Patent Grant
7807971
The disclosure relates to methods for determining moisture content of composite materials. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a method for accurately assessing moisture content in a composite material using near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy.
Resin-fiber composite materials are utilized in a variety of applications including the aerospace industry, for example. Composite materials may absorb atmospheric moisture over time. The integrity of composite bonded repairs may be compromised as a result of absorbing moisture. Determining the quantity of moisture, which is present in a composite material, may facilitate determination of which steps are needed prior to bonding of the composite material.
Therefore, a method for accurately assessing moisture content in a composite material using field portable and user friendly near-infrared or mid-infrared spectroscopy is needed.
The present disclosure is generally directed to a method of determining moisture content of a composite material. An illustrative embodiment of the method includes obtaining a calibration for moisture content in a series of composite material samples using the IR spectra of infrared energy reflected from the composite material samples, providing a series of moisture standards in appropriate composite materials that have increasing steps of moisture content, performing the multivariate calibration of IR spectra to moisture content with appropriate pre-processing of the IR spectra as needed and then using that calibration to predict the moisture content in the same type of composite materials where the moisture content is not known.
The disclosure is further generally directed to a method of determining a physical property of a composite material (for example weight percent moisture and/or G1c value for bond strength by the double cantilever beam bond toughness test). An illustrative embodiment of the method includes obtaining a value for a physical property of a composite material sample as a function of moisture content of the composite material sample, obtaining a calibration between moisture content of the composite material sample and a spectrum of infrared energy reflected from the composite material sample, obtaining a calibration between the spectrum of infrared energy reflected from the composite material sample and the value for a physical property of the composite material sample, and using the calibration to predict the physical properties of composite materials in question from the IR spectra of those materials in question.
The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the described embodiments or the application and uses of the described embodiments. As used herein, the word “exemplary” or “illustrative” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described herein as “exemplary” or “illustrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. All of the implementations described below are exemplary implementations provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding technical field, background, brief summary or the following detailed description.
Referring initially to
In block 106, the infrared data is preprocessed with an appropriate algorithm to provide the best data for the calibration of spectral data to moisture content. In block 108, the multivariate calibration is preformed. This of often a Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression of moisture content data to the infrared spectra. In block 110, the calibration model is saved in an appropriate format and is loaded into the hand held device that will be used to make measurements of material in question. In block 112 the calibration model in the spectrometer is used to predict moisture content on materials in question using new spectra on those materials.
Referring next to
In block 206, the dry standards are put into a heat and humidity chamber to increase their moisture content. In block 208, the standards are weighed periodically until an increase of about 0.2%. With each increase of 0.2% weight a pair of standards are measured with a hand-held spectrometer and then the pair are bonded together in order to test the bond strength at the increased moisture content level. In block 210, the bonded panels are cut to an appropriate size for the bond strength test and the bond strength test is performed. In block 212 steps 208 and 210 are repeated until there is no further weight change or until the bond strength test results are consistently poor.
Referring next to
Referring next to
Referring next to
Each of the processes of method 78 may be performed or carried out by a system integrator, a third party, and/or an operator (e.g., a customer). For the purposes of this description, a system integrator may include without limitation any number of aircraft manufacturers and major-system subcontractors; a third party may include without limitation any number of vendors, subcontractors, and suppliers; and an operator may be an airline, leasing company, military entity, service organization, and so on.
As shown in
The apparatus embodied herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages of the production and service method 78. For example, components or subassemblies corresponding to production process 84 may be fabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components or subassemblies produced while the aircraft 94 is in service. Also one or more apparatus embodiments may be utilized during the production stages 84 and 86, for example, by substantially expediting assembly of or reducing the cost of an aircraft 94. Similarly, one or more apparatus embodiments may be utilized while the aircraft 94 is in service, for example and without limitation, to maintenance and service 92.
Although the embodiments of this disclosure have been described with respect to certain exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the specific embodiments are for purposes of illustration and not limitation, as other variations will occur to those of skill in the art.
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