mechanical elements which permits or blocks the access or entry to an object, depending on whether an authorisation exists or not. A locking device in particular permits or prevents the actuation of a lock cylinder or lock by way of turning a key or a door knob, by way of actuating a door handle or comparable means, or in an automated manner, by way of suitable drive means etc.
Locking devices with mechanically and electronically—mechatronically—controlled blocking elements are known. They have all the properties of conventional, purely mechanical locking devices. The additional electronically controlled locking furthermore permits the possibility of activating and blocking keys individually. One may thus achieve additional flexibility in the lock organisation with mechatronic locking devices.
Electronically controlled locking is based on a data transmission between an electronics module on the key side, and an electronics module on the lock side. This data transmission may take place by way of contact—for example by way of electrical contact on the key and lock—or in a contact-free manner—for example by way of electromagnetic induction. Data may be transmitted in one direction only or in both directions. In the electronics module on the lock side or on the key side, on the basis of the transmitted data, it is checked as to whether the inserted key is authorised to access. If this is the case, then a motor on the lock side is activated which moves a blocking element in an electronically controlled manner, and in a manner such that it releases the lock cylinder or the lock.
Such a locking device is for example known from the international patent application publication WO 98/28508 or from the international patent application publication WO 01/21913.
The disadvantages of such locking devices according to the state of the art is the fact that attempts at manipulation are sufficient to overcome the blocking of the lock cylinder effected by the blocking element. This may be accomplished by way of the effect of shock, by way of vibrations or brute force or in any other manner.
In order despite this to guarantee a high security, such locking devices are often combined with elements of a conventional, purely mechanical locking device with tumblers. This for example is likewise known in the mentioned documents WO 98/28508 and WO 01/21913. Such a combination entails a high operational reliability but it limits the flexibility of a system operator for the following reasons: often the accesses to an object (for example to a building) which is most relevant to safety or most frequented are provided with mechatronical/mechanical locks. However yet further locks exists which are designed in a purely mechanical manner, for example doors to individual rooms in the inside of the building. These—on authorisation—are to be opened with the same key as with the mechantronic/mechanical locks. If in an existing building locks are allocated to a first lock installation, then a combination with mechatronic/mechanical locks of a second lock installation—of the same manufacturer or another manufacturer—is not possible, which for example is disadvantageous if no mechatronic/mechanical closure system may be obtained from the first manufacturer. The same disadvantage exists if access solutions which are comprehensive with regard to the installation (which concern more than one installation) are to be found.
Generally, with existing mechatronic systems, a happy medium is to be found between the contradicting demands of security and flexibility. Often, for retaining the flexibility of access, the mechanical permutation must be designed in a simultaneously locking manner, which of course is at the expense of the security.
Mechatronic locking devices with a drive-off element decoupled from a rotor are shown in the documents EP 1 030 011, U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,862, EP 0 312 123, FR 2 801 334 and FR 2 552 809.
It would be desirable to have a locking device which is sufficiently secure in order to permit a decoupling from possibly present mechanical safety elements and possible also permit a functioning without additional safety measures by way of mechanical safety elements.
It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a mechatronic locking device which is resistant to external foreign influences, in particular to the effects of force, vibration or shock or magnetic effects, and ensures a reliable and safe functioning.
The object is achieved by a locking device and the method as are defined by the patent claims.
The locking device comprises a coupling element and a drive-off element which may be brought into active connection with bolt means. It may be brought into a first and a second coupling condition by way of electronically controlled drive means via advance means which move the coupling element. In the first coupling condition the rotor—thus the part of the lock which may be rotated by way of the key, door handle or similar means—is decoupled from the drive-off element in the context that no direct coupling via the coupling element or other coupling means is present, which would have the effect of a rotation of the rotor causing a movement of the drive-off element. In its second coupling position, the coupling element couples the drive-off element to a rotor, which may be actuated by the key, door handle, door knob or a comparable means or by an electrical drive mechanism.
This idea is fundamentally different from existing ideas according to the state of the art. In the state of the art, a coupling between the rotor and a catch for actuating the bolt is either provided in a fixed manner or may be accomplished with the simplest of means, for example by way of inserting a key-like object. In the locked normal condition, the rotor is locked with respect to the housing, whereas a release of the rotor with respect to the housing is effected with the agreement of the mechanical coding and as the case may be, the electronic coding. One must therefore decouple the rotor and housing in order to manipulate the lock.
Accordingly, the idea according to the invention differs from the state of the art in that one does not simply need to decouple the rotor and housing but one must couple the drive-off element to the rotor—and as the case may be—also must decouple it from the housing. This permits the coupling means—here the coupling element—to be selected in a very simple manner such that the coupling only comes into effect in a sole singular condition of the coupling means.
This is advantageous for the following reason:
One may assume that with attempts at manipulation, the coupling element or blocking element may be deflected out of its rest position, for example by way of knocks. This is exploited with attempts at manipulation in that one manipulates with a multitude of knocks until the blocking element is located in the free position. The locking device is simultaneously influenced such that the blocking element once situated in the free position is immediately fixed in this—for example by way of a torque acting continually on the rotor.
The requirement of the coupling being accomplished only at a unique, singular condition reduces the probability of the coupling element getting into the second coupling condition at all by way of random agitations—knocks. And even if that were once to be the case, the element would be immediately removed from this position by way of the same random agitation. Thus only a very tiny time window is available in which one may perform any manipulation. In statistical mechanics, the number of all conditions which lead to the event (successful manipulation) is compared to the number of all possible conditions. If the ratio is small, then the event is improbable. In the terminology of statistical mechanics thus the idea according to the invention provides a very small phase space for attempts at manipulation. Furthermore, it is not possible to fix the coupling element onto the rotor by way of constantly exerting a torque as soon as it is in the second coupling position, since the rotor is not coupled to the housing via the drive-off element but is freely rotatable or is fixed with another means which is independent of the coupling element.
By way of a driving-back force which has the effect that the coupling element tends to move away from the coupling position corresponding to the second coupling condition, one may even further reduce the probability of the coupling element coming into the second coupling position by chance.
The mechanical decoupling of the rotor and the drive-off element in the first coupling condition entails the advantage that the lock may also not be actuated by way of a forced rotation of the rotor. At the most the rotor rotates in an empty manner.
According to one embodiment, the drive-off element is blocked with respect to a housing in the first coupling condition. With this, it is additionally blocked from rotation.
The coupling element may have an at least partly spherical surface and for example be formed as a ball. By way of this, the number of positions in which it couples is minimised—which is advantageous—as has been described above. There then exists the requirement for the shear lines between the elements to be coupled and the equator of the coupling element to be aligned to one another. If the equator of the coupling element is above or below the shear line, the coupling element is pushed away from the coupling position by way of exerting force on one of the elements to be coupled.
Preferably, the coupling element is neither coupled to the rotor nor to the housing. The coupling element then in its second coupling position, given a rotational movement of the rotor, may also be rotated with it. For this, it lies for example in an opening which is formed by recesses in the rotor and in the drive-off element. A fixed mechanical coupling to the drive-off element also does not exist such as for example a hinge or a positive fit, but at the most a guiding by way of this recess in this drive-off element, i.e. even if the coupling element may always rotate with the drive-off element, it however is a mechanically independent element. One may envisage the rotor having to be brought back into its initial orientation before the removal of the key, thus may only be rotated by whole-number rotations.
The drive means may for example displace the coupling element between two coupling positions corresponding to the two coupling conditions. In the first coupling position the coupling element couples the housing and drive-off element whilst it effects no coupling between the rotor and drive-off element. In the second coupling position it couples the rotor and drive-off element, but effects no coupling between the housing and the drive-off element.
Alternatively to this an advance means of the drive means which serving as a blocking element may block the drive-off element with respect to the housing in a first coupling condition. In the second coupling condition the coupling element couples the rotor and drive-off element. At the same time the blocking element and the coupling element are designed and arranged such that the blocking element when it is moved from the second to the first coupling condition, simultaneously by way of a direct or indirect affect moves the coupling element away from the coupling position.
A further alternative envisages the drive-off element not being blocked with respect to the housing also in the first coupling position. This is advantageous if the drive-off element for example is rigidly connected to an inner door handle. In this embodiment, on the one hand it is ensured that a person located in the inside of the object to be closed may always leave the object. On the other hand this direct coupling between the drive-off element and the inner door handle also represents a certain amount of protection from manipulation—the inner door nevertheless still always needs to be moved with it on each attempt at manipulation.
An electric motor with a travel spindle may be used as a drive means. Electric motors are relatively modest consumers of electricity in comparison the magnet actuators. Furthermore they are largely vibration-resistant, shock-resistant and magnet-resistant due to their construction.
The coupling element may be displaceable by way of the drive means in a “quasi forcibly guided” manner or even in a completely forcibly guided manner. This means that the position of the coupling element between the first and the second coupling position is defined every time by the drive means, for example in that they are connected to the advance means of the drive means. In the case of the quasi-forcible guiding, this connection may only be released by way of a certain force effort. It may for example be the case that the advance means and/or the coupling element comprises a permanent magnetic moment and the coupling element clings to the advance means on account of this. In the case of the forcible guiding, the connection is so firm that it may not be released at all by way of normal knocks. The coupling element for example is fixed on the advance means by way of mechanical connections. The mechanical connections for example are released as soon as the coupling means are located in the second coupling position.
The locking device may thus be designed such that the coupling element is always oil one of two predefined paths: on the first path quasi-forcibly guided or forcibly guided between the first and the second coupling position, on the second path rotated along with the rotor and relative to this in a constant position about an axis of the rotor.
The drive means may be provided with spring means which are formed and arranged such that the coupling element located between the first coupling position and the second coupling position may be moved against a spring force in the direction of the first coupling position by way of a mechanical action. With this one may prevent damage due to forced manipulation attempts and with the failure of the drive. If the coupling element is located in an—undefined—position between the first and the second coupling position and force is exerted on a shear line, then the coupling element backs away in the direction of the first coupling position without damage having arisen.
The locking device—for the case that it is used with a lock cylinder—may comprise a key-blocking element which may be moved from a first position into a second position by way of introducing the key into the key opening, wherein in the second position it permits a withdrawal of the key only at defined, predefined alignments of the rotor. This on the one hand permits the user to open a door in a manner known per se in that he pulls on the key which is not directed vertically. One the other hand it may be ensured that the system with the key removed is always in a defined position in which the coupling element is displaceable between the two coupling positions. One may also envisage the key-blocking element blocking the rotor against rotation in the first position so that this may not be moved away from its defined position by way of a screwdriver or similar means or by way of randomly induced movements. With attempts to move the rotor with a screwdriver or likewise and with much force, the key-blocking element at the most becomes damaged but due to the mechanical decoupling of the rotor and the housing this is never the case for the elements which are important for the actuation of the bolt.
The key-blocking element—together with the coupling element—has the effect that in total three defined conditions are present:
The key-blocking element may for example be a toggle lever which is connected to a spring which effects a restoring force towards the first position.
The additional security which is effected by the above mentioned elements has the result that the locking device makes do for example without purely mechanically actuatable tumblers. With this, a locking device according to the invention may be combined with any type of existing closure systems and may be applied in a manner which is comprehensive with regard to installations. The locking device permits a connection of several installations and an application in several installations with a system-neutral key.
The locking device according to the invention may however of course additionally further have mechanical tumblers.
The locking device according to the invention in this embodiment is thus system-neutral: mechanical and mechatronic system components may be completely separated.
In the following, preferred embodiments of the invention are described in more detail by way of the drawings. There are shown in:
A principle forming the basis of one embodiment form of the invention is shown in
The coupling element 5 is in a second coupling position—or free position—when it is on the shear line S2 between the rotor and the drive-off element. This is the second coupling condition.
The arrangement shown in the figure is an example of a locking device with a coupling element 5 which in an electronically controlled manner may be displaced between a first and a second coupling position—corresponding to the first and the second coupling condition, wherein the coupling element 5, 5′ in a first coupling position blocks the drive-off element 4 with respect to the housing, and in a second coupling position couples the drive-off element 4 to the rotor 2, wherein the rotor 2 is not coupled to the drive-off element 4 when the coupling element is located in its first coupling position.
Instead of a hemispherical surface section of
Of course the feature that the depth of the recess 2.1 in the rotor is limited such that the coupling element in its second coupling position is on an abutment or almost on an abutment may also be present with a spherical coupling element.
By way of
The lower diagram of
The cylinder lock which is partly shown in the
The drive means are electronically controlled. For the control, the cylinder lock comprises a non-represented electronics module and communication means for communication with a data carrier of the key 30. The communication means for the communication between the data carrier and the electronics module may be designed in a manner known per se for a contact-free communication via electromagnetic radiation, or the key may also comprise contacts via which contact pins of the cylinder lock may be contacted. Further communication possibilities are conceivable. The electronics module determines—for example likewise in a manner known per se—and by way of data exchanged with the data carrier of the key, whether the key is authorised to access the object. With an authorisation, the electronics module controls the drive means such that these bring the coupling element into the second coupling position and release the lock (
A key-blocking element 24 which may be moved between a first position (
Of course one may ensure in another manner that the coupling axis is synchronised, for example—in a manner known per se—by way of mechanical tumblers.
The drive means 23 is yet described in further detail by way of
If the travel spindle 42 is set into rotation by the drive shaft, on account of the guide elements 48 projecting into the helical grooves, an advance (or retreat) onto the travel spindle 42 is effected. The travel spindle may be displaced between a first retracted position and a second position in which for example it partly projects out of the bearing sleeve and the advance sleeve 47. By way of this, the coupling element 5 in a guided manner is displaced between its first and second coupling position. If a force in the direction of its first coupling position—thus downwards in the figure—acts on the coupling element, then the coupling element 5, the travel spindle 42 and advance sleeve 47 on account of the effect of the spring 46 backs away downwards against the spring force. As already mentioned, such a force may arise on account of a torque acting on the rotor which then acts when the coupling element is between the two coupling positions.
An electricity supply cable 51 for the electronically controlled supply of the electric motor with electrical energy is shown in the figure, just as a base plate 50 leading this and possible electronic information transmission channels.
Of course the mechanism for exerting an advance described here is not the only possible manner in effecting an advance in an electronically controlled manner. The man skilled in the art would recognise many further possibilities of how to convert the rotational movement of an electric motor into an advance movement, for example by way of a screw gearing in the present case. Variants without an electric motor are conceivable, for example a magnetic actuator.
Here the role of the permanent magnet 45 is to be briefly explained. If a magnetised body is in direct contact with ferromagnetic material, the ferromagnetic domains are formed in the ferromagnetic material such that the magnetic field runs in a continuous manner in the transition between the magnetised body and the ferromagnetic material. If a short distance only separates the material and the body, such a continuous course is no longer possible and one must therefore consume energy in order to separate the material and the body. This effects something like a “sticking effect” which is known to everyone who has once played with permanent magnets. In the present case this effect is exploited in order to effect a quasi-forcible guiding. The coupling element 5 which for example contains nickel and/or cobalt may only be detached from the permanent magnet by way of massive knocks and once detached generally has a high speed. This “sticking effect” is reinforced even more if the coupling element has a flat surface as is drawn in
The permanent magnet also permits a cylinder installation position which is rotated by for example 180° in comparison to the shown embodiment.
The embodiment shown in
The manner of functioning of this embodiment is the following: in the first coupling condition (
The transition from the second into the first coupling condition is possible only in the aligned orientation drawn in the upper picture of
In place of the drawn-in holding elements, other mechanisms are also conceivable which prevent the sliding of the coupling element into the inside of the rotor.
Although it has been shown in the
The rotor is connected directly to a door handle or to a similarly acting means or to a door knob for example in that a shank 61 of the door handle or of the door knob is designed in a rectangular manner and engages into a corresponding opening in the rotor. The drive-off element is often attached on an axis which in the installed condition lies over an axis of a lock cylinder and over the bolt means. Then suitable (not shown) coupling means are present which couple the drive-off element with bolt means which lie therebelow. On the other hand the axis of the door knob often corresponds to the axis of the lock cylinder replaced by the door knob.
The locking device is drawn in the second coupling condition in
The drive-off element 4 may be directly connected to a door handle on the inner side or means acting in a similar manner (only a rectangular shank 62 is shown). As the case may be the drive-off element in the first coupling condition is coupled to the housing 3 which leads to a blocking of the door handle on the inner side. Alternatively a channel (hollow) 3.3 in the shown example is provided in the housing which forms a slotted piece and in which the coupling element 5 located in the first coupling condition together with the drive-off element 4 may move between two abutments without the rotor rotating as well (
In the shown embodiment the coupling element 5 is not designed spherically but in a peg-like manner. Here it is not magnetic as a whole but at its lower side comprises an insert 5.1 of ferromagnetic material, for example of permanent-magnetic material. An intermediate element 65 of magnetic material, which here is spherical, is located between the travel spindle 42 (or the permanent magnet 45) and the coupling element 5. The intermediate element 65 has the following functions: by way of its at least regional spherical surface and the contact surfaces which are only point-like due to this, it prevents rotational movements being transmitted from the travel spindle to the coupling element by which means frictional losses would arise. Furthermore in the shown embodiment the drive means may also be brought into the second coupling condition when the drive-off element and the coupling means are not in the initial position, for example on account of a partial actuation of the inner door handle or means acting in a similar manner. This is represented in
The locking device according to the invention is particularly advantageous with a direct active connection between the door handle or the door knob and the rotor, since particularly large torques may be exerted by these means. The decoupling of the rotor 2 and drive-off element 4 according to the invention in the first coupling position here is therefore particularly advantageous.
A section through the line XI-XI in
One may yet optionally provide a—possibly conventionally mechanically functioning—lock cylinder additionally to the locking device for the door handle or door knob.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2204/02 | Dec 2002 | CH | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/CH03/00831 | 12/18/2003 | WO | 12/14/2005 |