1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to engaging persons with memory loss and, more particularly, to a game adapted to provide therapy for persons suffering from memory loss.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is well known that many persons suffer increasing loss of memory with advanced age due to a variety of factors. However, memory loss is limited not only to the elderly, as victims of head injuries, strokes and other illnesses also can suffer memory loss. Memory loss often is frustrating for these individuals, and can lead to a reduction in quality of life and additional health problems. While significant advances in therapy and treatment have been made in recent years, it remains difficult to reverse memory loss, especially memory loss due to advanced age. Many people with memory loss require care in long-term care, assisted living and adult day-care facilities. Activities staff and/or family members try to provide cognitive stimulation through a variety of techniques, such as playing games, making crafts, and providing entertainment, but such efforts often are not effective.
It is believed that the activities with the most therapeutic benefit are those that actively engage the mind, such as solving problems or answering questions, rather than those that passively engage the mind, such as watching television. It further is believed that an environment involving a number of people instead of a solitary environment also is therapeutic. Games that provide mental stimulation and mental engagement, and which provide opportunities for a number of people to interact, are best for persons having memory impairment. While games directed specifically to memory-impaired persons are known, such games have a number of drawbacks.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,244,577 discloses a diagnostic memory skill game that is played by students together with a teacher. The game is played on a game board having player areas. One of the player areas is occupied by the teacher, who plays the game with the students. Individual question cards are read one at a time to each of the players by the teacher. If the question is answered correctly, the question card is placed in a “mastered” area. If the question is answered incorrectly, the question card is placed in a “recycling” area. The object of the game is for each player to respond correctly to each question so that all of the player's question cards are placed in the mastered area before the teacher's question cards are placed likewise. The student players are motivated by competition with the teacher, while the teacher has an opportunity to diagnose student memory skill deficiencies.
Although the competition engendered by the game according to the '577 patent might be desirable in a student-teacher learning environment, it is extremely undesirable for persons who suffer from memory loss. Moreover, the game presumes that the teacher will be as challenged by the questions as the students. Such a situation would be wholly inappropriate for a game played by persons suffering from memory deficiencies.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,270,077 discloses a non-competitive memory enhancement game. The game according to the '077 patent is played with the assistance of family members, friends, and/or volunteers who coordinate play. The game has a question and answer format that is similar to flash-card games. Questions may relate to general knowledge or may be personalized. Personalized questions are developed by family, friends, and others using the player's personal memorabilia. The questions are provided in the form of a photograph or other pictorial image on one side of a card, and questions and/or comments relating to the picture on the opposite side. A game board has a playing path that is divided into positions identified by subject matter categories. Questions related to a given subject matter are asked based on the player's position on the board. Since the game is not competitive, there is no final goal or winning position on the board. The object of the game is to share memories and to receive a reward after participating for a predetermined period of time or number of plays.
While the game according to the '077 patent is desirable in the sense that it is non-competitive, it may not be enjoyed by certain participants due to the personalized nature of some of the questions. In other words, some participants may not want personal information to be shared in a public environment or they may not want to be informed of others' personal information. In addition, the nature of the board requires the participants to sit together around a table. Such an arrangement of the participants relative to each other may be undesirable in certain circumstances. In addition, the use of a game board limits the number of participants to those who can fit around the board. Yet additionally, the game has the potential to be boring because there is no inherent object to be accomplished.
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, there remains a need for an effective and enjoyable memory engagement game. Any such game desirably would be non-competitive or largely non-competitive, could be played by individuals or a group of players, would permit players to be arranged in any desired position relative to each other, and would not involve the disclosure of personal information. Any such game desirably could be played by persons of different cognitive levels. Perhaps most importantly, the game would be interesting and entertaining to play and would have an inherent object to be accomplished.
The present invention provides a new and improved memory engagement game that is based on Montessori educational principles, and which employs elements of a trivia game and a bingo game. In the preferred embodiment, the game according to the invention comprises a plurality of game cards, each of which contains answers to certain pre-determined questions. The invention also includes a plurality of calling cards, each of which contains a pre-determined question on one side and various information on the other side, such as the answer to the question, clues to answer the question, and “talking points” to facilitate a discussion related to the question. The invention preferably includes game boards into which the game cards can be inserted. Each game board has a plurality of openings, each of which has a movable cover associated therewith. When a game card is inserted into the game board, the answers to the pre-determined questions are registered with the openings so that a player can see each of the answers. The player can move any given cover in order to mask the answer displayed in the associated opening.
The game according to the invention can be provided in different levels of difficulty and subject matter. Typical subjects would be Presidents, historical events, famous people, nursery rhymes, and so forth. The game cards can be provided with answers to two or more games slightly out of register with each other. Accordingly, by suitably positioning the game card in the game board, two or more separate games can be played on each side of the game card. If double-sided game cards are provided, each game card can contain four or more separate games.
In use, a game board containing a game card is distributed to each player. An activity leader holds up a calling card with the question displayed to the players. The question is read aloud, either by the leader or one or more of the players. If a player sees the answer to the question in one of the game board openings, the player announces the answer and closes the cover to mask the answer. The steps of asking questions and covering the answers are repeated until one or more players covers all of the openings on the game board, signifying the end of that particular game. By choosing games suited to different cognitive levels, the players will be suitably challenged in an interesting and entertaining manner, and will be able share thoughts and memories with each other in a non-competitive environment.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention are fully described in the specification and claims that follow. The accompanying drawings constitute a part of the specification and illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Referring to the various drawing FIGS., apparatus for playing the game according to the invention includes one or more game boards 10, a plurality of game cards 62, and a plurality of calling cards 74. The board 10 has a rear face 12 and a front face 14. The front face 14 has a plurality of openings 16 arranged in a rectangular array in the manner of a bingo game. The board 10 can be placed on any surface for purposes of playing the game, but it preferably will be placed atop a flat playing surface such as a tabletop (not shown).
The front face 14 is secured to the rear face 12, typically by fasteners such as screws. The front face 14 and the rear face 12 are spaced from each other so as to define a cavity 18 therebetween. The game board 10 further includes a slot 20 disposed along one edge of the connected front face 14 and rear face 12. In the preferred embodiment, the game board 10 is rectangular, but it may be shaped differently, if desired.
The rear face 12 is generally planar and includes a peripheral lip 22. The lip 22 extends toward the front face 14. A pair of movable legs 24 are disposed adjacent the upper corners of the rear face 12. The rear face 12 includes a pair of compartments 26 to house the legs 24. The legs 24 may be placed in a first position where the legs 24 are completely disposed within the compartments 26 or in a second position where the legs 24 extend outside the compartments 26. The first position permits the rear face 12 to lie flat upon the playing surface or for storage, and the second position permits the board 10 to be positioned at an angle to the playing surface for improved viewing by players. In the second position, the legs 24 extend from the rear face 12 generally perpendicularly to the rear face 12.
The front face 14 comprises a frame 28 and a front cover 30. The front cover 30 has an exterior face 32 as illustrated in
A pair of tracks 42 are disposed along the opposed edges of each interior cross-support 38. The peripheral cross-supports 40 have an outer edge 44 along the outer periphery of the game board 10, and an inner edge 46. A track 42 is disposed along each inner edge 46. As shown in
The game board 10 includes a plurality of covers 48 that can be positioned to cover or uncover the openings 16. Each cover 48 includes a panel 50 that is substantially planar and generally rectangular. A tab 52 extends outwardly from one edge of the panel 50. A pair of flanges 54 extend outwardly of the panel 50 on opposed sides of the panel 50. The flanges 54 generally define an extension of the panel 50. When viewed from above, the flanges 54 are perpendicular to the tab 52. An enlarged formation 56 is disposed along the outer edge of each flange 54. It is expected that the panels 50 will be opaque, and will have dimensions that approximate that of the openings 16, for example, about 1.3 inches by about 3.4 inches. Preferably, the covers 48 are formed in a molding operation from a colored or dyed plastics material such as clarified polypropylene.
The front cover 30 is substantially planar and fits on top of the interior cross-supports 38 and peripheral cross-supports 40 between the beams 36 on the first side of the frame 28. The front cover 30 includes side edges 58 that extend over the outer edge 44 of the peripheral cross-supports 40. The side edges 58 extend to meet the lip 22 of the rear face 12, thereby defining the outer boundaries of the cavity 18. The interior face 34 of the front cover 30 further includes raised edges 60 (
Referring to
Referring to
The game board 10 is provided with a release 90 that locates the game cards 62 in a desired position within the cavity 18. As illustrated in
To operate the release 90 and remove a game card 62 (or move it to another position), pressure is applied to the button 92. Movement of the button 92 causes the wings 98 to bend, thereby moving the holder 96 in a direction away from the game card 62 and disengaging the notch 70. After the holder 96 has been disengaged from the notch 70, the card 62 can be moved.
The use of slidable covers 48 is an example of one technique for selectively covering and uncovering the openings 16. Other techniques also may be employed. For example, the cover 48 could be hinged such that the cover 48 could be lifted to uncover the associated opening 16, or lowered to cover the opening 16. The cover 48 could be removable. Such a removable cover 48 would be sized to fit the opening 16, and would have a slight interference fit with the openings 16 to hold the cover 48 in place. The removable cover 48 would include a handle or other gripping means for a player to maneuver the cover 48. Magnets also may be used to secure the covers 48 in place. The above-described alternate techniques for covering and uncovering the openings 16 are examples only, and other suitable techniques for selectively covering and uncovering the openings 16 will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
It is preferred that the openings 16 will be large enough to print the answers 72 in large font. A font size of 36 or larger is preferred, and a plain font such as a sans-serif style also is preferred. Additionally, the tabs 52 are sized so that they may be gripped by persons with difficulties resulting from diminished motor skills or arthritis. The game board 10 typically could have dimensions of approximately 11.4 inches by 13.2 inches. The answers 72 are arranged on the game card 62 so that when the game board 10 is inclined at an angle of approximately 15 degrees above the playing surface, the answers 72 appear to be centered in the openings 16.
The game board 10 preferably is formed from a sturdy, lightweight plastics material. The front face 14 and the rear face 12 preferably are opaque and may be colored in a neutral color. The covers 48 may be translucent or opaque and preferably will have a color that contrasts with the color of the front face 14 and rear face 12 to aid players in locating the covers 48. Most color schemes are suitable for the front face 14, the rear face 12, and the covers 48; however, it is preferred that the color scheme does not include fluorescent colors or colors that contrast in a vivid manner. In one preferred embodiment, the front face 14 and the rear face 12 are ivory, and the covers 48 are purple. The game cards 62 and the calling cards 74 preferably are formed from a non-glare cardstock.
The memory engagement game according to the invention may be played in assisted-living adult day care, long-term care, or similar settings. For use in such settings, a game kit preferably includes 15 game boards 10, a plurality of double-sided game cards 62 for each game board 10, a plurality of double-sided calling cards 74 (for example, 15 for each game), and an instruction manual. Each game board 10 has a plurality of openings 16 (preferably nine), and each game card 62 has a plurality of answers 72 (preferably 15) on each side 64, 66, wherein each game card 62 may be used for a plurality of games, preferably four. The game kit thus provides game boards, game cards 62, and calling cards 74 for 15 players. Because the game boards 10 are stand-alone units, there is no limitation on the arrangement of players relative to each other.
Before play begins, each player is provided with a game board 10 and one or more game cards 62. Each side of each game card 62 has displayed thereon the answers 72 for a plurality of games. With reference to the game card 62 illustrated in
Each game relates to a particular category 82. Typical game categories 82 include historical events, Presidents, nursery rhymes, and so forth. Each game has a set of game cards 62 and corresponding calling cards 74. If desired, some game cards 62 can contain identical answers 72. In that case, the game will be non-competitive because each of the players will answer the same questions at the same time. It also is possible for the game cards to have different combinations of answers 72. In such a circumstance, the game will be somewhat competitive. For a game having nine answers 72 printed on each game card 62, there preferably are 15 calling cards 74 associated with that game.
To begin play, each player inserts the game card 62 for a selected game into the game board 10. A game leader then reads a question 80 from one of the calling cards 74 that corresponds to that game. If a player determines the answer 72, the player covers the opening 16 in which the answer 72 is displayed. If the players are unable to determine the answer 72, the leader may read a clue 84 displayed on the calling card 74 to assist players in answering the question 80. The leader also may bring up some talking points 86 listed on the calling card 74 to promote discussion among the players. The process of reading questions 80 and covering answers 72 continues until one or more of the players covers all of the openings 16 and indicates to the leader that all of the openings 16 are covered. When a player covers all of the openings 16, it signifies the end of that particular game. The covering of all of the openings 16 thus represents an inherent object to be accomplished by the players. The game card 62 may be moved within the cavity 18 or turned over to reveal the answers 72 that correspond to another game, and the process may be recommenced with a different set of calling cards 74.
To accommodate players having different levels of cognitive functioning, or to speed up play, the play of the game may be modified. For example, play may begin with several of the openings 16 covered. It is possible to provide more difficult questions 80 for higher-functioning players, and simpler questions 80 for players with low-to-mid levels of functioning. The talking points 86 provided on each calling card 74 can be of further therapeutic benefit to players' memory abilities and may be used to extend the game. If it is desired to shorten the game, all or some of the talking points 86 may be omitted.
As will be appreciated from the foregoing description, the game according to the invention is non-competitive or largely non-competitive, can be played by individuals or a group of players, permits players to be arranged in any desired position relative to each other, and does not involve the disclosure of personal information. The game can be played by persons of different cognitive levels or needs. The game is interesting and entertaining to play and has an inherent object to be accomplished.
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, equivalent alterations and modifications to the embodiments may be apparent to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification. The present invention is limited only by the scope of the following claims, and includes all such alterations, modifications, and equivalents.
The present invention was developed with government support under a Small Business Innovation Research Program Grant awarded by the National Institute of Health's National Institute on Aging. The government has certain rights in the invention.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10686200 | Oct 2003 | US |
Child | 11358588 | Feb 2006 | US |