Patent Grant
11874669
The present description relates to agricultural machines, forestry machines, construction machines and turf management machines.
There are a wide variety of different types of agricultural machines. Some agricultural machines include harvesters, such as combine harvesters, sugar cane harvesters, cotton harvesters, self-propelled forage harvesters, and windrowers. Some harvesters can also be fitted with different types of heads to harvest different types of crops.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
One or more information maps are obtained by an agricultural work machine. The one or more information maps map one or more agricultural characteristic values at different geographic locations of a field. An in-situ sensor on the agricultural work machine senses an agricultural characteristic as the agricultural work machine moves through the field. A predictive map generator generates a predictive map that predicts a predictive agricultural characteristic at different locations in the field based on a relationship between the values in the one or more information maps and the agricultural characteristic sensed by the in-situ sensor. The predictive map can be output and used in automated machine control.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to examples that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the background.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the examples illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is intended. Any alterations and further modifications to the described devices, systems, methods, and any further application of the principles of the present disclosure are fully contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure relates. In particular, it is fully contemplated that the features, components, and/or steps described with respect to one example may be combined with the features, components, and/or steps described with respect to other examples of the present disclosure.
The present description relates to using in-situ data taken concurrently with an agricultural operation, in combination with data from a map, to generate a predictive map.
In some examples, a predictive map can be used to control an agricultural work machine, such as an agricultural harvester. As discussed above, performance of an agricultural harvester may be degraded or otherwise affected under different conditions. For instance, performance of a harvester (or other agricultural machine) may be deleteriously affected based on the topography of a field. The topography can cause the machine to pitch and roll a certain amount when navigating a side slope. Without limitation, machine pitch or roll can affect the grain loss, internal material distribution, grain quality and tailings characteristics. For example, grain loss can be affected by a topographic characteristic that causes agricultural harvester 100 to either pitch or roll. The increased pitch can cause grain to go out the back more quickly, decreased pitch can keep the grain in the machine, and the roll elements can overload the sides of the cleaning system and drive up more grain loss on those sides. Similarly, grain quality can be impacted by both pitch and roll, and similar to grain loss, the reactions of the material other than grain staying in the machine or leaving the machine based on the pitch or roll can be influential on the quality output. In another example, a topographic characteristic influencing pitch will have an impact on the amount of tailings entering the tailings system, thus impacting a tailings sensor output. The consideration of the pitch and the time at that level can have a relationship to how much tailings volume increases and could be useful to estimate in the need to have controls for anticipating that level and making adjustments. In other examples, characteristics such as genotype, vegetative index, yield, biomass, and weed characteristics, such as weed type or weed intensity, can affect other characteristics such as tailings, crop loss, grain quality, and internal material distribution.
A topographic map illustratively maps elevations of the ground across different geographic locations in a field of interest. Since ground slope is indicative of a change in elevation, having two or more elevation values allows for calculation of slope across the areas having known elevation values. Greater granularity of slope can be accomplished by having more areas with known elevation values. As an agricultural harvester travels across the terrain in known directions, the pitch and roll of the agricultural harvester can be determined based on the slope of the ground (i.e., areas of changing elevation). Topographic characteristics, when referred to below, can include, but are not limited to, the elevation, slope (e.g., including the machine orientation relative to the slope), and ground profile (e.g., roughness).
In some examples, a predictive biomass map can be used to control an agricultural work machine, such as an agricultural harvester. Biomass, as used herein, refers to an amount of above ground vegetation material in a given area or location. Often, the amount is measured in terms of weight, for instance, weight per given area, such as tons per acre. Various characteristics can be indicative of biomass (referred to herein as biomass characteristics) and can be used to predict the biomass on a field of interest. For example, biomass characteristics can include various crop characteristics, such as crop height (the height of the crop above the surface of the field), crop density (the amount of crop matter in a given space, which can be derived from the crop mass and crop volume), crop mass (such as a weight of the crop or the weight of crop components), or crop volume (how much of the given area or location is taken up by the crop, that is the space that the crop occupies or contains). In another example, biomass characteristics can include various machine characteristics of the agricultural harvester, such as machine settings or operating characteristics. For example, a force, such as a fluid pressure or torque, used to drive a threshing rotor of the agricultural harvester can be indicative of the biomass.
The performance of an agricultural harvester may be affected when the agricultural harvester engages areas of the field with variances in biomass. For instance, if the machine settings of the agricultural harvester are set on the basis of an expected or desired throughput, the variance in biomass can cause the throughput to vary, and, thus, the machine settings can be suboptimal for effectively processing the vegetation, including the crop. As mentioned above, the operator can attempt to predict the biomass ahead of the machine. Additionally, some systems, such as feedback control systems, reactively adjust the forward ground speed of the agricultural harvester in an attempt to maintain a desired throughput. This can be done by attempting to identify the biomass based on sensor inputs, such as from sensors that sense a variable indicative of biomass. However, such arrangements can be prone to error and can be too slow to react to an upcoming change in biomass to effectively alter the operation of the machine to control throughput, such as by changing the forward speed of the harvester. For instance, such systems are typically reactive in that adjustments to the machine settings are made only after the vegetation has been encountered by the machine in attempt to reduce further error, such as in a feedback control system.
Some current systems provide vegetative index maps. A vegetative index map illustratively maps vegetative index values (which may be indicative of vegetative growth) across different geographic locations in a field of interest. One example of a vegetative index includes a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). There are many other vegetative indices that are within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, a vegetative index may be derived from sensor readings of one or more bands of electromagnetic radiation reflected by the plants. Without limitations, these bands may be in the microwave, infrared, visible or ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A vegetative index map can be used to identify the presence and location of vegetation. In some examples, a vegetative index map enables crops to be identified and georeferenced in the presence of bare soil, crop residue, or other plants, such as weeds. In other examples, a vegetative index map enables the detection of various crop characteristics, such as crop growth and crop health or vigor, across different geographic locations in a field of interest.
A seed genotype map maps the genotype (e.g., hybrid, cultivar, species, etc.) of seed planted at different locations in the field. The seed genotype map can be generated by a planter or by a machine performing a subsequent operation, such as a sprayer with an optical detector that detects plant genotype.
A predictive yield map includes georeferenced predictive yield values.
A predictive weed map includes one or more of georeferenced predictive weed characteristics, such as weed intensity values or weed type values. The weed intensity values may include, without limitation, at least one of weed population, weed growth stage, weed size, weed biomass, weed moisture, or weed health. The weed type values may include, without limitation, an indication of weed type, such as an identification of the weed species.
The present discussion thus proceeds with respect to systems that receive at least one or more of a topographic map, a seed genotype map, a vegetative index map, a yield map, a biomass map, and a weed map and also use an in-situ sensor to detect a value indicative of one or more of an internal material distribution, grain loss or crop loss, characteristics of tailings, and grain quality, during a harvesting operation. The systems generate a model that models one or more relationships between the characteristics derived from the received maps and the output values from the in-situ sensors. The one or more models are used to generate a functional predictive map that predicts a characteristic such as a characteristic sensed by the one or more in-situ sensors or related characteristic at different geographic locations in the field, based upon the one or more prior information maps. The functional predictive map, generated during the harvesting operation, can be used in automatically controlling a harvester during the harvesting operation. The functional predictive map can also be provided to an operator or another user as well.
As shown in
Thresher 110 illustratively includes a threshing rotor 112 and a set of concaves 114. Further, agricultural harvester 100 also includes a separator 116. Agricultural harvester 100 also includes a cleaning subsystem or cleaning shoe (collectively referred to as cleaning subsystem 118) that includes a cleaning fan 120, chaffer 122, and sieve 124. The material handling subsystem 125 also includes discharge beater 126, tailings elevator 128, clean grain elevator 130, as well as unloading auger 134 and spout 136. The clean grain elevator moves clean grain into clean grain tank 132. Agricultural harvester 100 also includes a residue subsystem 138 that can include chopper 140 and spreader 142. Agricultural harvester 100 also includes a propulsion subsystem that includes an engine that drives ground engaging components 144, such as wheels or tracks. In some examples, a combine harvester within the scope of the present disclosure may have more than one of any of the subsystems mentioned above. In some examples, agricultural harvester 100 may have left and right cleaning subsystems, separators, etc., which are not shown in
In operation, and by way of overview, agricultural harvester 100 illustratively moves through a field in the direction indicated by arrow 147. As agricultural harvester 100 moves, header 102 (and the associated reel 164) engages the crop to be harvested and gathers the crop toward cutter 104. An operator of agricultural harvester 100 can be a local human operator, a remote human operator, or an automated system. The operator of agricultural harvester 100 may determine one or more of a height setting, a tilt angle setting, or a roll angle setting for header 102. For example, the operator inputs a setting or settings to a control system, described in more detail below, that controls actuator 107. The control system may also receive a setting from the operator for establishing the tilt angle and roll angle of the header 102 and implement the inputted settings by controlling associated actuators, not shown, that operate to change the tilt angle and roll angle of the header 102. The actuator 107 maintains header 102 at a height above ground 111 based on a height setting and, where applicable, at desired tilt and roll angles. Each of the height, roll, and tilt settings may be implemented independently of the others. The control system responds to header error (e.g., the difference between the height setting and measured height of header 104 above ground 111 and, in some examples, tilt angle and roll angle errors) with a responsiveness that is determined based on a sensitivity level. If the sensitivity level is set at a greater level of sensitivity, the control system responds to smaller header position errors, and attempts to reduce the detected errors more quickly than when the sensitivity is at a lower level of sensitivity.
Returning to the description of the operation of agricultural harvester 100, after crops are cut by cutter 104, the severed crop material is moved through a conveyor in feeder house 106 toward feed accelerator 108, which accelerates the crop material into thresher 110. The crop material is threshed by rotor 112 rotating the crop against concaves 114. The threshed crop material is moved by a separator rotor in separator 116 where a portion of the residue is moved by discharge beater 126 toward the residue subsystem 138. The portion of residue transferred to the residue subsystem 138 is chopped by residue chopper 140 and spread on the field by spreader 142. In other configurations, the residue is released from the agricultural harvester 100 in a windrow. In other examples, the residue subsystem 138 can include weed seed eliminators (not shown) such as seed baggers or other seed collectors, or seed crushers or other seed destroyers.
Grain falls to cleaning subsystem 118. Chaffer 122 separates some larger pieces of material from the grain, and sieve 124 separates some of finer pieces of material from the clean grain. Clean grain falls to an auger that moves the grain to an inlet end of clean grain elevator 130, and the clean grain elevator 130 moves the clean grain upwards, depositing the clean grain in clean grain tank 132. Residue is removed from the cleaning subsystem 118 by airflow generated by cleaning fan 120. Cleaning fan 120 directs air along an airflow path upwardly through the sieves and chaffers. The airflow carries residue rearwardly in agricultural harvester 100 toward the residue handling subsystem 138.
Tailings elevator 128 returns tailings to thresher 110 where the tailings are re-threshed. Alternatively, the tailings also may be passed to a separate re-threshing mechanism by a tailings elevator or another transport device where the tailings are re-threshed as well.
While not shown in
Ground speed sensor 146 senses the travel speed of agricultural harvester 100 over the ground. Ground speed sensor 146 may sense the travel speed of the agricultural harvester 100 by sensing the speed of rotation of the ground engaging components (such as wheels or tracks), a drive shaft, an axle, or other components. In some instances, the travel speed may be sensed using a positioning system, such as a global positioning system (GPS), a dead reckoning system, a long range navigation (LORAN) system, a Doppler speed sensor, or a wide variety of other systems or sensors that provide an indication of travel speed. Ground speed sensors 146 can also include direction sensors such as a compass, a magnetometer, a gravimetric sensor, a gyroscope, GPS derivation, to determine the direction of travel in two or three dimensions in combination with the speed. This way, when agricultural harvester 100 is on a slope, the orientation of agricultural harvester 100 relative to the slope is known. For example, an orientation of agricultural harvester 100 could include ascending, descending or transversely travelling the slope. Machine or ground speed, when referred to in this disclosure can also include the two or three dimension direction of travel.
Loss sensors 152 illustratively provide an output signal indicative of the quantity of grain loss occurring in both the right and left sides of the cleaning subsystem 118. In some examples, sensors 152 are strike sensors which count grain strikes per unit of time or per unit of distance traveled to provide an indication of the grain loss occurring at the cleaning subsystem 118. The strike sensors for the right and left sides of the cleaning subsystem 118 may provide individual signals or a combined or aggregated signal. In some examples, sensors 152 may include a single sensor as opposed to separate sensors provided for each cleaning subsystem 118.
Separator loss sensor 148 provides a signal indicative of grain loss in the left and right separators, not separately shown in
Agricultural harvester 100 may also include other sensors and measurement mechanisms. For instance, agricultural harvester 100 may include one or more of the following sensors: a header height sensor that senses a height of header 102 above ground 111; stability sensors that sense oscillation or bouncing motion (and amplitude) of agricultural harvester 100; a residue setting sensor that is configured to sense whether agricultural harvester 100 is configured to chop the residue, produce a windrow, etc.; a cleaning shoe fan speed sensor to sense the speed of fan 120; a concave clearance sensor that senses clearance between the rotor 112 and concaves 114; a threshing rotor speed sensor that senses a rotor speed of rotor 112; a chaffer clearance sensor that senses the size of openings in chaffer 122; a sieve clearance sensor that senses the size of openings in sieve 124; a material other than grain (MOG) moisture sensor that senses a moisture level of the MOG passing through agricultural harvester 100; one or more machine setting sensors configured to sense various configurable settings of agricultural harvester 100; a machine orientation sensor that senses the orientation of agricultural harvester 100; and crop property sensors that sense a variety of different types of crop properties, such as crop type, crop moisture, and other crop properties. Crop property sensors may also be configured to sense characteristics of the severed crop material as the crop material is being processed by agricultural harvester 100. For example, in some instances, the crop property sensors may sense grain quality such as broken grain, MOG levels; grain constituents such as starches and protein; and grain feed rate as the grain travels through the feeder house 106, clean grain elevator 130, or elsewhere in the agricultural harvester 100. The crop property sensors may also sense the feed rate of biomass through feeder house 106, through the separator 116 or elsewhere in agricultural harvester 100. The crop property sensors may also sense the feed rate as a mass flow rate of grain through elevator 130 or through other portions of the agricultural harvester 100 or provide other output signals indicative of other sensed variables. An internal material distribution sensor may sense material distribution internal to agricultural harvester 100.
Examples of sensors used to detect or sense the power characteristics include, but are not limited to, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a torque sensor, a hydraulic pressure sensor, a hydraulic flow sensor, a force sensor, a bearing load sensor and a rotational sensor. Power characteristics can be measured at varying levels of granularity. For instance, power usage can be sensed machine-wide, subsystem-wide or by individual components of the subsystems.
Examples of sensors used to detect internal material distribution include, but are not limited to, one or more cameras, capacitive sensors, electromagnetic or ultrasonic time-of-flight reflective sensors, signal attenuation sensors, weight or mass sensors, material flow sensors, etc. These sensors can be placed at one or more locations in agricultural harvester 100 to sense the distribution of the material in agricultural harvester 100, during the operation of agricultural harvester 100.
Examples of sensors used to detect or sense a pitch or roll of agricultural harvester 100 include accelerometers, gyroscopes, inertial measurement units, gravimetric sensors, magnetometers, etc. These sensors can also be indicative of the slope of the terrain that agricultural harvester 100 is currently on.
Prior to describing how agricultural harvester 100 generates a functional predictive map, and uses the functional predictive map for control, a brief description of some of the items on agricultural harvester 100, and their operation, will first be described. The description of
After the general approach is described with respect to
Prior information map 258 may be downloaded onto agricultural harvester 100 and stored in data store 202, using communication system 206 or in other ways. In some examples, communication system 206 may be a cellular communication system, a system for communicating over a wide area network or a local area network, a system for communicating over a near field communication network, or a communication system configured to communicate over any of a variety of other networks or combinations of networks. Communication system 206 may also include a system that facilitates downloads or transfers of information to and from a secure digital (SD) card or a universal serial bus (USB) card or both.
Geographic position sensor 204 illustratively senses or detects the geographic position or location of agricultural harvester 100. Geographic position sensor 204 can include, but is not limited to, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver that receives signals from a GNSS satellite transmitter. Geographic position sensor 204 can also include a real-time kinematic (RTK) component that is configured to enhance the precision of position data derived from the GNSS signal. Geographic position sensor 204 can include a dead reckoning system, a cellular triangulation system, or any of a variety of other geographic position sensors.
In-situ sensors 208 may be any of the sensors described above with respect to
Predictive model generator 210 generates a model that is indicative of a relationship between the values sensed by the in-situ sensor 208 and a characteristic mapped to the field by the prior information map 258. For example, if the prior information map 258 maps a topographic characteristic to different locations in the field, and the in-situ sensor 208 is sensing a value indicative of internal material distribution, then prior information variable-to-in-situ variable model generator 228 generates a predictive model that models the relationship between the topographic characteristics and the internal material distribution. The predictive machine model can also be generated based on characteristics from one or more of the prior information maps 258 and one or more in-situ data values generated by in-situ sensors 208. Then, predictive map generator 212 uses the predictive model generated by predictive model generator 210 to generate a functional predictive map 263 that predicts the value of a characteristic, such as internal material distribution, tailings characteristics, loss, or grain quality, sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 at different locations in the field based upon the prior information map 258.
In some examples, the type of values in the functional predictive map 263 may be the same as the in-situ data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208. In some instances, the type of values in the functional predictive map 263 may have different units from the data sensed by the in-situ sensors 208. In some examples, the type of values in the functional predictive map 263 may be different from the data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 but have a relationship to the type of data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208. For example, in some examples, the data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 may be indicative of the type of values in the functional predictive map 263. In some examples, the type of data in the functional predictive map 263 may be different than the data type in the prior information map 258. In some instances, the type of data in the functional predictive map 263 may have different units from the data in the prior information map 258. In some examples, the type of data in the functional predictive map 263 may be different from the data type in the prior information map 258 but has a relationship to the data type in the prior information map 258. For example, in some examples, the data type in the prior information map 258 may be indicative of the type of data in the functional predictive map 263. In some examples, the type of data in the functional predictive map 263 is different than one of, or both of, the in-situ data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 and the data type in the prior information map 258. In some examples, the type of data in the functional predictive map 263 is the same as one of, or both of, the in-situ data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 and the data type in prior information map 258. In some examples, the type of data in the functional predictive map 263 is the same as one of the in-situ data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 or the data type in the prior information map 258, and different than the other.
Predictive map generator 212 can use the characteristics in prior information map 258, and the model generated by predictive model generator 210, to generate a functional predictive map 263 that predicts the characteristics at different locations in the field. Predictive map generator 212 thus outputs predictive map 264.
As shown in
Some variations in the data types that are mapped in the prior information map 258, the data types sensed by in-situ sensors 208 and the data types predicted on the predictive map 264 will now be described. These are only examples to illustrate that the data types can be the same or different.
In some examples, the data type in the prior information map 258 is different from the data type sensed by in-situ sensors 208, yet the data type in the predictive map 264 is the same as the data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208. For instance, the prior information map 258 may be a topographic map, and the variable sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 may be a grain quality characteristic. The predictive map 264 may then be a predictive machine map that maps predicted machine characteristic values to different geographic locations in the field.
Also, in some examples, the data type in the prior information map 258 is different from the data type sensed by in-situ sensors 208, and the data type in the predictive map 264 is different from both the data type in the prior information map 258 and the data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208. For instance, the prior information map 258 may be a topographic map, and the variable sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 may be machine pitch/roll. The predictive map 264 may then be a predictive internal distribution map that maps predicted internal distribution values to different geographic locations in the field.
In some examples, the prior information map 258 is from a prior operation through the field and the data type is different from the data type sensed by in-situ sensors 208, yet the data type in the predictive map 264 is the same as the data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208. For instance, the prior information map 258 may be a seed genotype map generated during planting, and the variable sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 may be loss. The predictive map 264 may then be a predictive loss map that maps predicted grain loss values to different geographic locations in the field. In another example, the prior information map 258 may be a seeding genotype map, and the variable sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 may be crop state such as standing crop or down crop. The predictive map 264 may then be a predictive crop state map that maps predicted crop state values to different geographic locations in the field.
In some examples, the prior information map 258 is from a prior operation through the field and the data type is the same as the data type sensed by in-situ sensors 208, and the data type in the predictive map 264 is also the same as the data type sensed by the in-situ sensors 208. For instance, the prior information map 258 may be a yield map generated during a previous year, and the variable sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 may be yield. The predictive map 264 may then be a predictive yield map that maps predicted yield values to different geographic locations in the field. In such an example, the relative yield differences in the georeferenced prior information map 258 from the prior year can be used by predictive model generator 210 to generate a predictive model that models a relationship between the relative yield differences on the prior information map 258 and the yield values sensed by in-situ sensors 208 during the current harvesting operation. The predictive model is then used by predictive map generator 210 to generate a predictive yield map.
In some examples, predictive map 264 can be provided to the control zone generator 213. Control zone generator 213 groups contiguous individual point data values on predictive map 264, into control zones. A control zone may include two or more contiguous portions of an area, such as a field, for which a control parameter corresponding to the control zone for controlling a controllable subsystem is constant. For example, a response time to alter a setting of controllable subsystems 216 may be inadequate to satisfactorily respond to changes in values contained in a map, such as predictive map 264. In that case, control zone generator 213 parses the map and identifies control zones that are of a defined size to accommodate the response time of the controllable subsystems 216. In another example, control zones may be sized to reduce wear from excessive actuator movement resulting from continuous adjustment. In some examples, there may be a different set of control zones for each controllable subsystem 216 or for groups of controllable subsystems 216. The control zones may be added to the predictive map 264 to obtain predictive control zone map 265. Predictive control zone map 265 can thus be similar to predictive map 264 except that predictive control zone map 265 includes control zone information defining the control zones. Thus, a functional predictive map 263, as described herein, may or may not include control zones. Both predictive map 264 and predictive control zone map 265 are functional predictive maps 263. In one example, a functional predictive map 263 does not include control zones, such as predictive map 264. In another example, a functional predictive map 263 does include control zones, such as predictive control zone map 265. In some examples, multiple crops may be simultaneously present in a field if an intercrop production system is implemented. In that case, predictive map generator 212 and control zone generator 213 are able to identify the location and characteristics of the two or more crops and then generate predictive map 264 and predictive control zone map 265 accordingly.
It will also be appreciated that control zone generator 213 can cluster values to generate control zones and the control zones can be added to predictive control zone map 265, or a separate map, showing only the control zones that are generated. In some examples, the control zones may only be used for controlling or calibrating agricultural harvester 100 or both. In other examples, the control zones may be presented to the operator 260 and used to control or calibrate agricultural harvester 100 and in other examples the control zones may just be presented to the operator 260 or another user or stored for later use.
Predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both are provided to control system 214, which generates control signals based upon the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both. In some examples, communication system controller 229 controls communication system 206 to communicate the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or control signals based on the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 to other agricultural harvesters that are harvesting in the same field. In some examples, communication system controller 229 controls the communication system 206 to send the predictive map 264, predictive control zone map 265, or both to other remote systems.
In some examples, predictive map 264 can be provided to route/mission generator 267. Route/mission generator 267 plots a travel path for agricultural harvester 100 to travel on during the harvesting operation based on predictive map 264. The travel path can also include machine control settings corresponding to locations along the travel path as well. For example, if a travel path ascends a hill, then at a point prior to hill ascension, the travel path can include a control indicative of directing power to propulsion systems to maintain a speed or feed rate of agricultural harvester 100. In some examples, route/mission generator 267 analyzes the different orientations of agricultural harvester 100 and the predicted machine characteristics that the orientations are predicted to generate according to predictive map 264, for a plurality of different travel routes, and selects a route that has desirable results (such as, quick harvest time or desired power utilization or material distribution uniformity).
Operator interface controller 231 is operable to generate control signals to control operator interface mechanisms 218. The operator interface controller 231 is also operable to present the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or other information derived from or based on the predictive map 264, predictive control zone map 265, or both to operator 260. Operator 260 may be a local operator or a remote operator. As an example, controller 231 generates control signals to control a display mechanism to display one or both of predictive map 264 and predictive control zone map 265 for the operator 260. Controller 231 may generate operator actuatable mechanisms that are displayed and can be actuated by the operator to interact with the displayed map. The operator can edit the map by, for example, correcting a power utilization displayed on the map, based on the operator's observation. Settings controller 232 can generate control signals to control various settings on the agricultural harvester 100 based upon predictive map 264, the predictive control zone map 265, or both. For instance, settings controller 232 can generate control signals to control machine and header actuators 248. In response to the generated control signals, the machine and header actuators 248 operate to control, for example, one or more of the sieve and chaffer settings, concave clearance, rotor settings, cleaning fan speed settings, header height, header functionality, reel speed, reel position, draper functionality (where agricultural harvester 100 is coupled to a draper header), corn header functionality, internal distribution control and other actuators 248 that affect the other functions of the agricultural harvester 100. Path planning controller 234 illustratively generates control signals to control steering subsystem 252 to steer agricultural harvester 100 according to a desired path. Path planning controller 234 can control a path planning system to generate a route for agricultural harvester 100 and can control propulsion subsystem 250 and steering subsystem 252 to steer agricultural harvester 100 along that route. Feed rate controller 236 can control various subsystems, such as propulsion subsystem 250 and machine actuators 248, to control a feed rate based upon the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both. For instance, as agricultural harvester 100 approaches a declining terrain having an estimated speed value above a selected threshold, feed rate controller 236 may reduce the speed of machine 100 to maintain constant feed rate of biomass through the agricultural harvester 100. Header and reel controller 238 can generate control signals to control a header or a reel or other header functionality. Draper belt controller 240 can generate control signals to control a draper belt or other draper functionality based upon the predictive map 264, predictive control zone map 265, or both. For example, as agricultural harvester 100 approaches a declining terrain having an estimated speed value above a selected threshold, draper belt controller 240 may increase the speed of the draper belts to prevent backup of material on the belts. Deck plate position controller 242 can generate control signals to control a position of a deck plate included on a header based on predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both, and residue system controller 244 can generate control signals to control a residue subsystem 138 based upon predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265, or both. Machine cleaning controller 245 can generate control signals to control machine cleaning subsystem 254. For instance, as agricultural harvester 100 is about to transversely travel on a slope where it is estimated that the internal material distribution will be disproportionally on one side of cleaning subsystem 254, machine cleaning controller 245 can adjust cleaning subsystem 254 to account for, or correct, the disproportionate material. Other controllers included on the agricultural harvester 100 can control other subsystems based on the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both as well.
At 280, agricultural harvester 100 receives prior information map 258. Examples of prior information map 258 or receiving prior information map 258 are discussed with respect to blocks 281, 282, 284 and 286. As discussed above, prior information map 258 maps values of a variable, corresponding to a first characteristic, to different locations in the field, as indicated at block 282. As indicated at block 281, receiving the prior information map 258 may involve selecting one or more of a plurality of possible prior information maps that are available. For instance, one prior information map may be a terrain profile map generated from aerial phase profilometry imagery. Another prior information map may be a map generated during a prior pass through the field which may have been performed by a different machine performing a previous operation in the field, such as a sprayer or other machine. The process by which one or more prior information maps are selected can be manual, semi-automated or automated. The prior information map 258 is based on data collected prior to a current harvesting operation. This is indicated by block 284. For instance, the data may be collected by a GPS receiver mounted on a piece of equipment during a prior field operation. For instance, the data may be collected in a lidar range scanning operation during a previous year, or earlier in the current growing season, or at other times. The data may be based on data detected or received in ways other than using lidar range scanning. For instance, a drone equipped with a fringe projection profilometry system may detect the profile or elevation of the terrain. Or for instance, some topographic features can be estimated based on weather patterns, such as the formation of ruts due to erosion or the breakup of clumps over freeze-thaw cycles. In some examples, prior information map 258 may be created by combining data from a number of sources such as those listed above. Or for instance, the data for the prior information map 258, such as a topographic map can be transmitted to agricultural harvester 100 using communication system 206 and stored in data store 202. The data for the prior information map 258 can be provided to agricultural harvester 100 using communication system 206 in other ways as well, and this is indicated by block 286 in the flow diagram of
Upon commencement of a harvesting operation, in-situ sensors 208 generate sensor signals indicative of one or more in-situ data values indicative of a machine characteristic, for example, power usage, machine speed, internal material distribution, grain loss, tailings characteristics (such as tailings level, tailings flow, tailings volume, and tailings composition), or grain quality. Examples of in-situ sensors 208 are discussed with respect to blocks 222, 290, and 226. As explained above, the in-situ sensors 208 include on-board sensors 222; remote in-situ sensors 224, such as UAV-based sensors flown at a time to gather in-situ data, shown in block 290; or other types of in-situ sensors, designated by in-situ sensors 226. In some examples, data from on-board sensors is georeferenced using position, heading or speed data from geographic position sensor 204.
Predictive model generator 210 controls the prior information variable-to-in-situ variable model generator 228 to generate a model that models a relationship between the mapped values contained in the prior information map 258 and the in-situ values sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 as indicated by block 292. The characteristics or data types represented by the mapped values in the prior information map 258 and the in-situ values sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 may be the same characteristics or data type or different characteristics or data types.
The relationship or model generated by predictive model generator 210 is provided to predictive map generator 212. Predictive map generator 212 generates a predictive map 264 that predicts a value of the characteristic sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 at different geographic locations in a field being harvested, or a different characteristic that is related to the characteristic sensed by the in-situ sensors 208, using the predictive model and the prior information map 258, as indicated by block 294.
It should be noted that, in some examples, the prior information map 258 may include two or more different maps or two or more different map layers of a single map. Each map in the two or more different maps or each layer in the two or more different map layers of a single map, map a different type of variable to the geographic locations in the field. In such an example, predictive model generator 210 generates a predictive model that models the relationship between the in-situ data and each of the different variables mapped by the two or more different maps or the two or more different map layers. Similarly, the in-situ sensors 208 can include two or more sensors each sensing a different type of variable. Thus, the predictive model generator 210 generates a predictive model that models the relationships between each type of variable mapped by the prior information map 258 and each type of variable sensed by the in-situ sensors 208. Predictive map generator 212 can generate a functional predictive map that predicts a value for each sensed characteristic sensed by the in-situ sensors 208 (or a characteristic related to the sensed characteristic) at different locations in the field being harvested using the predictive model and each of the maps or map layers in the prior information map 258.
Predictive map generator 212 configures the predictive map 264 so that the predictive map 264 is actionable (or consumable) by control system 214. Predictive map generator 212 can provide the predictive map 264 to the control system 214 or to control zone generator 213 or both. Some examples of different ways in which the predictive map 264 can be configured or output are described with respect to blocks 296, 293, 295, 299 and 297. For instance, predictive map generator 212 configures predictive map 264 so that predictive map 264 includes values that can be read by control system 214 and used as the basis for generating control signals for one or more of the different controllable subsystems of the agricultural harvester 100, as indicated by block 296.
Route/mission generator 267 plots a travel path for agricultural harvester 100 to travel on during the harvesting operation based on predictive map 204, as indicated by block 293. Control zone generator 213 can divide the predictive map 264 into control zones based on the values on the predictive map 264. Contiguously-geolocated values that are within a threshold value of one another can be grouped into a control zone. The threshold value can be a default threshold value, or the threshold value can be set based on an operator input, based on an input from an automated system or based on other criteria. A size of the zones may be based on a responsiveness of the control system 214, the controllable subsystems 216, or based on wear considerations, or on other criteria as indicated by block 295. Predictive map generator 212 configures predictive map 264 for presentation to an operator or other user. Control zone generator 213 can configure predictive control zone map 265 for presentation to an operator or other user. This is indicated by block 299. When presented to an operator or other user, the presentation of the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both may contain one or more of the predictive values on the predictive map 264 correlated to geographic location, the control zones on predictive control zone map 265 correlated to geographic location, and settings values or control parameters that are used based on the predicted values on predictive map 264 or zones on predictive control zone map 265. The presentation can, in another example, include more abstracted information or more detailed information. The presentation can also include a confidence level that indicates an accuracy with which the predictive values on predictive map 264 or the zones on predictive control zone map 265 conform to measured values that may be measured by sensors on agricultural harvester 100 as agricultural harvester 100 moves through the field. Further where information is presented to more than one location, an authentication or authorization system can be provided to implement authentication and authorization processes. For instance, there may be a hierarchy of individuals that are authorized to view and change maps and other presented information. By way of example, an on-board display device may show the maps in near real time locally on the machine, only, or the maps may also be generated at one or more remote locations. In some examples, each physical display device at each location may be associated with a person or a user permission level. The user permission level may be used to determine which display elements are visible on the physical display device, and which values the corresponding person may change. As an example, a local operator of machine 100 may be unable to see the information corresponding to the predictive map 264 or make any changes to machine operation. A supervisor, at a remote location, however, may be able to see the predictive map 264 on the display, but not make changes. A manager, who may be at a separate remote location, may be able to see all of the elements on predictive map 264 and also change the predictive map 264 that is used in machine control. This is one example of an authorization hierarchy that may be implemented. The predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both can be configured in other ways as well, as indicated by block 297.
At block 298, input from geographic position sensor 204 and other in-situ sensors 208 are received by the control system. Block 300 represents receipt by control system 214 of an input from the geographic position sensor 204 identifying a geographic location of agricultural harvester 100. Block 302 represents receipt by the control system 214 of sensor inputs indicative of trajectory or heading of agricultural harvester 100, and block 304 represents receipt by the control system 214 of a speed of agricultural harvester 100. Block 306 represents receipt by the control system 214 of other information from various in-situ sensors 208.
At block 308, control system 214 generates control signals to control the controllable subsystems 216 based on the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both and the input from the geographic position sensor 204 and any other in-situ sensors 208. At block 310, control system 214 applies the control signals to the controllable subsystems. It will be appreciated that the particular control signals that are generated, and the particular controllable subsystems 216 that are controlled, may vary based upon one or more different things. For example, the control signals that are generated and the controllable subsystems 216 that are controlled may be based on the type of predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both that is being used. Similarly, the control signals that are generated and the controllable subsystems 216 that are controlled and the timing of the control signals can be based on various latencies of crop flow through the agricultural harvester 100 and the responsiveness of the controllable subsystems 216.
By way of example, a generated predictive map 264 in the form of a functional predictive crop loss map can be used to control one or more subsystems 216. For instance, the functional predictive loss map can include crop loss values georeferenced to locations within the field being harvested. The crop loss values from the functional predictive loss map can be extracted and used to control the fan speed to ensure the cleaning fan 120 minimizes crop loss through the cleaning subsystem 118 as agricultural harvester 100 moves through the field. The preceding example involving using a predictive crop loss map is provided merely as an example. Consequently, a wide variety of other control signals can be generated using values obtained from a predictive machine map or other type of predictive map to control one or more of the controllable subsystems 216.
At block 312, a determination is made as to whether the harvesting operation has been completed. If harvesting is not completed the processing advances to block 314 where in-situ sensor data from geographic position sensor 204 and in-situ sensors 208 (and perhaps other sensors) continues to be read.
In some examples, at block 316, agricultural harvester 100 can also detect learning trigger criteria to perform machine learning on one or more of the predictive map 264, predictive control zone map 265, the model generated by predictive model generator 210, the zones generated by control zone generator 213, one or more control algorithms implemented by the controllers in the control system 214, and other triggered learning.
The learning trigger criteria can include any of a wide variety of different criteria. Some examples of detecting trigger criteria are discussed with respect to blocks 318, 320, 321, 322 and 324. For instance, in some examples, triggered learning can involve recreation of a relationship used to generate a predictive model when a threshold amount of in-situ sensor data is obtained from in-situ sensors 208. In such examples, receipt of an amount of in-situ sensor data from the in-situ sensors 208 that exceeds a threshold trigger or causes the predictive model generator 210 to generate a new predictive model that is used by predictive map generator 212. Thus, as agricultural harvester 100 continues a harvesting operation, receipt of the threshold amount of in-situ sensor data from the in-situ sensors 208 triggers the creation of a new relationship represented by a predictive model generated by predictive model generator 210. Further, new predictive map 264, predictive control zone map 265, or both can be regenerated using the new predictive model. Block 318 represents detecting a threshold amount of in-situ sensor data used to trigger creation of a new predictive model.
In other examples, the learning trigger criteria may be based on how much the in-situ sensor data from the in-situ sensors 208 are changing from previous values or from a threshold value. For example, if variations within the in-situ sensor data (or the relationship between the in-situ sensor data and the information in prior information map 258) is within a range, is less than a defined amount, or below a threshold value, then a new predictive model is not generated by the predictive model generator 210. As a result, the predictive map generator 212 does not generate a new predictive map 264, predictive control zone map 265, or both. However, if variations within the in-situ sensor data exceed the range or exceed the predefined amount or the threshold value, for example, or if a relationship between the in-situ sensor data and the information in prior information map 258 varies by a defined amount, for example, then the predictive model generator 210 generates a new predictive model using all or a portion of the newly received in-situ sensor data that the predictive map generator 212 uses to generate a new predictive map 264. At block 320, variations in the in-situ sensor data, such as a magnitude of an amount by which the data exceeds the selected range or a magnitude of the variation of the relationship between the in-situ sensor data and the information in the prior information map 258, can be used as a trigger to cause generation of a new predictive model and predictive map. The threshold, the range and the defined amount can be set to default values, or set by an operator or user interaction through a user interface, or set by an automated system or in other ways.
Other learning trigger criteria can also be used. For instance, if predictive model generator 210 switches to a different prior information map (different from the originally selected prior information map 258), then switching to the different prior information map may trigger relearning by predictive model generator 210, predictive map generator 212, control zone generator 213, control system 214, or other items. In another example, transitioning of agricultural harvester 100 to a different topography or to a different control zone may be used as learning trigger criteria as well.
In some instances, operator 260 can also edit the predictive map 264 or predictive control zone map 265 or both. The edits can change a value on the predictive map 264 or, change the size, shape, position or existence of a control zone, or a value on predictive control zone map 265 or both. Block 321 shows that edited information can be used as learning trigger criteria.
In some instances, it may also be that operator 260 observes that automated control of a controllable subsystem, is not what the operator desires. In such instances, the operator 260 may provide an operator-initiated adjustment to the controllable subsystem reflecting that the operator 260 desires the controllable subsystem to operate in a different way than is being commanded by control system 214. Thus, operator-initiated alteration of a setting by the operator 260 can cause predictive model generator 210 to relearn a model, predictive map generator 212 to regenerate predictive map 264, control zone generator 213 to regenerate the control zones on predictive control zone map 265 and control system 214 to relearn its control algorithm or to perform machine learning on one of the controller components 232-246 in control system 214 based upon the adjustment by the operator 260, as shown in block 322. Block 324 represents the use of other triggered learning criteria.
In other examples, relearning may be performed periodically or intermittently based, for example, upon a selected time interval such as a discrete time interval or a variable time interval. This is indicated by block 326.
If relearning is triggered, whether based upon learning trigger criteria or based upon passage of a time interval, as indicated by block 326, then one or more of the predictive model generator 210, predictive map generator 212, control zone generator 213 and control system 214 performs machine learning to generate a new predictive model, a new predictive map, new control zones, and a new control algorithm, respectively, based upon the learning trigger criteria. The new predictive model, the new predictive map, and the new control algorithm are generated using any additional data that has been collected since the last learning operation was performed. Performing relearning is indicated by block 328.
If the harvesting operation has been completed, operation moves from block 312 to block 330 where one or more of the predictive map 264, predictive control zone map 265, and predictive model generated by predictive model generator 210 are stored. The predictive map 264, predictive control zone map 265, and predictive model may be stored locally on data store 202 or sent to a remote system using communication system 206 for later use.
It will be noted that while some examples herein describe predictive model generator 210 and predictive map generator 212 receiving a prior information map in generating a predictive model and a functional predictive map, respectively, in other examples, the predictive model generator 210 and predictive map generator 212 can receive, in generating a predictive model and a functional predictive map, respectively, other types of maps, including predictive maps, such as a functional predictive map generated during the harvesting operation.
In some examples, one or more sensors 344, 346, 348, and 350 may generate electronic signals indicative of the characteristic that the sensor senses. Processing system 352 processes one or more of the sensor signals obtained via the sensors to generate processed data identifying one or more characteristics. The characteristics identified by the processing system 352 may include an internal material distribution, loss, grain quality, or a tailings characteristic.
In-situ sensor 208 may be or include optical sensors, such as a camera disposed to view internal portions of agricultural harvester that process the agricultural material. Thus, in some examples, the processing system 352 is operable to detect the internal distribution of the agricultural material passing through the agricultural harvester 100 based on an image captured by internal distribution sensor 350. In other examples, the process camera may be clean grain camera 150, and processing system 352 is operable to detect grain quality. In other examples, the process camera may be configured to capture images of tailings material, and processing system 352 is operable to detect tailings characteristics. In other examples, loss sensor 346 may be or include separator loss sensors 148 or loss sensors 152 that sense loss in cleaning system 118 and processing system 352. The loss sensor 346 is operable to detect crop loss.
In other examples, in-situ sensor 208 may be or includes a GPS sensor that senses machine position. In this case, processing system 352 can derive speed and direction from the sensor signals as well. In another example, in-situ sensor 208 can include one or more MOG moisture sensors that detect moisture characteristics of MOG in one or more subsystems on agricultural harvester 100. Processing system 352, in this case, may detect and output MOG moisture information.
Other machine properties and sensors may also be used. In some examples, raw or processed data from sensors 344, 346, 348, and 350 may be presented to operator 260 via operator interface mechanism 218. Operator 260 may be onboard the agricultural harvester 100 or at a remote location.
Topographic characteristic-to-tailings characteristic model generator 356 receives processed data 354 and a topographic map 332 and models a relationship between the topographic characteristics on topographic map 332 and tailings characteristics sensed by tailings characteristic sensor 334. The tailings level can be influenced by the slope of agricultural harvester 100 both in the fore/aft (tilt) and in the side-to-side (roll) directions. In one example, a machine slope factor, indicating the orientation of agricultural harvester 100, is derived from topographic map 332, although the machine slope factor can be obtained from a machine orientation sensor on agricultural harvester 100 as well. There may be different relationships between tailings level and pitch up vs. pitch down vs. roll angles. Thus, in one example, topographic characteristic-to-tailings characteristic model generator 356 may generate multiple different models, each modeling a different relationship or a single model modeling some or all of the relationships. For example, model generator 356 may generate a model that models a relationship between tailings level and pitch up. Model generator 356 may generate a separate model that models a relationship between tailings level and pitch down. In another example, multiple relationships can be modeled by a single model. Similarly, the longer that agricultural harvester 100 spends in a given orientation (e.g., pitch up, pitch down, etc.), the greater the build-up of tailings volume or tailings level at different locations in agricultural harvester 100. Therefore, model generator 356 may also generate a model that models the relationship between the rate of tailings level increase or decrease and the slope conditions so that tailings level can be predicted more accurately over time. In addition, model generator 356 may generate a model that considers the chaffer, sieve, and fan speed settings given that these settings influence the tailings level and the rate of change of the tailings level. In addition, the type of material (e.g., the composition of the material) in the tailings may be influenced by the slope of agricultural harvester as well. The types of material that may be identified in the tailings may include clean or free grain, unthreshed grain, and MOG type (e.g., small, large, green, etc.). The composition may include other things as well, such as the type of material in the tailings or the relative amounts of different materials in the tailings. Thus, model generator 356 may generate a model that models a relationship between the type of material or composition in the tailings and the slope of agricultural harvester 100.
Topographic characteristic-to-grain quality model generator 358 may generate a model that models a relationship between topographic characteristics on topographic map 332 and grain quality sensed by grain quality sensor 348. The grain quality in the agricultural harvester 100 can be influenced by the slope of agricultural harvester 100 both in the fore/aft and in the side-to-side directions. A slope factor, indicating the orientation of agricultural harvester 100, may be derived from topographic map 332 or from an orientation sensor on agricultural harvester 100. There may be different relationships between grain quality characteristics and pitch up vs. pitch down vs. roll angles. Thus, model generator 358 may generate different models that model these different relationships or a single model that models multiple relationships. Similarly, different grain quality characteristics may be modeled by separate models or may be part of a cumulative model. Such grain quality characteristics may include clean grain, broken grain, unthreshed grain, MOG levels, and MOG types. Also, the longer that agricultural harvester 100 spends in a particular orientation, the more the grain quality characteristics may be affected. Therefore, model generator 358 may generate a model that models a relationship between the rate of change of the grain quality characteristic and slope conditions so that the grain quality characteristics can be more accurately predicted over longer periods of time. Also, the chaffer, sieve, fan speed, separator speed, thresher speed, and concave clearance settings can influence the grain quality characteristics and the changes and rates of change in the grain quality characteristics. Thus, model generator 358 can generate separate models modeling the relationships between one or more of the chaffer, sieve, fan speed, separator speed, thresher speed, and concave clearance and the grain quality characteristics and the rates of change in the grain quality characteristics, or model generator 358 can generate cumulative models that model more than one of those relationships.
Grain loss from agricultural harvester 100 may be heavily influenced by the slope on which the agricultural harvester 100 is operating. Thus, grain loss may be heavily influenced by the orientation of agricultural harvester 100. The pitch of agricultural harvester 100 influences the dwell time of the grain on the cleaning subsystem 118 and may influence how effectively the grain can be separated. The side slope (or roll orientation) of agricultural harvester 100 may determine how much grain piles up or overloads one side of the cleaning subsystem 118, essentially underutilizing the other side of the cleaning subsystem 118 and resulting in losses on one side of agricultural harvester 100 due to material piling up on one side of the cleaning subsystem 118. While this phenomenon is repeatable, grain levels inside of agricultural harvester 100 are variable depending on slope severity, the amount of time that agricultural harvester 100 spends on a slope, machine settings, and crop conditions. Thus, topographic characteristic-to-loss model generator 360 models a relationship between a topographic characteristic from map 332 and the output of loss sensor 346.
Similarly, topographic characteristic-to-internal distribution model generator 362 may generate a model that models a relationship between the topographic characteristic on map 332 (such as the slope, which may determine the orientation of agricultural harvester 100) and the internal distribution of material within agricultural harvester 100. The internal distribution may affect loss and other items within agricultural harvester 100. Also, the amount of time on the slope can influence both the loss, the rate of change of loss, the material distribution, and the rate of change of the material distribution. Therefore, topographic characteristic-to-loss model generator 360 can model the relationships between the amount of time that agricultural harvester 100 is in a given orientation and loss. Topographic characteristic-to-internal distribution model 362 can model a relationship between the amount of time that agricultural harvester 100 is in a given orientation and internal material distribution within agricultural harvester 100.
Vegetative index-to-tailings characteristic model generator 364 may generate a model that models a relationship between characteristics on VI map 336 and tailings characteristics sensed by tailings characteristic sensor 334. Model generator 364 may also receive an input from other sensors, such as a grain moisture sensor or a MOG moisture sensor. The amount of crop material being processed by agricultural harvester 100 may be estimated or indicated by the characteristics on VI map 336. This may also impact the tailings characteristics such as the tailings composition, the tailings levels, the tailings flow, or the tailings volume in agricultural harvester 100. Thus, vegetative index-to-tailings characteristic model generator 364 models a relationship between the vegetative index characteristics on VI map 336 and the outputs from tailings characteristic sensor 344.
Vegetative index-to-grain quality model generator 366 may generate a model that models a relationship between the VI characteristics on VI map 336 and the output of grain quality sensor 348. The grain quality characteristics sensed by grain quality sensor 348 may include, as discussed above, clean grain, broken grain, unthreshed grain, MOG levels, and MOG types entering the clean grain tank. It may be difficult, for example, when harvesting canola, to generate a fan speed that retains all of the grain but blows out all of the pods, pieces of stem and pith, etc. The effectiveness of this fan in doing this may be dependent upon the biomass of the plant material, which, itself, may be dependent on the moisture content of the plant which can be indicated by VI characteristics. Thus, the relationship between the characteristics on VI map 336 and the grain quality characteristics sensed by sensor 348 can be used by model generator 366 to generate a model that models that relationship.
In addition, when more biomass or more grain comes through agricultural harvester 100 at a particular time, this can lead to higher loss values. Similarly, the amplitude and frequency of biomass variance can lead to loss values as well. For example, a short duration of higher crop volume or density may have a short impact, but if the higher crop volume or density repeats frequently, this can lead to higher loss values. Thus, vegetative index-to-loss model generator 368 may generate a model that models the relationship between the values on VI map 336 and the output of loss sensors 346.
As discussed above, the amount of biomass being processed by agricultural harvester 100 may also affect the internal distribution of material within agricultural harvester 100. Higher levels of biomass may lead to higher levels of material in different areas of agricultural harvester 100. Therefore, model generator 370 can generate a model that models a relationship between the characteristics on VI map 336 and the output of internal distribution sensor 350.
Different plant genotypes have different characteristics that can manifest themselves in how well grain is separated from the MOG or how robust parts of the plant (such as corn cobs or grain) are. These characteristics can affect the tailings characteristics, such as the composition of unthreshed grain in the tailings, the amount of MOG in the tailings, whether the MOG is broken into larger or smaller pieces, etc. Therefore, genotype-to-tailings characteristic model generator 372 can generate a relationship between genotype values on seed genotype map 335 and tailings characteristic sensor values generated by tailings characteristic sensor 334.
Similarly, different genotypes may perform differently with respect to grain quality. For example, under a given set of machine settings on agricultural harvester 100, different genotypes may result in different amounts of broken grain, unthreshed grain, MOG levels, and MOG types. Genotype-to-grain quality model generator 374 thus generates a model that models a relationship between the seed genotype characteristics on seed genotype map 335 and the grain quality characteristics sensed by grain quality sensor 348.
The size or mass of grain can also differ by genotype. This may result in different loss levels in that larger grain may have a higher tendency to bounce out of agricultural harvester 100 while smaller grain may have a larger tendency to be blown out by the cleaning fan. Different genotypes may also have different plant compositions and thus impact loss levels due to how the crop breaks down during processing within agricultural harvester 100. Thus, genotype-to-loss model generator 376 may generate a model that models a relationship between the seed genotype characteristics on map 335 and the output of loss sensor 346.
Different genotypes may also lead to different internal distributions. For example, crops with different relative maturities may have, at the time of harvest, different MOG moisture levels, which can lead to more or less material being processed by agricultural harvester 100 at any given time. Thus, genotype-to-internal distribution model generator 378 may generate a model that models a relationship between the seed genotype characteristics on seed genotype map 335 and the outputs of internal distribution sensor 350. map 335 and the outputs of internal distribution sensor 350.
Yield may also affect the tailings characteristics. Higher yield areas in a field may generate more tailings with a different composition than lower yield areas. Thus, yield-to-tailings characteristic model generator 380 may generate a model that models a relationship between the predictive yield values on yield map 338 and the outputs from tailings characteristic sensor 334.
The yield may also affect the grain quality. For instance, in areas of increased yield, separating the MOG from the grain may be more difficult, resulting in more MOG in the clean grain tank 132 of the agricultural harvester 100. Therefore, yield-to-grain quality model generator 382 may generate a model that models a relationship between the predictive yield values on yield map 338 and the grain quality characteristics sensed by grain quality sensor 348.
Yield may also affect loss. When more grain is coming through agricultural harvester 100, higher loss levels may result. Thus, higher yield areas may produce higher loss levels as well. Yield-to-loss model generator 384 may thus generate a model that models a relationship between predictive yield values on yield map 338 and the loss values output by loss sensor 346.
Yield can also have an effect on the internal distribution of material within agricultural harvester 100. Higher yield areas are often accompanied by larger biomass levels being processed by agricultural harvester 100. The larger biomass levels that often accompany higher yield areas can affect the amount and distribution of material within agricultural harvester 100. Therefore, yield-to-internal distribution model generator 386 may generate a model that models a relationship between the predictive yield values on yield map 338 and the internal distribution characteristics sensed by internal distribution sensor 350.
The amount of biomass being processed by agricultural harvester 100 may also affect the tailings characteristics. When more biomass is being processed by agricultural harvester 100 at a given time, larger tailings volumes may result, and the composition of the tailings may also be affected. In areas of heavy crop and, thus, increased biomass levels, the likelihood that more unthreshed grain will present in the tailings may be increased if machine settings on agricultural harvester 100 are not adjusted to account for the increased biomass. In areas of light crop and, thus, decreased biomass levels, an increase in chaff load, and, thus, an increase in tailings, may result unless machine settings on agricultural harvester 100 are adjusted to account for the reduced biomass. Therefore, biomass-to-tailings characteristic model generator 388 may generate a model that models a relationship between biomass characteristic values on biomass map 340 and tailings characteristics sensed by tailings characteristic sensor 344.
Biomass may also affect grain quality. Higher biomass levels may affect threshing and cleaning, meaning that there may be more unthreshed grain. As a result, more grain that is not cleaned adequately may be entering the clean grain tank. Thus, biomass-to-grain quality model generator 390 may generate a model that models a relationship between biomass characteristics on biomass map 340 and grain quality characteristics sensed by grain quality sensor 348.
Biomass may also be related to grain loss. For instance, higher biomass levels often mean increased MOG in the agricultural harvester 100 which can lead to increased grain loss Therefore, biomass-to-loss model generator 392 may generate a model that models a relationship between the biomass characteristics on biomass map 340 and the loss characteristics sensed by loss sensor 346.
Biomass levels may also be related to the internal distribution of material within agricultural harvester 100. For instance, variation in biomass levels being processed by harvester 100 may lead to uneven levels of material distribution in agricultural harvester 100, such that material levels can be variable per location within the agricultural harvester, such as an increase of material in one location and a decrease of material in another location as a result of changes in the biomass being processed by the agricultural harvester 100. Therefore, biomass-to-internal distribution model generator 394 may generate a model that models a relationship between biomass characteristics on biomass map 340 and internal distribution characteristics sensed by internal distribution characteristics sensed by internal distribution sensor 350.
Tailings characteristics may be strongly influenced by weed characteristics, such as the amount of weeds (e.g., weed intensity) that are taken into agricultural harvester 100. The weed material is typically tougher and greener than the crop material and, thus, has a greater likelihood of reaching the tailings system, which can cause high tailings volumes and plugs in agricultural harvester 100. Therefore, weed characteristic-to-tailings characteristic model generator 396 may generate a model that models a relationship between weed characteristics on weed map 342 and tailings characteristics sensed by tailings characteristic sensor 344. In addition, when agricultural harvester 100 spends longer periods of time in an area that has a relatively high weed intensity, relative to other areas of the field, this can lead to increasing levels of tailings. Therefore, model generator 396 may generate a model that models a relationship between the rate of change in tailings and a size of a location in the field that has a relatively high weed intensity.
Weed characteristics, such as weed intensity or weed type, may also be related to grain quality. For instance, higher weed intensity levels may lead to heavier MOG levels in the cleaning shoe, which increases the amounts of MOG that are delivered to the clean grain tank. Therefore, weed characteristic-to-grain quality model generator 398 may generate a model that models a relationship between weed characteristics on weed map 342 and grain quality characteristics sensed by grain quality sensor 348.
Weed characteristics, such as weed intensity and weed type, may also be related to loss. For instance, a higher weed intensity may result in heavier MOG levels which may increase grain loss. Therefore, weed characteristic-to-loss model generator 400 may generate a model that models a relationship between the weed characteristics on weed map 342 and the loss characteristics sensed by loss sensor 346.
Weed characteristics, such as weed intensity or weed type, may also be related to the internal distribution of material within agricultural harvester 100. Therefore, weed characteristic-to-internal distribution model generator 402 may generate a model that models a relationship between the weed characteristic values on weed map 342 and the internal distribution characteristics sensed by internal distribution sensor 350.
Returning again to
The present discussion proceeds with respect to an example in which in-situ sensor 208 is an internal distribution sensor 350 that senses internal material distribution in agricultural harvester 100. It will be appreciated that this is just one example, and the sensors mentioned above, as other examples of in-situ sensor 208, are contemplated herein, as are other information maps 259, as well. Predictive model generator 210 (shown in more detail in
The present discussion proceeds with respect to an example in which machine sensor 208 is a grain loss sensor 346. It will be appreciated that this is just one example, and the sensors mentioned above, as other examples of in-situ sensor 208, as well as the other information maps 259 are contemplated herein as well. Predictive model generator 210 (shown in more detail in
The present discussion proceeds with respect to an example in which in-situ sensor 208 is a tailings characteristic sensor 344. It will be appreciated that this is just one example, and the sensors mentioned above, as other examples of in-situ sensor 336, as well as the other information maps 259 are contemplated herein as well. Predictive model generator 210 (shown in more detail in
The present discussion proceeds with respect to an example in which in-situ sensor 208 is a grain quality sensor 348. It will be appreciated that this is just one example, and the sensors mentioned above, as other examples of in-situ sensor 208, as well as the other information maps 259 are contemplated herein as well. Predictive model generator 210 (shown in more detail in
The predictive model generator 210 is operable to produce a plurality of predictive models, such as one or more of the predictive models generated by the model generators shown in
The predictive machine model 408 is provided to predictive map generator 212. In the example of
Tailings characteristic map generator 410 illustratively generates a predictive tailings map 418 that predicts tailing characteristics at different locations in the field based upon the characteristics in the information map 259 at those locations in the field and the predictive model 408.
Loss map generator 412 illustratively generates a predictive loss map 420 that predicts grain loss at different locations in the field based upon the characteristics in the information map 259 at those locations in the field and the predictive model 408.
Grain quality map generator 414 illustratively generates a predictive grain quality map 422 that predicts a characteristic indicative of grain quality at different locations in the field based upon the characteristics in the information map 259 at those locations in the field and the predictive model 408.
Internal distribution map generator 416 illustratively generates a predictive internal distribution map 424 that predicts material distribution at different locations in the field based upon the characteristics in the information map 259 at those locations in the field and the predictive model 408.
Predictive map generator 212 outputs one or more of the functional predictive maps 418, 420, 422, and 424 that are predictive of a characteristic. Each of the functional predictive maps 418, 420, 422, and 424 are functional predictive maps that predict the respective characteristic at different locations in a field. Each of the functional predictive maps 418, 420, 422, and 444 may be provided to control zone generator 213, control system 214, or both. Control zone generator 213 generates control zones and incorporates those control zones into the functional predictive maps 418, 420, 422, and 424. Any or all of the functional predictive maps 418, 420, 422, or 424 and the corresponding functional predictive maps 418, 420, 422, or 424 with control zones may be provided to control system 214, which generates control signals to control one or more of the controllable subsystems 216 based upon one or all of the functional predictive maps. Any or all of the functional predictive maps 418, 420, 422, or 424 (with or without control zones) may be presented to operator 260 or another user.
At block 434, processing system 352 processes the one or more received sensor signals to generate data indicative of a characteristic. In some instances, as indicated at block 436, the sensor data may be indicative of a tailings characteristic. In some instances, as indicated at block 438, the sensor data may be indicative of grain loss. In some instances, as indicated by block 440, the sensor data may be indicative of grain quality. In some instances, as indicated at block 442, the sensor data may be indicative of internal material distribution within agricultural harvester 100.
At block 444, predictive model generator 210 also obtains the geographic location 334 corresponding to the sensor data. For instance, the predictive model generator 210 can obtain the geographic position from geographic position sensor 204 and determine, based upon machine delays, machine speed, etc., a precise geographic location where the sensor data was captured or derived. Additionally, at block 444, the orientation of the agricultural harvester 100 on the field may be determined. The orientation of agricultural harvester 100 may be obtained, for instance, to identify its orientation relative to the slope on the field.
At block 446, predictive model generator 210 generates one or more predictive models, such as machine model 408, that model a relationship between one or more characteristics on an information map 259 and a characteristic being sensed by the in-situ sensor 208 or a related characteristic.
At block 448, the predictive model, such as predictive model 408, is provided to predictive map generator 212, and the predictive map generator 212 generates a functional predictive map that maps a predicted characteristic based on the georeferenced data in an information map 259 and the predictive model 408. In some examples, the functional predictive map is predictive tailings characteristic map 418. In some examples, the functional predictive map is predictive loss map 420. In some examples, the functional predictive map is predictive grain quality map 422. In some examples, the functional predictive map is predictive internal distribution map 424.
The functional predictive map can be generated during the course of an agricultural operation. Thus, as an agricultural harvester is moving through a field performing an agricultural operation, the functional predictive map is generated as the agricultural operation is being performed.
At block 450, predictive map generator 212 outputs the functional predictive map. At block 452, predictive map generator 212 outputs the functional predictive map for presentation and possible interaction by operator 260. At block 454, predictive map generator 212 may configure the functional predictive map for consumption by control system 214. At block 456, predictive map generator 212 can also provide the functional predictive map to control zone generator 213 for generation of control zones. At block 428, predictive map generator 212 configures the functional predictive map in other ways as well. The functional predictive map (with or without the control zones) is provided to control system 214. At block 460, control system 214 generates control signals to control the controllable subsystems 216 based upon the functional predictive map.
The control system 214 may generate control signals to control actuators that control one or more of the speed and size of openings in sieve 124 and chaffer 122, the speed of cleaning fan 120 and rotor 112, the rotor pressure driving rotor 112, and the clearance between rotor 112 and concaves 114, or other things.
Control system 214 can generate control signals to control header or other machine actuator(s) 248. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control propulsion subsystem 250. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control steering subsystem 252. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control residue subsystem 138. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control machine cleaning subsystem 254. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control thresher 110. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control material handling subsystem 125. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control crop cleaning subsystem 118. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control communication system 206. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control operator interface mechanisms 218. Control system 214 can generate control signals to control various other controllable subsystems 256.
In an example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, header/reel controller 238 controls header or other machine actuators 248 to control a height, tilt, or roll of header 102. In an example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, feed rate controller 236 controls propulsion subsystem 250 to control a travel speed of agricultural harvester 100. In an example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, the path planning controller 234 controls steering subsystem 252 to steer agricultural harvester 100. In another example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, the residue system controller 244 controls residue subsystem 138. In another example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, the settings controller 232 controls thresher settings of thresher 110. In another example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, the settings controller 232 or another controller 246 controls material handling subsystem 125. In another example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, the settings controller 232 controls crop cleaning subsystem 118. In another example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, the machine cleaning controller 245 controls machine cleaning subsystem 254 on agricultural harvester 100. In another example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, the communication system controller 229 controls communication system 206. In another example in which control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added, the operator interface controller 231 controls operator interface mechanisms 218 on agricultural harvester 100. In another example in which control system 214 receives the functional predictive map or the functional predictive map with control zones added, the deck plate position controller 242 controls machine/header actuators 248 to control a deck plate on agricultural harvester 100. In another example in which control system 214 receives the functional predictive map or the functional predictive map with control zones added, the draper belt controller 240 controls machine/header actuators 248 to control a draper belt on agricultural harvester 100. In another example in which control system 214 receives the functional predictive map or the functional predictive map with control zones added, the other controllers 246 control other controllable subsystems 256 on agricultural harvester 100.
In some examples, control system 214 receives a functional predictive map or a functional predictive map with control zones added and generates control signals to one or more of the controllable subsystems 216 to control or compensate for the internal material distribution within agricultural harvester 100. For instance, control system 214 can generate one or more control signals to control material handling subsystem 125 to control or compensate for the internal material distribution within agricultural harvester 100 based on the received functional predictive map (with or without control zones). For example, control system 214 can generate one or more control signals to control the settings or operating characteristics of components of material handling subsystem 125 such as controlling feed accelerator 108, controlling thresher 110, such as controlling the speed of threshing rotor 112, the concave clearance (spacing between threshing rotor 112 and concaves 114), controlling separator 116, controlling discharge beater 126, controlling tailings elevator 128, controlling clean grain elevator 130, controlling unloading auger 134, or controlling spout 136, based on the values in the functional predictive map (with or without control zones). In another example, control system 214 can generate one or more control signals to control cleaning subsystem 118 to control or compensate for the internal material distribution within agricultural harvester based on the received functional predictive map (with or without control zones). For example, control system 214 can generate one or more control signals to control the settings or operating characteristics of components of cleaning subsystem 118 such as controlling cleaning fan 120, such as increasing or decreasing the speed of cleaning fan 120, controlling chaffer 122, such as controlling the chaffer clearance (controlling the size of the openings in chaffer 122), or controlling sieve 124, such as controlling the sieve clearance (controlling the size of the openings in sieve 124, based on the values in the functional predictive map (with or without control zones). In another example, control system 214 can generate one or more control signals to control residue subsystem 138 to control or compensate for the internal material distribution within agricultural harvester 100 based on the received functional predictive map (with or without control zones). For example, control system 214 can generate one or more control signals to control the settings or operating characteristics of components of residue subsystem 138 such as controlling chopper 140 or controlling spreader 142 based on the values in the functional predictive map (with or without control zones).
In some examples, control system 214 can generate one or more control signals to control the settings (e.g., position, orientation, etc.) of the adjustable material engaging elements disposed within the material flow path within agricultural harvester to control or compensate for the internal material distribution within agricultural harvester 100. For example, the one or more control signals can control an actuator to actuate movement of the adjustable material engaging elements to change a position or orientation of the adjustable material engaging elements to direct at least a portion of the material stream right or left relative to the direction of flow. In some examples, the direction may be from areas of greater material depth to areas of less material depth laterally or fore and aft relative to the direction of material flow.
It can thus be seen that the present system takes one or more information maps that map characteristics to different locations in a field. The present system also uses one or more in-situ sensors that sense in-situ sensor data that is indicative of a characteristic, and generates a model that models a relationship between the characteristic sensed using the in-situ sensor, or a related characteristic, and the characteristic mapped in the information map. Thus, the present system generates a functional predictive map using a model, in-situ data, and an information map and may configure the generated functional predictive map for consumption by a control system or for presentation to a local or remote operator or other user. For example, the control system may use the map to control one or more systems of an agricultural harvester.
Agricultural harvester 100, or other work machines, may have a wide variety of different types of controllable actuators that perform different functions. The controllable actuators on agricultural harvester 100 or other work machines are collectively referred to as work machine actuators (WMAs). Each WMA may be independently controllable based upon values on a functional predictive map, or the WMAs may be controlled as sets based upon one or more values on a functional predictive map. Therefore, control zone generator 213 may generate control zones corresponding to each individually controllable WMA or corresponding to the sets of WMAs that are controlled in coordination with one another.
WMA selector 486 selects a WMA or a set of WMAs for which corresponding control zones are to be generated. Control zone generation system 488 then generates the control zones for the selected WMA or set of WMAs. For each WMA or set of WMAs, different criteria may be used in identifying control zones. For example, for one WMA, the WMA response time may be used as the criteria for defining the boundaries of the control zones. In another example, wear characteristics (e.g., how much a particular actuator or mechanism wears as a result of movement thereof) may be used as the criteria for identifying the boundaries of control zones. Control zone criteria identifier component 494 identifies particular criteria that are to be used in defining control zones for the selected WMA or set of WMAs. Control zone boundary definition component 496 processes the values on a functional predictive map under analysis to define the boundaries of the control zones on that functional predictive map based upon the values in the functional predictive map under analysis and based upon the control zone criteria for the selected WMA or set of WMAs.
Target setting identifier component 498 sets a value of the target setting that will be used to control the WMA or set of WMAs in different control zones. For instance, if the selected WMA is propulsion system 250 and the functional predictive map under analysis is a functional predictive speed map 438, then the target setting in each control zone may be a target speed setting based on speed values contained in the functional predictive speed map 238 within the identified control zone.
In some examples, where agricultural harvester 100 is to be controlled based on a current or future location of the agricultural harvester 100, multiple target settings may be possible for a WMA at a given location. In that case, the target settings may have different values and may be competing. Thus, the target settings need to be resolved so that only a single target setting is used to control the WMA. For example, where the WMA is an actuator in propulsion system 250 that is being controlled in order to control the speed of agricultural harvester 100, multiple different competing sets of criteria may exist that are considered by control zone generation system 488 in identifying the control zones and the target settings for the selected WMA in the control zones. For instance, different target settings for controlling machine speed may be generated based upon, for example, a detected or predicted feed rate value, a detected or predictive fuel efficiency value, a detected or predicted grain loss value, or a combination of these. However, at any given time, the agricultural harvester 100 cannot travel over the ground at multiple speeds simultaneously. Rather, at any given time, the agricultural harvester 100 travels at a single speed. Thus, one of the competing target settings is selected to control the speed of agricultural harvester 100.
Therefore, in some examples, regime zone generation system 490 generates regime zones to resolve multiple different competing target settings. Regime zone criteria identification component 522 identifies the criteria that are used to establish regime zones for the selected WMA or set of WMAs on the functional predictive map under analysis. Some criteria that can be used to identify or define regime zones include, for example, crop type or crop variety based on an as-planted map or another source of the crop type or crop variety, weed type, weed intensity, crop state, such as whether the crop is down, partially down or standing, yield, biomass, vegetative index, or topography. Just as each WMA or set of WMAs may have a corresponding control zone, different WMAs or sets of WMAs may have a corresponding regime zone. Regime zone boundary definition component 524 identifies the boundaries of regime zones on the functional predictive map under analysis based on the regime zone criteria identified by regime zone criteria identification component 522.
In some examples, regime zones may overlap with one another. For instance, a crop variety regime zone may overlap with a portion of or an entirety of a crop state regime zone. In such an example, the different regime zones may be assigned to a precedence hierarchy so that, where two or more regime zones overlap, the regime zone assigned with a greater hierarchical position or importance in the precedence hierarchy has precedence over the regime zones that have lesser hierarchical positions or importance in the precedence hierarchy. The precedence hierarchy of the regime zones may be manually set or may be automatically set using a rules-based system, a model-based system, or another system. As one example, where a downed crop regime zone overlaps with a crop variety regime zone, the downed crop regime zone may be assigned a greater importance in the precedence hierarchy than the crop variety regime zone so that the downed crop regime zone takes precedence.
In addition, each regime zone may have a unique settings resolver for a given WMA or set of WMAs. Settings resolver identifier component 526 identifies a particular settings resolver for each regime zone identified on the functional predictive map under analysis and a particular settings resolver for the selected WMA or set of WMAs.
Once the settings resolver for a particular regime zone is identified, that settings resolver may be used to resolve competing target settings, where more than one target setting is identified based upon the control zones. The different types of settings resolvers can have different forms. For instance, the settings resolvers that are identified for each regime zone may include a human choice resolver in which the competing target settings are presented to an operator or other user for resolution. In another example, the settings resolver may include a neural network or other artificial intelligence or machine learning system. In such instances, the settings resolvers may resolve the competing target settings based upon a predicted or historic quality metric corresponding to each of the different target settings. As an example, an increased vehicle speed setting may reduce the time to harvest a field and reduce corresponding time-based labor and equipment costs but may increase grain losses. A reduced vehicle speed setting may increase the time to harvest a field and increase corresponding time-based labor and equipment costs but may decrease grain losses. When grain loss or time to harvest is selected as a quality metric, the predicted or historic value for the selected quality metric, given the two competing vehicle speed settings values, may be used to resolve the speed setting. In some instances, the settings resolvers may be a set of threshold rules that may be used instead of, or in addition to, the regime zones. An example of a threshold rule may be expressed as follows:
The settings resolvers may be logical components that execute logical rules in identifying a target setting. For instance, the settings resolver may resolve target settings while attempting to minimize harvest time or minimize the total harvest cost or maximize harvested grain or based on other variables that are computed as a function of the different candidate target settings. A harvest time may be minimized when an amount to complete a harvest is reduced to at or below a selected threshold. A total harvest cost may be minimized where the total harvest cost is reduced to at or below a selected threshold. Harvested grain may be maximized where the amount of harvested grain is increased to at or above a selected threshold.
At block 530, control zone generator 213 receives a map under analysis for processing. In one example, as shown at block 532, the map under analysis is a functional predictive map. For example, the map under analysis may be one of the functional predictive maps 436, 437, 438, or 440. Block 534 indicates that the map under analysis can be other maps as well.
At block 536, WMA selector 486 selects a WMA or a set of WMAs for which control zones are to be generated on the map under analysis. At block 538, control zone criteria identification component 494 obtains control zone definition criteria for the selected WMAs or set of WMAs. Block 540 indicates an example in which the control zone criteria are or include wear characteristics of the selected WMA or set of WMAs. Block 542 indicates an example in which the control zone definition criteria are or include a magnitude and variation of input source data, such as the magnitude and variation of the values on the map under analysis or the magnitude and variation of inputs from various in-situ sensors 208. Block 544 indicates an example in which the control zone definition criteria are or include physical machine characteristics, such as the physical dimensions of the machine, a speed at which different subsystems operate, or other physical machine characteristics. Block 546 indicates an example in which the control zone definition criteria are or include a responsiveness of the selected WMA or set of WMAs in reaching newly commanded setting values. Block 548 indicates an example in which the control zone definition criteria are or include machine performance metrics. Block 550 indicates an example in which the control zone definition criteria are or includes operator preferences. Block 552 indicates an example in which the control zone definition criteria are or include other items as well. Block 549 indicates an example in which the control zone definition criteria are time based, meaning that agricultural harvester 100 will not cross the boundary of a control zone until a selected amount of time has elapsed since agricultural harvester 100 entered a particular control zone. In some instances, the selected amount of time may be a minimum amount of time. Thus, in some instances, the control zone definition criteria may prevent the agricultural harvester 100 from crossing a boundary of a control zone until at least the selected amount of time has elapsed. Block 551 indicates an example in which the control zone definition criteria are based on a selected size value. For example, a control zone definition criteria that is based on a selected size value may preclude definition of a control zone that is smaller than the selected size. In some instances, the selected size may be a minimum size.
At block 554, regime zone criteria identification component 522 obtains regime zone definition criteria for the selected WMA or set of WMAs. Block 556 indicates an example in which the regime zone definition criteria are based on a manual input from operator 260 or another user. Block 558 illustrates an example in which the regime zone definition criteria are based on crop type or crop variety. Block 560 illustrates an example in which the regime zone definition criteria are based on weed characteristics, such as weed type or weed intensity or both. Block 561 illustrates an example in which the regime zone definition criteria are based on or include topography. Block 562 illustrates an example in which the regime zone definition criteria are based on or include crop state. Block 564 indicates an example in which the regime zone definition criteria are or include other criteria as well.
At block 566, control zone boundary definition component 496 generates the boundaries of control zones on the map under analysis based upon the control zone criteria. Regime zone boundary definition component 524 generates the boundaries of regime zones on the map under analysis based upon the regime zone criteria. Block 568 indicates an example in which the zone boundaries are identified for the control zones and the regime zones. Block 570 shows that target setting identifier component 498 identifies the target settings for each of the control zones. The control zones and regime zones can be generated in other ways as well, and this is indicated by block 572.
At block 574, settings resolver identifier component 526 identifies the settings resolver for the selected WMAs in each regime zone defined by regimes zone boundary definition component 524. As discussed above, the regime zone resolver can be a human resolver 576, an artificial intelligence or machine learning system resolver 578, a resolver 580 based on predicted or historic quality for each competing target setting, a rules-based resolver 582, a performance criteria-based resolver 584, or other resolvers 586.
At block 588, WMA selector 486 determines whether there are more WMAs or sets of WMAs to process. If additional WMAs or sets of WMAs are remaining to be processed, processing reverts to block 436 where the next WMA or set of WMAs for which control zones and regime zones are to be defined is selected. When no additional WMAs or sets of WMAs for which control zones or regime zones are to be generated are remaining, processing moves to block 590 where control zone generator 213 outputs a map with control zones, target settings, regime zones, and settings resolvers for each of the WMAs or sets of WMAs. As discussed above, the outputted map can be presented to operator 260 or another user; the outputted map can be provided to control system 214; or the outputted map can be output in other ways.
At block 612, control system 214 receives a sensor signal from geographic position sensor 204. The sensor signal from geographic position sensor 204 can include data that indicates the geographic location 614 of agricultural harvester 100, the speed 616 of agricultural harvester 100, the heading 618 or agricultural harvester 100, or other information 620. At block 622, zone controller 247 selects a regime zone, and, at block 624, zone controller 247 selects a control zone on the map based on the geographic position sensor signal. At block 626, zone controller 247 selects a WMA or a set of WMAs to be controlled. At block 628, zone controller 247 obtains one or more target settings for the selected WMA or set of WMAs. The target settings that are obtained for the selected WMA or set of WMAs may come from a variety of different sources. For instance, block 630 shows an example in which one or more of the target settings for the selected WMA or set of WMAs is based on an input from the control zones on the map of the worksite. Block 632 shows an example in which one or more of the target settings is obtained from human inputs from operator 260 or another user. Block 634 shows an example in which the target settings are obtained from an in-situ sensor 208. Block 636 shows an example in which the one or more target settings is obtained from one or more sensors on other machines working in the same field either concurrently with agricultural harvester 100 or from one or more sensors on machines that worked in the same field in the past. Block 638 shows an example in which the target settings are obtained from other sources as well.
At block 640, zone controller 247 accesses the settings resolver for the selected regime zone and controls the settings resolver to resolve competing target settings into a resolved target setting. As discussed above, in some instances, the settings resolver may be a human resolver in which case zone controller 247 controls operator interface mechanisms 218 to present the competing target settings to operator 260 or another user for resolution. In some instances, the settings resolver may be a neural network or other artificial intelligence or machine learning system, and zone controller 247 submits the competing target settings to the neural network, artificial intelligence, or machine learning system for selection. In some instances, the settings resolver may be based on a predicted or historic quality metric, on threshold rules, or on logical components. In any of these latter examples, zone controller 247 executes the settings resolver to obtain a resolved target setting based on the predicted or historic quality metric, based on the threshold rules, or with the use of the logical components.
At block 642, with zone controller 247 having identified the resolved target setting, zone controller 247 provides the resolved target setting to other controllers in control system 214, which generate and apply control signals to the selected WMA or set of WMAs based upon the resolved target setting. For instance, where the selected WMA is a machine or header actuator 248, zone controller 247 provides the resolved target setting to settings controller 232 or header/real controller 238 or both to generate control signals based upon the resolved target setting, and those generated control signals are applied to the machine or header actuators 248. At block 644, if additional WMAs or additional sets of WMAs are to be controlled at the current geographic location of the agricultural harvester 100 (as detected at block 612), then processing reverts to block 626 where the next WMA or set of WMAs is selected. The processes represented by blocks 626 through 644 continue until all of the WMAs or sets of WMAs to be controlled at the current geographical location of the agricultural harvester 100 have been addressed. If no additional WMAs or sets of WMAs are to be controlled at the current geographic location of the agricultural harvester 100 remain, processing proceeds to block 646 where zone controller 247 determines whether additional control zones to be considered exist in the selected regime zone. If additional control zones to be considered exist, processing reverts to block 624 where a next control zone is selected. If no additional control zones are remaining to be considered, processing proceeds to block 648 where a determination as to whether additional regime zones are remaining to be consider. Zone controller 247 determines whether additional regime zones are remaining to be considered. If additional regimes zone are remaining to be considered, processing reverts to block 622 where a next regime zone is selected.
At block 650, zone controller 247 determines whether the operation that agricultural harvester 100 is performing is complete. If not, the zone controller 247 determines whether a control zone criterion has been satisfied to continue processing, as indicated by block 652. For instance, as mentioned above, control zone definition criteria may include criteria defining when a control zone boundary may be crossed by the agricultural harvester 100. For example, whether a control zone boundary may be crossed by the agricultural harvester 100 may be defined by a selected time period, meaning that agricultural harvester 100 is prevented from crossing a zone boundary until a selected amount of time has transpired. In that case, at block 652, zone controller 247 determines whether the selected time period has elapsed. Additionally, zone controller 247 can perform processing continually. Thus, zone controller 247 does not wait for any particular time period before continuing to determine whether an operation of the agricultural harvester 100 is completed. At block 652, zone controller 247 determines that it is time to continue processing, then processing continues at block 612 where zone controller 247 again receives an input from geographic position sensor 204. It will also be appreciated that zone controller 247 can control the WMAs and sets of WMAs simultaneously using a multiple-input, multiple-output controller instead of controlling the WMAs and sets of WMAs sequentially.
Operator input command processing system 654 detects operator inputs on operator interface mechanisms 218 and processes those inputs for commands. Speech handling system 662 detects speech inputs and handles the interactions with speech processing system 658 to process the speech inputs for commands. Touch gesture handling system 664 detects touch gestures on touch sensitive elements in operator interface mechanisms 218 and processes those inputs for commands.
Other controller interaction system 656 handles interactions with other controllers in control system 214. Controller input processing system 668 detects and processes inputs from other controllers in control system 214, and controller output generator 670 generates outputs and provides those outputs to other controllers in control system 214. Speech processing system 658 recognizes speech inputs, determines the meaning of those inputs, and provides an output indicative of the meaning of the spoken inputs. For instance, speech processing system 658 may recognize a speech input from operator 260 as a settings change command in which operator 260 is commanding control system 214 to change a setting for a controllable subsystem 216. In such an example, speech processing system 658 recognizes the content of the spoken command, identifies the meaning of that command as a settings change command, and provides the meaning of that input back to speech handling system 662. Speech handling system 662, in turn, interacts with controller output generator 670 to provide the commanded output to the appropriate controller in control system 214 to accomplish the spoken settings change command.
Speech processing system 658 may be invoked in a variety of different ways. For instance, in one example, speech handling system 662 continuously provides an input from a microphone (being one of the operator interface mechanisms 218) to speech processing system 658. The microphone detects speech from operator 260, and the speech handling system 662 provides the detected speech to speech processing system 658. Trigger detector 672 detects a trigger indicating that speech processing system 658 is invoked. In some instances, when speech processing system 658 is receiving continuous speech inputs from speech handling system 662, speech recognition component 674 performs continuous speech recognition on all speech spoken by operator 260. In some instances, speech processing system 658 is configured for invocation using a wakeup word. That is, in some instances, operation of speech processing system 658 may be initiated based on recognition of a selected spoken word, referred to as the wakeup word. In such an example, where recognition component 674 recognizes the wakeup word, the recognition component 674 provides an indication that the wakeup word has been recognized to trigger detector 672. Trigger detector 672 detects that speech processing system 658 has been invoked or triggered by the wakeup word. In another example, speech processing system 658 may be invoked by an operator 260 actuating an actuator on a user interface mechanism, such as by touching an actuator on a touch sensitive display screen, by pressing a button, or by providing another triggering input. In such an example, trigger detector 672 can detect that speech processing system 658 has been invoked when a triggering input via a user interface mechanism is detected. Trigger detector 672 can detect that speech processing system 658 has been invoked in other ways as well.
Once speech processing system 658 is invoked, the speech input from operator 260 is provided to speech recognition component 674. Speech recognition component 674 recognizes linguistic elements in the speech input, such as words, phrases, or other linguistic units. Natural language understanding system 678 identifies a meaning of the recognized speech. The meaning may be a natural language output, a command output identifying a command reflected in the recognized speech, a value output identifying a value in the recognized speech, or any of a wide variety of other outputs that reflect the understanding of the recognized speech. For example, the natural language understanding system 678 and speech processing system 568, more generally, may understand of the meaning of the recognized speech in the context of agricultural harvester 100.
In some examples, speech processing system 658 can also generate outputs that navigate operator 260 through a user experience based on the speech input. For instance, dialog management system 680 may generate and manage a dialog with the user in order to identify what the user wishes to do. The dialog may disambiguate a user's command; identify one or more specific values that are needed to carry out the user's command; or obtain other information from the user or provide other information to the user or both. Synthesis component 676 may generate speech synthesis which can be presented to the user through an audio operator interface mechanism, such as a speaker. Thus, the dialog managed by dialog management system 680 may be exclusively a spoken dialog or a combination of both a visual dialog and a spoken dialog.
Action signal generator 660 generates action signals to control operator interface mechanisms 218 based upon outputs from one or more of operator input command processing system 654, other controller interaction system 656, and speech processing system 658. Visual control signal generator 684 generates control signals to control visual items in operator interface mechanisms 218. The visual items may be lights, a display screen, warning indicators, or other visual items. Audio control signal generator 686 generates outputs that control audio elements of operator interface mechanisms 218. The audio elements include a speaker, audible alert mechanisms, horns, or other audible elements. Haptic control signal generator 688 generates control signals that are output to control haptic elements of operator interface mechanisms 218. The haptic elements include vibration elements that may be used to vibrate, for example, the operator's seat, the steering wheel, pedals, or joysticks used by the operator. The haptic elements may include tactile feedback or force feedback elements that provide tactile feedback or force feedback to the operator through operator interface mechanisms. The haptic elements may include a wide variety of other haptic elements as well.
At block 692, operator interface controller 231 receives a map. Block 694 indicates an example in which the map is a functional predictive map, and block 696 indicates an example in which the map is another type of map. At block 698, operator interface controller 231 receives an input from geographic position sensor 204 identifying the geographic location of the agricultural harvester 100. As indicated in block 700, the input from geographic position sensor 204 can include the heading, along with the location, of agricultural harvester 100. Block 702 indicates an example in which the input from geographic position sensor 204 includes the speed of agricultural harvester 100, and block 704 indicates an example in which the input from geographic position sensor 204 includes other items.
At block 706, visual control signal generator 684 in operator interface controller 231 controls the touch sensitive display screen in operator interface mechanisms 218 to generate a display showing all or a portion of a field represented by the received map. Block 708 indicates that the displayed field can include a current position marker showing a current position of the agricultural harvester 100 relative to the field. Block 710 indicates an example in which the displayed field includes a next work unit marker that identifies a next work unit (or area on the field) in which agricultural harvester 100 will be operating. Block 712 indicates an example in which the displayed field includes an upcoming area display portion that displays areas that are yet to be processed by agricultural harvester 100, and block 714 indicates an example in which the displayed field includes previously visited display portions that represent areas of the field that agricultural harvester 100 has already processed. Block 716 indicates an example in which the displayed field displays various characteristics of the field having georeferenced locations on the map. For instance, if the received map is a predictive loss map, such as functional predictive loss map 420, the displayed field may show the different categories of the level of loss existing in the field georeferenced within the displayed field. The mapped characteristics can be shown in the previously visited areas (as shown in block 714), in the upcoming areas (as shown in block 712), and in the next work unit (as shown in block 710). Block 718 indicates an example in which the displayed field includes other items as well.
In the example shown in
In the example shown in
The size of the next work unit 730 marked on field display portion 728 may vary based upon a wide variety of different criteria. For instance, the size of next work unit 730 may vary based on the speed of travel of agricultural harvester 100. Thus, when the agricultural harvester 100 is traveling faster, then the area of the next work unit 730 may be larger than the area of next work unit 730 if agricultural harvester 100 is traveling more slowly. In another example, the size of the next work unit 730 may vary based on the dimensions of the agricultural harvester 100, including equipment on agricultural harvester 100 (such as header 102). For example, the width of the next work unit 730 may vary based on a width of header 102. Field display portion 728 is also shown displaying previously visited area 714 and upcoming areas 712. Previously visited areas 714 represent areas that are already harvested while upcoming areas 712 represent areas that still need to be harvested. The field display portion 728 is also shown displaying different characteristics of the field. In the example illustrated in
In other examples, the map being displayed may be one or more of the maps described herein, including information maps, prior information maps, the functional predictive maps, such as predictive maps or predictive control zone maps, or a combination thereof. Thus, the markers and characteristics being displayed will correlate to the information, data, characteristics, and values provided by the one or more maps being displayed.
In the example of
The actuators and display elements in portion 738 may be displayed as, for example, individual items, fixed lists, scrollable lists, drop down menus, or drop down lists. In the example shown in
As shown in
Display portion 738 also includes an interactive marker display portion, indicated generally at 743. Interactive marker display portion 743 includes a symbol column 746 that displays the symbols corresponding to each category of values or characteristics (in the case of
Display portion 738 also includes an interactive value display portion, indicated generally at 747. Interactive value display portion 747 includes a value display column 750 that displays selected values. The selected values correspond to the characteristics or values being tracked or displayed, or both, on field display portion 728. The selected values can be selected by an operator of the agricultural harvester 100. The selected values in value display column 750 define a range of values or a value by which other values, such as predicted values, are to be classified. Thus, in the example in
Display portion 738 also includes an interactive threshold display portion, indicated generally at 749. Interactive threshold display portion 749 includes a threshold value display column 752 that displays action threshold values. Action threshold values in column 752 may be threshold values corresponding to the selected values in value display column 750. If the predicted or measured values of characteristics being tracked or displayed, or both, satisfy the corresponding action threshold values in threshold value display column 752, then control system 214 takes the action identified in column 754. In some instances, a measured or predicted value may satisfy a corresponding action threshold value by meeting or exceeding the corresponding action threshold value. In one example, operator 260 can select a threshold value, for example, in order to change the threshold value by touching the threshold value in threshold value display column 752. Once selected, the operator 260 may change the threshold value. The threshold values in column 752 can be configured such that the designated action is performed when the measured or predicted value of the characteristic exceeds the threshold value, equals the threshold value, or is less than the threshold value. In some instances, the threshold value may represent a range of values, or range of deviation from the selected values in value display column 750, such that a predicted or measured characteristic value that meets or falls within the range satisfies the threshold value. For instance, in the example of
Display portion 738 also includes an interactive action display portion, indicated generally at 751. Interactive action display portion 751 includes an action display column 754 that displays action identifiers that indicated actions to be taken when a predicted or measured value satisfies an action threshold value in threshold value display column 752. Operator 260 can touch the action identifiers in column 754 to change the action that is to be taken. When a threshold is satisfied, an action may be taken. For instance, at the bottom of column 754, an increase cleaning fan speed action and a reduce cleaning fan speed action are identified as actions that will be taken if the measured or predicted value in meets the threshold value in column 752. In some examples, then a threshold is met, multiple actions may be taken. For instance, a cleaning fan speed may be adjusted, a threshing rotor speed may be adjusted, and a concave clearance may be adjusted in response to a threshold being satisfied.
The actions that can be set in column 754 can be any of a wide variety of different types of actions. For example, the actions can include a keep out action which, when executed, inhibits agricultural harvester 100 from further harvesting in an area. The actions can include a speed change action which, when executed, changes the travel speed of agricultural harvester 100 through the field. The actions can include a setting change action for changing a setting of an internal actuator or another WMA or set of WMAs or for implementing a settings change action that changes a setting of a threshing rotor speed, a cleaning fan speed, a position (e.g., tilt, height, roll, etc.) of the header, along with various other settings. These are examples only, and a wide variety of other actions are contemplated herein.
The items shown on user interface display 720 can be visually controlled. Visually controlling the interface display 720 may be performed to capture the attention of operator 260. For instance, the display elements can be controlled to modify the intensity, color, or pattern with which the display elements are displayed. Additionally, the display elements may be controlled to flash. The described alterations to the visual appearance of the display elements are provided as examples. Consequently, other aspects of the visual appearance of the display elements may be altered. Therefore, the display elements can be modified under various circumstances in a desired manner in order, for example, to capture the attention of operator 260. Additionally, while a particular number of items are shown on user interface display 720, this need not be the case. In other examples, more or less items, including more or less of a particular item can be included on user interface display 720.
Returning now to the flow diagram of
At block 782, operator input command processing system 654 detects and processes operator inputs corresponding to interactions with the user interface display 720 performed by the operator 260. Where the user interface mechanism on which user interface display 720 is displayed is a touch sensitive display screen, interaction inputs with the touch sensitive display screen by the operator 260 can be touch gestures 784. In some instances, the operator interaction inputs can be inputs using a point and click device 786 or other operator interaction inputs 788.
At block 790, operator interface controller 231 receives signals indicative of an alert condition. For instance, block 792 indicates that signals may be received by controller input processing system 668 indicating that detected or predicted values satisfy threshold conditions present in column 752. As explained earlier, the threshold conditions may include values being below a threshold, at a threshold, or above a threshold. Block 794 shows that action signal generator 660 can, in response to receiving an alert condition, alert the operator 260 by using visual control signal generator 684 to generate visual alerts, by using audio control signal generator 686 to generate audio alerts, by using haptic control signal generator 688 to generate haptic alerts, or by using any combination of these. Similarly, as indicated by block 796, controller output generator 670 can generate outputs to other controllers in control system 214 so that those controllers perform the corresponding action identified in column 754. Block 798 shows that operator interface controller 231 can detect and process alert conditions in other ways as well.
Block 900 shows that speech handling system 662 may detect and process inputs invoking speech processing system 658. Block 902 shows that performing speech processing may include the use of dialog management system 680 to conduct a dialog with the operator 260. Block 904 shows that the speech processing may include providing signals to controller output generator 670 so that control operations are automatically performed based upon the speech inputs.
Table 1, below, shows an example of a dialog between operator interface controller 231 and operator 260. In Table 1, operator 260 uses a trigger word or a wakeup word that is detected by trigger detector 672 to invoke speech processing system 658. In the example shown in Table 1, the wakeup word is “Johnny”.
Table 2 shows an example in which speech synthesis component 676 provides an output to audio control signal generator 686 to provide audible updates on an intermittent or periodic basis. The interval between updates may be time-based, such as every five minutes, or coverage or distance-based, such as every five acres, or exception-based, such as when a measured value is greater than a threshold value.
Operator Interface Controller: “Over last 10 minutes, loss level has been high.”
Operator Interface Controller: “Next 1 acre predicted loss level is medium.”
The example shown in Table 3 illustrates that some actuators or user input mechanisms on the touch sensitive display 720 can be supplemented with speech dialog. The example in Table 3 illustrates that action signal generator 660 can generate action signals to automatically mark a high loss level area in the field being harvested.
The example shown in Table 4 illustrates that action signal generator 660 can conduct a dialog with operator 260 to begin and end marking of a high loss level area.
The example shown in Table 5 illustrates that action signal generator 160 can generate signals to mark a low loss level area in a different way than those shown in Tables 3 and 4.
Returning again to
Once the operation is complete, then any desired values that are displayed, or have been displayed on user interface display 720, can be saved. Those values can also be used in machine learning to improve different portions of predictive model generator 210, predictive map generator 212, control zone generator 213, control algorithms, or other items. Saving the desired values is indicated by block 916. The values can be saved locally on agricultural harvester 100, or the values can be saved at a remote server location or sent to another remote system.
It can thus be seen that an information map is obtained by an agricultural harvester that shows characteristic values at different geographic locations of a field being harvested. An in-situ sensor on the harvester senses a characteristic as the agricultural harvester moves through the field. A predictive map generator generates a predictive map that includes control values for different locations in the field based on the values in the information map and the characteristic sensed by the in-situ sensor. A control system controls controllable subsystem based on the control values in the predictive map.
A control value is a value upon which an action can be based. A control value, as described herein, can include any value (or characteristics indicated by or derived from the value) that may be used in the control of agricultural harvester 100. A control value can be any value indicative of an agricultural characteristic. A control value can be a predicted value, a measured value, or a detected value. A control value may include any of the values provided by a map, such as any of the maps described herein, for instance, a control value can be a value provided by an information map, a value provided by prior information map, or a value provided predictive map, such as a functional predictive map. A control value can also include any of the characteristics indicated by or derived from the values detected by any of the sensors described herein. In other examples, a control value can be provided by an operator of the agricultural machine, such as a command input by an operator of the agricultural machine.
The present discussion has mentioned processors and servers. In some examples, the processors and servers include computer processors with associated memory and timing circuitry, not separately shown. The processors and servers are functional parts of the systems or devices to which the processors and servers belong and are activated by and facilitate the functionality of the other components or items in those systems.
Also, a number of user interface displays have been discussed. The displays can take a wide variety of different forms and can have a wide variety of different user actuatable operator interface mechanisms disposed thereon. For instance, user actuatable operator interface mechanisms may include text boxes, check boxes, icons, links, drop-down menus, search boxes, etc. The user actuatable operator interface mechanisms can also be actuated in a wide variety of different ways. For instance, the user actuatable operator interface mechanisms can be actuated using operator interface mechanisms such as a point and click device, such as a track ball or mouse, hardware buttons, switches, a joystick or keyboard, thumb switches or thumb pads, etc., a virtual keyboard or other virtual actuators. In addition, where the screen on which the user actuatable operator interface mechanisms are displayed is a touch sensitive screen, the user actuatable operator interface mechanisms can be actuated using touch gestures. Also, user actuatable operator interface mechanisms can be actuated using speech commands using speech recognition functionality. Speech recognition may be implemented using a speech detection device, such as a microphone, and software that functions to recognize detected speech and execute commands based on the received speech.
A number of data stores have also been discussed. It will be noted the data stores can each be broken into multiple data stores. In some examples, one or more of the data stores may be local to the systems accessing the data stores, one or more of the data stores may all be located remote form a system utilizing the data store, or one or more data stores may be local while others are remote. All of these configurations are contemplated by the present disclosure.
Also, the figures show a number of blocks with functionality ascribed to each block. It will be noted that fewer blocks can be used to illustrate that the functionality ascribed to multiple different blocks is performed by fewer components. Also, more blocks can be used illustrating that the functionality may be distributed among more components. In different examples, some functionality may be added, and some may be removed.
It will be noted that the above discussion has described a variety of different systems, components, logic, and interactions. It will be appreciated that any or all of such systems, components, logic and interactions may be implemented by hardware items, such as processors, memory, or other processing components, including but not limited to artificial intelligence components, such as neural networks, some of which are described below, that perform the functions associated with those systems, components, logic, or interactions. In addition, any or all of the systems, components, logic and interactions may be implemented by software that is loaded into a memory and is subsequently executed by a processor or server or other computing component, as described below. Any or all of the systems, components, logic and interactions may also be implemented by different combinations of hardware, software, firmware, etc., some examples of which are described below. These are some examples of different structures that may be used to implement any or all of the systems, components, logic and interactions described above. Other structures may be used as well.
In the example shown in
It will also be noted that the elements of
In some examples, remote server architecture 500 may include cybersecurity measures. Without limitation, these measures may include encryption of data on storage devices, encryption of data sent between network nodes, authentication of people or processes accessing data, as well as the use of ledgers for recording metadata, data, data transfers, data accesses, and data transformations. In some examples, the ledgers may be distributed and immutable (e.g., implemented as blockchain).
In other examples, applications can be received on a removable Secure Digital (SD) card that is connected to an interface 15. Interface 15 and communication links 13 communicate with a processor 17 (which can also embody processors or servers from other FIGS.) along a bus 19 that is also connected to memory 21 and input/output (I/O) components 23, as well as clock 25 and location system 27.
I/O components 23, in one example, are provided to facilitate input and output operations. I/O components 23 for various examples of the device 16 can include input components such as buttons, touch sensors, optical sensors, microphones, touch screens, proximity sensors, accelerometers, orientation sensors and output components such as a display device, a speaker, and or a printer port. Other I/O components 23 can be used as well.
Clock 25 illustratively comprises a real time clock component that outputs a time and date. It can also, illustratively, provide timing functions for processor 17.
Location system 27 illustratively includes a component that outputs a current geographical location of device 16. This can include, for instance, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, a LORAN system, a dead reckoning system, a cellular triangulation system, or other positioning system. Location system 27 can also include, for example, mapping software or navigation software that generates desired maps, navigation routes and other geographic functions.
Memory 21 stores operating system 29, network settings 31, applications 33, application configuration settings 35, data store 37, communication drivers 39, and communication configuration settings 41. Memory 21 can include all types of tangible volatile and non-volatile computer-readable memory devices. Memory 21 may also include computer storage media (described below). Memory 21 stores computer readable instructions that, when executed by processor 17, cause the processor to perform computer-implemented steps or functions according to the instructions. Processor 17 may be activated by other components to facilitate their functionality as well.
Note that other forms of the devices 16 are possible.
Computer 810 typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media may be any available media that can be accessed by computer 810 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media is different from, and does not include, a modulated data signal or carrier wave. Computer readable media includes hardware storage media including both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by computer 810. Communication media may embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal.
The system memory 830 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory or both such as read only memory (ROM) 831 and random access memory (RAM) 832. A basic input/output system 833 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 810, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 831. RAM 832 typically contains data or program modules or both that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 820. By way of example, and not limitation,
The computer 810 may also include other removable/non-removable volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,
Alternatively, or in addition, the functionality described herein can be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include Field-programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application-specific Integrated Circuits (e.g., ASICs), Application-specific Standard Products (e.g., ASSPs), System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), etc.
The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in
A user may enter commands and information into the computer 810 through input devices such as a keyboard 862, a microphone 863, and a pointing device 861, such as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 820 through a user input interface 860 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures. A visual display 891 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 821 via an interface, such as a video interface 890. In addition to the monitor, computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 897 and printer 896, which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 895.
The computer 810 is operated in a networked environment using logical connections (such as a controller area network—CAN, local area network—LAN, or wide area network WAN) to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 880.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 810 is connected to the LAN 871 through a network interface or adapter 870. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 810 typically includes a modem 872 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 873, such as the Internet. In a networked environment, program modules may be stored in a remote memory storage device.
It should also be noted that the different examples described herein can be combined in different ways. That is, parts of one or more examples can be combined with parts of one or more other examples. All of this is contemplated herein.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of the claims.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3568157 | Downing et al. | Mar 1971 | A |
| 3580257 | Teague | May 1971 | A |
| 3599543 | Kerridge | Aug 1971 | A |
| 3775019 | Konig et al. | Nov 1973 | A |
| 3856754 | Habermeier et al. | Dec 1974 | A |
| 4129573 | Bellus et al. | Dec 1978 | A |
| 4166735 | Pilgram et al. | Sep 1979 | A |
| 4183742 | Sasse et al. | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4268679 | Lavanish | May 1981 | A |
| 4349377 | Durr et al. | Sep 1982 | A |
| 4360677 | Doweyko et al. | Nov 1982 | A |
| 4435203 | Funaki et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4493726 | Burdeska et al. | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4527241 | Sheehan et al. | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4566901 | Martin et al. | Jan 1986 | A |
| 4584013 | Brunner | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4687505 | Sylling et al. | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4857101 | Musco et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4911751 | Nyffeler et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
| 5059154 | Reyenga | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5089043 | Hayase et al. | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5246164 | McCann et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5246915 | Lutz et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5250690 | Turner et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5296702 | Beck et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5300477 | Tice | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5416061 | Hewett et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5477459 | Clegg et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5488817 | Paquet et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5563112 | Barnes, III | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5585626 | Beck et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5586033 | Hall | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5592606 | Myers | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5606821 | Sadjadi et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5666793 | Bottinger | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5712782 | Weigelt et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5721679 | Monson | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5767373 | Ward et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5771169 | Wendte | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5789741 | Kinter et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5809440 | Beck et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5841282 | Christy et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5849665 | Gut et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5878821 | Flenker et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5899950 | Milender et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5902343 | Hale et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5915492 | Yates et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5957304 | Dawson | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5974348 | Rocks | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5978723 | Hale et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5991687 | Hale et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5991694 | Gudat et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5995859 | Takahashi | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5995894 | Wendte | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5995895 | Watt et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6004076 | Cook et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6016713 | Hale | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6029106 | Hale et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6041582 | Tiede et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6073070 | Diekhans | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6073428 | Diekhans | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6085135 | Steckel | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6119442 | Hale | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6119531 | Wendte et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6128574 | Diekhans | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6141614 | Janzen et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6178253 | Hendrickson et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6185990 | Missotten et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6188942 | Corcoran et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6199000 | Keller et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6204856 | Wood et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6205381 | Motz et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6205384 | Diekhans | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6216071 | Motz | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6236924 | Motz et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6272819 | Wendte et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6327569 | Reep | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6374173 | Ehlbeck | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6380745 | Anderson et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6431790 | Anderegg et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6451733 | Pidskalny et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6505146 | Blackmer | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6505998 | Bullivant | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6539102 | Anderson et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6549849 | Lange et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6584390 | Beck | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6591145 | Hoskinson et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6591591 | Coers et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6592453 | Coers et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6604432 | Hamblen et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6681551 | Sheidler et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6682416 | Behnke et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6687616 | Peterson et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6729189 | Paakkinen | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6735568 | Buckwalter et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6834550 | Upadhyaya et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6838564 | Edmunds et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6846128 | Sick | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6932554 | Isfort et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6999877 | Dyer et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7073374 | Berkman | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7167797 | Faivre et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7167800 | Faivre et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7191062 | Chi et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7194965 | Hickey et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7211994 | Mergen et al. | May 2007 | B1 |
| 7248968 | Reid | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7255016 | Burton | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7261632 | Pirro et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7302837 | Wendte | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7308326 | Maertens et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7313478 | Anderson et al. | Dec 2007 | B1 |
| 7318010 | Anderson | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7347168 | Reckels et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7408145 | Holland | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7480564 | Metzler et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7483791 | Anderegg et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7537519 | Huster et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7557066 | Hills et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7628059 | Scherbring | Dec 2009 | B1 |
| 7687435 | Witschel et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7703036 | Satterfield et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7725233 | Hendrickson et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7733416 | Gal | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7756624 | Diekhans et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7798894 | Isfort | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7827042 | Jung et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7915200 | Epp et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7945364 | Schricker et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7993188 | Ritter | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8024074 | Stelford et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8060283 | Mott et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8107681 | Gaal | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8145393 | Foster et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8147176 | Coers et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8152610 | Harrington | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8190335 | Vik et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8195342 | Anderson | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8195358 | Anderson | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8213964 | Fitzner et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8224500 | Anderson | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8252723 | Jakobi et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8254351 | Fitzner et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8321365 | Anderson | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8329717 | Minn et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8332105 | Laux | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8338332 | Hacker et al. | Dec 2012 | B1 |
| 8340862 | Baumgarten et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8407157 | Anderson | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8428829 | Brunnert et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8478493 | Anderson | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8488865 | Hausmann et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8494727 | Green et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8527157 | Imhof et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8544397 | Bassett | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8577561 | Green et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8606454 | Wang et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8626406 | Schleicher et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8635903 | Hanson et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8649940 | Bonefas | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8656693 | Madsen et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8662972 | Behnke et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8671760 | Wallrath et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8677724 | Chaney et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8738238 | Rekow | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8738244 | Lenz et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8755976 | Peters et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8781692 | Kormann | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8789563 | Wenzel | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8814640 | Behnke et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8843269 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8868304 | Bonefas | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8909389 | Meyer | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| D721740 | Schmaltz et al. | Jan 2015 | S |
| 8942860 | Morselli | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8962523 | Rosinger et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 9002591 | Wang et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9008918 | Missotten et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9009087 | Mewes et al. | Apr 2015 | B1 |
| 9011222 | Johnson et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9014901 | Wang et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9043096 | Zielke et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9043129 | Bonefas et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9066465 | Hendrickson et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9072227 | Wenzel | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9095090 | Casper et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9119342 | Bonefas | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9127428 | Meier | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9131644 | Osborne | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9152938 | Lang et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 9173339 | Sauder et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9179599 | Bischoff | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9188518 | Snyder et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9188986 | Baumann | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9220196 | Baumgarten et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9226449 | Bischoff | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9234317 | Chi | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9235214 | Anderson | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9301447 | Kormann | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9301466 | Kelly | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9313951 | Herman et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9326443 | Zametzer et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9326444 | Bonefas | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9392746 | Darr et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9405039 | Anderson | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9410840 | Acheson et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9439342 | Pasquier | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9457971 | Bonefas et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9463939 | Bonefas et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9485905 | Jung et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9489576 | Johnson et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9497898 | Dillon | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9510508 | Jung | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9511633 | Anderson et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9511958 | Bonefas | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9516812 | Baumgarten et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9521805 | Muench et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9522791 | Carnegie | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9522792 | Bonefas et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9523180 | Deines | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9529364 | Foster et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9532504 | Herman et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9538714 | Anderson | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9563492 | Bell et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9563848 | Hunt | Feb 2017 | B1 |
| 9563852 | Wiles et al. | Feb 2017 | B1 |
| 9578808 | Dybro et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9629308 | Schøler et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9631964 | Gelinske et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9642305 | Nykamp et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9648807 | Escher et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9675008 | Rusciolelli et al. | Jun 2017 | B1 |
| 9681605 | Noonan et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9694712 | Healy | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9696162 | Anderson | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9699967 | Palla et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9714856 | Myers | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9717178 | Sauder et al. | Aug 2017 | B1 |
| 9721181 | Guan et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9723790 | Berry et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9740208 | Sugumaran et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9767521 | Stuber et al. | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9807934 | Rusciolelli et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9807940 | Roell et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9810679 | Kimmel | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9829364 | Wilson et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9848528 | Werner et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9856609 | Dehmel | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9856612 | Oetken | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9861040 | Bonefas | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9872433 | Acheson et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9903077 | Rio | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9903979 | Dybro et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9904963 | Rupp et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9915952 | Dollinger et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9922405 | Sauder et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9924636 | Lisouski et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9928584 | Jens et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9933787 | Story | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9974226 | Rupp et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9982397 | Korb et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9984455 | Fox et al. | May 2018 | B1 |
| 9992931 | Bonefas et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 9992932 | Bonefas et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10004176 | Mayerle | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10015928 | Nykamp et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10019018 | Hulin | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10019790 | Bonefas et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10025983 | Guan et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10028435 | Anderson et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10028451 | Rowan et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10034427 | Krause et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10039231 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10064331 | Bradley | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10064335 | Byttebier et al. | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10078890 | Tagestad et al. | Sep 2018 | B1 |
| 10085372 | Noyer et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10091925 | Aharoni et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10115158 | Lindores | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10126153 | Bischoff et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10129528 | Bonefas et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10143132 | Inoue et al. | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10152035 | Reid et al. | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10154624 | Guan et al. | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10165725 | Sugumaran et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10178823 | Kovach et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10183667 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10188037 | Bruns et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10201121 | Wilson | Feb 2019 | B1 |
| 10209179 | Hollstein | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10231371 | Dillon | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 10254147 | Vermue et al. | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10254765 | Rekow | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10255670 | Wu et al. | Apr 2019 | B1 |
| 10275550 | Lee | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10295703 | Dybro et al. | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10310455 | Blank et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10314232 | Isaac et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10315655 | Blank et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10317272 | Bhavsar et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10351364 | Green et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10368488 | Becker et al. | Aug 2019 | B2 |
| 10398084 | Ray et al. | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10408545 | Blank et al. | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10412889 | Palla et al. | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10426086 | Van de Wege et al. | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10437243 | Blank et al. | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10477756 | Richt et al. | Nov 2019 | B1 |
| 10485178 | Mayerle | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10521526 | Haaland et al. | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10537061 | Farley et al. | Jan 2020 | B2 |
| 10568316 | Gall et al. | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10631462 | Bonefas | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10677637 | Von Muenster | Jun 2020 | B1 |
| 10681872 | Viaene et al. | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10703277 | Schroeder | Jul 2020 | B1 |
| 10729067 | Hammer et al. | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 10740703 | Story | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 10745868 | Laugwitz et al. | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 10760946 | Meier et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10809118 | Von Muenster | Oct 2020 | B1 |
| 10830634 | Blank et al. | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10866109 | Madsen et al. | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10890922 | Ramm et al. | Jan 2021 | B2 |
| 10909368 | Guo et al. | Feb 2021 | B2 |
| 10912249 | Wilson | Feb 2021 | B1 |
| 11610272 | McEntire | Mar 2023 | B1 |
| 11711995 | Vandike | Aug 2023 | B2 |
| 20020011061 | Lucand et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020083695 | Behnke et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020091458 | Moore | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020099471 | Benneweis | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020133309 | Hardt | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173893 | Blackmore et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020193928 | Beck | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020193929 | Beck | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020198654 | Lange et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030004630 | Beck | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030014171 | Ma et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030015351 | Goldman et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030024450 | Juptner | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030060245 | Coers et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030069680 | Cohen et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030075145 | Sheidler et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030174207 | Alexia et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030182144 | Pickett et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030187560 | Keller et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030216158 | Bischoff | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030229432 | Ho et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030229433 | van den Berg et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030229435 | Van der Lely | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040004544 | William Knutson | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040054457 | Kormann | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040073468 | Vyas et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193348 | Gray et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20050059445 | Niermann et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050066738 | Moore | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050149235 | Seal et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050150202 | Quick | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050197175 | Anderson | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050241285 | Maertens et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050283314 | Hall | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050284119 | Brunnert | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060014489 | Fitzner | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060014643 | Hacker et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060047377 | Ferguson et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060058896 | Pokorny | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060074560 | Dyer et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060155449 | Dammann | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060162631 | Hickey | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060196158 | Faivre et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060200334 | Faivre et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20070005209 | Fitzner et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070021948 | Anderson | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070056258 | Behnke | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070068238 | Wendte | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070073700 | Wippersteg | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070089390 | Hendrickson et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070135190 | Diekhans et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070185749 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070199903 | Denny | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070208510 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233348 | Diekhans | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233374 | Diekhans | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070239337 | Anderson | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070282523 | Diekhans | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070298744 | Fitzner | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080030320 | Wilcox et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080098035 | Wippersteg | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080140431 | Anderson et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080177449 | Pickett et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080248843 | Birrell et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080268927 | Farley et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080269052 | Rosinger et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080289308 | Brubaker | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080312085 | Kordes et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090044505 | Huster | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090074243 | Missotten et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090143941 | Tarasinski et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090192654 | Wendte | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090216410 | Allen | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090226036 | Gaal | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090259483 | Hendrickson et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090265098 | Dix | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306835 | Ellermann | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090311084 | Coers et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090312919 | Foster | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090312920 | Boenig et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090325658 | Phelan et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100036696 | Lang et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100042297 | Foster | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063626 | Anderson | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063648 | Anderson | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063651 | Anderson | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063664 | Anderson | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063954 | Anderson | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100070145 | Foster | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100071329 | Hindryckx et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100094481 | Anderson | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100121541 | Behnke et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100137373 | Hungenberg et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100145572 | Steckel | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100152270 | Suty-Heinze et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100152943 | Matthews | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100217474 | Baumgarten | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100268562 | Anderson | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100268679 | Anderson | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100285964 | Waldraff et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100317517 | Rosinger et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100319941 | Peterson | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100332051 | Kormann | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110056178 | Sauerwein et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110059782 | Harrington | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110072773 | Schroeder et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110084851 | Peterson et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110086684 | Luellen et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110160961 | Wollenhaupt et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110213531 | Farley et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110224873 | Reeve | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110227745 | Kikuchi et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110257850 | Reeve | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110270494 | Imhof et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110270495 | Knapp | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110295460 | Hunt et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110307149 | Pighi et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120004813 | Baumgarten et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120029732 | Meyer | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120087771 | Wenzel | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120096827 | Chaney et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120143642 | O'Neil | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120215378 | Sprock et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120215379 | Sprock et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120253611 | Zielke et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120263560 | Diekhans et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120265412 | Diekhans et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120271489 | Roberts et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120323452 | Green et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130019580 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130022430 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130046419 | Anderson et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130046439 | Anderson et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130046525 | Ali et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130103269 | Hellgen et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130124239 | Rosa et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130184944 | Missotten et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130197767 | Lenz | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130205733 | Peters et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130210505 | Bischoff | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130231823 | Wang et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130319941 | Schneider | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325242 | Cavender-Bares et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130332003 | Murray et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140002489 | Sauder et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140019017 | Wilken et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140021598 | Sutardja | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140050364 | Brueckner et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140067745 | Avey | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140121882 | Gilmore et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140129048 | Baumgarten et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140172222 | Nickel | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140172224 | Matthews et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140172225 | Matthews et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140208870 | Quaderer et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140215984 | Bischoff | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140230391 | Hendrickson et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140230392 | Dybro et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140236381 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140236431 | Hendrickson et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140257911 | Anderson | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140262547 | Acheson et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277960 | Blank et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140297242 | Sauder et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303814 | Burema et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140324272 | Madsen et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140331631 | Sauder et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140338298 | Jung et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140350802 | Biggerstaff et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140360148 | Wienker et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150049088 | Snyder et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150088785 | Chi | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150095830 | Massoumi et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150101519 | Blackwell et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150105984 | Birrell et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150124054 | Darr et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150168187 | Myers | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150211199 | Corcoran et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150230403 | Jung et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150242799 | Seki et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150243114 | Tanabe et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150254800 | Johnson et al. | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150264863 | Muench et al. | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150276794 | Pistrol et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150278640 | Johnson et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150285647 | Meyer zu Helligen et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150293029 | Acheson et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150302305 | Rupp et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150305238 | Klausmann et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150305239 | Jung | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150327440 | Dybro et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150351320 | Takahara et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150370935 | Starr | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150373902 | Pasquier | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150379785 | Brown, Jr. et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160025531 | Bischoff et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160029558 | Dybro et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160052525 | Tuncer et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160057922 | Freiberg et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160066505 | Bakke et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160073573 | Ethington et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160078375 | Ethington et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160078570 | Ethington et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160084813 | Anderson et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160088794 | Baumgarten et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160106038 | Boyd et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160146611 | Matthews | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160202227 | Mathur et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160203657 | Bell et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160212939 | Ouchida et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160215994 | Mewes et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160232621 | Ethington et al. | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160247075 | Mewes et al. | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160247082 | Stehling | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160260021 | Marek | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160286720 | Heitmann et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160286721 | Heitmann et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160286722 | Heitmann et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160309656 | Wilken et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160327535 | Cotton et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160330906 | Acheson et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160338267 | Anderson et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160342915 | Humphrey | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160345485 | Acheson et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20160360697 | Diaz | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170013773 | Kirk et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170031365 | Sugumaran et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170034997 | Mayerle | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170049045 | Wilken et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170055433 | Jamison | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170082442 | Anderson | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170083024 | Reijersen Van Buuren | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170086381 | Roell et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170089741 | Takahashi et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170089742 | Bruns et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170090068 | Xiang et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170105331 | Herlitzius et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170105335 | Xu et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170112049 | Weisberg et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170112061 | Meyer | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170115862 | Stratton et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170118915 | Middelberg et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170124463 | Chen et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170127606 | Horton | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170160916 | Baumgarten et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170161627 | Xu et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170185086 | Sauder et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170188515 | Baumgarten et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170192431 | Foster et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170208742 | Ingibergsson et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170213141 | Xu et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170215330 | Missotten et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170223947 | Gall et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170227969 | Murray et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170235471 | Scholer et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170245434 | Jung et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170251600 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170270446 | Starr et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170270616 | Basso | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170316692 | Rusciolelli et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170318743 | Sauder et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170322550 | Yokoyama | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170332551 | Todd et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170336787 | Pichlmaier et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170370765 | Meier et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180000011 | Schleusner et al. | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180014452 | Starr | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180022559 | Knutson | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180024549 | Hurd | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180035622 | Gresch et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180054955 | Oliver | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180060975 | Hassanzadeh | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180070534 | Mayerle | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180077865 | Gallmeier | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180084709 | Wieckhorst et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180084722 | Wieckhorst et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180092301 | Vandike et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180092302 | Vandike et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180108123 | Baurer et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180120133 | Blank et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180121821 | Parsons et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180124992 | Koch et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180128933 | Koch et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180129879 | Achtelik et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180132422 | Hassanzadeh et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180136664 | Tomita et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180146612 | Sauder et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180146624 | Chen et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180153084 | Calleija et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180177125 | Takahara et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180181893 | Basso | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180196438 | Newlin et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180196441 | Muench et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180211156 | Guan et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180232674 | Bilde | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180242523 | Kirchbeck et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180249641 | Lewis et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180257657 | Blank et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180271015 | Redden et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180279599 | Struve | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20180295771 | Peters | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20180310474 | Posselius et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180317381 | Bassett | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180317385 | Wellensiek et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180325012 | Ferrari et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180325014 | Debbaut | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180332767 | Muench et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180338422 | Brubaker | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180340845 | Rhodes et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180359917 | Blank et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20180359919 | Blank et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20180364726 | Foster et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20190021226 | Dima et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190025175 | Laugwitz | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190041813 | Horn et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190050948 | Perry et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190057460 | Sakaguchi et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190066234 | Bedoya et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190069470 | Pfeiffer et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190075727 | Duke et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190085785 | Abolt | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190090423 | Escher et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190098825 | Neitemeier et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190104722 | Slaughter et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190108413 | Chen et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190114847 | Wagner et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190124819 | Madsen et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190129430 | Madsen et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190136491 | Martin et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190138962 | Ehlmann et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190147094 | Zhan et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190147249 | Kiepe et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190156255 | Carroll | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190174667 | Gresch et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190183047 | Dybro et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190200522 | Hansen et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190230855 | Reed et al. | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190239416 | Green et al. | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190261550 | Damme et al. | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190261559 | Heitmann et al. | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190261560 | Jelenkovic | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190313570 | Owechko | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190327889 | Borgstadt | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190327892 | Fries et al. | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190335662 | Good et al. | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190335674 | Basso | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190343035 | Smith et al. | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190343043 | Bormann et al. | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190343044 | Bormann et al. | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190343048 | Farley et al. | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190351765 | Rabusic | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190354081 | Blank et al. | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190364733 | Laugen et al. | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20190364734 | Kriebel et al. | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20200000006 | McDonald et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200008351 | Zielke et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200015416 | Barther et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200019159 | Kocer et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200024102 | Brill et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200029488 | Bertucci et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200034759 | Dumstorff et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200037491 | Schoeny et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200053961 | Dix et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200064144 | Tomita et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200064863 | Tomita et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200074023 | Nizami et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200084963 | Gururajan et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200084966 | Corban et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200090094 | Blank | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200097851 | Alvarez et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200113142 | Coleman et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200125822 | Yang et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200128732 | Chaney | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200128733 | Vandike et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200128734 | Brammeier et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200128735 | Bonefas et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200128737 | Anderson et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200128738 | Suleman et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200128740 | Suleman | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200133262 | Suleman et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200141784 | Lange et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200146203 | Deng | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200150631 | Frieberg et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200154639 | Takahara et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200163277 | Cooksey et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200183406 | Borgstadt | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200187409 | Meyer Zu Helligen | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200193589 | Peshlov | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200196526 | Koch et al. | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200202458 | Sood | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200202596 | Kitahara et al. | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200221632 | Strnad et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200221635 | Hendrickson et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200221636 | Boydens et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200265527 | Rose et al. | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200278680 | Schultz et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200317114 | Hoff | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200319632 | Desai et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200319655 | Desai et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200323133 | Anderson et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200323134 | Darr et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200326674 | Palla et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200326727 | Palla et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200333278 | Locken et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200337232 | Blank et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200352099 | Meier et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200359547 | Sakaguchi et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200359549 | Sakaguchi et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200363256 | Meier et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200375083 | Anderson et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200375084 | Sakaguchi et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200378088 | Anderson | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200404842 | Dugas et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20210015041 | Bormann et al. | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210022283 | Vandike | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210029866 | Placella | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210029877 | Vandike | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210129853 | Appleton et al. | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210176916 | Sidon | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210176918 | Franzen et al. | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210243936 | Vandike | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210243951 | Vandike | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210289687 | Heinold et al. | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210321567 | Sidon et al. | Oct 2021 | A1 |
| 20220110255 | Vandike | Apr 2022 | A1 |
| 20220167547 | Vandike | Jun 2022 | A1 |
| 20220232816 | Vandike | Jul 2022 | A1 |
| 20220386521 | Wire | Dec 2022 | A1 |
| 20230225238 | Blank | Jul 2023 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 108898 | Oct 2018 | AR |
| 20100224431 | Apr 2011 | AU |
| MU6800140 | Dec 1989 | BR |
| PI0502658 | Feb 2007 | BR |
| PI0802384 | Mar 2010 | BR |
| PI1100258 | Mar 2014 | BR |
| 102014007178 | Aug 2016 | BR |
| 1165300 | Apr 1984 | CA |
| 2283767 | Mar 2001 | CA |
| 2330979 | Aug 2001 | CA |
| 2629555 | Nov 2009 | CA |
| 135611 | May 2011 | CA |
| 2451633 | Oct 2001 | CN |
| 101236188 | Aug 2008 | CN |
| 100416590 | Sep 2008 | CN |
| 101303338 | Nov 2008 | CN |
| 101363833 | Feb 2009 | CN |
| 201218789 | Apr 2009 | CN |
| 101839906 | Sep 2010 | CN |
| 101929166 | Dec 2010 | CN |
| 102080373 | Jun 2011 | CN |
| 102138383 | Aug 2011 | CN |
| 102277867 | Dec 2011 | CN |
| 202110103 | Jan 2012 | CN |
| 202119772 | Jan 2012 | CN |
| 202340435 | Jul 2012 | CN |
| 103088807 | May 2013 | CN |
| 103181263 | Jul 2013 | CN |
| 203053961 | Jul 2013 | CN |
| 203055121 | Jul 2013 | CN |
| 203206739 | Sep 2013 | CN |
| 102277867 | Oct 2013 | CN |
| 203275401 | Nov 2013 | CN |
| 103491765 | Jan 2014 | CN |
| 203613525 | May 2014 | CN |
| 203658201 | Jun 2014 | CN |
| 103954738 | Jul 2014 | CN |
| 203741803 | Jul 2014 | CN |
| 204000818 | Dec 2014 | CN |
| 204435344 | Jul 2015 | CN |
| 204475304 | Jul 2015 | CN |
| 105205248 | Dec 2015 | CN |
| 204989174 | Jan 2016 | CN |
| 105432228 | Mar 2016 | CN |
| 105741180 | Jul 2016 | CN |
| 106053330 | Oct 2016 | CN |
| 106198877 | Dec 2016 | CN |
| 106198879 | Dec 2016 | CN |
| 106226470 | Dec 2016 | CN |
| 106248873 | Dec 2016 | CN |
| 106290800 | Jan 2017 | CN |
| 106327349 | Jan 2017 | CN |
| 106644663 | May 2017 | CN |
| 206330815 | Jul 2017 | CN |
| 206515118 | Sep 2017 | CN |
| 206515119 | Sep 2017 | CN |
| 206616118 | Nov 2017 | CN |
| 206696107 | Dec 2017 | CN |
| 206696107 | Dec 2017 | CN |
| 107576674 | Jan 2018 | CN |
| 107576674 | Jan 2018 | CN |
| 206906093 | Jan 2018 | CN |
| 206941558 | Jan 2018 | CN |
| 206941558 | Jan 2018 | CN |
| 107736088 | Feb 2018 | CN |
| 107795095 | Mar 2018 | CN |
| 207079558 | Mar 2018 | CN |
| 107941286 | Apr 2018 | CN |
| 107957408 | Apr 2018 | CN |
| 108009542 | May 2018 | CN |
| 108304796 | Jul 2018 | CN |
| 207567744 | Jul 2018 | CN |
| 108614089 | Oct 2018 | CN |
| 208013131 | Oct 2018 | CN |
| 108881825 | Nov 2018 | CN |
| 208047351 | Nov 2018 | CN |
| 109357804 | Feb 2019 | CN |
| 109485353 | Mar 2019 | CN |
| 109633127 | Apr 2019 | CN |
| 109763476 | May 2019 | CN |
| 109961024 | Jul 2019 | CN |
| 110262287 | Sep 2019 | CN |
| 110720302 | Jan 2020 | CN |
| 111201879 | May 2020 | CN |
| 210585958 | May 2020 | CN |
| 111406505 | Jul 2020 | CN |
| 247426 | Dec 1986 | CS |
| 248318 | Feb 1987 | CS |
| 17266 | Feb 2007 | CZ |
| 20252 | Nov 2009 | CZ |
| 441597 | Mar 1927 | DE |
| 504035 | Jul 1930 | DE |
| 2354828 | May 1975 | DE |
| 152380 | Nov 1981 | DE |
| 3728669 | Mar 1989 | DE |
| 4431824 | May 1996 | DE |
| 19509496 | Sep 1996 | DE |
| 19528663 | Feb 1997 | DE |
| 19718455 | Nov 1997 | DE |
| 19705842 | Aug 1998 | DE |
| 19828355 | Jan 2000 | DE |
| 10050224 | Apr 2002 | DE |
| 10120173 | Oct 2002 | DE |
| 202004015141 | Dec 2004 | DE |
| 102005000770 | Jul 2006 | DE |
| 102005000771 | Aug 2006 | DE |
| 102008021785 | Nov 2009 | DE |
| 102009041646 | Mar 2011 | DE |
| 102010004648 | Jul 2011 | DE |
| 102010038661 | Feb 2012 | DE |
| 102011005400 | Sep 2012 | DE |
| 202012103730 | Oct 2012 | DE |
| 102011052688 | Feb 2013 | DE |
| 102012211001 | Jan 2014 | DE |
| 102012220109 | May 2014 | DE |
| 102012223768 | Jun 2014 | DE |
| 102013212151 | Dec 2014 | DE |
| 102013019098 | Jan 2015 | DE |
| 102014108449 | Feb 2015 | DE |
| 2014201203 | Jul 2015 | DE |
| 102014208068 | Oct 2015 | DE |
| 102015006398 | May 2016 | DE |
| 102015109799 | Dec 2016 | DE |
| 112015002194 | Jan 2017 | DE |
| 102017204511 | Sep 2018 | DE |
| 102019206734 | Nov 2020 | DE |
| 102019114872 | Dec 2020 | DE |
| 0070219 | Oct 1984 | EP |
| 0355049 | Feb 1990 | EP |
| 845198 | Jun 1998 | EP |
| 0532146 | Aug 1998 | EP |
| 1444879 | Aug 2004 | EP |
| 1219159 | Jun 2005 | EP |
| 1219153 | Feb 2006 | EP |
| 1692928 | Aug 2006 | EP |
| 1574122 | Feb 2008 | EP |
| 1943877 | Jul 2008 | EP |
| 1598586 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 1731983 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 2146307 | Jan 2010 | EP |
| 0845198 | Feb 2010 | EP |
| 2186389 | May 2010 | EP |
| 2267566 | Dec 2010 | EP |
| 3491192 | Dec 2010 | EP |
| 2057884 | Jan 2011 | EP |
| 2146307 | May 2012 | EP |
| 2446732 | May 2012 | EP |
| 2524586 | Nov 2012 | EP |
| 2529610 | Dec 2012 | EP |
| 2243353 | Mar 2013 | EP |
| 2174537 | May 2013 | EP |
| 2592919 | May 2013 | EP |
| 1674324 | May 2014 | EP |
| 2759829 | Jul 2014 | EP |
| 2764764 | Aug 2014 | EP |
| 2267566 | Dec 2014 | EP |
| 2191439 | Mar 2015 | EP |
| 2586286 | Mar 2015 | EP |
| 2592919 | Sep 2015 | EP |
| 2921042 | Sep 2015 | EP |
| 2944725 | Nov 2015 | EP |
| 2764764 | Dec 2015 | EP |
| 2510777 | Mar 2016 | EP |
| 2997805 | Mar 2016 | EP |
| 3000302 | Mar 2016 | EP |
| 2868806 | Jul 2016 | EP |
| 3085221 | Oct 2016 | EP |
| 3095310 | Nov 2016 | EP |
| 3097759 | Nov 2016 | EP |
| 2452551 | May 2017 | EP |
| 3175691 | Jun 2017 | EP |
| 3195719 | Jul 2017 | EP |
| 3195720 | Jul 2017 | EP |
| 3259976 | Dec 2017 | EP |
| 3262934 | Jan 2018 | EP |
| 3491192 | Jan 2018 | EP |
| 3287007 | Feb 2018 | EP |
| 3298876 | Mar 2018 | EP |
| 3300579 | Apr 2018 | EP |
| 3315005 | May 2018 | EP |
| 3316208 | May 2018 | EP |
| 2829171 | Jun 2018 | EP |
| 2508057 | Jul 2018 | EP |
| 2508057 | Jul 2018 | EP |
| 3378298 | Sep 2018 | EP |
| 3378299 | Sep 2018 | EP |
| 2997805 | Oct 2018 | EP |
| 3384754 | Oct 2018 | EP |
| 3289853 | Mar 2019 | EP |
| 3456167 | Mar 2019 | EP |
| 3466239 | Apr 2019 | EP |
| 3469878 | Apr 2019 | EP |
| 3289852 | Jun 2019 | EP |
| 3491192 | Jun 2019 | EP |
| 3494770 | Jun 2019 | EP |
| 3498074 | Jun 2019 | EP |
| 3000302 | Aug 2019 | EP |
| 3533314 | Sep 2019 | EP |
| 3569049 | Nov 2019 | EP |
| 3000307 | Dec 2019 | EP |
| 3586592 | Jan 2020 | EP |
| 3593613 | Jan 2020 | EP |
| 3593620 | Jan 2020 | EP |
| 3613272 | Feb 2020 | EP |
| 3243374 | Mar 2020 | EP |
| 3626038 | Mar 2020 | EP |
| 3259976 | Apr 2020 | EP |
| 3635647 | Apr 2020 | EP |
| 3378298 | May 2020 | EP |
| 3646699 | May 2020 | EP |
| 3662741 | Jun 2020 | EP |
| 3685648 | Jul 2020 | EP |
| 2995191 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 2116215 | Jul 1998 | ES |
| 2311322 | Feb 2009 | ES |
| 5533 | Nov 1913 | FI |
| 1451480 | Jan 1966 | FR |
| 2817344 | May 2002 | FR |
| 2901291 | Nov 2007 | FR |
| 2901291 | Nov 2007 | FR |
| 901081 | Jul 1962 | GB |
| 201519517 | May 2017 | GB |
| 01632DE2014 | Aug 2016 | IN |
| 1632DE2014 | Aug 2016 | IN |
| 201641027017 | Oct 2016 | IN |
| 202041039250 | Sep 2020 | IN |
| 7079681 | Nov 1982 | JP |
| S60253617 | Dec 1985 | JP |
| S63308110 | Dec 1988 | JP |
| H02196960 | Aug 1990 | JP |
| H02215311 | Aug 1990 | JP |
| H0779681 | Mar 1995 | JP |
| H1066436 | Mar 1998 | JP |
| H10191762 | Jul 1998 | JP |
| 2000352044 | Dec 2000 | JP |
| 2001057809 | Mar 2001 | JP |
| 2002186348 | Jul 2002 | JP |
| 2005227233 | Aug 2005 | JP |
| 2006166871 | Jun 2006 | JP |
| 2011205967 | Oct 2011 | JP |
| 2015070812 | Apr 2015 | JP |
| 2015151826 | Aug 2015 | JP |
| 2015219651 | Dec 2015 | JP |
| 2016071726 | May 2016 | JP |
| 2016160808 | Sep 2016 | JP |
| 6087258 | Mar 2017 | JP |
| 2017136035 | Aug 2017 | JP |
| 2017137729 | Aug 2017 | JP |
| 2017195804 | Nov 2017 | JP |
| 2018068284 | May 2018 | JP |
| 2018102154 | Jul 2018 | JP |
| 2018151388 | Sep 2018 | JP |
| 2019004796 | Jan 2019 | JP |
| 2019129744 | Aug 2019 | JP |
| 2019146506 | Sep 2019 | JP |
| 2019216744 | Dec 2019 | JP |
| 2020018255 | Feb 2020 | JP |
| 2020031607 | Mar 2020 | JP |
| 2020113062 | Jul 2020 | JP |
| 2020127405 | Aug 2020 | JP |
| 100974892 | Aug 2010 | KR |
| 100974892 | Aug 2010 | KR |
| 20110018582 | Feb 2011 | KR |
| 101067576 | Sep 2011 | KR |
| 101067576 | Sep 2011 | KR |
| 101134075 | Apr 2012 | KR |
| 101447197 | Oct 2014 | KR |
| 101653750 | Sep 2016 | KR |
| 20170041377 | Apr 2017 | KR |
| 200485051 | Nov 2017 | KR |
| 200485051 | Nov 2017 | KR |
| 101873657 | Aug 2018 | KR |
| GT06000012 | Jan 2008 | MX |
| 178299 | Apr 2000 | PL |
| 130713 | Nov 2015 | RO |
| 1791767 | Jan 1993 | RU |
| 2005102554 | Jul 2006 | RU |
| 2421744 | Jun 2011 | RU |
| 2421744 | Jun 2011 | RU |
| 2447640 | Apr 2012 | RU |
| 2502047 | Dec 2013 | RU |
| 2502047 | Dec 2013 | RU |
| 164128 | Aug 2016 | RU |
| 2017114139 | Apr 2017 | RU |
| 2017114139 | Oct 2018 | RU |
| 2017114139 | May 2019 | RU |
| 834514 | May 1981 | SU |
| 887717 | Dec 1981 | SU |
| 1052940 | Nov 1983 | SU |
| 1134669 | Jan 1985 | SU |
| 1526588 | Dec 1989 | SU |
| 1540053 | Jan 1991 | SU |
| 1761864 | Sep 1992 | SU |
| 1986005353 | Sep 1986 | WO |
| 2001052160 | Jul 2001 | WO |
| 2002015673 | Feb 2002 | WO |
| 2003005803 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| 2007050192 | May 2007 | WO |
| 2009156542 | Dec 2009 | WO |
| 2010003421 | Jan 2010 | WO |
| 2011104085 | Sep 2011 | WO |
| 2012041621 | Apr 2012 | WO |
| 2012110508 | Aug 2012 | WO |
| 2012110544 | Aug 2012 | WO |
| 2013063106 | May 2013 | WO |
| 2013079247 | Jun 2013 | WO |
| 2013086351 | Jun 2013 | WO |
| 2013087275 | Jun 2013 | WO |
| 2014046685 | Mar 2014 | WO |
| 2014093814 | Jun 2014 | WO |
| 2014195302 | Dec 2014 | WO |
| 2015038751 | Mar 2015 | WO |
| 2015153809 | Oct 2015 | WO |
| 16020595 | Feb 2016 | WO |
| 2016020595 | Feb 2016 | WO |
| 2016118686 | Jul 2016 | WO |
| 2017008161 | Jan 2017 | WO |
| WO2017004074 | Jan 2017 | WO |
| 2017060168 | Apr 2017 | WO |
| 2017077113 | May 2017 | WO |
| 2017096489 | Jun 2017 | WO |
| 2017099570 | Jun 2017 | WO |
| 2017116913 | Jul 2017 | WO |
| 2017170507 | Oct 2017 | WO |
| 2017205406 | Nov 2017 | WO |
| 2017205410 | Nov 2017 | WO |
| 2018043336 | Mar 2018 | WO |
| 2018073060 | Apr 2018 | WO |
| 2018081759 | May 2018 | WO |
| 2018112615 | Jun 2018 | WO |
| 2018116772 | Jun 2018 | WO |
| 2018142768 | Aug 2018 | WO |
| 2018200870 | Nov 2018 | WO |
| 2018206587 | Nov 2018 | WO |
| 2018220159 | Dec 2018 | WO |
| 2018226139 | Dec 2018 | WO |
| 2018235486 | Dec 2018 | WO |
| 2018235942 | Dec 2018 | WO |
| WO18235486 | Dec 2018 | WO |
| 2019034213 | Feb 2019 | WO |
| 2019079205 | Apr 2019 | WO |
| 2019081349 | May 2019 | WO |
| 2019091535 | May 2019 | WO |
| 2019109191 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| 2019124174 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| 2019124217 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| 2019124225 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| 2019124273 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| 2019129333 | Jul 2019 | WO |
| 2019129334 | Jul 2019 | WO |
| 2019129335 | Jul 2019 | WO |
| 2019215185 | Nov 2019 | WO |
| 2019230358 | Dec 2019 | WO |
| 2020026578 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| 2020026650 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| 2020026651 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| 2020031473 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| 2020038810 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| 2020039312 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| 2020039671 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| 2020044726 | Mar 2020 | WO |
| 2020082182 | Apr 2020 | WO |
| 2020100810 | May 2020 | WO |
| 2020110920 | Jun 2020 | WO |
| 2020195007 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| 2020206941 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| 2020206942 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| 2020210607 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| 2020221981 | Nov 2020 | WO |
| 2021262500 | Dec 2021 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Application and Drawings for U.S. Appl. No. 16/171,978, filed Oct. 26, 2018, 53 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/432,557 dated Mar. 22, 2021, 9 pages. |
| Zhao, L., Yang, J., Li, p. and Zhang, L., 2014. Characteristics analysis and classification of crop harvest patterns by exploiting high-frequency multipolarization SAR data. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 7(9), pp. 3773-3783. |
| Feng-Jie, X., Er-da, W. and Feng-yuan, X., Crop area yield risk evaluation and premium rates calculation—Based on nonparametric kernel density estimation. In 2009 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering, 7 pages. |
| Liu, R. and Bai, X., May 2014. Random fuzzy production and distribution plan of agricultural products and its PSO algorithm. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (pp. 32-36). IEEE. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/171,978 dated Mar. 31, 2021, 6 pages. |
| Application and Drawings for U.S. Appl. No. 17/067,383, filed Oct. 9, 2020, 61 pages. |
| Apan et al., “Predictive Mapping of Blackberry in the Condamine Catchment Using Logistic Regressiona dn Spatial Analysis”, Jan. 2008, 12 pages. |
| Robson, “Remote Sensing Applications for the Determination of Yield, Maturity and Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut”, Oct. 2007, 275 pages. |
| Bhattarai et al., “Remote Sensing Data to Detect Hessian Fly Infestation in Commercial Wheat Fields”, Apr. 16, 2019, 8 pages. |
| Towery, et al., “Remote Sensing of Crop Hail Damage”, Jul. 21, 1975, 31 pages. |
| Sa et al., “WeedMap: A Large-Scale Semantic Weed Mapping Framework Using Aerial Multispectral Imaging and Deep Neural Network for Precision Farming”, Sep. 7, 2018, 25 pages. |
| Mathyam et al., “Remote Sensing of Biotic Stress in Crop Plants and Its Applications for Pest Management”, Dec. 2011, 30 pages. |
| Martinez-Feria et al., “Evaluating Maize and Soybean Grain Dry-Down In The Field With Predictive Algorithms and Genotype-by-Environmental Analysis”, May 9, 2019, 13 pages. |
| “GIS Maps for Agriculture”, Precision Agricultural Mapping, Retrieved Dec. 11, 2020, 6 pages. |
| Paul, “Scabby Wheat Grain? Increasing Your Fan Speed May Help”, https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2015-20/scabby-wheat-grain-increasing-yourfan-speed-may-help, C.O.R.N Newsletter//2015-20, 3 pages. |
| Clay et al., “Scouting for Weeds”, SSMG-15, 4 pages, 2002. |
| Taylor et al., “Sensor-Based Variable Rate Application for Cotton”, 8 pages, 2010. |
| Christiansen et al., “Designing and Testing a UAV Mapping System for Agricultural Field Surveying”, Nov. 23, 2017, 19 pages. |
| Haung et al., “AccurateWeed Mapping and Prescription Map Generation Based on Fully Convolutional Networks Using UAV Imagery”, Oct. 1, 2018, 12 pages. |
| Ma et al., Identification of Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat Ears Using Continuous Wavelet Analysis, Dec. 19, 2019, 15 pages. |
| Morrison, “Should You Use Tillage to Control Resistant Weeds”, Aug. 29, 2014, 9 pages. |
| Morrison, “Snow Trapping Snars Water”, Oct. 13, 2005, 3 pages. |
| “Soil Zone Index”, https://www.satimagingcorp.com/applications/natural-resources/agricultu . . . , Retrieved Dec. 11, 2020, 5 pages. |
| Malvic, “Soybean Cyst Nematode”, University of Minnesota Extension, Oct. 19, 2020, 3 pages. |
| Unglesbee, “Soybean Pod Shatter—Bad Enough to Scout Before Harvest?—DTN”, Oct. 17, 2018, 4 pages. |
| Tao, “Standing Crop Residue Can Reduce Snow Drifting and Increase Soil Moisture”, 2 pages, last accessed Jul. 14, 2020. |
| Berglund, et al., “Swathing and Harvesting Canola”, Jul. 2019, 8 pages. |
| Bell et al., “Synthetic Aperture Radar and Optical Remote Sensing of Crop Damage Attributed to Severe Weather in the Central United States”, Jul. 25, 2018, 1 page. |
| Rosencrance, “Tabletop Grapes in India to Be Picked by Virginia Tech Robots”, Jul. 23, 2020, 8 pages. |
| Lofton, et al., The Potential of Grazing Grain Sorghum Residue Following Harvest, May 13, 2020, 11 pages. |
| Beal et al., “Time Shift Evaluation to Improve Yield Map Quality”, Published in Applied Engineering in Agriculture vol. 17(3): 385-390 (© 2001 American Society of Agricultural Engineers ), 9 pages. |
| “Tips and Tricks of Harvesting High Moisture Grain”, https://www.koenigequipment.com/blog/tips-and-tricks-of-harvesting-highmoisture-grain, 7 pages, last accessed Jul. 14, 2020. |
| Ransom, “Tips for Planting Winter Wheat and Winter Rye (for Grain) (Aug. 15, 2019)”, 2017, 3 pages. |
| AgroWatch Tree Grading Maps, “The Grading Maps and Plant Count Reports”, https://www.satimagingcorp.com/applications/natural-resources/agricultu . . . , Retrieved Dec. 11, 2020, 4 pages. |
| Ackley, “Troubleshooting Abnormal Corn Ears”, Jul. 23, 2020, 25 pages. |
| Smith, “Understanding Ear Flex”, Feb. 25, 2019, 17 pages. |
| Carroll et al., “Use of Spectral Vegetation Indicies Derived from Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery For Detection of European Corn Borer Infestation in Iowa Corn Plots”, Nov. 2008, 11 pages. |
| Agriculture, “Using drones in agriculture and capturing actionable data”, Retrieved Dec. 11, 2020, 18 pages. |
| Bentley et al., “Using Landsat to Identify Thunderstorm Damage in Agricultural Regions”, Aug. 28, 2001, 14 pages. |
| Duane Grant and the Idaho Wheat Commission, “Using Remote Sensing to Manage Wheat Grain Protein”, Jan. 2, 2003, 13 pages. |
| Zhang et al., “Using satellite multispectral imagery for damage mapping of armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize at a regional scale”, Apr. 10, 2015, 14 pages. |
| Booker, “Video: Canadian cage mill teams up with JD”, Dec. 19, 2019, 6 pages. |
| AgTalk Home, “Best Combine to Handle Weeds”, Posted Nov. 23, 2018, 9 pages. |
| “Volunteer corn can be costly for soybeans”, Jun. 2, 2016, 1 page. |
| Pflanz, et al., “Weed Mapping with UAS Imagery and a Bag of Visual Words Based Image Classifier”, Published Sep. 24, 2018, 17 pages. |
| Hartzler, “Weed seed predation in agricultural fields”, 9 pages, 2009. |
| Sa et al., “Weedmap: A Large-Scale Sematnic Weed Mapping Framework Using Aerial Multispectral Imaging and Deep Neural Netowrk for Precision Farming”, Sep. 6, 2018, 25 pages. |
| Nagelkirk, Michigan State University-Extension, “Wheat Harvest: Minimizing the Risk of Fusarium Head Scab Losses”, Jul. 11, 2013, 4 pages. |
| Saskatchewan, “Wheat: Winter Wheat”, (https://www.saskatchewan.ca/business/agriculture-natural-resources-and-industry/agribusiness-farmers-and-ranchers/crops-and-irrigation/field-crops/cereals-barley-wheat-oats-triticale/wheat-winter-wheat) 5 pages, last accessed Jul. 14, 2020. |
| Quora, “Why would I ever use sport mode in my automatic transmission car? Will this incrase fuel efficiency or isit simply a feature that makes form more fun when driving?”, Aug. 10, 2020, 5 pages. |
| Wade, “Using a Drone's Surface Model to Estimate Crop Yields & Assess Plant Health”, Oct. 19, 2015, 14 pages. |
| Mathyam et al., “Remote Sensing of Biotic Stress in Crop Plants and Its Applications for Pest Stress”, Dec. 2011, 30 pages. |
| “Four Helpful Weed-Management Tips for Harvest Time”, 2 pages, Sep. 4, 2019. |
| Franz et al., “The role of topography, soil, and remotely sensed vegetation condition towards predicting crop yield”, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Mar. 23, 2020, 44 pages. |
| Peiffer et al., The Genetic Architecture of Maize Stalk Strength:, Jun. 20, 2013, 14 pages. |
| 7 Combine Tweaks to Boost Speed (https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/harvest-equipment/7-combine-tweaks-to-boost-speed_203-ar33059) 8 pages, Aug. 19, 2018. |
| Managing corn harvest this fall with variable corn conditions (https://www.ocj.com/2019/10/managing-corn-harvest-this-fall-with-variable-corn-conditions/), 4 pages, Oct. 10, 2019. |
| Reducing Aflatoxin in Corn During Harvest and Storage (https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B1231&title=Reducing%20Aflatoxin%20in%20Corn%20During%20Harvest%20and%20Storage), 9 pages, Published with Full Review on Apr. 19, 2017. |
| Variable Rate Applications to Optimize Inputs (https://www.cotton.org/tech/physiology/cpt/miscpubs/upload/CPT-v9No2-98-REPOP.pdf), 8 pages, Nov. 2, 1998. |
| Robin Booker, Video: Canadian cage mill teams up with JD (https://www.producer.com/2019/12/video-canadian-cage-mill-teams-up-with-jd/) , 6 pages, Dec. 19, 2019. |
| Jarnevich, et al. “Forecasting Weed Distributions using Climate Data: A GIS Early Warning Tool”, Invasive Plant Science and Management, 11 pages, Jan. 20, 2017. |
| Burks, “Classification of Weed Species Using Color Texture Features and Discriminant Analysis” (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.468.5833&rep=rep1&type=pdf), 8 pages, 2000. |
| John Deere, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Gq77CfdGl4&list=PL1KGsSJ4CWk4rShNb3-sTMOliL8meHBL5 (last accessed Jul. 14, 2020), Jun. 15, 2020, 5 pages. |
| Combine Adjustments (http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/L036.aspx), 2 pages, Originally written Feb. 1, 2006; last updated Oct. 18, 2018. |
| Ardekani, “Off- and on-ground GPR techniques for field-scale soil moisture mapping” Jun. 2013, 13 pages. |
| Does an Adaptive Gearbox Really Learn How You Drive? (https://practicalmotoring.com.au/voices/does-an-adaptive-gearbox-really-learn-how-you-drive/), Oct. 30, 2019, 8 pages. |
| https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222527694_Energy_Requirement_Model_for_a_Combine_Harvester_Part_I_Development_of_Component_Models, Abstract Only, Jan. 2005. |
| http://canola.okstate.edu/cropproduction/harvesting, 8 pages, Aug. 2011. |
| “Tips and Tricks of Harvesting High Moisture Grain”, https://www.koenigequipment.com/blog/tips-and-tricks-of-harvesting-highmoisture-grain, 5 pages, last accessed Feb. 11, 2021. |
| Hoff, Combine Adjustements, Mar. 1943, 8 pages. |
| Haung et al., “Accurate Weed Mapping and Prescription Map Generation Based onFully Convolutional Networks Using UAV Imagery”, 14 pages, Oct. 1, 2018. |
| Thompson, “Morning glory can make it impossible to harvest corn”, Feb. 19, 2015, 4 pages. |
| Lamsal et al. “Sugarcane Harvest Logistics in Brazil” Iowa Research Online, Sep. 11, 2013, 27 pages. |
| Jensen, “Algorithms for Operational Planning of Agricultural Field Operations”, Mechanical Engineering Technical Report ME-TR-3, Nov. 9, 2012, 23 pages. |
| Chauhan, “Remote Sensing of Crop Lodging”, Nov. 16, 2020, 16 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report and Written Opinion issued in European Patent Application No. 20208171.7, dated May 11, 2021, in 05 pages. |
| Cordoba, M.A., Bruno, C.I. Costa, J.L. Peralta, N.R. and Balzarini, M.G., 2016, Protocol for multivariate homegeneous zone delineation in precision agriculture, biosystems engineering, 143, pp. 95-107. |
| Pioneer Estimator, “Corn Yield Estimator” accessed on Feb. 13, 2018, 1 page. retrieved from: https://www.pioneer.com/home/site/us/tools-apps/growing-tools/corn-yield-estimator/. |
| Guindin, N. “Estimating Maize Grain Yield From Crop Biophysical Parameters Using Remote Sensing”, Nov. 4, 2013, 19 pages. |
| EP Application No. 19203883.4-1004 Office Action dated May 3, 2021, 4 pages. |
| Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, “Harvest Weed Seed Control”, Dec. 13, 2018, 6 pages. https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/blog/bob-hartzler/harvest-weed-seed-control. |
| Getting Rid Of Weeds Through Integrated Weed Management, accessed on Jun. 25, 2021, 10 pages. https://integratedweedmanagement.org/index.php/iwm-toolbox/the-harrington-seed-destructor. |
| The Importance of Reducing Weed Seeds, Jul. 2018, 2 pages. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/soybeans/soybean-handouts.pdf. |
| Alternative Crop Guide, Published by the Jefferson Institute, “Buckwheat”, Revised Jul. 2002. 4 pages. |
| Martin et al., “Breakage Susceptibility and Harness of Corn Kernels of Various Sizes and Shapes”, May 1987, 10 pages. |
| Jones et al., “Brief history of agricultural systems modeling” Jun. 21, 2016, 15 pages. |
| Dan Anderson, “Brief history of agricultural systems modeling” 1 pages. Aug. 13, 2019. |
| A.Y. Şeflek, “Determining the Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of Maize Stalks Fordesigning Harvester”, The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(3): 2017, p. 855-860 ISSN: 1018-7081, Jun. 1, 2017. |
| Carmody, Paul, “Windrowing and harvesting”, 8 pages Date: Feb. 3, 2010. |
| Dabney, et al., “Forage Harvest Representation in RUSLE2”, Published Nov. 15, 2013, 17 pages. |
| John Deere S-Series Combines S760, S770, S780, S790 Brochure, 44 pages, Nov. 15, 2017. |
| Sekhon et al., “Stalk Bending Strength is Strongly Assoicated with Maize Stalk Lodging Incidence Across Multiple Environments”, Jun. 20, 2019, 23 pages. |
| Thomison et al. “Abnormal Corn Ears”, Apr. 28, 2015, 1 page. |
| Anderson, “Adjust your Combine to Reduce Damage to High Moisture Corn”, Aug. 13, 2019, 11 pages. |
| Sumner et al., “Reducing Aflatoxin in Corn During Harvest and Storage”, Reviewed by John Worley, Apr. 2017, 6 pages. |
| Sick, “Better understanding corn hybrid characteristics and properties can impact your seed decisions”, 8 pages, Sep. 21, 2018. |
| TraCI/Change Vehicle State—SUMO Documentation, 10 pages, Retrieved Dec. 11, 2020. |
| Arnold, et al., Chapter 8. “Plant Growth Component”, Jul. 1995, 41 pages. |
| Humburg, Chapter: 37 “Combine Adjustments to Reduce Harvest Losses”, 2019, South Dakota Board of Regents, 8 pages. |
| Hoff, “Combine Adjustments”, Cornell Extension Bulletin 591, Mar. 1943, 10 pages. |
| University of Wisconsin, Corn Agronomy, Originally written Feb. 1, 2006 | Last updated Oct. 18, 2018, 2 pages. |
| University of Nebraska-Lincoln, “Combine Adjustments for Downed Corn—Crop Watch”, Oct. 27, 2017, 5 pages. |
| “Combine Cleaning: Quick Guide To Removing Resistant Weed Seeds (Among Other Things)”, Nov. 2006, 5 pages. |
| Dekalb, “Corn Drydown Rates”, 7 pages, Aug. 4, 2020. |
| Mahmoud et al. Iowa State University, “Corn Ear Orientation Effects on Mechanical Damage and Forces on Concave”, 1975, 6 pages. |
| Sindelar et al., Kansas State University, “Corn Growth & Development” Jul. 17, 2017, 9 pages. |
| Pannar, “Manage the Growth Stages of the Maize Plant With Pannar”, Nov. 14, 2016, 7 pages. |
| He et al., “Crop residue harvest impacts wind erodibility and simulated soil loss in the Central Great Plains”, Sep. 27, 2017, 14 pages. |
| Blanken, “Designing a Living Snow Fence for Snow Drift Control”, Jan. 17, 2018, 9 pages. |
| Jean, “Drones give aerial boost to ag producers”, Mar. 21, 2019, 4 pages. |
| Zhao et al., “Dynamics modeling for sugarcane sucrose estimation using time series satellite imagery”, Jul. 27, 2017, 11 pages. |
| Brady, “Effects of Cropland Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife Habitat”, Sep. 1, 2007, 15 pages. |
| Jasa, et al., “Equipment Adjustments for Harvesting Soybeans at 13%-15% Moisture”, Sep. 15, 2017, 2 pages. |
| Bendig et al., “Estimating Biomass of Barley Using Crop Surface Models (CSMs) Derived from UAV-Based RGB Imaging”, Oct. 21, 2014, 18 pages. |
| Robertson, et al., “Maize Stalk Lodging: Morphological Determinants of Stalk Strength”, Mar. 3, 2017, 10 pages. |
| MacGowan et al. Purdue University, Corn and Soybean Crop Deprediation by Wildlife, Jun. 2006, 14 pages. |
| Martinez-Feria et al., Iowa State University, “Corn Grain Dry Down in Field From Maturity to Harvest”, Sep. 20, 2017, 3 pages. |
| Wrona, “Precision Agriculture's Value” Cotton Physiology Today, vol. 9, No. 2, 1998, 8 pages. |
| Zhang et al., “Design of an Optical Weed Sensor Using Plant Spectral Characteristics” Sep. 2000, 12 pages. |
| Hunt, et al., “What Weeds Can Be Remotely Sensed?”, 5 pages, May 2016. |
| Pepper, “Does An Adaptive Gearbox Really Learn How You Drive?”, Oct. 30, 2019, 8 pages. |
| Eggerl, “Optimization of Combine Processes Using Expert Knowledge and Methods of Artificial Intelligence”, Jul. 10, 1982, 143 pages. |
| Sheely et al., “Image-Based, Variable Rate Plant Growth Regulator Application in Cotton at Sheely Farms in California”, Jan. 6-10, 2003 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Nashville, TN, 17 pages. |
| Kovacs et al., “Physical characteristics and mechanical behaviour of maize stalks for machine development”, Apr. 23, 2019, 1-pages. |
| Anonymously, “Optimizing Crop Profit Across Multiple Grain Attributes and Stover”, ip.com, May 26, 2009, 17 pages. |
| Breen, “Plant Identification: Examining Leaves”, Oregon State University, 2020, 8 pages. |
| Caglayan et al., A Plant Recognition Approach Using Shape and Color Features in Leaf Images, Sep. 2013, 11 pages. |
| Casady et al., “Precision Agriculture Yield Monitors” University of Missouri—System, 4 pages, 1998. |
| Apan et al., “Predicting Grain Protein Content in Wheat Using Hyperspectral Sensing of In-season Crop Canopies and Partial Least Squares Regression” 18 pages, 2006. |
| Xu et al., “Prediction of Wheat Grain Protein by Coupling Multisource Remote Sensing Imagery and ECMWF Data”, Apr. 24, 2020, 21 pages. |
| Day, “Probability Distributions of Field Crop Yields,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. 47, Issue 3, Aug. 1965, Abstract Only, 1 page. |
| Butzen, “Reducing Harvest Losses in Soybeans”, Pioneer, Jul. 23, 2020, 3 pages. |
| Martin et al., “Relationship between secondary variables and soybean oil and protein concentration”, Abstract Only, 1 page., 2007. |
| Torres, “Precision Planting of Maize” Dec. 2012, 123 pages. |
| Leu et al., Grazing Corn Residue Using Resources and Reducing Costs, Aug. 2009, 4 pages. |
| “No-Till Soils”, Soil Heath Brochure, 2 pages, last accessed Jul. 14, 2020. |
| Strickland et al., “Nitrate Toxicity in Livestock” Oklahoma State University, Feb. 2017, 2 pages. |
| Strickland et al., “Nitrate Toxicity in Livestock” Oklahoma State University, 8 pages, Feb. 2017. |
| Brownlee, “Neural Networks are Function Approximation Algorithms”, Mar. 18, 2020, 13 pages. |
| Thompson, “Morning glory can make it impossible to harvest corn”, Feb. 19, 2015, 3 pages. |
| Tumlison, “Monitoring Growth Development and Yield Estimation of Maize Using Very High-Resolution Uavimages in Gronau, Germany”, Feb. 2017, 63 pages. |
| Hunt, “Mapping Weed Infestations Using Remote Sensing”, 8 pages, Jul. 19, 2005. |
| Wright, et al., “Managing Grain Protein in Wheat Using Remote Sensing”, 12 pages, 2003. |
| “Malting Barley in Pennsylvania”, Agronomy Facts 77, 6 pages, Code EE0179 06/16. |
| “Green stem syndrome in soybeans”, Agronomy eUpdate Issue 478 Oct. 10, 2014, 3 pages. |
| “Keep Weed Seed Out of Your Harvest”, Aug. 8, 2019, 1 pages. |
| Hodrius et al., “The Impact of Multi-Sensor Data Assimilation on Plant Parameter Retrieval and Yield Estimation for Sugar Beet”, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. XL-7/W3, 2015, 36th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, May 11-15, 2015, Berlin, Germany, 7 pages. |
| Fernandez-Quintanilla et al., “Is the current state of the art of weed monitoring suitable for site-specific weed management in arable crops?”, Feb. 2018, 35 pages. |
| Anonymously, “Improved System and Method for Controlling Agricultural Vehicle Operation Using Historical Data”, Dec. 16, 2009, 8 pages. |
| Anonymously, “System and Method for Controlling Agricultural Vehicle Operation Using Historical Data”, Jun. 30, 2009, 8 pages. |
| “Leafsnap, a new mobile app that identifies plants by leaf shape, is launched by Smithsonian and collaborators”, May 2, 2011, 5 pages. |
| Insect Gallery, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Oct. 19, 2020, 8 pages. |
| Licht, “Influence of Corn Seeding Rate, Soil Attributes, and Topographic Characteristics on Grain Yield, Yield Components, and Grain Composition”, 2015, 107 pages. |
| “Notice of Retraction Virtual simulation of plant with individual stem based on crop growth model”, May 3, 2017, 7 pages. |
| Leland, “Who Did that? Identifying Insect Damage”, Apr. 1, 2015, 4 pages. |
| “How to improve maize protein content” https://www.yara.co.uk/crop-nutrition/forage-maize/improving-maize-protein-content, Sep. 30, 2020, 10 pages. |
| Hafemeister, “Weed control at harvest, combines are ideal vehicles for spreading weed seeds”, Sep. 25, 2019, 3 pages. |
| “Harvesting Tips”, Northern Pulse Growers Association, 9 pages, Jan. 31, 2001. |
| Wortmann et al., “Harvesting Crop Residues”, Aug. 10, 2020, 8 pages. |
| “Harvesting”, Oklahoma State University, Canola Swathing Guide, 2010, 9 pages, last accessed Jul. 14, 2020. |
| Hanna, “Harvest Tips for Lodged Corn”, Sep. 6, 2011, 3 pages. |
| “Green Weeds Complicate Harvest”, Crops, Slider, Sep. 26, 2012, 2 pages. |
| “Agrowatch Green Vegetation Index”, Retrieved Dec. 11, 2020, 4 pages. |
| “Grazing Corn Residues” (http://www.ca.uky.edu), 3 pages, Aug. 24, 2009. |
| Jarnevich et al., Forecasting Weed Distributions Using Climate Data: A GIS Early Warning Tool, Downloaded on Jul. 13, 2020, 12 pages. |
| Combine Cutting and Feeding Mechanisms in the Southeast, By J-K Park, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1963, 1 page. |
| Hartzler, “Fate of weed seeds in the soil”, 4 pages, Jan. 31, 2001. |
| Digman, “Combine Considerations for a Wet Corn Harvest”, Extension SpecialistUW—Madison, 3 pages, Oct. 29, 2009. |
| S-Series Combine and Front End Equipment Optimization, John Deere Harvester Works, 20 pages Date: Oct. 9, 2017. |
| Determining yield monitoring system delay time with geostatistical and data segmentation approaches (https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/50701000/cswq-0036-128359.pdf) Jul. 2002, 13 pages. |
| Precision Agriculture: Yield Monitors (dated Nov. 1998—metadata; last accessed Jul. 16, 2020) (https://extensiondata.missouri.edu/pub/pdf/envqual/wq0451.pdf) 4 pages. |
| Paul et al., “Effect of soil water status and strength on trafficability” (1979) (https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdfplus/10.4141/cjss79-035), 12 pages, Apr. 23, 1979. |
| Sick, “Better understanding corn hybrid characteristics and properties can impact your seed decisions” (https://emergence.fbn.com/agronomy/corn-hybrid-characteristics-and-properties-impact-seed-decisions) By Steve Sick, FBN Breeding Project Lead | Sep. 21, 2018, 8 pages. |
| Robertson et al., “Maize Stalk Lodging: Morphological Determinants of Stalk Strength” Mar. 2017, 10 pages. |
| Martin, et al., “Breakage Susceptibility and Hardness of Corn Kernels of Various Sizes and Shapes”, May 1987, 10 Pages. |
| Martin et al. Breakage Susceptibiltiy and Hardness of Corn Kernels of Various Sizes and Shapes, vol. 3(): May 1087. 10 pages. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e579/1b5363b6a78efd44adfb97755a0cdd14f7ca.pdf. |
| Hoff, “Combine Adjustments” (https://smallfarmersjournal.com/combine-adjustments/), Mar. 1943, 9 pages. |
| Optimizing Crop Profit Across Multiple Grain Attributes and Stover, Electronic Publication Date May 26. 2009, 17 pages. |
| Unglesbee. Soybean Pod Shatter—Bad Enough to Scout Before Harvest—DTN, Oct. 17, 2018, 11 pages, Susceptibility to shatter (https://agfax.com/2018/10/17/soybean-pod-shatter-bad-enough-to-scout-before-harvest-dtn/). |
| GIS Maps for Agricultural, accessed on May 10, 2022, 7 pages. https://www.satimagingcorp.com/services/geographic-information-systems/gis-maps-agriculture-mapping. |
| https://wingtra.com/drone-mapping-applications/use-of-drones-in-agriculture, accessed on May 10, 2022, 19 pages. |
| Energy Requirement Model for a Combine Harvester: Part 1: Development of Component Models, Published online Dec. 22, 2004, 17 pages. |
| Energy Requirement Model for a Combine Harvester, Part 2: Integration of Component Models, Published online Jan. 18, 2005, 11 pages. |
| Pioneer on reducing soybean harvest losses including combine adjustments (last accessed Jul. 23, 2020) (https://www.pioneer.com/us/agronomy/reducing_harvest_losses_in_soybeans.html), 5 pages. |
| Communication and Extended European Search Report issued in European Patent Application No. 21195170.2, dated Feb. 28, 2022, in 10 pages. |
| Application and Drawings for U.S. Appl. No. 16/175,993, filed Oct. 31, 2018, 28 pages. |
| Application and Drawings for U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,623, filed Apr. 10, 2019, 36 pages. |
| Application and Drawings for U.S. Appl. No. 16/783,511, filed Feb. 6, 2020, 55 pages. |
| “Automated Weed Detection With Drones” dated May 25, 2017, retrieved at: <<https://www.precisionhawk.com/blog/media/topic/automated-weed-identification-with-drones>>, retrieved on Jan. 21, 2020, 4 pages. |
| F. Forcella, “Estimating the Timing of Weed Emergence”, Site-Specific Management Guidelines, retrieved at: <<http://www.ipni.net/publication/ssmg.nsf/0/D26EC9A906F9B8C9852579E500773936/$FILE/SSMG-20.pdf>>, retrieved on Jan. 21, 2020, 4 pages. |
| Chauhan et al., “Emerging Challenges and Opportunities for Education and Research in Weed Science”, frontiers in Plant Science. Published online Sep. 5, 2017, 22 pages. |
| Apan, A., Wells ,N., Reardon-Smith, K, Richardson, L, McDougall, K, and Basnet, B.B., 2008. Predictive mapping of blackberry in the Condamine Catchment using logistic regression and spatial analysis. In Proceedings of the 2008 Queensland Spatial Conference: Global Warning: What's Happening in Paradise. Spatial Sciences Institute, 11 pages. |
| Jarnevich, C.S., Holcombe, T.R., Barnett, D.T., Stohlgren, T.J. and Kartesz, J.T., 2010. Forecasting weed distributions using climate data: a GIS early warning tool. Invasive Plant Science and Management. 3(4), pp. 365-375. |
| Sa et al., “WeedMap: A Large-Scale Semantic Weed Mapping Framework Using Aerial Multispectral Imaging and Deep Neural Network for Precision Farming”, Sep. 6, 2018, 25 pages. |
| Pflanz et al., “Weed Mapping with UAS Imagery and a Bag of Visual Words Based Image Classifier”, Published Sep. 24, 2018, 28 pages. |
| Provisional Application and Drawings for U.S. Appl. No. 62/928,964, filed Oct. 31, 2019, 14 pages. |
| Application and Drawings for U.S. Appl. No. 16/783,475, filed Feb. 6, 2020, 55 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/067,483 Application and Drawings filed Oct. 9, 2020, 63 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/066,442 Application and Drawings filed Oct. 8, 2020, 65 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,550, filed Apr. 10, 2019, Application and Drawings, 47 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/066,999 Application and Drawings filed Oct. 9, 2020, 67 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/066,444 Application and Drawings filed Oct. 8, 2020, 102 pages. |
| Extended Search Report for European Patent Application No. 20167930.5 dated Sep. 15, 2020, 8 pages. |
| Extended Search Report for European Patent Application No. 19205901.2 dated Mar. 17, 2020, 6 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/171,978, dated Dec. 15, 2020, 21 pages. |
| Zhigen et al., “Research of the Combine Harvester Load Feedback Control System Using Multi-Signal Fusion Method and Fuzzy Algorithm,” 2010, Publisher: IEEE, 5 pages. |
| Dan et al., “On-the-go Throughput Prediction in a Combine Harvester Using Sensor Fusion,” 2017, Publisher: IEEE, 6 pages. |
| Fernandez-Quintanilla et al., “Is the current state of the art of weed monitoring sutible for site-specific weed management in arable crops?”, First Published May 1, 2018, 4 pages. |
| Dionysis Bochtis et al. “Field Operations Planning for Agricultural Vehicles: A Hierarchical Modeling Framework.” Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal. Manuscript PM 06 021. vol. IX. Feb. 2007, pp. 1-11. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/432,557, filed Jun. 5, 2019, 61 pages. |
| European Search Report issued in counterpart European Patent Application No. 19205142.3 dated Feb. 28, 2020 (6 pages). |
| Mei-Ju et al., “Two paradigms in cellular Internet-of-Things access for energy-harvesting machine-to-machine devices: push-based versus pull-based,” 2016, vol. 6, 9 pages. |
| Yi et al., “An Efficient MAC Protocol With Adaptive Energy Harvesting for Machine-to-Machine Networks,” 2015, vol. 3, Publisher: IEEE, 10 pages. |
| European Search Report issued in European Patent Application No. 19203883.4 dated Mar. 23, 2020 (10 pages). |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/171,978 dated Oct. 28, 2020, 5 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/171,978, dated Aug. 7, 2020, 9 pages. |
| K.R. Manjunath et al., “Developing Spectral Library of Major Plant Species of Western Himalayas Using Ground Observations”, J. Indian Soc Remote Sen (Mar. 2014) 42(a):201-216, 17 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,564 Application and Drawings filed Apr. 10, 2019, 55 pages. |
| S. Veenadhari et al., “Machine Learning Approach For Forecasting Crop Yield Based on Climatic Parameters”, 2014 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI-2014) Jan. 3-6, 2014, Coimbatore, India, 5 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,531 dated Oct. 21, 2020, 10 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,531 Application and Drawings filed Apr. 10, 2019, 46 pages. |
| Prosecution History for U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,691 including: Notice of Allowance dated Mar. 10, 2021 and Application and Drawings filed Apr. 10, 2019, 46 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/831,216 Application and Drawings filed Mar. 26, 2020, 56 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,531 dated Apr. 5, 2021, 5 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220110252 A1 | Apr 2022 | US |
