Patent Grant
11268499
This application is a National Stage application of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2017/079028, filed on Nov. 13, 2017, which claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2016 226 039.1, filed on Dec. 22, 2016, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The invention relates to a displacement control device for variably adjusting the displacement of an axial piston hydraulic pump, in particular to a manual displacement control device. The displacement control device according to the invention and to the preamble of claim 1 comprises a rotary shaft which is mounted in a housing and is rotatable around a rotary shaft axis of the rotary shaft. The rotary shaft has a first end and a second end, wherein to the second end, which protrudes outside of the housing, a torque can be applied for rotating the rotary shaft to open and close servo pressure lines arranged within the housing. These servo pressure lines can conduct hydraulic fluid to and from a servo adjusting unit capable of adjusting the displacement volume of the axial piston hydraulic pump. The rotary shaft further comprises a mid-portion located between the first end and the second end.
The invention relates in particular to the adjustment of the neutral setting of a control device in hydrostatic adjustment devices of hydraulic machines in which both the displacement volume and the delivery direction are adjustable. The invention relates in particular also to feed back the displacement volume and the delivery direction to the displacement control device after a change of displacement angle for the axial piston hydraulic pump is set by an operator or a (external) control unit of the hydrostatic transmission.
Hydraulic servo units are used in a variety of designs for the adjustment of the displacement volume of hydraulic pumps. Thereby, the position of a servo piston in such a servo unit is controlled with hydraulic fluid under pressure applied to one side of that servo piston, where upon the position of the servo piston determines the position of the displacement device of the hydraulic machine, for example the swivelling angle of a swash plate or a bent axis of an axial piston hydraulic machine. The invention can be used for controlling the servo piston's position in the servo unit. Additional fields of application are for example the control of radial piston machines whose eccentricity is adjustable, or for example in bent axis pumps which power can be modified by deflection of the cylinder block axis. Normally, servo pistons which are acting on adjustment/displacement devices of the hydraulic machines are centred in the servo cylinders in their neutral or zero position via springs. As a result of which in the case of balanced pressure conditions, for example, on a double-sided servo piston, the delivery flow of the hydraulic machine is zero. This is known for e.g. from a generic device according to DE 41 25 706 C1, whose features constitute the preamble of claim 1. A similar displacement control device that allows a fine adjustment of the neutral position of an adjustable hydraulic machine is described in DE 10 2012 200 217 B4.
The zero delivery volume corresponds, for example, to a machine standstill of a hydraulic driven machine, i.e. the hydraulic pump in this condition neither emits nor receives power. Such a machine standstill is of safety significance and must therefore be definable precisely by the control device. The control device for a servo unit commanding the displacement of a displacement element, like a swashplate, is responsible for the pressures on both sides of the servo piston and controls the respective hydraulic pressures to the servo piston via its control edges. If an operator or a (external) control unit of a hydrostatic transmission, for example, demands the transmission to a standstill, this has to be achieved securely in order to avoid accidents. This is why the hydraulic neutral position of the control device is of high security relevance, thus the standstill of the hydraulic machine necessarily must be adjustable precisely. To achieve this, the displacement control device has to be settable on a neutral position indication, which reliable commands the hydraulic machine or the hydrostatic transmission to zero displacement, i.e. to a standstill.
However, in practice, both the control device and the servo unit, in particular its control edges are subjected to production tolerances, as a result of which the neutral position of the control device usually deviates from the theoretical predefined position. As a result, the servo piston at the predefined neutral position of the control device can be in an deflected position and the adjustable hydraulic pump would be outside of the zero displacement condition, thus machine standstill could not be achieved. Hence, a mechanism for neutral setting is necessary to compensate the position error in the control device and/or the servo unit caused by production tolerances so that the hydraulic pump facilitates the zero position of the servo piston in the neutral position of the control device and thus machine standstill can be achieved reliable.
By means of a neutral setting-adjustment it is ensured that in the case of a reported position of the servo system in which the hydraulic machine does not produce any delivery flow, no control signal counteracting this state is generated in the control unit. Otherwise the setting of the control device does not match the setting of the servo piston in the displacement device of the hydraulic machine. In any other case machine standstill can never be achieved, since one of the two units is always outside of the hydraulic centre. A neutral adjustment for the control device has the task of centring the control piston in the control device.
In particular, for mechanical adjustments this means that the deflection of the control device in one direction should be precisely as great in amount as in the other direction so that the delivery power generated by the variable hydraulic machine or received by the variable hydraulic machine is equally great for both delivery directions, i.e. symmetric. In particular, a forward-reverse driving or a left-right pivoting is to be thought of here, which should take place with the same power. For different reasons, in particular for safety reasons and for reasons of user friendliness, an input shaft should always autonomously strive to return to its neutral position. By way of illustration the machine operator expects that the deflected control lever autonomous-ly swivels back to the neutral position after being released. This, for example, is achieved in the state of the art by a permanently acting spring forces onto the control piston in the control device.
In the case of a design of such a neutral setting mechanism known from DE 41 25 706 C1 the input shaft, which can be turned mechanically in two directions, exhibits a flattened portion upon which a spring-loaded and guided sliding part acts. The sliding part exhibits a likewise planar surface on the contact surface between the flattened portion and the front face of the sliding part. As a result of which in the event of turning the input shaft out of the neutral position a later-al contact on the flattened portion of the input shaft occurs. Through the spring action which acts on the sliding part an outer axial force is generated as an aligning torque on the input shaft. This aligning torque attempts to move the input shaft back to its neutral position in which the two areas, the planar front face of the sliding part and the planar flattened portion on the input shaft, lie flat, fully-faced or planar on one another. In this planar, fully-faced contact the spring action acts directly in direction towards the axis of the input shaft, so that no torque is generated by the spring action. Through the flat contact of the sliding part on the flattened portion of the input shaft, regardless of the direction of rotation of the shaft the sliding part is shifted away from the axis of the input shaft and the surface contact is changed to a line contact eccentric to the shaft axis, seen in direction of the spring force. As a result of that, a torque is acting in one or the other direction intending to turn back the input shaft to its neutral position. If the deflection torque on the input shaft applied by a machine operator or a control unit is zero or is lower than the torque which is generated by the shifted sliding part via the flattened portion on the input shaft, the input shaft rotates driven by the spring force back to its neutral position.
For the setting/adjusting of the neutral position of the control device the known design of DE 41 25 706 C1 proposes shifting the relative position of a linking lever, which links the input shaft with a control piston of the displacement control device, by means of an eccentric mounted lever head abutting on the control piston. With this the neutral position of the control piston in the control cylinder can be adapted to the neutral position of the input shaft.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for a displacement control device of the above mentioned kind that allows a precise setting of the neutral position of the control apparatus for adjusting the volumetric flow rate of hydraulic pumps to zero when the machine is at a standstill. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to specify a setting mechanism for the neutral position of a displacement control and thereby of the hydraulic pump, which setting mechanism requires just a few components, with which a simple and quick neutral setting adjustment can be realized every time needed and not only once, when the hydraulic piston pump is placed into operation. The construction thereof should be simple, robust and cost effective. Furthermore, it is also an object of the invention to provide a reliable feedback of the position of the displacement element with regard to the setting in the displacement control device.
The object of the invention is solved by a displacement control device for a hydraulic piston pump according to the preamble of claim 1. For adjusting the displacement volume of a hy-draulic piston pump a rotary shaft is mounted in a housing of the displacement control device and is rotatable around a shaft axis of the rotary shaft. The rotary shaft having a first end and a second end, wherein to the second end, which protrudes outside of the housing, a torque can be applied for rotating the rotary shaft to open and close servo pressure lines arranged within the housing. This servo pressure lines can conduct hydraulic fluid to and from a servo adjusting unit capable to adjust the displacement volume of the hydraulic piston pump. The rotary shaft further comprises a mid-portion located between the first end and the second end. Concentric to the shaft axis in the mid-portion of the rotary shaft a detent sleeve is positioned comprising an abutment area onto which, in the neutral position of the displacement control device, a sliding element abuts. The sliding element is mounted pre-stressed in the housing exerting a resilient force transverse to the shaft axis onto the detent sleeve. In operating conditions of the displace-ment control device the detent sleeve is rotatable fixed with the rotary shaft and turns with the rotary shaft. For neutral position adjustments in non-operating conditions, the detent sleeve and the rotary shaft are detachable from each other such that the rotary shaft can be turned relative and independently within the detent sleeve which is held in its neutral position by the transverse force of the sliding element onto the abutment area.
The construction of a displacement control device according to the invention enables a simple but precise setting of the neutral position of the displacement control device in line with the neutral position of the hydraulic piston pump, as the neutral setting/adjustment of the rotary shaft can be done whilst the detent sleeve is held by the sliding element in a rotational fixed position.
Hence, with the detent sleeve held in position and as such rotationally fixed by means of the sliding element and, simultaneously, with the hydrostatic piston pump in zero position, which is fed back to the displacement control unit for instance by a feedback pin fixed to the displace-ment element of the hydrostatic piston pump, a continuous neutral setting of the rotary shaft and the means, with which the displacement torque can be exerted on the second end of the rotary shaft can be performed. So the rotary shaft can be turned relative and independently from the neutral position setting detent sleeve exactly to the rotational position in which the conveying volume of the hydrostatic piston pump is zero. Simultaneously the servo pressure fluid flows are adjusted such that the servo piston is held in a position that guarantees the zero-displacement volume of the hydrostatic piston pump. This must not be necessarily the geometric or theoretical mid-position of the servo piston in the servo cylinder, as production tolerances and/or the forces of the servo piston centring springs must not be equal. Finally, the rotary shaft is brought into a position in which he indicates reliably the neutral position of the hydrostatic piston pump, thereby balancing the production tolerances of all parts of the displacement control device as well as of the mounting and production tolerances of the feedback element relative to the displacement element and the displacement control device.
In a preferred, simple embodiment a lever is fixed to the second end of the rotary shaft either directly or indirectly such that, in the detached situation the rotary shaft and the detent sleeve can be rotated independently and relative to one another. Also, in this condition the lever can be adjusted to the “Neutral indication” on the housing or on the detent sleeve as the latter is held in neutral position abutting against the abutment area on the detent sleeve. At the same time the rotary shaft can be rotated to its neutral position as well, in which the hydraulic pressures guided to both sides of the servo pistons are balanced in such a manner that the displacement element of the hydrostatic pump is held in the neutral position, in which the hydrostatic pump does not show any displacement and therefore its conveying volume is equal to zero.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the abutment area for assuring the rotational fixed position of the detent sleeve is a flattened portion formed on the detent sleeve, onto which a flat front face of the sliding element can abut fully-faced. Thus, when the rotary shaft and the detent sleeve are deflected out of the neutral position in a rotational motion around the rotary shaft axis, the sliding element do no longer abuts planar on the abutment area since they are in a line contact at one end region of the abutment area dependent upon the direction of rotation of the rotary shaft together with the detent sleeve. Alternatively, the abutment area can be constituted by a depression on the detent sleeve into which, in the neutral position of the displacement control device, a convex surface of the sliding element can engage in a resilient manner. Thus, when the rotary shaft and the detent sleeve are deflected out of the neutral position in a rotational motion around the rotary shaft axis the sliding element is pressed away from the rotary shaft axis by the greater diameter of the detent sleeve beneath the depression.
In another embodiment the abutment area is a recess formed in the detent sleeve into which a protrusion of the sliding element can be inserted. Preferably the protrusion of the sliding ele-ment engages laterally with the recess in the detent sleeve by means of a resilient force. There-by the zero position of rotational motions of the detent sleeve is reliably indicated, when the protrusion abuts planar on the recess. For all of these embodiments it can be preferred further that the sliding element and the recess or the depression are designed such that the sliding element fixes the detent sleeve also in axially direction with regard to the rotary shaft, at least when the sliding element engages with the detent sleeve.
In operational conditions of the hydraulic machine a torque is applicable to the second end of the rotary shaft in order to rotate the rotary shaft and the detent sleeve fixed to the rotary shaft, and in order to open servo lines for guiding hydraulic fluid under pressure onto one side of the servo piston of the servo displacement unit and for guiding hydraulic fluid from the other side of the servo piston to tank. Thereby the servo piston is changed in its position and deflects the displacement element of the hydraulic machine, i.e. changes the displacement volume of the same. The invention is especially applicable when the hydraulic piston pump is of the axial construction type, in particular of the swashplate or the bent axis version. Hereby, the correspon-ding displacement element preferably can be swivelled to positive and/or negative displacement angles.
For this purpose, the torque onto the second end of the rotary shaft can be generated manually, mechanically, pneumatically, electro-mechanically or hydraulically. In one simple embodiment a lever is fixed to the second end of the rotary shaft. This lever permits an easy and finely control-lable manual rotation of the rotary shaft for a precise setting of the displacement control device.
For example, in a hydraulic axial piston pump with a tiltable swashplate the motion of the swashplate is transmitted back to the displacement control unit via a feedback element mounted on the displacement element, e.g. a feedback-pin which eccentrically engages a feedback sleeve of the displacement control device. According to the invention this feedback sleeve is mounted coaxial to the rotary shaft and can be rotated, driven by means of the feedback pin, in the housing independently and relative to the rotary shaft around the rotary shaft axis. The feed-back sleeve further comprises several openings which can be brought on the outer side in fluid connection with one charge pressure line feeding hydraulic fluid under pressure to the displace-ment control device, with another servo pressure lines for guiding hydraulic fluid from the servo unit to a low pressure region, i.e. discharging hydraulic fluid from the non-charged servo piston side. On the inner side the first end of rotary shaft is capable to enable a fluid connection between the charge pressure line and one of the servo pressure lines, disabling at the same time a fluid connection of the charge pressure line to the other servo line thereby impeding permanently a fluid connection between the charge pressure line and the discharge line.
Hence, in a preferred embodiment according to the invention, when a torque is applied onto the second end of the rotary shaft, the first end of the rotary shaft which protrudes into the feedback sleeve opens one opening allocated to one servo line and closes another opening allocated to a second servo line by rotating the feedback sleeve. By that one servo piston side is charged with hydraulic fluid under pressure, and from the other servo piston side hydraulic fluid is discharged to an area with low pressure. This causes the servo piston, and therewith the displace-ment element, to change its position, thereby changing the displacement volume of the hydraulic machine. When the displacement element is moved, the feedback element mounted thereon moves also and rotates the feedback sleeve around the rotary shaft, thereby closing the discharge line. In this way the torque applied to the second end of the rotary shaft is fed back to the displacement control device according to the invention.
In implementing this preferred embodiment of a displacement control device the feedback pin axis is selected offset to the axis of rotation of the displacement element in order to transmit a tilting movement of the displacement element via the feedback pin to the feedback sleeve. This offset is preferably different from a distance between the feedback pin axis and the rotary shaft axis. This provides for a transmission relation of the rotational/tilt motion of the displacement element and the feedback sleeve rotation. Preferably the offset of the feedback pin axis is bigger than the distance between the feedback pin axis and the rotary shaft axis. By means of this, the rotational angle of the rotary shaft can be selected bigger than the angle of rotation or tilt of the displacement element, which is commanded by the angle set at the rotary shaft. This provides for a better, smoother and less nervous (less agitated) adjustability of the hydraulic machine setting.
In an alternative embodiment according to the invention an eccentric pin having an eccentric axis is located at the first end of the rotary shaft, wherein the eccentric axis provides a rotational axis for a feedback link. A first end of the feedback link is coupled to a control spool and a second end comprises an elongated hole section for receiving a second end of the feedback element attached to the displacement element. In this way a motion of the displacement element causes a rotation of the feedback link around the eccentric axis of the eccentric pin. Due to this rotation a control spool is shifted, changing accordingly the supply of charge pressure guided to one side of the servo piston. On the other hand, the eccentric pin causes the feedback link between the feedback element of the displacement element and the control spool due to its eccentricity to move the control spool if the rotary shaft is rotated around its rotational axis. In this case the elongated hole section of the feedback link serves as center of rotation around the rotational axis of the feedback element, i.e. a turning of the rotary shaft displaces the feedback link and thereby the control spool.
With the displacement of the control spool, openings for charging or discharging of servo lines are changed in size. This leads to a different pressure delta on both sides of the servo piston thereby displacing the servo piston. As commonly known by a person skilled in the art, this has the effect to move the displacement element of the hydraulic axial piston pump causing thereby a change in displacement volume of the hydraulic axial piston pump. Due to the displacement or swiveling of the displacement element, the feedback element attached to the displacement element moves as well. As the feedback element engages with the feedback link connecting the feedback element and the control spool rotationally via the eccentric axis, the curvature-like motion of the feedback element causes a motion of the control spool too.
According to the invention, this mechanic feedback is done via the feedback link connecting the feedback element on the displacement element with the control spool, wherein the feedback link is rotationally supported at his first end at the control spool and with his second end via an elongated hole section on the feedback element. In-between the two ends the feedback link the eccentric pin is rotationally supported, wherein the eccentric pin is provided at the first end of the rotary shaft of the manual displacement control device. Thereby, either the bearing of the second end of the feedback element at the elongated hole section or the bearing of the eccentric pin in the mid-portion of the feedback link serves as a center of rotation causing a corresponding motion of the control spool, as either the second end of the feedback element moves, when the displacement element is displaced by means of the servo adjusting unit, or the eccentric pin moves, when the rotary shaft is rotated.
In the same manner as described with the above mentioned alternative embodiment comprising a feedback sleeve to feed back the position of the displacement element, the rotary shaft of the manual displacement control device can be rotated relative to the detent sleeve in an independent manner if the fastening nut joining together the detent sleeve and the rotary shaft is loose-ned. When the fixing of the detent sleeve and the rotary shaft is loosened, a precise neutral position setting individually adapted to the hydraulic axial piston pump is possible, when the hydraulic axial piston pump does not show any displacement volume. If, for instance, a lever is attached to the detent sleeve or to the rotary shaft, this lever can be brought also to a neutral position indicating position, if necessary. Hence, with the inventive neutral setting device, it is possible in an easy, simple, reliable and quick manner to adjust/align the neutral position of all involved parts, i.e. the displacement element with its feedback element, the control spool, the servo piston and the lever by simply loosening the nut fixing the detent sleeve to the rotary shaft. This simple, easy and quick neutral setting can be applied to all displacement control units/devices having a mechanical feedback of the swashplate position to the displacement control device. Furthermore manufacturing tolerances and assembly tolerances can be compensated at the same time.
Exemplary embodiments of a displacement control device according to the invention are depicted in more detail in the appended drawings, which do not limit the scope of the inventive idea. All features of the disclosed and illustrated embodiments may be combined in any desired combination with one another within the scope of the invention. For this purpose:
Feedback element 3 which is generally pin or rod shaped and having a longitudinal axis 15, is fixedly attached with a first end 23 to the swashplate 4. Thus, the feedback element 3, in particular the first end 23 participates in any tilt motion of the swashplate 4 with a curvature-like motion. The longitudinal axis 15 of feedback element 3 is laterally offset from the tilt axis 16 of swashplate 4 by a distance “a” as shown in
Feedback sleeve 2 has several ports 25A, 25B, 25P and 25T which can be put in fluid connection with charge pressure line 50, discharge pressure line 60 and with servo pressure lines 40 and 45 all located partially within housing 20 of displacement control device 1. The lines 40, 45, 50 and 60 are connected with the respective ports 25A, 25B, 25P and 25T, what is shown in
The mid portion 14 of rotary shaft 10 is surrounded by a detent sleeve 5. A second end 12 of rotary shaft 10 protrudes outside of housing 20. This second end 12, for instance, as shown in the embodiment of
Loosening of nut 19 enables a free and relative rotation of rotary shaft 10 with respect to detent sleeve 5, which permits a precise adjustment of the neutral position of a displacement control device 1 according to the invention, as the detent sleeve 5 is held in a fixed rotational and axial position by a sliding element 8. For this purpose, detent sleeve 5 comprises an abutment area 7 into which the sliding element 8 can engage. Preferably the abutment area 7 shows a flattened portion 7a onto which a flat front face 8a of the siding element 8 is pushed resiliently by means of a spring 17. Thereby spring 17 is held pre-stressed in housing 20 by a cap or—in general—by a stopper 18, preferably screwed-in in the housing 20.
As can be derived from
In the following figures and description, the same reference numerals will be used where appropriate to denote similar parts, or features, in order to facilitate an explanation of the invention.
In
In
The rotary shaft 10 is in its neutral position, when the displacement element 4 is its neutral position in which the hydraulic axial piston unit 100 do show any displacement volume. The displacement element 4 is situated in the neutral position if the pressures acting on both sides 35A and 35B of the servo piston 35 are balanced (see
By means of this arrangement the feedback link 32 is in an defined position in the zero displacement volume condition of the hydraulic axial piston unit 100 and is capable to provide via the rotational axis 31 and the eccentric pin 32 the neutral position for rotary shaft 10. As can be derived from
When implementing the invention the eccentric pin 30 can be formed integrally at the first end 11 of the rotary shaft 10 or can be a separate part attached to the rotatory shaft 10, for instance at shoulder 29. Elongated hole section 34 can be an oblong hole in the feedback link 32 or e.g. for assembling reasons in the shape of an U. Thereby an elongated hole is preferred due to the curvature-like motion the feedback element 3 at the displacement element 4 can perform. In another preferred embodiment of the invention the elongated hole section 34 is capable to exert an elastic force onto the second end 24 of the feedback element 3 for providing a clearance-free engagement of the second end 24 of the feedback element 3 and the elongated hole section 34. This can be realized e.g. when applying a U-shaped elongated hole section by inserting a spring or other elastic material into the elongated hole section.
Finally with the inventive displacement control device 1 a quick, simple, robust and comfortable neutral setting device is provided, which reliable admits the individual neutral setting of a hydraulic axial piston unit thereby compensating manufacturing and assembly tolerances within the whole hydraulic axial piston unit.
While the present disclosure has been illustrated and described with respect to particular embodiments thereof, it should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications to this disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2016 226 039.1 | Dec 2016 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2017/079028 | 11/13/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018/114141 | 6/28/2018 | WO | A |
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| International Search Report For Serial No. PCT/EP2017/079028 dated Feb. 3, 2018. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200056580 A1 | Feb 2020 | US |
