Patent Grant
7349075
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-123008, filed on Apr. 25, 2003; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a machine for detecting a sheet-like object with high degrees of reliability and accuracy of validation for the sheet-like object, and a validating machine using it.
2. Related Background Art
There are a wide variety of conventionally known validating machine for scanning both sides of a sheet-like object to optically detect compositions of the both sides of the object. Many of the validating machine of this type are generally classified under reflective validating machine and transmissive validating machine. For example, Patent Document 1(Japanese Patent No. 2896288) describes a bill validating method applicable to the reflective validating machine for detecting an optical characteristic of reflected light from an object (bill) to validate the object. This bill validating method is specifically as follows. This method is to preliminarily detect characteristics of reflected light from sample objects (real bills) and register a detected signal pattern thereof (hereinafter referred to as a reference pattern). In an actual validation process, reflected light from a bill is detected as the bill is illuminated with light from a light emitting device, and a detected signal pattern thereof is compared with the reference pattern to validate the authenticity of the bill.
For example, Patent Document 2(Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-77026) describes a transmissive validating machine for detecting an optical characteristic of transmitted light from an object (bill) to validate the object. This transmissive validating machine specifically validates the authenticity of the bill as follows. This transmissive validating machine preliminarily detects characteristics of transmitted light by sample objects (real bills) and registers a detected signal pattern thereof (hereinafter referred to as a reference pattern).
In an actual validation process, the machine detects transmitted light through a bill as the bill is illuminated with light from a light emitting device, and compares a detected signal pattern thereof with the reference pattern to validate the authenticity of the bill.
Incidentally, bill forging techniques have quickly advanced in recent years, and it is the case that forged bills similar to real bills can be made accurately and easily. Since designs of front and back sides of such forged bills are extremely similar to those of real bills, the optical characteristics of light (reflected light and transmitted light) from the front and back sides are also much the same as those of real bills. This means that the detected signal pattern of reflected light or transmitted light from a forged bill virtually conforms to the reference pattern.
Therefore, the validation using reflected light or transmitted light as in the aforementioned validating method and validating machine in Patent Documents 1 and 2 could bring about the possibility of validating a forged bill extremely close to a real bill, as a real bill, thus posing a problem of lack of reliability and accuracy of validation to check the authenticity.
The present invention has been accomplished in order to solve the above problem, and an object of the invention is to provide a sheet-like object detecting machine with high degrees of reliability and accuracy of validation for a sheet-like object, and a validating machine using the same.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a detecting machine for scanning both sides of a sheet-like object to optically detect compositions of the both sides of the object, the detecting machine comprising: a first-side light emitting device and a first-side light detecting device disposed close to each other on a first side of the object; a second-side light emitting device and a second-side light detecting device disposed close to each other on a second side of the object; and an emission controller for controlling the first-side light emitting device and the second-side light emitting device to emit light at respective emission times, different from each other, wherein the first-side light emitting device is disposed at a position opposite the second-side light detecting device with the object in between, the first-side light recieveing device is disposed at a position opposite the second-side light emitting device with the object in between, and in composite detection the first-side light detecting device detect first-side reflected light emitted from the first-side light emitting device and reflected from the first side of the object and the second-side light detecting device detects transmitted light emitted from the first-side light emitting device and transmitted by the object and second-side reflected light emitted from the second-side light emitting device and reflected from the second side of the object, to detect the compositions of both sides of the object.
Preferably, the first-side light emitting device and the second-side light emitting device are disposed so that light beams emitted from the respective devices are irradiated into a substantially identical neighborhood region of the object.
The detecting machine may be configured so that each of the first-side light emitting device and the second-side light emitting device emits a plurality of light beams in mutually different wavelength bands.
The present invention also provides a validating machine using a detecting machine for scanning both sides of a sheet-like object to optically detect compositions of the both sides of the object, wherein the detecting machine comprises: a first-side light emitting device and a first-side light receiving device disposed closely to each other on a first side of the object; a second-side light emitting device and a second-side light receiving device disposed closely to each other on a second side of the object; and an emission controller for controlling the first-side light emitting device and the second-side light emitting device to emit light at their respective emission timings different from each other, wherein the first-side light emitting device is disposed at an opposite position to the second-side light receiving device with the object in between, wherein the first-side light receiving device is disposed at an opposite position to the second-side light emitting device with the object in between, and wherein composite detection is carried out to make the first-side light receiving device detect first-side reflected light emitted from the first-side light emitting device and reflected on the first side of the object and to make the second-side light receiving device detect transmitted light emitted from the first-side light emitting device and transmitted by the object and second-side reflected light emitted from the second-side light emitting device and reflected on the second side of the object, the validating machine comprising a determination validator for validating the object, based on a result of the composite detection, in addition to the detecting machine.
This validating machine is preferably constructed in a configuration wherein the detecting machine outputs validation signals from the first-side light receiving device and from the second-side light receiving device, and to further comprise an operation determiner for determining whether each of the validation signals outputted from the detecting machine is within a tolerance.
A preferred configuration is such that the operation determiner makes a determination on whether a first-side reflection validation signal outputted from the first-side light receiving device, a second-side transmission validation signal outputted from the second-side light receiving device receiving the transmitted light, and a second-side reflection validation signal outputted from the second-side light receiving device receiving the second-side reflected light are within their respective tolerances, and such that the determination validator validates the object, based on a result of the determination by the operation determiner.
Preferably, the first-side light emitting device and the second-side light emitting device in the detecting machine are disposed so that light beams emitted from the respective devices are irradiated into a substantially identical neighborhood region of the object.
Another preferred configuration is such that each of the first-side light emitting device and the second-side light emitting device in the detecting machine emits a plurality of light beams in mutually different wavelength bands.
The present invention will be more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.
Embodiments of the sheet-like object detecting machine and the validating machine using it according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same elements will be denoted by the same reference symbols, without redundant description.
As shown in
In the description of the present embodiment, a bill (hereinafter referred to as bill 4) is applied as the sheet-like object 4, and the compositions of the both sides are defined by patterns such as letters, graphics, symbols, etc. printed on the both sides 6a, 6b of the bill 4.
The validation sensors 2, 2′ are arranged at plural locations, in order to enable each sensor pair to scan along a characteristic part of bill 4.
Since the arrangement intervals and the number of validation sensors 2, 2′ are optionally set according to shapes of patterns, locations of patterns, etc. in characteristic portions of the bill 4, there are no particular restrictions on specific arrangement intervals and number of validation sensors 2, 2′. The characteristic portions of the bill 4 refer to effective portions for specifying and discriminating the bill 4, in the compositions of the both sides.
There are the following two means as means for enabling the validation sensors 2, 2′ to scan the characteristic portions of the bill 4. Namely, there are a means for moving the validation sensors 2, 2′ along a scanning direction indicated by arrow S1, and a means for moving the bill 4 along a scanning direction indicated by arrow S2. The validating machine 30 in the present embodiment adopts the latter means. Namely, the validating machine 30 has a driving part 15 and conveyance rollers 16. The driving part 15 has a motor, and a driving circuit for driving the motor. The conveyance rollers 16 are rotated by the driving part 15 to convey the bill 4 along the scanning direction S2. Of course, the validating machine may adopt the former means.
The validating machine 30 moves the bill 4 along the scanning direction S2, whereby the validation sensors 2, 2′ move relative to the bill 4. At this time, the validation sensors 2, 2′ simultaneously move in the scanning direction S1 in an opposed state with the bill 4 in between.
The first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ are controlled by their respective emission controllers 14, 14′ so as to emit light at respective emission timings different from each other, during a scan of the both sides of the bill 4. It is assumed herein that the emission controllers 14, 14′ control the first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ to emit light alternately.
Part of light the emitted from the first-side light emitting device 8 is reflected from the first side 6a of the bill 4 and is detected as first-side reflected light La1 in the present invention by the first-side light receiving device 10. Another part of the light is transmitted by the bill 4 and is detected as transmitted light La2 in the present invention by the second-side light receiving device 10′.
Furthermore, part of light the emitted from the second-side light emitting device 8′ is reflected from the second side 6b of the bill 4 and is detected as second-side reflected light Lb in the present invention by the second-side light receiving device 10′. Another part of the light Lc (indicated by a dotted line in
The detecting machine 1 in the present embodiment performs composite detection to detect the compositions of the both sides of the bill 4, using the three beams of the transmitted light La2 and the second-side reflected light Lb detected by the second-side light receiving device 10′, and the first-side reflected light La1 detected by the first-side light receiving device 10. Another potential configuration is such that the detecting machine 1 performs the composite detection also using the transmitted light Lc in addition to these three light beams.
In this case,
The emission controllers 14, 14′ control the first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ to emit light according to the following procedure. For example, the emission controllers 14, 14′ control the emission timings so as to repeat a single alternate emission process of making the first-side light emitting device 8 emit a single light beam and then making the second-side light emitting device 8′ emit a single light beam. Another conceivable process is such that the emission controllers 14, 14′ control the emission timings so as to repeat a multiple alternate emission process of making the first-side light emitting device 8 emit a plurality of light beams and then making the second-side light emitting device 8′ emit a plurality of light beams. Of course, the emission controllers 14, 14′ may control the emission timings according to other procedures, and the point is that the emission timings differ from each other so as to avoid simultaneous emissions of the first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′. This enables the controllers to make either of the first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ alternatively emit light. This permits the second-side light receiving device 10′ to detect the two received light beams (the transmitted light La2 and the second-side reflected light Lb) in distinction from each other. When the validation sensors 2, 2′ are arranged not to emit light simultaneously, it is feasible to make the emitters emit light at arbitrary timing according to an operation purpose or an operation environment.
The light reflected from the bill 4 has different optical characteristics (change of light intensity, scattering, change of wavelength, etc.) according to shapes and locations of patterns in the compositions of the both sides, or according to types of ink (e.g., magnetic ink) used in print of the compositions of the both sides and densities of print. The validating machine 30 is arranged to validate the compositions of the both sides of the bill 4 by detecting the light with such optical characteristics by means of the first-side light receiving device 10 and the second-side light receiving device 10′.
The first-side light emitting device 8 is controlled by the emission controller 14 so as to emit a plurality of light beams in mutually different wavelength bands separately. As the first-side light emitting device 8 emits the light beams in the mutually different wavelength bands separately, the first-side light receiving device 10 successively receives light beams (first-side reflected light La1) reflected on the first side 6a of the bill 4, and the second-side light receiving device 101 successively receives light beams (transmitted light La2) transmitted by the bill 4.
The second-side light emitting device 8′ is also controlled by the emission controller 14′ so as to emit a plurality of light beams in mutually different wavelength bands separately. As the second-side light emitting device 8′ emits the light beams in the mutually different wavelength bands separately, the second-side light receiving device 10′ successively receives light beams (second-side reflected light Lb) reflected on the second side 6b of the bill 4.
As shown in
Then the emission controller 14 controls the light emitting devices 8a, 8b to emit the light beams at mutually different emission timings. The emission controller 14′ also controls the light emitting devices 8a′, 8b′ to emit the light beams at mutually different emission timings. In this manner, the detecting machine 1 makes the first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ emit a plurality of light beams in the mutually different wavelength bands separately. This results in detecting the compositions of the both sides of the bill 4 with two light beams of different wavelengths, which can improve the detection accuracy.
In this case, preferably, one beam out of the plurality of light beams in the mutually different wavelength bands is set in a wavelength band from approximately 700 nm to 1600 nm and the other beam in a wavelength band from approximately 380 nm to 700 nm. More preferably, one beam out of the light beams in the mutually different wavelength bands is set in a wavelength band from approximately 800 nm to 1000 nm and the other beam in a wavelength band from approximately 550 nm to 650 nm.
As an example, the validating machine 30 in the present embodiment is arranged so that one beam out of the light beams in the mutually different wavelength bands is set in a wavelength band of approximately 940 nm and the other beam in a wavelength band of approximately 640 nm. For convenience' sake of description, light in the wavelength band from approximately 700 nm to 1600 nm is referred to as “near-infrared light,” and light in the wavelength band from approximately 380 nm to 700 nm as “visible light.” Then the validating machine 30 emits the near-infrared light and visible light.
For example, light emitting diodes (LEDs), semiconductor lasers, etc. can be applied as the first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ capable of realizing the light beams in such wavelength bands. Other light emitting devices can also be applied without any particular restrictions on the first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ as long as they can realize the light beams in the aforementioned wavelength bands.
When the first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ are made to emit the light beams in the mutually different wavelength bands (the near-infrared light and visible light), the emission controllers 14, 14′ control the emission timings so as to prevent the light emitting devices 8a, 8b or 8a′, 8b′ from emitting the near-infrared light and visible light simultaneously.
In this case, specific emission timings of the near-infrared light and the visible light are set according to a moving speed of the bill 4 and a type of the bill 4. Where the validation sensors 2, 2′ are moved, the moving speed of the validation sensors 2, 2′ shall be taken into consideration. For example, the emission controllers 14, 14′ can control the emission timings so as to emit the near-infrared light and the visible light alternately, but the emissions may be made at other timings.
The above-described validation sensors 2, 2′ are arranged to alternately emit the near-infrared light and the visible light at predetermined timings from each of the first side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′, while relatively moving in the scanning direction S1 on the bill 4, relative to the movement of the bill 4. At this time the first-side light receiving device 10 and the second-side light receiving device 10′ successively receive the light beams (reflected light and transmitted light) originating in the compositions of the both sides of the bill 4, to detect the compositions of the both sides, and then output electric signals of voltage values (current values) corresponding to quantities of received light beams, as after-described validation signals T, T′. The validation signals T, T′ indicate results of the composite detection.
The operation determination unit 12 or 12′ is coupled to the validation sensor 2 or 2′, respectively. Each operation determination unit 12, 12′ has, as shown in
The operation determination unit 12 or 12′ receives the validation signal T (T1) or T′ (T1′ and T2′) outputted from the first-side light receiving device 10 or from the second-side light receiving device 10′, the operation determiner 13 or 13′ performs a determination process using the received validation signal T, T′, and it feeds a result to the determination validator 19.
Namely, the operation determiner 13 performs the determination process using the first-side reflection validation signal T1 outputted from the first-side light receiving device 10 receiving the first-side reflected light La1, to determine whether the first-side reflection validation signal T1 is within a first-side reflection tolerance described later. The operation determiner 13 feeds the determination result R to the determination validator 19.
The operation determiner 13′ performs the determination process using the second-side transmission validation signal T2′ outputted from the second-side light receiving device 10′ receiving the transmitted light La2, to determine whether the second-side transmission validation signal T2′ is within a second-side transmission tolerance described later. Furthermore, the operation determiner 13′ performs the determination process using the second-side reflection validation signal T1′ outputted from the second-side light receiving device 10′ receiving the second-side reflected light Lb, to determine whether the second-side reflection validation signal T1′ is within a second-side reflection tolerance described later. The operation determiner 13′ feeds these determination results R′ to the determination validator 19.
The operation determination units 12, 12′ perform the determination processes using the sample data stored in the data storages 17, 17′. This sample data is comprised of scan data obtained by optically scanning the compositions of both sides of sample bills (real bills) of the same kind as the bill 4 to be scanned by the validation sensors 2, 2′. Specifically, the sample data is an accumulation of scan data of many (e.g., several hundred) sample bills. This scan data is data with some range allowing for difference, deformation, etc. in the compositions of both sides of sample bills, for example, as shown in
The operation determiner 13, 13′ defines as a tolerance a zonal region between a maximum line M1, M1′, or M1″ formed by connecting maxima of the scan data and a minimum line M2, M2′, or M2″ formed by connecting minima thereof. There are three such tolerances including the aforementioned first-side reflection tolerance, second-side transmission tolerance, and second-side reflection tolerance.
The tolerances in
The tolerance in
Then the operation determiner 13, 13′ determines whether each validation signal (T1, T1′, or T2′) outputted from the first-side light receiving device 10 or from the second-side light receiving device 10′ is within the region between the maximum line M1, M1′, or M1″ and the minimum line M2, M2′, or M2″, i.e., within the aforementioned tolerance.
As described above, the sample data used in each determination process is an accumulation of scan data of sample bills, the scan data has some range, and this range corresponds to a tolerance. Therefore, if a bill 4 to be validated is an authentic one (true bill), the three validation signals (T1, T1′, and T2′) all must be plotted like lines indicated by dotted lines within and along the regions between the maximum line M1, M1′, M1″ and the minimum line M2, M2′, M2″ (the tolerances). The validating machine 30 is configured with focus on this point so that the determination validator 19 validates the bill 4 as follows. Namely, the determination validator 19 determines the bill 4 as a true bill when the input determination results R and determination result R′ indicate that the validation signals T1, T1′, and T2′ all are within their respective tolerances, and determines the bill 4 as a counterfeit if at least one of the validation signals T1, T1′, and T2′ is off the corresponding tolerance.
In this case, newly printed bills (new bills) and used bills (old bills) demonstrate different optical characteristics (light quantity difference) of light (reflected light and transmitted light) from the compositions of both sides of bill 4. However, the new bills and old bills do not provide a very large difference between quantities of reflected light and transmitted light (i.e., difference between intensities of validation signals). Accordingly, there is no need for expanding the ranges between the maximum line M1, M1′, M1″ and the minimum line M2, M2′, M2″ of the scan data of sample bills preliminarily detected. Narrowing the ranges decreases the number of false determinations of determining a forged bill as an authentic bill, which can improve the accuracy of determination.
As described above, the validating machine 30 of the present embodiment is configured to perform the composite detection to make the detecting machine 1 detect the three light beams of two reflected light beams and one transmitted light beam from the both sides of the bill obtained from a substantially identical location of the bill 4, and to validate the bill 4, using the validation signals obtained by the composite detection. Therefore, it becomes feasible to secure higher degrees of reliability and accuracy of validation for bills 4, as compared with the conventional validating machine.
It is believed that it is easy to make a forged bill with high forgery accuracy (hereinafter referred to as a “high-accuracy forged bill”) similar to an authentic bill, for example, as to only either the reflected light characteristic or the transmitted light characteristic from the compositions of both sides of bill 4 but it is difficult to make a forged bill simultaneously satisfying the both characteristics. Since the validating machine 30 in the present embodiment is configured to validate the bill 4 using the results of the composite detection with the three light beams of two reflected light beams and one transmitted light from the both sides of the bill 4, it can make a clear difference between even a high-accuracy forged bill and an authentic bill. Accordingly, the validating machine 30 is able to determine even a high-accuracy forged bill as a counterfeit, and it is thus feasible to secure higher degrees of reliability and accuracy of validation for bills 4, as compared with the conventional validating machine.
Since the machine is configured to perform the composite detection by emitting a plurality of light beams in mutually different wavelength bands (e.g., near-infrared light and visible light), it can make a clear difference between even a forged bill with either one characteristic close to that of an authentic bill, and the authentic bill. Therefore, it is feasible to secure much higher degrees of reliability and accuracy of validation.
In the above-described embodiment the determination was made on an even basis without any order of precedence among the three validation signals obtained by the composite detection, but there are cases where either one of the front and back sides is more significant in validation than the other, depending upon an object to be validated. For example, in the case of a bar-coded ticket or the like, a surface with a bar code (bar-coded side) is assumed to be more important in validation than the other side. In such case, the determination may be made with order of precedence for the three validation signals, while assigning priority to the validation signal from the bar-coded side.
Since the present embodiment employs the “near-infrared light” as the light emitted from the first-side light emitting device 8 and from the second-side light emitting device 8′, it becomes feasible to remarkably validate the compositions of the both sides of the bill 4 printed with magnetic ink.
It is noted that the present invention is by no means intended to be limited to the above embodiment but can be modified as described below.
For example, where the bill 4 is printed with magnetic ink, the bill 4 can be validated by detecting magnetic patterns thereof. Then magnetic sensors may replace the validation sensors 2, 2′ in the validating machine 30 or may be used together with the validation sensors 2, 2′, so as to perform the validation therewith.
The first-side light emitting device 8 and the second-side light emitting device 8′ may be configured to emit a light beam with a wide scan region E1 in the direction perpendicular to the scan direction S1 toward the front surface of the object, for example, as shown in
As described above, the present invention successfully provided the detecting machine and validating machine with high degrees of reliability and accuracy of validation for sheet-like objects.
The above-described validating machine 30 has the operation determiners 13, 13′, emission controllers 14, 14′, and data storages 17, 17′ corresponding to the respective validation sensors 2, 2′. The validating machine in the present invention may be configured as a validating machine 31 as shown in
It is apparent that various embodiments and modifications of the present invention can be embodied, based on the above description. Accordingly, it is possible to carry out the present invention in the other modes than the above best mode, within the following scope of claims and the scope of equivalents.
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