Patent Application
20100040578
The present invention relates to a malignant tumor cell suppressor protein, a malignant tumor cell suppressor gene, and a recombinant vector for suppressing a malignant tumor cell. More specifically, the present invention relates to a viral vector having anti-tumor activity specific to malignant tumor cells and a kit using the same.
Human and mouse cDNAs have been studied in projects aimed at elucidating human and mouse genomes. Mouse genomes are very similar to human genomes; genes isolated in mouse can be used directly in studies on human diseases; and mice are generally used as research models for study of human diseases. In particular, studies are comprehensive analytical methods of analyzing the difference in gene expression in different cells by using a mouse cDNA microarray, and the difference in gene expression in organs related various human cancers, i.e. between cancerous tissues and normal tissues. As a result, various new cancer-related genes have been identified. For example, various tumor suppressor genes were identified and analyzed, and proved to be effective in suppressing cancer and thus, useful as a therapeutic target genes (genes such as P53, P16waf-1, Rb, PTEN, TSLC-1, and KAI-1) in preclinical tests (animal tests).
Sequences of a great number of various genes have been determined by comprehensive analysis of the gene sequence of full-length cDNA. However, the functions of most of the genes in the body remain unidentified even now (see, for example, Okazaki, Y., Hayashizaki, Y. et al.: Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs Nature 420(6915), 563-573 (2002), Strausberg, R. L. et al.; Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99(26), 16899-16903 (2002)).
Gene therapy is currently practiced as one of cancer therapies. However, it is only possible to apply a viral vector only in the region of target cell by the gene therapy, because gene introduction is performed by using a nonproliferating viral vector for safety, and thus, the incorporation efficiency is low, making it difficult to obtain a satisfactory treatment effect.
It is also known that telomerase activity is often raised in cancerated or immortalized cell lines, while the telomerase activity is almost undetectable in normal somatic cells other than germ cells, blood cells, epithelial stem cells and the like.
An object of the present invention is to provide a viral vector proliferating and being expressed specifically in malignant tumor cells and showing an anti-tumor action, and a kit using the same.
After comprehensive expression analysis aimed at identifying a gene controlling growth, infiltration (invasion) and metastasis of cancer cells, the inventors have found malignant tumor suppressor genes SVS-1 (mouse SVS-1 (mSVS-1) and human SVS-1 (hSVS-1) gene) among the genes identified comprehensive with cDNA arrays and that the gene has a function to inhibit proliferation of malignant tumor cells. The present invention was accomplished, based on the finding, and includes the following aspects:
According to the present invention, there is provided the following means:
(1) A malignant tumor cell suppressor protein (a) or (b):
(a) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID No. 1; or
(b) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID No. 1, wherein one or more amino acid are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID No. 1.
(2) A malignant tumor cell suppressor gene (c) or (d):
(c) a DNA comprising an nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No. 2; or
(d) a DNA comprising an nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No. 2, wherein one or more nucleotide are deleted, substituted or added in the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID No. 2.
(3) A recombinant vector comprising a gene coding the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein described in the item (1) downstream of a promoter sequence to which a transcription factor binds.
(4) A recombinant adenoviral vector comprising a gene coding the transcription factor described in the item (3) downstream of a telomerase promoter.
(5) A viral vector kit for suppressing a malignant tumor cell, comprising the recombinant vector described in the item (3) and the recombinant adenoviral vector described in the item (4).
(6) A recombinant adenoviral vector comprising a gene coding the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein described in the item (1) downstream of a telomerase promoter; and
(7) A recombinant adenoviral vector comprising a gene coding a transcription factor downstream of a telomerase promoter, and
a gene coding the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein described in the item (1) downstream of a promoter sequence to which the transcription factor binds.
Other and further features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description, appropriately referring to the accompanying drawings.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
A method of obtaining a malignant tumor cell suppressor gene such as the gene according to the present invention will be described first. Screening of a malignant tumor cell suppressor gene may be performed, for example, by mouse cDNA microarray method.
Mouse genomes are very similar to human genomes, and thus, genes isolated in mouse can be used directly as they are for studies on human diseases (see, for example, Okazaki, Y., Hayashizaki, Y. et al.: Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs Nature 420 (6915), 563-573 (2002)).
The cDNA microarray method can be performed according the method described, for example, in Yoshihide Hayashizaki supervised., Koji Okazaki Ed., “Practical DNA Microarray Manual for reliable production of data” (Yodosha), Mark Schena Ed., Ikunoshin Kato supervised and translated “DNA microarray” (Maruzen), and the like.
For example, it is possible to analyze the difference in gene expression between mouse normal fibroblast NIH3T3 and a transformant (TF, cancerated) Ki-3T3 cell with activated oncogene v-K-ras, by using a microarray carrying 20,000 (20K) mouse cDNAs. As will be described below in Examples, in the cancerated cell Ki-3T3, 433 genes expressing the protein in a greater amount, by twice or more than in the parent strain NIH3T3 are identified, while 313 genes expressing in an amount of ½ or less, as expression is inhibited, are identified nucleotide.
In addition, it is possible to estimate the functions of the proteins coding the genes above by functional domain search, for example, NCBI Conserved Domain Search (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml), based on the translation regions in the genes with lowered expression. In this way, it is possible to identify multiple genes that would have anticancer activity.
For example, it is possible to obtain the gene represented by SEQ ID No. 2 (hereinafter, referred to simply as SVS-1 gene) coding the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein according to the present invention (SEQ ID No. 1; hereinafter referred to simply as SVS-1 protein).
Hereinafter, a method of constructing a vector for introduction of the malignant tumor cell suppressor gene into malignant tumor cell will be described.
Because most cancer cells have telomerase activity, the viral vector according to the present invention, which contains a gene having a telomerase promoter incorporated, characteristically kills malignant tumor cells specifically.
The present invention also provides a viral vector kit for suppressing malignant tumor cells, having a recombinant vector for establishing a tumor cell line stably transfected with the SVS-1 gene and an adenoviral vector containing the polynucleotide coding a fusion transcription factor (Gal4VP2) (SEQ ID No. 3). In the kit, the recombinant vector for establishing a tumor cell line stably transfected with the SVS-1 gene and the adenoviral vector containing the polynucleotide coding the fused transcription factor (Gal4VP2) may or may not be mixed with each other. When the kit is a mixture, the component ratio is not particularly limited, but preferably 1:1.
A recombinant vector for establishing a tumor cell line stably transfected with the SVS-1 gene is preferably a recombinant vector having a gene coding the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein (SEQ ID No. 1) downstream of a promoter sequence (G5E4T) to which the fused transcription factor (Gal4VP2) binds.
The host vector used is preferably a plasmid vector pG5 (the vector provided by Prof. L. Wu (University of California at Los Angels, Department of Urology, School of Medicine) (see, for example, the vector described in L. Zhang et al., Molec. Therapy 5 (3): 223-232, 2002)).
By binding a Flag tag gene (SEQ ID No. 5) to the gene coding the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein (SEQ ID No. 1) as shown in SEQ ID No. 6, it becomes possible to identify expression of the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein with an anti-FLAG antibody.
By introducing a vector having a G418-resistant gene (e.g., a pcDNA3.1v5his(Neo) vector; manufactured by Invitrogen) additionally, it becomes also possible to select the tumor cell clone stably transfected with the SVS-1 gene by the G418 resistance.
The fusion transcription factor (Gal4VP2)-expressing adenoviral vector for inductive expression of the SVS-1 gene in the stable transfected tumor cell (hereinafter, referred to simply as Ad-Gal4VP2 virus) can be prepared according to the procedures described, for example, in M. Lyer et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98: 14595-14600, 2002; L. Zhang et al., Molec. Therapy 5(3): 223-232, 2002; J. Y. Adams et al., Nature Medicine 8(8): 891-896, 2002; and L. Wu et al., Trends in Molec. Medicine 9(10): 421-429, 2003.
Specifically, the Gal4VP2 gene (SEQ ID No. 3) is first introduced into the restriction enzyme XhoI-XbaI site downstream of a CMV promoter of pShuttle-CMV in an adenoviral vector kit (AdEasy Kit, manufactured by Stratagene). The construct pShuttle-CMV-Gal4VP2 is transformed into competent E. coli strain BJ5183-AD1 (manufactured by Stratagene). In the competent E. coli cell, recombination is occurred between the adenovirus genome incorporated into the competent E. coli and the pShuttle-CMV-Gal4VP2, and thereby obtaining an adenoviral vector DNA constitutively expressing Gal4VP2. It is possible to prepare a desired Gal4VP2-expressing adenoviral vector, by preparing the adenoviral vector DNA from the competent cells and introducing the DNA into a human renal cell line HEK293 which express the adenovirus EIA gene.
In particular, it is also possible to prepare a Gal4VP2-expressing adenoviral vector containing hTERT promoter for specific expression in cancer cells, by the similar manner.
Specifically, the polynucleotide encoding Gal4VP2 (SEQ ID No. 3) is cleaved with restriction enzymes Hind III and Xba I from pcDNA3-Gal4VP2 and inserted into a shuttle-plasmid (pShuttle), which is previously cleaved at the same restriction enzyme sites with Hind III and Xba I, to give a pShuttle-Gal4VP2. Subsequently, a vector pGL3328 which is constructed by being inserted the hTERT promoter into the restriction enzymes sites Mlu I and Bgl II of the pGL-basic (manufactured by Promega) (the vector pGL3328 provided by Dr. Satoru Kyo, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University; see, for example, Takakura et al., Cloning of human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) gene promoter and identification of proximal core promoter sequences essential for transcriptional activation in immortalized and cancer cells. Cancer Res. 59: 551-557, 1999) is cleaved with Pvu II and Bgl II, separating the core region of the hTERT promoter, which is further blunt-ended, to give the hTERT fragment. The pShuttle-Gal4VP2 is digested with Bgl II and blunt-ended. The blunt-ended hTERT fragment is inserted into and ligated with the pShuttle-Gal4VP2, to give a vector pShuttle-hTERT-Gal4VP2. Because there may be clones different in the direction of hTERT fragment, only the DNA having the hTERT fragment inserted in the desired direction may be selected by examining fragments generated by restriction enzyme processing. It is possible in this way to prepare the vector pShuttle-hTERT-Gal4VP2. The pShuttle-hTERT-Gal4VP2 is incorporated into competent E. coli strain BJ5183-AD1 (manufactured by Stratagene), and then transformed. In the E. coli cells, recombination is occurred between the adenovirus genome previously present in the competent E. coli and the introduced pShuttle-hTERT-Gal4VP2, constructing an adenoviral vector DNA expressing Gal4VP2 specifically in cancer cells.
It is possible to prepare a Gal4VP2-expressing adenoviral vector containing hTERT promoter for specific expression in cancer cells by preparing the adenoviral vector DNA from the competent E. coli and introducing the DNA into a human renal cell line HEK293.
The fusion transcription factor (Gal4VP2) is a composite transcription factor containing the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor Gal4 and the transcription-activating domain VP2 of the HSV-virus transcription factor VP16, which are fused for specific binding to the synthetic promoter G5E4T and thus inductive expression of the downstream genes and also for improving the transcription efficiency drastically by activating the desired gene by “two-step transcription activation method (TSTA method)”.
The fusion transcription factor (Gal4VP2)-expressing adenoviral vector according to the present invention has a human telomerase promoter upstream of the fusion transcription factor (Gal4VP2), because transcription of such a vector is accelerated in the malignant tumor cells having telomerase activity. The promoter is not particularly restricted, for example in its kind, if it is a human telomerase promoter, but preferably hTERT.
The present invention also provides a recombinant adenoviral vector containing a gene coding the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein (SEQ ID No. 1) downstream of a telomerase promoter.
It is more preferably a recombinant adenoviral vector containing a gene coding a transcription factor downstream of a telomerase promoter; and a gene coding the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein downstream of a promoter sequence to which the transcription factor bind.
The virus for use in the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably an adenovirus, from the points of safety and others. Among adenoviruses, type 5 adenoviruses are particularly preferable, from the points of convenience in handling and others.
The viral vector according to the present invention is a very safe remedy, because of considering extremely less probable to cause adverse reactions, for the following reasons: (1) normal somatic cells have almost no telomerase activity, and the viral vector according to the present invention is less infectious to floating cells such as hematopoietic cell; (2) the viral vector according to the present invention characteristically amplifies expression of a gene downstream of the promoter sequence (G5E4T) as it is induced by the transcription factor Gal4VP2, and thus may be used at a concentration far lower than that of non-induced viruses commonly used in gene therapy; and (3) even when the viral vector according to the present invention is administered in excess, an antiviral action by the immunoreaction which the body naturally has can act on the viral vector.
As described above, the malignant tumor cell suppressor gene according to the present invention can be effectively used in specific inhibition of malignant tumor cells.
Hereinafter, amplification of expression of SVS-1 gene and increase in anti-malignant tumor activity by co-infection to non-proliferating recombinant adenovirus containing SVS-1 gene and restricted-proliferation adenovirus, will be described.
It is known that the non-proliferating virus proliferates in cancer cells and amplifies the gene by co-infection with a restricted-proliferation adenovirus (growing only in cancer cells), consequently leading to drastic increase in expression of the recombinant gene and also in cellular action (see, for example, Sunamura M, Oonuma M, Motoi F, Abe, H, Saitoh Y, Hoshida T, Ottomo S, Hori A and Matsuno S:Gene therapy for pancreatic cancer targeting the genomic alterations of tumor suppressor genes using replication-selective oncolytic adenovirus. Hum Cell. 15:138-150, 2002., Nagayama Y, Nakao K, Mizuguchi H, Hayakawa T and Niwa M:Enhanced antitumor effect of combined replicative adenovirus and nonreplicative adenovirus expressing interleukin-12 in an immunocompetent mouse model. Gene Ther. 10:1400-1403, 2003).
Thus, it appears that co-infection of the viral vector according to the present invention and a restricted-proliferation adenovirus, such as AxEIAdB, leads to drastic increase in expression of the SVS-1 gene in malignant tumors and to drastic increase in antitumor activity.
Hereinafter, application of the viral vector according to the present invention will be described.
The viral vector according to the present invention can be used as a vector for anti-malignant tumor. For example, it can be used not only for treatment of a cancer, but also for prevention of recurrence after operation and inhibition and/or prevention of its metastasis.
The kind of the cancers to which the viral vector according to the present invention is applicable include any kinds of cancers. Particularly, it is effective against cancer including solid cancers of stomach, colon, lung, liver, prostate, pancreas, esophagus, bladder, gallbladder and bile duct, breast, uterus, thyroid, ovary and others.
The viral vector according to the present invention may be applied directly to affected regions as it is, and administered into the body (desired cell or organ) by any known methods such as intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous injection, inhalation via nasal cavity, oral cavity or lung, oral administration, and application as suppository or an external preparation.
The viral vector according to the present invention that is incorporated or infected into the body, i.e., malignant tumor cells, proliferates in the cells, ultimately killing the cells. It is thus possible to treat cancer and inhibit growth and metastasis of the malignant tumor.
After processing for easier handling for example by freezing, the viral vector may be used as a pharmaceutical composition, as it is or as it is mixed with additional known pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as diluent, filler, binder, and lubricant, and other known additives (including buffer agent, isotonic agent, chelating agent, colorant, stabilizer, flavoring agent, seasoning agent, sweetener, and the like.).
The viral vector according to the present invention can be administered orally in the shape of tablet, capsule, powder, granule, pill, liquid, syrup or the like; or parenterally in the shape of injection, external preparation, suppository, ophthalmic solution or the like. It is preferably, for example, local injection such as intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection, or an intravenous injection.
The dosage is selected properly according to the kind of active ingredient, administration route, patient, patient age, body weight, gender, symptom, and other conditions, but the dosage per day is normally approximately 1×107 to 1×1012 PFU, preferably approximately 1×108 to 1×1011 PFU, as the content of active ingredient viral vector according to the present invention, and the preparation may be administered once a day or in portions as divided.
It is also possible to control the immunoreaction of the body and make the viral infection easier, by using a known immunosuppressive agent or the like, together with the viral vector according to the present invention.
It is further possible to use at least one anticancer drug selected from the group consisting of non-proliferating viruses used in conventional gene therapy, such as those containing p53 gene; known anticancer drugs; and radiation ray; in combination the viral vector according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, an antibody binding specifically to the protein according to the present invention will be described.
Any known common method may be used in preparing the antibody binding specifically to the protein according to the present invention. A polypeptide having high antigenicity may be selected from any sequence favorable as the epitope (antigenic determinant) according to a known method, and may be used as antigen. Commercially available software, for example, Epitope Adviser (manufactured by Fujitsu Kyushu System Engineering) may be used in selecting the epitope.
The SVS-1 protein according to the present invention may be used as it is the polypeptide used as antigen. The antigen polypeptide may be processed into a preparation such as a proper solution and the like according to a known method; and used for immunization of mammals such as rabbit, mouse and rat. It is preferable that the antigen peptide is used in immunization as a conjugate with a suitable carrier protein or in combination for example with an adjuvant, for improvement in reliability and in the antibody titer.
The antigen administration route during immunization is not particularly limited, and the preparation may be administered via any route, for example, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, intravenously, or intramuscularly. Specifically, for example, a method of administering the antigen polypeptide to BALB/c mice several times at an interval of several days to several weeks is used. The dosage of the antigen is preferably approximately 0.3 to 0.5 mg/once when the antigen is a polypeptide, and may be modified properly according to the kind of animal immunized.
After immunization, increase of antibody titer is measured by occasional blood sampling and subsequent analysis thereof, for example, by solid phase enzyme immunoassay (hereinafter, referred to as “ELISA method”) or Western blotting; and then, blood is collected from the animal having a sufficiently higher antibody titer. Further, the resultant can be processed by a method appropriately used in antibody preparation to give a polyclonal antibody. Specifically, the method includes a method of obtaining a purified antibody by purifying antibody component from the serum according to a known method. The antibody component can be purified, for example, by salting out, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, or the like.
It is also possible to prepare the monoclonal antibody by using a hybridoma prepared by fusion of the spleen cell of the animal and a myeloma cell according to a known method (Milstein, et al., Nature, 256, 495 (1975)).
When a human-derived protein is obtained as the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein according to the present invention, it is possible to prepare a human antibody by immunizing a severe-combined-immune-deficiency (SCID) mouse, to which human peripheral-blood lymph cells are previously transplanted, with the polypeptide or part of the peptide as an antigen, similarly to the method described above; and preparing a hybridoma between the antibody production cell of the immunized animal and a human myeloma cell (Mosier, D. E., et al. Nature, 335, 256-259 (1988): Duchosal, M. A., et al., Nature, 355, 258-262 (1992)).
Further, it is possible to prepare the human antibody in a greater amount, by extracting the RNA from the human antibody-producing hybridoma thus obtained; cloning a gene coding a desired human antibody into a suitable vector; and introducing and amplifying the vector in a suitable host. In the case of an antibody less easily binding to the antigen, it is possible to raise the binding efficiency by using an evolutionary engineering method known in the art. It is possible to prepare the partial fragment such as a monovalent antibody, for example, by cleaving the Fab and Fc regions with papain and the like, and collecting the Fab region by using an affinity column and the like.
The antibody thus obtained that binds specifically to the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein according to the present invention can be used in detection of the malignant tumor cell suppressor protein according to the present invention specifically, because it binds to the protein. In this case, it is possible to detect the protein quantitatively by any secondary antibody detection method.
The protein according to the present invention having a sequence represented by SEQ ID No. 1 has malignant tumor-suppressing action.
The malignant tumor cell suppressor gene according to the present invention would be useful in development of pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of cancer (viral vector, drug development, etc.).
The viral vector and the kit using the same according to the present invention have an action to inhibit growth of malignant tumor cells specifically.
The present invention will be described in more detail based on examples given below, but the invention is not meant to be limited by these.
(1) Screening for Malignant Tumor Cell Suppressor Genes with Mouse cDNA Microarray
First, the difference in gene expression between the mouse normal fibroblast NIH3T3 and the transformant Ki-3T3 cell transformed with activated oncogene v-K-ras was analyzed by using a microarray carrying 20,000 (20K) mouse cDNAs. As a result, in the cancerated cell Ki-3T3, 433 genes that are expressed in an amount of twice or more, larger than in the parent strain NIH3T3, and 313 genes that are expressed in an amount of ½ or less, lower than in the parent strain, were identified.
Among the above genes of which expression is inhibited, a few genes considered to have possibly anticancer activity were identified by functional domain search based on the proteins coded by the genes. Then, a SVS-1 gene (SEQ ID No. 2) was obtained and a protein translation region of SVS-1 gene was subjected to domain search by using the NCBI Conserved Domain Search (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml).
The domains predicted by the domain search are shown in the following Table 1.
As obvious from Table 1, the SVS-1 protein has a sushi domain, which is present in a known tumor suppressor gene drs, and also other sushi (CCP, SCR) domains, an AMOP domain, membrane penetration regions and others. As a result, it is presumed that SVS-1 protein is a membrane protein involved in cell adhesion and the like. It is also suggested that the SVS-1 protein has a malignant tumor-suppressing function, because of the fact that many proteins present in the cell membrane and involved in cell adhesion have cancer-suppressing action. As will be described below in “(6) Malignant tumor-suppressing test”, the SVS-1 protein is present locally in the cell membrane and a protein involved in cell adhesion and the like, which also supported the suggestion.
(3) Establishment of Stable Transfected Cell Line with SVS-1 Gene (Ht/SVS-1 and HeLa/SVS-1)
First, the SVS-1 gene (SEQ ID No. 6) directly connected to a Flag tag gene (SEQ ID No. 5) was inserted to the restriction enzyme Xba I site of a plasmid vector pG5 (vector provided by Prof. L. Wu, University of California at Los Angels, Department of Urology School of Medicine, see, for example, L. Zhang et al., Molec. Therapy 5(3): 223-232, 2002) downstream of the promoter sequence (G5E4T) (SEQ ID No. 4) which is recognized and bound by a fusion transcription factor (Gal4VP2), to give a plasmid vector pG5-Flag-svs1.
Then, the pG5-Flag-svs1 vector and pcDNA3.1v5his(Neo) vector having a G418-resistant gene (manufactured by Invitrogen) are co-introduced into a cancer cell HT1080 (fibrosarcoma) and HeLa cell (uterine cervical cancer) respectively by lipofection. After selection with G418 resistance over two weeks, tumor cell clones stably transfected with SVS-1 gene were obtained. One out of four cloned HT1080 cells and two out of 24 cloned HeLa cells were expression-inducible strains.
For induced expression of the SVS-1 gene in the stable transfected tumor cell, a fusion transcription factor (Gal4VP2)-expressing adenoviral vector (Ad-Gal4VP2.virus) was prepared according to the method described, for example, in M. Lyer et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98: 14595-14600, 2002., L. Zhang et al., Molec. Therapy 5(3): 223-232, 2002, J. Y. Adams et al., Nature Medicine 8(8): 891-896, 2002., or L. Wu et al., Trends in Molec. Medicine 9(10): 421-429, 2003.
Specifically, the polynucleotide Gal4VP2 (SEQ ID No. 3) was prepared by cleavage of pcDNA3-Gal4VP2 with Hind III and Xba I and inserted into a vector obtained by cleavage of pShuttle with the same restriction enzymes Hind III and Xba I (pShuttle-Gal4VP2). Further, a vector pGL3328 containing a hTERT promoter in the restriction enzyme Mlu I-Bgl II site of pGL-basic (manufactured by Promega) (provided by Dr. Satoru Kyo, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University) was cleaved with Pvu II and Bgl II, separating the core region of the hTERT promoter, which was then blunt-ended (hTERT). pShuttle-Gal4VP2 was digested with Bgl II and blunt-ended. The blunt-ended hTERT fragment was inserted therein and ligated, to give a vector pShuttle-hTERT-Gal4VP2. Because the hTERT fragment may be inserted in both directions, a DNA having the hTERT in the desired direction was selected, based on the fragments obtained by restriction enzyme treatment, to give pShuttle-hTERT-Gal4VP2 (yield: 10 μg). The vector pShuttle-hTERT-Gal4VP was then introduced into competent E. coli BJ5183-AD1 (manufactured by Stratagene) (1×1010 cells) and the resultant incubated in a LB agar medium at 37° C. overnight, allowing transformation. An adenoviral vector DNA, which express Gal4VP2 specifically in cancer cells, was constructed in E. coli cell by recombination of the adenovirus genome previously present in the competent E. coli with the introduced vector pShuttle-hTERT-Gal4VP2.
The adenoviral vector DNA was prepared from E. coli and introduced into a human renal cell line HEK293, to give a Gal4VP2-expressing adenoviral vector containing the hTERT promoter for specific expression in cancer cells (yield: 1×1013 PFU).
(5-1) The SVS-1-transfected cell line (HT/SVS-1 or HeLa/SVS-1) was infected with the Ad-Gal4VP2 virus, allowing inductive expression of the SVS-1 gene. The culture condition for inductive expression is shown in Table 2.
Here, moi represents multiplicity of infection, while FBS, fetal bovine serum.
(5-2) For confirmation of expression in comparison with a mock (control cell infected with an empty virus), expression induction by Ad-Gal4VP2 virus was studied under microscope by an immunofluorescent method of using an anti-FLAG antibody.
First, observation of the cancer cell HT1080 (magnification: 200 times) showed that both of the mock and the Ad-Gal4VP2 virus-infected cell were dyed in processing by Hoechst dyeing method (dyeing of live cell nucleus). However, in observation by an immunofluorescence method of using an anti-FLAG antibody (magnification: 200 times), the mock cell was not fluorescent, while the Ad-Gal4VP2 virus-infected cell was fluorescent.
Then, in observation of the HeLa cell (magnification: 400 times), both of the mock cell and the Ad-Gal4VP2 virus-infected cell were dyed by the Hoechst dyeing method (dyeing of live cell nucleus). However, in observation by the immunofluorescence method of using an anti-FLAG antibody (magnification: 400 times), the mock cell was not fluorescent, while the Ad-Gal4VP2 virus-infected cell was fluorescent.
The results indicate that the FLAG-tagged SVS-1 protein is expressed inductively in the Ad-Gal4VP2 virus-infected cell.
(5-3) Inductive expression by the Ad-Gal4VP2 virus was analyzed by Western blotting of using a FLAG antibody (α FLAG). Results are shown in
As obvious from
First, breakdown of the tumor cytoskeleton and subsequent sphericalization of the cell by expression of the SVS-1 gene were studied.
(a) When the SVS-1 cDNA was transfected to a mouse normal fibroblast NIH3T3, microfilaments (actin fibers) in the cytoskeleton disappeared and the cell sphericalized.
(b) Microscopic observation by using a phase-contrast microscope and using an orange fluorescent-labeled SVS-1 protein (magnification 400%) showed that most of HeLa cells sphericalized, forming agglomerates (aggregation), when the SVS-1 was inductively expressed. In the control study by using Ad/GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein), the infected and inductively-expressing cell did not show such a phenomenon (in phase contrast and green fluorescent microscopic observation (magnification: 400%)).
The results above (a) and (b) show that it is possible to act on the cytoskeleton breakdown of malignant tumor cells by inductive expression of the SVS-1 gene therein.
In addition, it seems to be possible to reduce the infiltration or metastatic activity of the malignant tumor cell, by inductive expression of the SVS-1 protein.
Specifically, confocal micrographic image observation (magnification: 800%) revealed that the SVS-1 protein was expressed on the intracellular structure (endoplasmic reticulum) and the cell membrane in cells with increased cell membrane permeability by treatment with TritonX100, but on the external surface of the cell when it is not treated with TritonX100 (the antibody did not penetrate into the cell, allowing dyeing the antigen present outside the cell surface). The sphericalization of cell shape and the cytoskeleton breakdown shown in (a) and (b) above, suggest that the inductive expression is effective in inhibiting infiltration and metastasis of the malignant tumor cell in the body. The suggestion is made, based on the fact that the properties of SVS-1 shown above, such as the intracellular distribution and agglomerate formation, are common to those of the “TSLC-1” gene which was identified as a cancer metastasis-suppressing gene (see, for example, study by groups in National Cancer Center and Univ. Tokyo, J. Biol. Chem. 277: 31014-31019, 2002).
As described above, it is possible to suppress malignant tumor cells by inductive expression of the protein according to the present invention having a sequence represented by SEQ ID No. 1.
Because the above tests were performed by using a cancer cell HT1080 (fibrosarcoma) and HeLa cell (uterine cervical cancer), it is also obvious that it is possible to express the SVS-1 gene inductively, specifically in malignant tumor cells in animal body, and to breakdown the cytoskeleton of the malignant tumor cell.
The malignant tumor cell suppressor protein, the malignant tumor cell suppressor gene, the malignant tumor cell-suppressing viral vector and the kit using the same according to the present invention can be used preferably for specific suppression of malignant tumor cells.
Having described our invention as related to the present embodiments, it is our intention that the invention not be limited by any of the details of the description, unless otherwise specified, but rather be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as set out in the accompanying claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-191789 | Jun 2005 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/313145 | 6/30/2006 | WO | 00 | 11/19/2008 |
