Mass rate attenuator

Abstract

While a large primary stream (24) of analytes flow from a chromatographic column (20) to containers of a receiver (108), small samples of the analytes are diverted for flow to a mass spectrometer (54) for analysis, by use of a transfer module (102). The transfer module includes a stator (110) and a rotor or shuttle (114). The shuttle has an aliquot passage (120) that initially lies in a first position where the primary stream flows through it so the aliquot passage receives a small sample. The shuttle then moves to a second position where the aliquot passage (at 122) is aligned with a pump (134) that pumps fluid out of the aliquot passage to the mass spectrometer.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] A mixture of compounds, or analytes, can be separated by pumping the mixture through a separating device such as a chromatographic column. The outflow from the column may continue for perhaps several minutes, during which analytes of different molecular weights flow out at different times. Each analyte may flow out for a period such as a fraction of a minute. The analytes are delivered to a receiver where each analyte is stored in a separate container. At the same time as the column output is flowed to the receiver, a small amount of the column outlet is flowed to a mass spectrometer which indicates the molecular weight of each analyte. A prime use for the invention is to facilitate the purification of a synthesized compound during the development of a new drug. The products of the synthesis includes the desired synthesized compound (whose molecular weight is known), reactants and side products, all of which can be referred to as analytes.

[0003] In order for the mass spectrometer to function optimally, there should be a controlled low mass rate of analyte flowing into it. Such mass or flow rates should be easily adjustable and closely controllable despite variations in the flow rate of fluid passing through the column. The flow rate should be reproducibly controlled, which makes it easier for the mass spectrometer to unambiguously identify the collection vessel in which the desired synthesized compound should reside. It should be possible to select a desired carrier fluid to pump a predetermined volume, or fraction, of the analyte into the mass spectrometer, where the carrier fluid is different from the mobile phase used to pump the synthesized compound through the column. This is important because certain mobile phase fluids used in chromatographic columns contain dissolved buffer salts which can cause fouling of the mass spectrometer, and certain organic components of the mobile phase can inhibit optimum ionization of the analytes which is required in a mass spectrometer. In addition, the analyte mass transfer rate into the mass spectrometer should be very small, and generally should be a small fraction of the total analyte flow rate through the column. The analyte mass rates that flow from a preparative chromatographic column are inherently large, but the mass spectrometer does not tolerate a large analyte mass rate. A large mass rate can result in a lingering or tailing signal that distorts the results of a mass spectrometer, and a large mass rate can change the dielectric properties of the system and cause a momentary loss of signal.

[0004] Thus, a device that could separate out a very small but closely controlled portion of a large primary stream for flow of the portion along a secondary path, would be of value.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a transfer module is provided for passing a small portion of a high flow rate primary stream of dissolved analytes along a secondary path leading to an analyzer for analysis of the analytes. The transfer module includes a stator having a pair of primary stator passages and a pair of secondary stator passages. The module also includes a shuttle with an aliquot passage that has opposite end portions and that can move between first and second shuttle positions. The opposite end portion of the aliquot chamber are each aligned with one or both of the primary stator passages in the first shuttle position, so that a flow from one primary passage to the other primary passage results in the aliquot passage being filled with a portion of such flow. In the second shuttle position, the aliquot passage opposite end portions are each aligned with a different one of the secondary stator passages. This allows a carrier fluid to be pumped through the secondary passages and the aliquot passage for flow to the analyzer.

[0006] In one mass transfer module, there is a single interface between the stator and shuttle. The first and second primary passages merge at a bypass region that is open to the interface. This allows a large flow between the primary and secondary passages without requiring such flow to pass through the aliquot passage, while allowing such flow to quickly fill the aliquot passage. The aliquot passage can be formed by a groove in the face of the shuttle, so it can be quickly filled.

[0007] The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention will be best understood from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art separating and analyzing system.

[0009] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a separating and analyzing system of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] FIG. 3 is a partially isometric view of a separating and analyzing system of another embodiment of the invention.

[0011] FIG. 4 is an exploded isometric view of a transfer module of another embodiment of the invention.

[0012] FIG. 5 is an exploded isometric view of a transfer module of another embodiment of the invention.

[0013] FIG. 6 is an exploded isometric view of a transfer module of another embodiment of the invention.

[0014] FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of the module of FIG. 6 in its assembled condition.

[0015] FIG. 8 is an elevation view of the stator face of the module of FIG. 6.

[0016] FIG. 9 is a front elevation view of a face of a shuttle of another embodiment of the invention.

[0017] FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken on line 10-10 of FIG. 9.

[0018] FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken on line 11-11 of FIG. 9.

[0019] FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken on line 12-12 of FIG. 9.

[0020] FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a portion of a transfer module of another embodiment of the invention

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] FIG. 1 shows a prior art separating and analyzing system 10 in which a sample 12 with components to be separated, is injected into a stream of mobile phase fluid emanating from a source 14 and pump 16 and flowed into a preparatory chromatographic column 20. The fluid passing through the column is separated by the column into compounds, or components, of different molecular weights. The output 22 of the column is a primary stream 24 that passes along a tube 26 into a first leg 31 of a Tee connector 30. A second leg 32 of the connector carries almost all of the fluid passing along the primary stream, to a zone detector 34. The zone detector 34, which may be an ultraviolet detector, detects when zones containing different compounds pass through it. The flow through the zone detector passes through a nozzle 36 which deposits the sample into a selected one of many containers 40. Whenever the zone detector detects a new compound, it delivers a signal along line 42 to a positioner 44 that repositions the nozzle or the containers, to deposit the compounds into different containers.

[0022] A small portion of the primary stream 24 emanating from the column 20, passes through a third leg 50 of the Tee connector through a narrow tube 51 that lies in the third leg. This creates a secondary stream 52 which may include perhaps 1% of the flow rate through the primary stream 24. The secondary stream moves to a mass spectrometer 54 where the molecular weight of the compound is determined.

[0023] The primary stream 24 may contain several zones, with each zone passing a point along the tube 26 for a period of perhaps 5 to 20 seconds before a next zone containing another compound reaches that point along the tube 26. Of course, these are just examples, and the actual quantities can vary greatly. A common flow rate along the primary stream 24 is 30 mL/min, or 500 μL/sec. A common flow rate along the secondary stream 52 may be less than 1% of the primary flow. The ratio between these flow rates, called the split ratio, was previously achieved by placing the narrow tube 51 within the secondary stream.

[0024] The approach of the prior art shown in FIG. 1 has many disadvantages. In order that the mass rate along the secondary stream 52 be a small fraction of the primary stream, the diameter of the passage in the tube 51 had to be very small, which could cause partial or complete plugging. The flow rate of the carrier fluid along the secondary stream 52 could not be easily adjusted. It could be adjusted only by substituting a new tube 51 for a previous one. The flow rate along the secondary stream 52 could not be reproducibly controlled with high reliability. Partial blocking of the tubes leading from the second or third legs 32, 50 could change the split ratio and therefore the flow rate along the secondary stream 52. The composition of a carrier fluid (the mobile phase fluid 14) that carried the analyte through the mass spectrometer, and the fluid for pumping the secondary stream through the mass spectrometer, could not each be optimized, because they had to be the same. The analyte mass transfer rate into the mass spectrometer could not be readily made very small (a small fraction of 1%), for the reasons discussed above. The present invention avoids the above disadvantages.

[0025] FIG. 2 shows a separating and analyzing system 100 of the present invention, that avoids the disadvantages listed above for the prior art system of FIG. 1. The system 100 comprises a mass rate attenuator 101 that includes a transfer module 102, and a frequency controller 142 that controls operation of an actuator 141 that operates the transfer module. The system also includes a secondary stream pump 134 (or source of pressured carrier fluid) that pumps a carrier fluid from a source 132 through a carrier fluid tube 136 and through the transfer module, and a transfer tube 140 that carries a secondary flow 104 to the mass spectrometer 54. In this system, the transport of analytes (compounds in the stream from the column 20) into the mass spectrometer is accomplished by a secondary stream 130 that is distinct from the primary stream 24 that represents the output of the chromatographic column 20. The transfer of analytes from the primary stream 24 to the secondary path 104 is accomplished by the transfer module 102. It may be noted that when an analyte is present in a column effluent at 22, the analyte may constitute perhaps 4% of the mass of the stream, with the rest being the mobile phase fluid 14.

[0026] In the system of FIG. 2, the sample inlet 12, mobile phase fluid source 14, pump 16, column output 22 and tube 26 that carries the primary stream 24, are all the same as in the prior art shown in FIG. 1. However, instead of the Tee connector, the system uses the transfer module 102 which works in association with the pump 134, the carrier fluid tube 136 and the transfer tube 140 to deliver analyte to the mass spectrometer 54 for analysis. The transfer module 102 creates a small secondary flow of analyte along a secondary path 104 to the mass spectrometer 54. This occurs while flowing most of the primary stream 24 along a main path 106 to a receiver 108. The receiver, which receives most of the analyte, includes the zone detector 34, the nozzle 36, the containers 40, and the positioner 44 that positions the nozzle.

[0027] The transfer module 102 includes a stator 110 with two stator parts 111, 112 and a rotor 114. The rotor has a pair of passages 120, 122. A first passage 120 is an aliquot chamber or passage which initially lies in a first position at 120, in line with the primary stream 24 and the main path 106. As fluid moves along the primary stream 24, such fluid, with analyte in it, fills the aliquot passage 120 while it lies in its first position. The rotor 114 then rotates until the aliquot passage 120 occupies a second position previously occupied by a flowthrough passage 122. A third passage (not shown) in the rotor 114 allows the primary stream 24 to continue to flow while the rotor is in the second position.

[0028] With the aliquot passage 120 at the second position which was previously occupied by the flowthrough passage 122, a secondary stream 130 flows through the aliquot passage at 122. The secondary stream 130 is created by pumping a carrier fluid from the source 132 through the pump 134, and through the carrier fluid tube 136 to the transfer module. The secondary stream 130 flows through the aliquot passage (at the position 122) and through the transfer tube 140 along a secondary path 104 to the mass spectrometer 54. In one example, analyte passing along the primary stream 24 will pass through a point such as the column outlet 22, for a period of about 5 to 20 seconds, with the stream 24 moving at a mass rate of 30 mL/min, or 500 μL/sec. In this example, the aliquot passage 120 has a volume of 0.6 μL. As a result, when the aliquot passage 120 is placed in series with the primary stream 24, the aliquot passage will quickly fill with the mobile phase (with an analyte mixed in therewith). After the aliquot passage is filled, the rotor 114 is quickly turned to move the aliquot passage to the position at 122.

[0029] With the aliquot passage at 122 and filled with the mobile phase and analyte, the contents of the aliquot passage is ready for movement along the secondary path 104. The secondary stream 130, which flows at a rate of 0.3 mL/min, or 5 μL/sec, will push analyte and mobile phase out of the aliquot passage at 122 toward the spectrometer. As soon as the transfer mobile phase with analyte is flowed out of the aliquot passage at the position 120, the rotor is turned back to the original first position where the aliquot passage 122 is aligned with the primary stream 24, where it will again be filled with a mobile phase (with analyte).

[0030] In the above example, the rotor can be switched back and forth during any period ranging from perhaps 0.1 to 10 seconds, or in other words, on an order of magnitude of one second. About the time that the results from the mass spectrometer 54 are received, the zone detector 34 is detecting the analyte zone and the output of the mass spectrometer reports the molecular weight of the analyte to a data system.

[0031] The flow of fluid through the aliquot passage 120 (at second position 122) and through a tube 140 is essentially laminar. That is, the fluid velocity down the axis of the passage or tube is twice the average velocity, with the fluid velocity at the wall of tube being zero. The envelope of fluid velocity vectors across the diameter of the tube is the bullet shape that is well known in the field of hydrodynamics. Consequently, the contents of the aliquot passage do not exit into the transfer tube as a well defined plug zone, but rather as a zone that disburses and that continues to disburse as it travels along the transfer tube 140. Thus, the contents of the aliquot passage becomes smeared out along the length of the tube 140. If the aliquot passage is cycled between its two positions with a high enough frequency, the result is a continuous mass flow of analyte into the mass spectrometer.

[0032] In one set of experiments conducted with a transfer module of the type shown in FIG. 2, the aliquot passage volume was between 0.1 μL and 1 μL, with a volume of 0.6 μL being assumed in the following discussion. This occurred where the flow rate through the preparative column 20 was 30 mL/min (500 μL/sec). The flow rate along the secondary stream 130 was 300 μL/min (5 μL/sec). In the absence of dispersion, one would expect the aliquot passage 120 to be swept out in about 0.12 second, although due to dispersion the flush out time is somewhat longer and a somewhat longer time is allowed. The transfer tube 140 had an inside diameter of 0.005 inch and was four inches long, so it contained 1.3 μL. We have found experimentally, that under these conditions the frequency of aliquot transfer could be varied between one aliquot every four seconds and two aliquots per second, to obtain good results.

[0033] The rate of analyte mass transferred to the mass spectrometer can be controlled not only by the transfer frequency, but also by the dwell time in the second position and the flow rate of the secondary stream. The analyte mass rate flowing to the mass spectrometer can be reduced to extremely low values, even when using an aliquot passage that is not very small, by minimizing the dwell time and flow rate. Extremely low analyte mass rate is achieved with short dwells in the second position and/or low flow rate of the secondary stream resulting in aliquot transfers less than the aliquot volume for each cycle, while producing a largely uniform flow rate of analyte into the mass spectrometer. The actuator 141, which is typically a stepping motor, can move the rotor to change the aliquot passage position from 120 to 122 and vice versa, in less than 0.1 second. Thus, most of the time the aliquot passage lies in one or the other of the two positions. In the above experiments, the position of the rotor was switched at a frequency of between 2 per second to one per four seconds, with each switching including back and forth movement. As a result of such operation, the concentration of analyte reaching the mass spectrometer at the end of the transfer tube varied about proportionally with the variation in analyte concentration along the primary stream 24. While the prior art can be characterized by the split ratio of the flow rate, the mass rate attenuator of this invention can be characterized by a mass rate ratio. The mass rate ratio is the ratio between the mass transfer rate (which can be expressed in units of μg/sec, where g is grams), along the secondary path 104 that flows to the mass spectrometer, as a fraction of the mass transfer rate in the primary stream 24 that emerges from the column 20. As previously mentioned, the ratio is large if the mass transfer rate entering the mass spectrometer is to be low enough to provide good performance. With a primary stream flow of 500 μL/sec, an aliquot passage volume of 0.6 μL, and a rotor back and forth movement rate of 2 per second, the ratio was 417 to 1. If the cycle frequency is reduced to one per second, than the mass rate ratio drops to 833 to 1. Experimental measurements at all of these cycle frequencies, has demonstrated that the observed mass rate reductions correspond closely to those predicted. In substantially all cases, the aliquot passage is switched at a frequency of between 10 per second and 0.2 per second (once per 5 seconds), to distribute the analyte largely uniformly at the inlet of the mass spectrometer.

[0034] One problem encountered with a transfer module of a type shown at 102 in FIG. 2, is that the diameter of the aliquot passage 120 is still too small to flow almost all of the primary stream along the main path 106 at any reasonable pressure drop. To avoid this, applicant provides a bypass path. FIG. 3 shows an example where a bypass device 150 is provided in addition to the transfer module 102 of the type shown in FIG. 2. The bypass device 150 includes a pipe 152 having a much greater diameter than the diameter of the aliquot passage 120. This allows a considerable continuous flow (e.g. 30 mL/min or 500 μL/sec) without a large pressure drop, by directing most of the flow through the bypass device 150. A restrictor 154 includes a restriction tube 156 that assures that there is at least a moderate pressure drop through the restrictor, to assure that there is a moderate flow rate through the aliquot passage 120.

[0035] FIG. 4 shows a transfer module 170 wherein the bypass function is incorporated in the same device that forms the aliquot passage at 120A. The transfer module includes a stator 175 with two parts 174, 184 and a rotor 180. The primary stream 24 passes from the column along a tube 26 to a primary passage inlet 172 of the stator first part 174. A high flow proximal end 178 of the first primary passage is aligned with a high flow passage 176 in the rotor 180. The passage in the rotor is aligned with a high flow proximal end 179 of a second primary passage 182 in the second stator part 184. Although the rotor can turn by a predetermined angle A such as 60° between its two extreme positions, the passage 176 is always in communication with the inlet and outlet 172, 184. As a result, there is a constant large flow from the primary stream 24 to the main path 106, which commonly carries more than 99% of the volume of the primary stream.

[0036] The first stator 174 has a channel 190 forming a lowflow end part, that carries a small portion of the primary stream into a position in alignment with the aliquot passage in its first position 120A. This allows some of the fluid passing along the primary stream 24, to pass through the channel 190, through the aliquot passage 120A, through another lowflow end part or channel 191, and to the highflow second passage 182 and to the main path 106. This flow fills the aliquot passage 120A with a small portion of the primary stream. When the rotor 180 is turned clockwise C by the angle A, the aliquot passage 120A moves to the position 122A previously occupied by the flowthrough tube at 122A. Then, the aliquot passage 120A is in line with the secondary stream 130. Flow along the secondary stream 130 and through one secondary passage 131, pushes the aliquot of fluid in the aliquot passage, out through another passage 192 and along the secondary path 104 to the mass spectrometer.

[0037] The volume of the aliquot passage 120A may be the same volume as the aliquot chamber 120 in FIG. 2 (e.g. 0.6 μL). An advantage of the transfer module 170 of FIG. 4 over that of FIG. 3, is that the division of the primary stream 24 into the portion that fills the aliquot passage at 120A and the portion that continues along the main path 106, occurs at a location at the channel 190, which is very close to the primary stream 24. If the velocity through the main path 106 and the secondary path 104 is the same, then, with knowledge of the passage time to the zone detector and sample containers and the passage time to and through the mass spectrometer, there can be more certain knowledge as to what particular analyte is passing through the zone detector 34 when the output of the mass spectrometer is available, to better match them.

[0038] The width of the rotor passage 176 can be partially restricted as by using a smaller passage 176A, to create a more rapid flow through the aliquot tube 120. It is noted that in FIG. 4, there are two interfaces 197 and 198 where faces of the two stator parts 174,184 lie facewise adjacent to corresponding faces of the rotor 180.

[0039] Mechanical pressure is applied to press the stack of parts 174, 180, 184 together, to prevent leakage. The rotor 180 can be rotatably mounted by a shaft (not shown) extending through a hole 196 in the rotor. Such shaft can extend through corresponding holes in the two stator parts, although the stator parts are prevented from rotating.

[0040] The rotor 180 can be referred to as a shuttle that pivots by the angle A about the axis 199, with the shuttle repeatedly moving back and forth between its first and second positions. It is also possible to slide a shuttle along a straight line (with or without turning) between two shuttle positions.

[0041] FIG. 5 shows a transfer module 200 that includes a single stator part 202 and a single rotor 204 that lie facewise adjacent at a single interface 205. in this case, the aliquot passage 206 has opposite ends 210, 212 that both open to the single stator 202. Flowthrough tube 230 is similar constructed. The primary stream is shown at 214 while the main path is shown at 216. The secondary stream secondary path are shown at 220, 222.

[0042] FIGS. 6-8 show a transfer module 250 that applicant has built and successfully tested, which has additional advantages over the prior art. FIG. 6 shows that the transfer module includes a stator 252 and a shuttle or rotor 254. The stator has a proximal face 256 which is pressed facewise against a proximal face 258 of the rotor. The stator has two primary passages 260, 262 which carry fluid at high flow rates. The primary stream 24 passes into the first primary passage 260, and perhaps 99% or more of it passages out through the second primary passage 262 to flow along the main path 106 to a receiver. A pair of secondary passages 270, 272 are provided in the stator, wherein the first one 270 carries the second stream 130 of carrier fluid from a pump. The second secondary passage 272 is connected to the secondary path 104 which leads to the mass spectrometer or other analyzing device.

[0043] The rotor 254 has an aliquot passage 280 with opposite end portions 282, 284 which can be moved between the first position at 280 and a second position at 280A which is spaced by angle A such as 60° from the first position. When the aliquot passage is in the first position at 280, it receives fluid passing along the primary stream. When the aliquot passage moves to the second position at 280A, carrier fluid pumped in along the secondary stream 130 pushes out the contents of the aliquot passage to flow it out through the second secondary passage 272 and along the secondary path 104.

[0044] FIG. 7 shows that the primary passages 260, 262 merge at a bypass 290 that is located in the stator 252. This allows a high flow rate between the primary passages 260, 262 and very rapidly sweeps out the contents of the aliquot passage 280 and fills it with fluid from the primary stream 24. After the aliquot passage 280 has remained for a short time in its first position shown in FIG. 7, the rotor 254 is turned to the second position where the contents of the aliquot passage can be flowed along the secondary path.

[0045] FIG. 8 shows the shape of the bypass 290 at the proximal face 256 of the stator. The shape of the bypass at the face 256 is somewhat like a figure eight. The aliquot passage is shown in its first position at 280. It is noted that the aliquot passage could have other orientations such as shown at 280C, and still the aliquot passage would quickly fill with primary stream fluid. With the aliquot passage in the orientation 280, it can be seen that when the rotor is turned to the second position so the aliquot passage is at 280A, then opposite end portions of the passage will be aligned with ends 270e, 272e of the two secondary passages 270, 272 in the stator for rapid flowout of the fluid in the aliquot passage.

[0046] In FIG. 6, the opposite end portions 282, 284 of the aliquot passage lie on concentric circles 290, 292 of different diameters, and the rotor turns about an axis 294. With the bypass arrangement of FIGS. 6-8, the aliquot passage is very rapidly filled with fluid in its first position. This allows rapid cycling of the rotor or shuttle, at a back and forth rate such as every 0.5 second, or even faster. This arrangement also assures that also all fluid in the aliquot passage will be changed every time the passage returns to the first position.

[0047] FIG. 9 shows a portion of a modified rotor 300, which includes three different aliquot passages 302, 304 and 306. The rotor has three corresponding flowthrough passage 312, 314 and 316. Each aliquot passage such as 302 has opposite end portions 320, 322 that lie on concentric circles 324, 326 with a center at 328. In FIG. 9, each of the aliquot passages such as 302 extends at an incline E of 30° from a radial direction, to provide a longer distance between the opposite end portions, so as to reduce leakage. In a transfer module with a rotor of the construction shown in FIG. 9 that applicant has successfully tested, the first aliquot passage 302 had a width of 8 mils (1 mil equals one thousandth inch), a length of 36 mils, and a depth of 6 mils. This resulted in an aliquot passage capacity of 22 nL (nanoliters). The second aliquot passage 304 had a width of 12 mils, a length of 40 mils, and a depth of 15 mils, for a capacity of 100 nL. The third aliquot passage 306 was largely in the form of a rhombus with curved corners. The capacity of the third aliquot passage 306 was 360 nL.

[0048] The provision of a plurality of aliquot passages of widely differing storage capacity, where one has more than twice the storage capacity of another, enables large adjustments in the flow rate along the secondary path to the spectrometer, while maintaining a rapid cycling of the rotor or other shuttle between its first and second positions. Rapid cycling is useful to assure that the analyte being analyzed by the mass spectrometer is the same as the analyte detected by the zone detector, by assuring that there is a minimum time difference between the same analyte reaching each of them.

[0049] Although applicant has described the rotor or shuttle being moved between two positions while the stator remains stationary, it is possible to instead move the stator and keep the rotor stationary relative to a table top or the like. However, this would require movement of the ends of the tubes that connect to such moving stator, which can result in multiple flexing and fatigue failure of such tubes unless precautions are taken to prevent this. It is also noted that it is possible to move the rotor or other shuttle between more than two different positions in use, although there is generally no good reason to do so.

[0050] FIG. 13 shows a portion of a transfer module 350 that is somewhat similar to that of FIGS. 6-8, but with the interface 352 being a cylindrical face centered on an axis 354, instead of being a flat face. The rotor 356 forms the aliquot passage 360 and flowthrough passage 362. In the first position at 360, primary passages 364, 366 merge at a bypass 370 that is in communication with the aliquot passage 360. In the second position where the aliquot passage 360 assumes the position at 362, opposite end portions of the aliquot passage are aligned with secondary passages 372, 374.

[0051] Thus, the invention provides an improvement for a system where fluid is moved from a chromatographic column or similar separating device to a receiver, and that efficiently transfers a small portion of the fluid to a mass spectrometer or similar analyzing device. The system includes a transfer module with a stator and with a rotor or other shuttle. The shuttle has an aliquot passage that moves from a first position wherein at least a portion of the aliquot passage is aligned with one of the primary passages to receive fluid that is passing out of the chromatographic column or other separating device to at least partially fill the analyte passage. In the second shuttle position, end portions of the shuttle are aligned with end portions of secondary passages, to allow a carrier fluid to be pumped through the aliquot passage and thereby pump the contents of the passage to the spectrometer or other analyzing device. The stator can include a single part that forms a single interface with the shuttle. The stator can form a bypass where the two primary passages intersect, and with the bypass open to the interface to rapidly fill the aliquot passage while enabling rapid flow through the primary passages.

[0052] Although particular embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated herein, it is recognized that modifications and variations may readily occur to those skilled in the art, and consequently, it is intended that the claims be interpreted to cover such modifications and equivalents.

Claims

1. A transfer module for passing a small portion of a high flow rate primary stream of dissolved analytes to a secondary path leading to an analyzer for analysis of the analyte, comprising: a stator having a pair of primary stator passages and a pair of secondary stator passages; a shuttle that has an aliquot passage with opposite end portions, said shuttle being movable between first and second positions relative to said stator; said opposite end portions of said aliquot passage are each aligned with at least one of said primary stator passages in said first shuttle position and said aliquot passage opposite end portions are each aligned with a different one of said secondary stator passages in said second shuttle position, to thereby move a sample of fluid flowing along said primary stream into said secondary path.

2. The transfer module descried in claim 1 wherein: said shuttle has a flowthrough shuttle passage that is positioned with its opposite end portions each aligned with one of said secondary stator passages when said shuttle is in said first shuttle position.

3. The transfer module described in claim 1 including: a bypass that has a large enough cross-section to pass fluid therethrough at a flow rate that is a plurality of times the flow rate through said aliquot passage for the same pressure drop across them; said bypass connecting said primary passages in series, and connecting said aliquot passage in parallel with said primary passages when said aliquot passage lies in said first shuttle position and said bypass continuing to flow fluid through said primary passages in series when said aliquot passage does not lie in said first position.

4. The transfer module described in claim 1 wherein: a first (172) of said primary passages has a first proximal end that is closest to said shuttle, said first proximal end having highflow and lowflow end parts, and the second of said primary stator passages has a second proximal end with highflow and lowflow second proximal end parts; said shuttle has a highflow passage that is aligned with said first and second highflow end parts in both said first and second shuttle positions, and said aliquot passage opposite end portions are aligned with said lowflow end parts of said primary stator passages in said first shuttle position.

5. The transfer module described in claim 1 wherein: said stator includes a single stator part having a proximal stator face, with both of said primary passages and both of said secondary passages open at said proximal stator face, and said shuttle has a proximal shuttle face that lies facewise adjacent to said proximal stator face; said aliquot passage opposite end portions each lies at said proximal shuttle face and are spaced apart thereat, with each of said aliquot passage end portions aligned with at least one of said primary passages in said first shuttle position, and with each of said aliquot passage ends aligned with a different one of said secondary passages in said second shuttle position.

6. The transfer module describe in claim 5 wherein: said stator forms a bypass that connects together said pair of primary passages, with said bypass open at said proximal stator face, and with said aliquot passage end portions each open to said bypass in said first shuttle position.

7. The transfer module described in claim 1 including: a source of high pressure fluid that includes a mixture of said analytes with a mobile phase fluid, said source connected to a first of said primary stator passages; an analyte receiver which includes a plurality of containers for receiving said analytes, said receiver connected to a second of said primary stator passages; a source of pressured carrier fluid connected to a first of said secondary stator passage to pump said carrier fluid therein, and an analyzing instrument connected to the other secondary stator passage to receive a sample of said analytes in largely carrier fluid from said aliquot passage.

8. The transfer module described in claim 1 wherein: a powered switching actuator that is mechanically connected to said shuttle and that repeatedly moves said shuttle back and forth between said first and second shuttle positions.

9. The transfer module described in claim 8 including: said actuator is constructed to repeatedly move said shuttle between said positions at a rate that is on the order of magnitude of one movement back and forth between said shuttle positions per second.

10. Apparatus for transferring a small portion of a primary stream that comprises at least some of the combination of mobile phase fluid and dissolved analytes passing out of a preparative chromatographic column or similar separating device toward a receiver, to a mass spectrometer or similar analyzing device whose inlet flow rate must be a small fraction of a flow rate of said primary stream, comprising: an analyte mass rate attenuator which includes a transfer module, a secondary stream pump means which pumps a secondary stream, a carrier tube connecting said secondary stream pump means to said transfer module, a transfer tube connecting said transfer module to said analyzing device, a primary stream tube connecting said primary stream to said transfer module, and a main path outlet for carrying away most of said primary stream to said receiver; said transfer module includes a stator and a shuttle, where said stator and said shuttle have at least one pair of adjacent surfaces; said secondary stream pump means is constructed to pump a carrier fluid at a flow rate that can be less than 10% of the flow rate along said primary stream; said stator has a first primary passage coupled to said primary stream and has a second primary passage coupled to said main path; said stator has first and second secondary passages coupled respectively to said carrier tube and to said transfer tube; said shuttle is moveable between first and second positions and has an aliquot passage with opposite end portions; said transfer module includes means for flowing fluid from said first primary passage to said aliquot passage to fill it when said shuttle lies in said first position, and for coupling said aliquot passage to said secondary passage to allow said secondary stream to pump at least part of the contents of said aliquot passage along said transfer tube, when said shuttle lies in said second position.

11. The apparatus described in claim 10 wherein: said first and second primary passages merge in said stator at a bypass that opens to one of said surfaces of said shuttle, and said secondary passage has opposite ends that both lie on said one of said surfaces of said shuttle.

12. The apparatus described in claim 10 wherein: said stator has two stator parts that each has a face, and said shuttle has two faces each lying facewise against a different one of said stator faces, said shuttle having a high flow passage; each of said stator parts has a channel connected to one of said primary passages and having a lowflow end part that lies at a face of the corresponding stator part and that is aligned with an end of said aliquot passage in said first position, and each primary passage has a highflow end part aligned with said high flow passage in both said first and second shuttle positions.

13. A transfer module for passing a small portion of a high flow rate primary stream of dissolved analytes, to a secondary path for flow of the small portion to an analyzer for analysis of the analytes, comprising: A stator having a pair of primary stator passages and a pair of secondary passages; a shuttle that has an aliquot passage with opposite end portions, said shuttle being moveable between first and second positions relative to said stator; said stator has a single proximal stator face and said shuttle has a single proximal shuttle face that lies facewise against said proximal stator face; said opposite end potions of said aliquot passage are each open at said proximal shuttle face; said stator has a bypass where said stator passages are connected together to flow most of the fluid in said primary stream from one to the other of said primary passages without all of said fluid reaching said proximal stator face, but with said bypass being open to said proximal shuttle face to flow some of the fluid in said primary stream to said aliquot passage in said first position of said shuttle; said secondary passages have proximal ends that open at said proximal stator face, and said opposite ends of said aliquot passage are each connected with a different one of said secondary passage proximal ends in said second shuttle position.

14. The transfer module described in claim 13 wherein: said shuttle has a plurality of different aliquot chambers with said aliquot passage forming a first of said aliquot chambers, said aliquot chambers having different volumes; said shuttle is moveable between third and fourth positions relative to said stator, with a second of said aliquot chambers having a portion aligned with said bypass in said third shuttle position, and with said second chamber having opposite end portions aligned with said secondary passage proximal ends in said fourth position of said shuttle.

15. A method for flowing a portion of a primary stream of dissolved analytes to an analyzing device, comprising: flowing at least a portion of said primary stream into a first primary passage of a stator; positioning an aliquot passage of a shuttle that lies in a first shuttle position, in communication with said first primary passage and flowing a portion of fluid flowing into said primary passage, to said aliquot passage to at least partially fill said aliquot passage; moving said shuttle to a second shuttle position relative to said stator to move said aliquot passage to a second aliquot passage position in communication with first and second secondary passages, and pumping fluid lying in said aliquot passage toward said analyzing device when said shuttle lies in said second position.

16. The method described in claim 15 wherein: said stator has a second primary passage and said stator has a single proximal stator face; said step of flowing a portion of fluid to said aliquot passage to fill it, includes flowing fluid from said first primary passage to said second primary passage through a bypass connection that is open to said aliquot passage in said first position thereof.

17. The method described in claim 15 wherein: said stator has at least one stator face and said shuttle has at least one shuttle face that lies facewise against said at least one stator face, said aliquot passage having first and second opposite end portions each opening to said at least one shuttle face; said step of flowing a portion of fluid to said aliquot passage includes flowing fluid from said first primary passage into said first end of said aliquot passage and through said aliquot passage to a second end of said aliquot passage that opens to said at least one stator face and through a second primary passage of said stator, while said aliquot passage lies in said first position.