Patent Grant
11934271
Various embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a memory system and an operating method thereof.
Recently, the paradigm of the computer environment is changed into a ubiquitous computing environment which allows users to get an access to a computer system anywhere anytime. For this reason, the use of portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, laptop computers and the like, is surging. The portable electronic devices generally employ a memory system using a memory device for storing data. A memory system may be used as a main memory device or an auxiliary memory device of a portable electronic device.
A memory device has excellent stability and durability because it does not include a mechanical driving unit. Also, the memory device is advantageous in that it may access data quickly and consume a small amount of power. Non-limiting examples of a memory device having these advantages include a universal serial bus (USB) memory device, a memory card with diverse interfaces, and a solid-state drive (SSD).
The memory device may include a plurality of memory cells coupled to one word line, and each of the memory cells may be coupled to a page buffer through a bit line. A read operation may be performed, which senses and temporarily stores data stored in the memory cells, using such page buffers, and outputs the stored data.
A threshold voltage distribution of the memory cells may be further widened as time passes after a program operation is performed. As the threshold voltage distribution of the memory cells is widened, the reliability of the read operation may deteriorate. Thus, a technique for extracting a threshold voltage distribution of memory cells is needed.
Embodiments provide a memory device with improved reliability and an operating method thereof.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a memory system including: a memory device configured to generate first read voltages and second read voltages, based on initial read voltages and first and second offset voltages, in response to a user read command, and output first data and second data, which are acquired by performing read operations on multi-bit memory cells, based on the first read voltages and the second read voltages; and a memory controller configured to output the user read command, wherein the memory controller includes a state counter configured to count numbers of data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of threshold voltage states from the first data and the second data, and extract numbers of memory cells respectively included in a plurality of threshold voltage regions divided by the first read voltages and the second read voltages by calculating the counted result.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a memory system including: a memory device; and a memory controller, wherein the memory device includes: multi-bit memory cells; an input/output circuit configured to receive a user read command from the memory controller; a voltage generating circuit configured to generate first read voltages, based on initial read voltages and a first offset voltage, and generate second read voltages, based on the initial read voltages and a second offset voltage, in response to the user read command; and a page buffer group configured to store first data acquired by performing a first MSB read operation and a first LSB read operation on the multi-bit memory cells, based on the first read voltages, and store second data acquired by performing a second MSB read operation and a second LSB read operation on the multi-bit memory cells, based on the second read voltages, wherein the memory controller includes a state counter configured to derive a first addition result by adding number of data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of threshold voltage states from the first data, derive a second addition result by adding number of data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of threshold voltage states from the second data, and extract a number of memory cells included in any one of a plurality of threshold voltage regions divided by the first read voltages and the second read voltages, based on a result obtained by subtracting the second addition result from the first addition result.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for operating a memory system, the method including: receiving a first user read command; reading first data through read operations on a plurality of memory cells, using first read voltages, in response to the user read command; receiving a second user read command and a first offset voltage; reading second data through the read operations on the plurality of memory cells, using second read voltages generated based on the first read voltages and the first offset voltage, in response to the second user read command; and extracting a number of memory cells included in a first region among a plurality of threshold voltage regions divided by the first read voltages and the second read voltages by subtracting a number of data bits corresponding a first threshold voltage state, which is extracted from the second data, from a number of data bits corresponding to the first threshold voltage state, which is extracted from the first data.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include: a memory device including a plurality of storage regions; and a controller. The controller may be coupled between a host and the memory device, and perform a read retry operation when a read error occurs in any one of the storage regions based on occurrence possibilities for a plurality of different type of defects in any one storage region where a read error occurred.
In an embodiment, a memory controller may include: a read retry table including a plurality of read retry sets; and a processor suitable for sorting a plurality of different type of defects based on occurrence possibilities for the respective defects in any one storage region among a plurality of storage regions included in a memory device, when a read error occurred in the any one storage region, selecting a read retry set among the plurality of read retry sets according to the sorted defect order, and performing a read retry operation using the selected read retry set.
In an embodiment, an operating method of a memory controller may include: sorting a plurality of different type of defects based on occurrence possibilities for the respective defects in any one storage region among a plurality of storage regions included in a memory device, when a read error occurred in the any one storage region; selecting a read retry set among a plurality of read retry sets included in a read retry table, according to the sorted defect order; and performing a read retry operation using the selected read retry set.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of storage regions; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an order of the read retry sets based on a cause of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the order.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of storage regions; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an order of the read retry sets based on occurrence possibilities of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the order.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to configure a read retry algorithm adaptively based on characteristics of read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the adaptively configured read retry algorithm, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller including predetermined read retry sets, programmed to invoke one having a higher priority among the read retry sets, the priority of the read retry sets being determined based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply the invoked read retry set for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to reconfigure a read retry algorithm based on a usage status of a first storage region, which a read error occurs in, among the storage region, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the reconfigured read retry algorithm.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of memory blocks, each including a plurality of cells, a controller configured to include a plurality of read retry sets, recognize on a read error from a first memory block among the plurality of memory blocks, and configure a read retry algorithm determining an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on a cause read error associated with the first memory block.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to configure an error reducing algorithm adaptively based on characteristics of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the adaptively configured error reducing algorithm, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region.
In an embodiment, a memory system may include a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to reconfigure an error reducing algorithm based on a usage status of a first storage region, which a read error occurs in, among the storage region, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the reconfigured error reducing algorithm.
Various embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art.
In the drawing figures, dimensions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “between” two elements, it can be the only element between the two elements, or one or more intervening elements may also be present. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. We note, however, that the present invention may be embodied in different forms and variations, and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the described embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the present invention to those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.
The drawings are not necessarily to scale and, in some instances, proportions may have been exaggerated in order to clearly illustrate features of the embodiments.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
In the entire specification, when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the another element or be indirectly connected or coupled to the another element with one or more intervening elements interposed therebetween. In addition, when an element is referred to as “including” a component, this indicates that the element may further include another component instead of excluding another component unless there is different disclosure.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well-known process structures and/or processes have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
Hereinafter, the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to
The host 2000 may communicate with the memory system 1000 by using an interface protocol such as peripheral component interconnect-express (PCI-E), advanced technology attachment (ATA), serial ATA (SATA), parallel ATA (PATA), or serial attached SCSI (SAS). In addition, interface protocols between the host 2000 and the memory system 1000 are not limited to the above-described examples, and may be one of other interface protocols such as a universal serial bus (USB), a multi-media card (MMC), an enhanced small disk interface (ESDI), and integrated drive electronics (IDE).
The memory controller 1200 may control overall operations of the memory system 1000, and control data exchange between the host 2000 and the memory device 1100. For example, the memory controller 1200 may program or read data by controlling the memory device 1100 in response to a request of the host 2000. Also, the memory controller 1200 may store information main memory blocks and sub-memory blocks, which are included in the memory device 1100, and select the memory device 1100 such that perform a program operation on a main memory block or a sub-memory block according to the amount of data loaded for the program operation. In some embodiments, the memory device 1100 may include a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), a low power double data rate 4 (LPDDR4) SDRAM, a graphics double data rate (GDDR) SRAM, a low power DDR (LPDDR), a rambus dynamic random access memory (RDRAM), and a flash memory.
The memory device 1100 may perform a program, read, or erase operation under the control of the memory controller 1200.
Referring to
The memory cell array 100 may include a plurality of memory blocks MB1 to MBk 110 (k is a positive integer). Local lines LL and bit lines BL1 to BLn (n is a positive integer) may be coupled to the memory blocks MB1 to MBk 110. For example, the local lines LL may include a first select line, a second select line, and a plurality of word lines arranged between the first and second select lines. Also, the local lines LL may further include dummy lines arranged between the first select line and the word lines and between the second select line and the word lines. Here, the first select line may be a source select line, and the second select line may be a drain select line. For example, the local lines LL may include word lines, drain and source select lines, and source lines SL. For example, the local lines LL may further include dummy lines. For example, the local lines LL may further include pipe lines. The local lines LL may be coupled to the memory blocks MB1 to MBk 110, respectively, and the bit lines BL1 to BLn may be commonly coupled to the memory blocks MB1 to MBk 110. The memory blocks MB1 to MBk may be implemented as a two-dimensional (2D) or a three-dimensional (3D) structure. For example, the memory cells in the memory blocks 110 having a 2D structure may be arranged horizontally on a substrate. For example, memory cells in the memory blocks 110 having a 3D structure may be stacked vertically on the substrate.
The peripheral circuits 200 may perform program, read, and erase operations of a selected memory block 110 under the control of the control logic 300. For example, the peripheral circuits 200, under the control of the control logic 300, may supply verify and pass voltages to the first select line, the second select line, and the word lines, selectively discharge the first select line, the second select line, and the word lines, and verify memory cells coupled a selected word line among the word lines. For example, the peripheral circuits 200 may include a voltage generating circuit 210, a row decoder 220, a page buffer group 230, a column decoder 240, an input/output circuit 250, and a sensing circuit 260.
The voltage generating circuit 210 may generate various operating voltages Vop used for program, read, and erase operations in response to an operation signal OP_CMD. Also, the voltage generating circuit 210 may selectively discharge the local lines LL in response to the operation signal OP_CMD. For example, the voltage generating circuit 210 may generate a program voltage, a verify voltage, pass voltages, a turn-on voltage, a read voltage, an erase voltage, a source line voltage, and the like under the control of the control logic 300.
The row decoder 220 may transfer the operating voltages Vop to local lines LL coupled to a selected memory block 110 in response to a row address RADD.
The page buffer group 230 may include a plurality of page buffers PB1 to PBn 231 coupled to the bit lines BL1 to BLn. The page buffers PB1 to PBn 231 may operate in response to page buffer control signals PBSIGNALS. For example, the page buffers PB1 to PBn 231 may temporarily store data received through the bit lines BL1 to BLn, or sense voltages or current of the bit lines BL1 to BLn in a read or verify operation.
The column decoder 240 may transfer data between the input/output circuit 250 and the page buffer group 230 in response to a column address CADD. For example, the column decoder 240 may exchange data with the page buffers 231 through data lines DL, or exchange data with the input/output circuit 250 through column lines CL.
The sensing circuit 260, in a read operation and a verify operation, may generate a reference current in response to a permission bit VRY_BIT<#>, and output a pass signal PASS or a fail signal FAIL by comparing a sensing voltage VPB received from the page buffer group 230 with a reference voltage generated by the reference current.
The control logic 300 may control the peripheral circuits 200 by outputting the operation signal OP_CMD, the row address RADD, the page buffer control signals PBSIGNALS, and the permission bit VRY_BIT<#> in response to the command CMD and the address ADD. Also, the control logic 300 may determine whether the verify operation has passed or failed in response to the pass or fail signal PASS or FAIL.
The input/output circuit 250 may transfer a command CMD and address ADD, which are received from the memory controller, to the control logic 300, or exchange data Data with the column decoder 240. The input/output circuit 250 may transmit data Data transferred from the outside through input/output pins I/O<7:0> to the column decoder 240 through the column lines CL. Also, the input/output circuit 250 may output data output from the column decoder 240 to be transmitted through the column lines CL to an external device through the input/output pins I/O<7:0>. At this time, the output data may be output in synchronization with a read enable clock signal RE_N. Alternatively, the memory device 1100 may output a data strobe signal DQS (not shown). In this case, the output data may be output in synchronization with the data strobe signal DQS.
The input/output circuit 250 may receive a command CMD from the external device and transfer the command CMD to the control logic 300 in a section in which a command latch enable signal CLE is activated. The input/output circuit 250 may receive an address ADD from the external device and transfer the address ADD to the control logic 300 in a section in which an address latch enable signal ALE is activated. The command CMD or the address ADD may be input in synchronization with a write enable signal WE_N input from the external device. In addition, the memory device 1100 may receive an address and a command in a section in which a chip enable signal CE_N is activated.
The memory device 1100 may include a state counter 270. The state counter 270 may generate a count result Res_cnt by counting a number of memory cells included in each a plurality of threshold voltage sections, based on data output from the page buffer group 230. Also, the state counter 270 may provide the count result Res_cnt to the control logic 300. This will be described in detail below.
Referring to
The string ST may include a source select transistor SST, a plurality of memory cells F1 to F16, and a drain select transistor DST, which are coupled in series to each other between the source line SL and the first bit line BL1. At least one source select transistor SST and at least one drain select transistor DST may be included in one string ST, and memory cells of which number is larger than that of the memory cells F1 to F16 shown in the drawing may be included in one string ST.
A source of the source select transistor SST may be coupled to the source line SL, and a drain of the drain select transistor DST may be coupled to the first bit line BL1. The memory cells F1 to F16 may be coupled in series between the source select transistor SST and the drain select transistor DST. Gates of source select transistors SST included in different strings ST may be coupled to the source select line SSL, gates of drain select transistors DST included in different strings ST may be coupled to the drain select line DSL, gates of the memory cells F1 to F16 included in different strings ST may be coupled to a plurality of word lines WL1 to WL16. A group of memory cells coupled to the same word line among the memory cells included in different strings ST may be a physical page PPG. Therefore, physical pages PPG of which number corresponds to that of the word lines WL1 to WL16 may be included in the first memory block 110.
Each memory cell among plurality of memory cells F1 to F16 may store one bit of data. This is generally called as a single level cell (SLC). In this case, one physical page PPG may store one logical page (LPG) data. The one LPG data may include data bits of which number corresponds to that of cells included in one physical page PPG. In addition, each memory cell among plurality of memory cells F1 to F16 may store two or more bits of data. This is generally called as a multi-level cell. In this case, one physical page PPG may store two or more LPG data.
Referring to
Each of the plurality of strings ST11 to ST1m and ST21 to ST2m may include at least one source select transistor SST, first to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn, a pipe transistor PT, and at least one drain select transistor DST.
The source and drain select transistors SST and DST and the memory cells MC1 to MCn may have structures similar to one another. For example, each of the source and drain select transistors SST and DST and the memory cells MC1 to MCn may include a channel layer, a tunnel insulating layer, a charge trapping layer, and a blocking insulating layer. For example, a pillar for providing the channel layer may be provided in each string. For example, a pillar for providing at least one of the channel layer, the tunnel insulating layer, the charge trapping layer, and the blocking insulating layer may be provided in each string.
The source select transistor SST of each string may be coupled between a source line SL and memory cells MC1 to MCp.
In an embodiment, source select transistors of strings arranged in the same row may be coupled to a source select line extending in the row direction, and source select transistors of strings arranged in different rows may be coupled to different source select lines. In
In an embodiment, the source select transistors of the strings ST11 to ST1m and ST21 to ST2m may be commonly coupled to one source select line.
First to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn of each string may be coupled between the source select transistor SST and the drain select transistor DST.
The first to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn may be divided into first to pth memory cells MC1 to MCp and (p+1)th to nth memory cells MCp+1 to MCn. The first to pth memory cells MC1 to MCp may be sequentially arranged in a vertical direction (Z direction), and be coupled in series to each other between the source select transistor SST and the pipe transistor PT. The (p+1)th to nth memory cells MCp+1 to MCn may be sequentially arranged in the vertical direction (Z direction), and be coupled in series to each other between the pipe transistor PT and the drain select transistor DST. The first to pth memory cells MC1 to MCp and the (p+1)th to nth memory cells MCp+1 to MCn may be coupled to each other through the pipe transistor PT. Gates of the first to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn of each string may be coupled to first to nth word lines WL1 to WLn, respectively.
In an embodiment, at least one of the first to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn may be used as a dummy memory cell. When a dummy memory cell is provided, the voltage or current of a corresponding string can be stably controlled. A gate of the pipe transistor PT of each string may be coupled to a pipe line PL.
The drain select transistor DST of each string may be coupled to a bit line and the memory cells MCp+1 to MCn. Strings arranged in the row direction may be coupled to a drain select line extending in the row direction. Drain select transistors of the strings ST11 to ST1, of the first row may be coupled to a first drain select line DSL1. Drain select transistors of the strings ST21 to ST2m of the second row may be coupled to a second drain select line DSL2.
Strings arranged in the column direction may be coupled to bit lines extending in the column direction. In
Memory cells coupled to the same word line among the strings arranged in the row direction may constitute one page. For example, memory cells coupled to the first word line WL1 among the strings ST11 to ST1m of the first row may constitute one page. Memory cells coupled to the first word line WL1 among the strings ST21 to ST2m of the second row may constitute another page. As any one of the drain select lines DSL1 and DSL2 is selected, strings arranged in one row direction may be selected. As any one of the word lines WL1 to WLn is selected, one page among the selected strings may be selected.
Referring to
Each of the plurality of strings ST11′ to ST1m′ and ST21′ to ST2m′ may include at least one source select transistor SST, first to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn, and at least one drain select transistor DST.
The source select transistor SST of each string may be coupled between a source line SL and the memory cells MC1 to MCn. Source select transistors of strings arranged in the same row may be coupled to the same source select line. Source select transistors of strings ST11′ to ST1m′ arranged on a first row may be coupled to a first source select line SSL1. Source select transistors of strings ST21′ to ST2m′ arranged on a second row may be coupled to a second source select line SSL2. In an embodiment, the source select transistors of the strings ST11′ to ST1m′ and ST21′ to ST2m′ may be commonly coupled to one source select line.
The first to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn of each string may be coupled in series to each other between the source select transistor SST and the drain select transistor DST. Gates of the first to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn may be coupled to first to nth word lines WL1 to WLn, respectively.
In an embodiment, at least one of the first to nth memory cells MC1 to MCn may be used as a dummy memory cell. When a dummy memory cell is provided, the voltage or current of a corresponding string can be stably controlled. Accordingly, the reliability of data stored in the memory block 110 can be improved.
The drain select transistor DST of each string may be coupled between a bit line and the memory cells MC1 to MCn. Drain select transistors DST of strings arranged in the row direction may be coupled to a drain select line extending in the row direction. The drain select transistors DST of the strings ST11′ to ST1m′ of the first row may be coupled to a first drain select line DSL1. The drain select transistors DST of the strings ST21′ to ST2m′ of the second row may be coupled to a second drain select line DSL2.
That is, the memory block 110 of
Referring to
As time passes after memory cells are programmed, threshold voltages of the memory cells may be lower or higher than those of the memory cells just after the memory cells are programmed. Therefore, a threshold voltage distribution formed after time has passed may be further widened than that formed just after the memory cells are programmed. As a result, portions of adjacent threshold voltage distributions may overlap with each other as shown in
When a memory cell stores data of 2 bits, the data of 2 bits may be read by an operation of reading the least significant bit (LSB), i.e., an LSB read operation and an operation of reading the most significant bit (MSB), i.e. an MSB read operation. In an embodiment, the LSB read operation may be performed by a one-time read operation, using a second read voltage R2. In addition, the MSB read operation may be performed by a two-time read operation, using a first read voltage R1 and a third read voltage R3. 2 bits may be extracted from each memory cell by the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation. As a result, memory cells of which threshold voltages are lower than the first read voltage R1 may have a threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ and memory cells having threshold voltages between the first read voltage R1 and the second read voltage R2 may have a threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10.’ In addition, memory cells having threshold voltages between the second read voltage R2 and the third read voltage R3 may have a threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘00,’ and memory cells of which threshold voltages are higher than the third read voltage R3 may have a threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘01.’
The state counter 270 according to an embodiment may count a number of data bits corresponding to each threshold voltage state from the data read by the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation, and extract a number of memory cells included in each threshold voltage state, based on the counted number of data bits. In other words, the state counter 270 may count a number of memory cells having the threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a number of memory cells having the threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10,’ a number of memory cells having the threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘00,’ and a number of memory cells having the threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘01’ from data read by the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation, which are performed using the first read voltage R1, the second read voltage R2, and the third read voltage R3.
Referring to
The memory device 1100 may receive a user read command and a read address through the input/output pins I/O<7:0> while the chip enable signal CE_N is being activated. In general, the chip enable signal CE_N may have a value corresponding to logic low when it is activated. The memory device 1100 may receive a preamble of the user read command while the chip enable signal CE_N and the latch enable signal CLE are being activated. In general, the preamble of the user read command may be configured as ‘00h.’
The memory device 1100 receives the preamble of the user read command, i.e., ‘00h,’ and may receive the read address after the command latch enable signal CLE is deactivated. The read address may be input to the memory device 1100 in a section in which the address latch enable signal ALE is activated. In an embodiment, the read address may be input during four cycles. A first column address Col Add1 and a second column address Col Add2 may be input to the memory device 1100 during the first two cycles. Then, a first row address Row Add1 and a second row address Row Add2 may be input to the memory device 1100 during the other two cycles.
The address enable signal ALE may be deactivated after the read address is input. The command latch enable signal CLE may be again activated after the address enable signal ALE is deactivated and the memory device 1100 may receive a postamble of the user read command while the command latch enable signal CLE is being activated. In general, the postamble of the user read command may be configured as ‘30h.’ A process in which the preamble of the user read command, the read address, and the postamble of the user read command are input to the memory device 1100 may be designated as a user read command sequence. In other words, the user read command sequence may mean the entire process in which the read command and the read address are input to the memory device 1100. In addition, the postamble of the user read command, i.e., ‘30h’ may be designated as a confirm command. If the confirm command is input to the memory device 1100, the memory device 1100 may start a read operation of reading data from memory cells.
The command latch enable signal CLE may be deactivated after the postamble of the user read command, i.e., ‘30h’ is input. Then, the memory device 1100 may internally perform a read operation of reading data stored in memory cells. The user read command and the read address may be input to the memory device 1100 through the input/output circuit 250 of
When the read address indicates an LSB page, the page buffer group 230 of the memory device 1100 may perform the read operation, using the second read voltage R2 of
The read command or the read address may be input to the memory device 1100 in synchronization with the write enable signal WE_N. In other words, the write enable signal WE_N may toggle while the read command or the read address is being input.
The page buffer group 230 may store data read from the memory cell in response to the read address and the read command. Subsequently, the data stored in the page buffer group 230 may be output to the outside through the input/output pins I/O<7:0> as denoted with “Dout” in
The above-described read command, i.e., the read command configured with the preamble of ‘00h’ and the postamble of ‘30h’ may be a command sequence that is published to users. The read command may be referred to as a user read command. Unlike the user read command, data stored in each memory cell may be read in response to a test read command so as to test the memory device 1100. In general, the test read command is not published to users but may be controlled by only a manufacturer.
Referring to
When the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation are performed using the first to third read voltages R1′, R2′, and R3′ changed by the first to third offset voltages, memory cells of threshold voltages are lower than the first read voltage R1′ varied based on the first offset voltage may have a threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11.’ In addition, memory cells having threshold voltages between the first read voltage R1′ varied based on the first offset voltage and the second read voltage R2′ varied based on the second offset voltage may have a threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10.’ In addition, memory cells having threshold voltages between the second read voltage R2′ varied based on the second offset voltage and the third read voltage R3′ varied based on the third offset voltage may have a threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘00.’ Finally, memory cells of threshold voltages are higher than the third read voltage R3′ varied based on the third offset voltage may have a threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘01.’
In an embodiment, the memory cells that have the threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ through the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation, which are performed based on the first to third read voltages R1, R2, and R3, and have the threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10’ through the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation, which are performed based on the first to third read voltages R1′, R2′, and R3′ varied through the first to third offset voltages refer to memory cells included in a first region. In other words, the number of memory cells included in the first region may be extracted by subtracting the number of memory cells that have threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10’ through the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation, which are performed based on the first to third read voltages R1′, R2′, and R3′ varied through the first to third offset voltages from the number of memory cells that have the threshold voltage state corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ through the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation, which are performed based on the first to third read voltages R1, R2, and R3.
As described in
An offset voltage may be input to the memory device 1100 before the user read command is applied. In an embodiment, in the LSB read operation, the memory device 1100 may first receive an offset voltage and then receive the user read command and the read address. The memory device 1100 may perform the read operation, using a new read voltage that is adjusted by the offset voltage input to the read voltage R2 set to the initial value in response to the user read command and the read address. In an embodiment, an offset voltage may be input after the read address and the user read command are applied. Also, the offset voltage may be input during the read command sequence. In an embodiment, the offset voltage may be input before the read address is input after the preamble of the user read command of the read command sequence is input. The MSB read operation may also be performed by receiving one offset voltage. In this case, the same offset voltage may be applied to the first read voltage R1 and the third read voltage R3.
In an example, two offset voltages, i.e., the first offset voltage and the second offset voltage may be input before the user read command is applied. In an embodiment, the MSB read operation may be performed using two or more read voltages. In this case, the memory device 1100 may receive a plurality of offset voltages such that the offset voltages are differently applied to a plurality of read voltages, respectively. For example, the memory device 1100 may perform the read operation, using a new read voltage obtained as the first read voltage R1 of
Referring to
The memory device 1100 may count a number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10,’ a number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘00,’ and a number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘01’ from data read through the first loop Loop 1, i.e., through the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation, using the first offset voltage dV1. In an embodiment, a binary bit-value ‘10’ may be a case where the result of the LSB read operation is determined as a binary bit-value ‘1,’ i.e., an on-cell in a read operation using the second read voltage R2′, and the result of the MSB read operation is determined as a binary bit-value ‘0,’ i.e., an off-cell in a read operation using the first read voltage R1′. In an embodiment, a binary bit-value ‘10’ may be a case where the result of the MSB read operation is determined as a binary bit-value ‘1’ and the result of the LSB read operation is determined as a binary bit-value ‘0.’
The memory device 1100 may count a number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10,’ a number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘00,’ and a number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘01’ from data read through the second loop Loop 2, i.e., through the LSB read operation and the MSB read operation, using the second offset voltage dV2.
When comparing the result obtained through the first loop Loop 1 with the result obtained through the second loop Loop 2, the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ is 3 in the first loop Loop 1, and the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ is 5 in the second loop Loop 2. 2 is derived by subtracting 3 from 5. This means that the number of memory cells included in a first region of
When comparing the result obtained through the first loop Loop 1 with the result obtained through the second loop Loop 2, the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10’ is 6 in the first loop Loop 1, and the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘10’ is 5 in the second loop Loop 2. That is, 9 is derived by adding the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ in the first loop Loop 1, and 10 is derived by adding the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ in the second loop Loop 2. 1 is derived by subtracting 9 from 10. This means that the number of memory cells included in a second region of
When comparing the result obtained through the first loop Loop 1 with the result obtained through the second loop Loop 2, the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘00’ is 4 in the first loop Loop 1, and the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘00’ is 4 in the second loop Loop 2. That is, 13 is derived by adding the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ in the first loop Loop 1, and 14 is derived by adding the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ in the second loop Loop 2. 1 is derived by subtracting 13 from 14. This means that the number of memory cells included in a third region of
Referring to
The number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ is 9 in the first loop Loop 1, and the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ is 10 in the second loop Loop 2. That is, a value obtained by subtracting the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ in the first loop Loop 1 from the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ in the second loop Loop 2 means the number of memory cells included in the second region. In other words, the number of memory cells determined as on-cells in the read operation using the second read voltage R2′ adjusted by the first offset voltage dV1 in the first loop Loop 1 is the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ in the first loop Loop 1, and the number of memory cells determined as on-cells in the read operation using the second read voltage R2″ adjusted by the second offset voltage dV2 in the second loop Loop 2 is the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ in the second loop Loop 2. That is, the number of memory cells included in the second region can be extracted by subtracting the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ in the first loop Loop 1 from the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11’ and a binary bit-value ‘10’ in the second loop Loop 2. The counting operation and the subtracting and adding operations, which are described above, may be performed by the state counter 270 of
The number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ is 13 in the first loop Loop 1, and the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ is 14 in the second loop Loop 2. That is, a value obtained by subtracting the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ in the first loop Loop 1 from the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ in the second loop Loop 2 means the number of memory cells included in the third region. In other words, the number of memory cells determined as on-cells in the read operation using the third read voltage R3′ in the first loop Loop 1 is the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ in the first loop Loop 1, and the number of memory cells determined as on-cells in the read operation using the third read voltage R3″ in the second loop Loop 2 is the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ in the second loop Loop 2. That is, the number of memory cells included in the third region can be extracted by subtracting the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ in the first loop Loop 1 from the number of data bits corresponding to a binary bit-value ‘11,’ a binary bit-value ‘10,’ and a binary bit-value ‘00’ in the second loop Loop 2. The counting operation and the subtracting and adding operations, which are described above, may be performed by the state counter 270 of
Referring to
The above-described operation of extracting a threshold voltage distribution may be performed by inputting a user command and an offset voltage to the memory device 1100. Unlike the test read command sequence, the user command sequence is published to users as described above. Thus, a threshold voltage distribution of memory cells can be extracted using the user command sequence, without implementing a separate test read command sequence. Accordingly, the design overhead of the memory device 1100 can be decreased, and the time required to extract the threshold voltage distribution can be reduced.
Referring to
The bus 770 may provide channels between components of the memory controller 1200.
The processor 710 may control overall operations of the memory controller 1200, and perform a logical operation. The processor 710 may communicate with the external host 2000 through the host interface 740, and communicate with the memory device 1100 through the memory interface 760. Also, the processor 710 may communicate with the memory buffer 720 through the buffer control circuit 750. The processor 710 may control an operation of the memory system 1000 by using the memory buffer 720 as a working memory, a cache memory, or a buffer memory.
The memory buffer 720 may be used as the working memory, the cache memory, or the buffer memory of the processor 710. The memory buffer 720 may store codes and commands, which are executed by the processor 710. The memory buffer 720 may include a static RAM (SRAM) or a dynamic RAM (DRAM).
The ECC circuit 730 may perform an ECC operation. The ECC circuit 730 may perform ECC encoding on data to be written in the memory device 1100 through the memory interface 760. The ECC encoded data may be transferred to the memory device 1100 through the memory interface 760. The ECC circuit 730 may perform ECC decoding on data received from the memory device 1100 through the memory interface 760. As an example, the ECC circuit 730 may be included as a component of the memory interface 760 in the memory interface 760.
The host interface 740 may communicate with the external host 2000 under the control of the processor 710. The host interface 740 may communicate with the host 2000, using at least one of various communication manners, such as a universal serial bus (USB), a serial AT attachment (SATA), a high speed interchip (HSIC), a small computer system interface (SCSI), Firewire, a peripheral component interconnection (PCI), a PCI express (PCIe), a nonvolatile memory express (NVMe), a universal flash storage (UFS), a secure digital (SD), a multimedia card (MMC), an embedded MMC (eMMC), a dual in-line memory module (DIMM), a registered DIMM (RDIMM), and a load reduced DIMM (LRDIMM).
The buffer control circuit 750 may control the memory buffer 720 under the control of the processor 710.
The memory interface 760 may communicate with the memory device 1100 under the control of the processor 710. The memory device 760 may communicate a command, an address, and data with the memory device 1100 through a channel.
In an embodiment, the memory controller 1200 may not include the memory buffer 720 and the buffer control circuit 750.
In an embodiment, the processor 710 may control an operation of the memory controller 1200, using codes. The processor 710 may load codes from a nonvolatile memory device (e.g., a read only memory (ROM)) provided inside the memory controller 1200. As an example, the processor 710 may load codes from the memory device 1100 through the memory interface 760.
In an embodiment, the bus 770 of the memory controller 1200 may be divided into a control bus and a data bus. The data bus may transmit data in the memory controller 1200, and the control bus may transmit control information such as a command and an address in the memory controller 1200. The data bus and the control bus are separated from each other, and may not interfere or influence with each other. The data bus may be coupled to the host interface 740, the buffer control circuit 750, the ECC circuit 730, and the memory interface 760. The control bus may be coupled to the host interface 740, the processor 710, the buffer control circuit 750, the memory buffer 720, and the memory interface 760.
The memory controller 1200 may also include a state counter 270. In other words, the state counter 270 may be included in the memory device 1100 as shown in
Referring to
Data programmed in the memory device 1100 may be output through a display 3200 under the control of the memory controller 1200.
A radio transceiver 3300 may transmit/receive radio signals through an antenna ANT. For example, the radio transceiver 3300 may convert a radio signal receive through the antenna ANT into a signal that can be processed by the processor 3100. Therefore, the processor 3100 may process a signal output from the radio transceiver 3300 and transmit the processed signal to the memory controller 1200 or the display 3200. The memory controller 1200 may program the signal processed by the processor 3100 in the semiconductor memory device 1100.
Also, the radio transceiver 3300 may convert a signal output from the processor 3100 into a radio signal, and output the converted radio signal to an external device through the antenna ANT. An input device 3400 is a device capable of inputting a control signal for controlling an operation of the processor 3100 or data to be processed by the processor 3100, and may be implemented as a pointing device such as a touch pad or a computer mount, a keypad, or a keyboard. The processor 3100 may control an operation of the display 3200 such that data output from the memory controller 1200, data output from the radio transceiver 3300, or data output from the input device 3400 can be output through the display 3200.
In some embodiments, the memory controller 1200 capable of controlling an operation of the memory device 1100 may be implemented as a part of the processor 3100, or be implemented as a chip separate from the processor 3100.
Referring to
The memory system 40000 may include a memory device 1100 and a memory controller 1200 capable of controlling a data processing operation of the memory device 1100.
A processor 4100 may output data stored in the memory device 1100 through a display 4300 according to data input through an input device 4200. For example, the input device 4200 may be implemented as a pointing device such as a touch pad or a computer mouse, a keypad, or a keyboard.
The processor 4100 may control overall operations of the memory system 40000, and control an operation of the memory controller 1200. In some embodiments, the memory controller 1200 capable of controlling an operation of the memory device 1100 may be implemented as a part of the processor 4100, or be implemented as a chip separate from the processor 4100.
Referring to
The memory system 50000 may include a memory device 1100 and a memory controller 1200 capable of controlling a data processing operation of the memory device 1100, e.g., a program operation, an erase operation, or a read operation.
An image sensor 5200 of the memory system 50000 may convert an optical image into digital signals, and the converted digital signals may be transmitted to a processor 5100 or the memory controller 1200. Under the control of the processor 5100, the converted digital signals may be output through a display 5300, or be stored in the memory device 1100 through the memory controller 1200. In addition, data stored in the memory device 1100 may be output through the display 5300 under the control of the processor 5100 or the memory controller 1200.
In some embodiments, the memory controller 1200 capable of controlling an operation of the memory device 1100 may be implemented as a part of the processor 5100, or be implemented as a chip separate from the processor 5100.
Referring to
The memory controller 1200 may control data exchange between the memory device 1100 and the card interface 7100. In some embodiments, the card interface 7100 may be a secure digital (SD) card interface or a multi-media card (MMC) interface, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
The card interface 7100 may interface data exchange between a host 60000 and the memory controller 1200 according to a protocol of the host 60000. In some embodiments, the card interface 7100 may support a universal serial bus (USB) protocol and an inter-chip (IC)-USB protocol. Here, the card interface 7100 may mean hardware capable of supporting a protocol used by the host 60000, software embedded in the hardware, or a signal transmission scheme.
When the memory system 70000 is coupled to a host interface 6200 of the host 60000 such as a PC, a tablet PC, a digital camera, a digital audio player, a cellular phone, console video game hardware, or a digital set-top box, the host interface 6200 may perform data communication with the memory device 1100 through the card interface 7100 and the memory controller 1200 under the control of a microprocessor 6100.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when a threshold voltage distribution of memory cells is extracted, a read operation is performed using a user read command and an offset voltage, so that a separate test read command is not required. Accordingly, the design overhead of the memory device can be decreased, and the time required to extract the threshold voltage distribution can be reduced.
Hereinafter, another embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to
Referring to
The host 10200 may be any suitable electronic device including portable electronic devices such as a mobile phone, MP3 player and laptop computer or non-portable electronic devices such as a desktop computer, game machine, television (TV) and projector. The host 10200 may include at least one operating system (OS), and the OS may manage and control the overall functions and operations of the host 10200, and also provide an operation between the host 10200 and a user using the data processing system 10000 or the memory system 11000. The OS may support functions and operations corresponding to the use purpose and usage of a user. For example, the OS may be divided into a general OS and a mobile OS, depending on the mobility of the host 10200. The general OS may be divided into a personal OS and an enterprise OS, depending on the environment of a user. For example, the personal OS configured to support a function of providing a service to general users may include Windows and Chrome, and the enterprise OS configured to secure and support high performance may include Windows server, Linux and Unix. Furthermore, the mobile OS configured to support a function of providing a mobile service to users and a power saving function of a system may include Android, iOS and Windows Mobile. The host 10200 may include one or more of Oss. The host 10200 may execute an OS to perform an operation corresponding to a user's request on the memory system 11000.
The memory system 11000 may operate to store data for the host 10200 in response to a request of the host 10200. Non-limited examples of the memory system 11000 may include a solid state drive (SSD), a multi-media card (MMC), a secure digital (SD) card, universal storage bus (USB) device, a universal flash storage (UFS) device, compact flash (CF) card, a smart media card (SMC), a personal computer memory card international association (PCMCIA) card and memory stick. The MMC may include an embedded MMC (eMMC), reduced size MMC (RS-MMC) and micro-MMC. The SD card may include a mini-SD card and micro-SD card.
The memory system 11000 may be embodied by various types of storage devices. Non-limited examples of storage devices included in the memory system 11000 may include volatile memory devices such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and a static RAM (SRAM) and nonvolatile memory devices such as a read only memory (ROM), a mask ROM (MROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM) and a flash memory. The flash memory may have a 3-dimensioanl (3D) stack structure.
The memory system 11000 may include a memory device 15000 and a controller 13000. The memory device 15000 may store data for the host 12000, and the controller 13000 may control data storage into the memory device 15000.
The controller 13000 and the memory device 15000 may be integrated into a single semiconductor device, which may be included in the various types of memory systems as exemplified above.
Non-limited application examples of the memory system 11000 may include a computer, an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), a workstation, a net-book, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a portable computer, a web tablet, a tablet computer, a wireless phone, a mobile phone, a smart phone, an e-book, a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), a portable game machine, a navigation system, a black box, a digital camera, a Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) player, a 3-dimensional television, a smart television, a digital audio recorder, a digital audio player, a digital picture recorder, a digital picture player, a digital video recorder, a digital video player, a storage device constituting a data center, a device capable of transmitting/receiving information in a wireless environment, one of various electronic devices constituting a home network, one of various electronic devices constituting a computer network, one of various electronic devices constituting a telematics network, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device, or one of various components constituting a computing system.
The memory device 15000 may be a nonvolatile memory device and may retain data stored therein even though power is not supplied. The memory device 15000 may store data provided from the host 10200 through a write operation, and provide data stored therein to the host 10200 through a read operation. The memory device 15000 may include a plurality of memory dies (not shown), each memory die including a plurality of planes (not shown), each plane including a plurality of memory blocks 15200 to 15600, each of the memory blocks 15200 to 15600 may include a plurality of pages, and each of the pages may include a plurality of memory cells coupled to a word line.
The controller 13000 may control the memory device 15000 in response to a request from the host 10200. For example, the controller 13000 may provide data read from the memory device 15000 to the host 10200, and store data provided from the host 10200 into the memory device 15000. For this operation, the controller 13000 may control read, write, program and erase operations of the memory device 15000.
The controller 13000 may include a host interface (I/F) unit 13200, a processor 13400, an error correction code (ECC) unit 13800, a Power Management Unit (PMU) 14000, a NAND flash controller (NFC) 14200 and a memory 14400 all operatively coupled via an internal bus.
The host interface unit 13200 may be configured to process a command and data of the host 10200, and may communicate with the host 10200 through one or more of various interface protocols such as universal serial bus (USB), multi-media card (MMC), peripheral component interconnect-express (PCI-e), small computer system interface (SCSI), serial-attached SCSI (SAS), serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), parallel advanced technology attachment (PATA), enhanced small disk interface (ESDI) and integrated drive electronics (IDE).
The ECC unit 13800 may detect and correct an error contained in the data read from the memory device 15000. In other words, the ECC unit 138 may perform an error correction decoding process to the data read from the memory device 15000 through an ECC code used during an ECC encoding process. According to a result of the error correction decoding process, the ECC unit 13800 may output a signal, for example, an error correction success/fail signal. When the number of error bits is more than a threshold value of correctable error bits, the ECC unit 13800 may not correct the error bits, and may output an error correction fail signal.
The ECC unit 13800 may perform error correction through a coded modulation such as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code, Bose-Chaudhri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code, turbo code, Reed-Solomon code, convolution code, Recursive Systematic Code (RSC), Trellis-Coded Modulation (TCM) and Block coded modulation (BCM). However, the ECC unit 13800 is not limited thereto. The ECC unit 13800 may include all circuits, modules, systems or devices for error correction.
The PMU 14000 may provide and manage power of the controller 130.
The NFC 14200 may serve as a memory/storage interface for interfacing the controller 13000 and the memory device 15000 when the memory device is a NAND flash memory, such that the controller 13000 controls the memory device 15000 in response to a request from the host 10200. When the memory device 15000 is a flash memory or specifically a NAND flash memory, the NFC 14200 may generate a control signal for the memory device 15000 and process data to be provided to the memory device 15000 under the control of the processor 13400. The NFC 14200 may work as an interface (e.g., a NAND flash interface) for processing a command and data between the controller 130 and the memory device 15000. Specifically, the NFC 14200 may support data transfer between the controller 13000 and the memory device 15000. Other memory/storage interfaces may be used when a different type memory device is employed.
The memory 14400 may serve as a working memory of the memory system 11000 and the controller 13000, and store data for driving the memory system 11000 and the controller 13000. The controller 13000 may control the memory device 15000 to perform read, write, program and erase operations in response to a request from the host 10200. The controller 13000 may provide data read from the memory device 15000 to the host 10200, may store data provided from the host 10200 into the memory device 15000. The memory 14400 may store data required for the controller 13000 and the memory device 15000 to perform these operations.
The memory 14400 may be embodied by a volatile memory. For example, the memory 14400 may be embodied by static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The memory 14400 may be disposed within or out of the controller 13000.
The processor 13400 may control the overall operations of the memory system 11000. The processor 13400 may drive firmware to control the overall operations of the memory system 11000. The firmware may be referred to as flash translation layer (FTL).
The processor 13400 of the controller 13000 may include a management unit (not illustrated) for performing a bad management operation of the memory device 15000. The management unit may perform a bad block management operation of checking a bad block, in which a program fail occurs due to the characteristic of a NAND flash memory during a program operation, among the plurality of memory blocks 15200 to 15600 included in the memory device 15000. The management unit may write the program-failed data of the bad block to a new memory block. In the memory device 15000 having a 3D stack structure, the bad block management operation may reduce the use efficiency of the memory device 15000 and the reliability of the memory system 11000. Thus, the bad block management operation needs to be performed with more reliability.
Referring to
Referring to
Although
The memory device 15000 may further include a voltage supply unit 31000 which provides word line voltages including a program voltage, a read voltage and a pass voltage to supply to the word lines according to an operation mode. The voltage generation operation of the voltage supply unit 31000 may be controlled by a control circuit (not illustrated). Under the control of the control circuit, the voltage supply unit 310 may select one of the memory blocks (or sectors) of the memory cell array, select one of the word lines of the selected memory block, and provide the word line voltages to the selected word line and the unselected word lines as may be needed.
The memory device 15000 may include a read/write circuit 32000 which is controlled by the control circuit. During a verification/normal read operation, the read/write circuit 32000 may operate as a sense amplifier for reading data from the memory cell array. During a program operation, the read/write circuit 32000 may operate as a write driver for driving bit lines according to data to be stored in the memory cell array. During a program operation, the read/write circuit 32000 may receive from a buffer (not illustrated) data to be stored into the memory cell array, and drive bit lines according to the received data. The read/write circuit 32000 may include a plurality of page buffers 32200 to 32600 respectively corresponding to columns (or bit lines) or column pairs (or bit line pairs), and each of the page buffers 32200 to 32600 may include a plurality of latches (not illustrated).
The memory device 15000 may be embodied by a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) memory device. Specifically, as illustrated in
In the above-described memory device (for example, NAND flash memory), a read error may occur due to retention, read disturb or a difference between the temperature of the storage device during a programming (or write) of a data and the temperature of the storage device during reading of the same data. When a read error occurs, a read operation may be re-performed while read voltage levels contained in a predefined read retry table are applied in a predetermined order. The read operation may be re-performed until the read operation is successfully performed or all of the read voltage levels in the table are applied.
In general, since a read error may be caused by a plurality of different type defects in a memory device, the read retry table may include a plurality of retry sets corresponding to the respective types of the defects as illustrated in
Various embodiments of the present invention provide a read retry method that determines an occurrence possibility for each defect type when a read error occurs, and performs a read retry operation based on a retry set that is selected based a descending order of the occurrence possibility for each type of defect. In an embodiment, the read retry method can predict which defects are more likely to occur for each storage region of a memory storage device, for example, each block, die or page, and perform a read retry operation for an error occurring in a storage region by selecting a read retry set from a read retry table which corresponds to the defect having the highest occurrence possibility for the storage region, thereby shortening a time required for the error correction.
Referring to
The memory device 75000 may include a plurality of storage regions. For example, the memory device 75000 may include a plurality of memory chips. Each of the memory chips may be divided into a plurality of dies, and each of the dies may be divided into a plurality of planes. Each of the planes may include a plurality of blocks, and each of the blocks may include a plurality of pages.
The controller 71000 may be coupled between the host 7000 and the memory device 75000, and perform various operations such as read, write and erase operations, according to a request of the host 7000. The controller 71000 may perform a read operation on any one storage region among the plurality of storage regions included in the memory device 75000. When a read error occurs during a read operation, the controller 71000 may perform various retry operations such as a read retry operation. The controller 71000 may include a processor 72000 and a read retry table 73000. For example, the processor 72000 may correspond to the processor 13400 illustrated in
In accordance with various embodiments, when a read error occurs in a storage region among the plurality of storage regions included in the memory device 75000, the processor 72000 of the controller 71000 may perform a read retry operation based on the respective occurrence possibilities of a plurality of different type of defects which may be the cause of the detected error in the storage region. The processor 72000 may then perform the read retry operation by referring to the read retry table 73000. The read retry table 73000 may include a plurality of read retry sets corresponding to the respective defects which are likely to occur in the memory device 75000. The read retry table 73000 may also include a list of the possible defects in a descending order of occurrence possibility for each of the storage regions of the memory device. For example, the read retry table 73000 may include K read retry sets as illustrated in
Referring to
When a read error occurs in a storage region included in the memory device 75000, the read retry unit 72400 may determine the occurrence possibilities for each of the plurality of possible different type of defects, based on the status information tracked by the status tracker 72200 for the storage region where the error occurred. The read retry unit 72400 may sort the plurality of defects in descending order of their occurrence possibilities, and perform read retry operations according to a read retry set selected according to the sorted defect order. The read retry unit 72400 may select a read retry set among the plurality of read retry sets included in the read retry table 73000, according to the sorted defect order, and perform a read retry operation on the any one storage region using the selected read retry set.
Referring to
The SSD 80000 may include a controller that stores data provided from the host 8000 into the NAND flash array 85000 in response to a write request from the host 8000, or reads data stored in the NAND flash array 85000 and provide the read data to the host 8000 in response to a read request. The controller may be divided into a host interface layer (HIL) 81000, a flash translation layer (FTL) 820 and a flash interface layer (FIL) 83000. The HIL 81000 may serve as a layer for an interface with the host 80, the FIL 83000 may serve as a layer for an interface with the NAND flash array 85000, and the FTL 82000 may serve as a layer for translating data transmitted/received between the host 80 and the NAND flash array 85000. The HIL 81000 and the FIL 83000 may correspond to the host interface 13200 and the NFC 14200 of the controller 13000 illustrated in
The SSD 80000 may perform various retry methods such as a read retry operation for a successful read operation, when a read error occurs. When a read error occurs even though all of the methods were used, a read fail will occur. For a read retry operation in accordance with various embodiments, the FTL 82000 may include a status tracker 82200, and the FIL 83000 may include a read retry unit 83200 and a read retry table 83400.
The status tracker 82200 may track and write status information on a plurality of storage regions (for example, blocks, dies or pages) included in the flash array 85000. In various embodiments, the status information may include one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle count, a read count and temperature information. The E/W cycle count may include an E/W cycle count for one block. The read count may include a read count for one page. The temperature information may include information on a temperature measured by the controller or flash array 85000 of the SSD 80000.
When a read error occurs in any one storage region among the plurality of storage regions included in the flash array 85000, the read retry unit 83200 may determine occurrence possibilities for a plurality of different type of defects, respectively, based on the status information for the storage region tracked by the status tracker 82200. The read retry unit 83200 may sort the plurality of defects in descending order of the occurrence possibilities, and perform read retry operations according to the sorted defect order. The read retry unit 83200 may select a read retry set among the plurality of read retry sets included in the read retry table 83400, according to the sorted defect order, and perform a read retry operation on the any one storage region using the selected read retry set.
Referring to
The memory device 75000 may include a flash memory device such as NAND flash or NOR flash, ferroelectrics random access memory (FeRAM), phase-change random access memory (PCRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM) or resistive random access memory (ReRAM).
The memory cell array 94000 may be coupled to a plurality of word lines WL and a plurality of bit lines BL. The memory cell array 94000 may include a plurality of memory cells arranged at the respective intersections between the plurality of word lines WL and the plurality of bit lines BL. The memory cell array 94000 may receive an address ADDR for indicating a memory cell to be accessed with a command CMD. The address ADDR may include a row address X_ADDR for selecting word lines WL of the memory cell array 94000 and a column address Y_ADDR for selecting a bit line of the memory cell array 94000.
The row decoder 93000 may be coupled to the memory cell array 94000 through the word lines WL, and select one or more of the word lines in response to the row address X_ADDR from the memory control unit 91000. The column decoder 95000 may be coupled to the memory cell array 94000 through the bit lines BL, and select one or more of the bit lines in response to the column address Y_ADDR from the memory control unit 91000.
The program/read circuit 96000 may include a program circuit 96300 and a read circuit 96500. The program circuit 96300 may be coupled to a bit line BL selected through the column decoder 95000, and perform a program operation (or data write operation) by providing a program pulse to a selected memory cell of the memory cell array 94000. The read circuit 96500 may be coupled to a bit line BL selected through the column decoder 95000, sense the level of a selected memory cell of the memory cell array 94000, and read (or output) data stored therein. The read circuit 96500 may output data to the outside of the memory device 75000, for example, the controller 71000.
The voltage supply unit 92000 may generate various types of voltages for performing program, read and erase operations on the memory cell array 94000, based on voltage control of the memory control unit 91000. The voltage supply unit 92000 may generate driving voltages (or bias voltages) for driving the plurality of word lines WL and bit lines BL through the row decoder 93000 and the column decoder 95000, respectively. Then, the voltage supply unit 92000 may provide the row decoder 93000 and the column decoder 95000 with the corresponding driving voltages. For example, the driving voltages may include a program voltage, reset voltage, read voltage and cutoff voltage.
The memory control unit 91000 may output voltage control signals to the voltage supply unit 92000, based on a command CMD, an address ADDR and a control signal CTRL, which are received from the controller 71000. The voltage control signals may be used to program data to the memory cell array 94000 or read data from the memory cell array 94000. The voltage control signals outputted from the memory control unit 91000 may be provided to the program/read circuit 96000, the voltage supply unit 92000, the row decoder 93000 and the column decoder 95000. The memory control unit 91000 may control overall operations of the memory device 75000.
In accordance with the various embodiments, the memory control unit 91000 may read data stored in the memory cell array 94000 and output the read data to the controller 71000, based on the command CMD, the address ADDR and the control signal CTRL, which are received from the controller 71000. At this time, the memory control unit 91000 may output voltage control signals for reading data from the memory cell array 94000 to the voltage supply unit 92000.
When a read error occurred, the memory control unit 91000 may receive information on a read voltage level for read retry, provided from the controller 71000, that is, a voltage control signal, and output the voltage control signal to the voltage supply unit 92000 such that the corresponding read voltage is supplied to the memory cell array 94000.
In accordance with various embodiments, the read retry table may be included in the memory controller 71000 as illustrated in
Referring to
When the read error occurs, the controller may determine occurrence possibilities for the plurality of different type of defects, respectively, based on status information 100500 on the storage region (for example, block or page) where the error occurred at step 101000. That is, the controller may determine the occurrence possibility for each defect type for the region where the error occurred.
At step 102000, the controller may readjust a read retry order by sorting the plurality of defects in descending order of the occurrence possibilities.
At step 103000, the controller may perform a read retry operation according to the sorted defect order. The controller may select a read retry set among the plurality of read retry sets included in the read retry table, according to the sorted defect order, and perform a read retry operation on the storage region where the read error occurred, using the selected read retry set.
Referring to
The first status value 111000 may include an erase/write (E/W) cycle count. The E/W cycle count may include an E/W cycle count for one block. The second status value 112000 may include a read count. The read count may include a read count for one page. The third status value 113000 may include an operating temperature. The operating temperature may include a temperature value measured by the controller or flash array 85000 of the SSD 80000.
Referring to
Referring to
For the first storage region Region1, a first defect may have the highest occurrence possibility, a second defect may have the second highest occurrence possibility, a third defect may have the third highest occurrence possibility, and a fourth defect may have the lowest occurrence possibility. That is, the occurrence possibilities for the first storage region Region1 may have an order of Defect1→Defect2→Defect3→Defect4.
For the second storage region Region2, the second defect may have the highest occurrence possibility, the first defect may have the second highest occurrence possibility, the third defect may have the third highest occurrence possibility, and the fourth defect may have the lowest occurrence possibility. That is, the occurrence possibilities for the second storage region Region2 may have an order of Defect2→Defect1→Defect3→Defect4.
For the third storage region Region3, the third defect may have the highest occurrence possibility, the fourth defect may have the second highest occurrence possibility, the first defect may have the third highest occurrence possibility, and the second defect may have the lowest occurrence possibility. That is, the occurrence possibilities for the third storage region Region3 may have an order of Defect3→Defect4→Defect1→Defect2.
For the Nth storage region RegionN, the fourth defect may have the highest occurrence possibility, the third defect may have the second highest occurrence possibility, the second defect may have the third highest occurrence possibility, and the first defect may have the lowest occurrence possibility. That is, the occurrence possibilities for the Nth storage region RegionN may have an order of Defect4→Defect3→Defect2→Defect1.
In an embodiment, the read retry unit may normalize possibility decision elements of the corresponding storage region (e.g., block or page) to values between 1 and 100, and compare the normalized possibility decision elements to result values obtained by multiplying given weights by the respective defects, thereby determining the occurrence possibilities (or occurrence probabilities) for the respective defects. The read retry unit may determine that a defect having a relatively large result value has a higher occurrence possibility than a defect having a relatively small result value. The read retry unit can determine occurrence possibilities for the following four kinds of defects.
(Defect 1) Endurance (EN)
Here, Current E/W Cycle may represent the current E/W cycle, and Max allowable E/W Cycle may represent the maximum allowable E/W cycle.
(Defect 2) Read Disturb (RD)
Here, Current read count may represent the current read count, and Max allowable read count may represent the maximum allowable read count.
(Defect 3) cross temperature (CT)
Here, Read Temp. may represent a temperature value during the read operation, Write Temp. may represent a temperature value during the write operation, Max Operating Temp. may represent the maximum operating temperature value, and Min Operating Temp. may represent the minimum operating temperature value.
(Defect 4) data retention (DR)
(Defect5) Open Block Case with Above Error Conditions
Here, WEN, WRD and WCT may represent weights for comparing defect elements one to one, the defect elements having different levels of influence on a shift of Vth distribution. The weights may be acquired through a test.
In various embodiments, since there are no methods capable of measuring a time during power-off in the case of data retention, the read retry unit may preferentially consider the data retention when the values of the other three defect elements correspond to such a level that causes a fail.
After the occurrence possibilities for the respective defects are determined in each of the storage regions, the read retry unit may perform read retry operations according to the occurrence possibilities.
The read retry unit may sort the normalized values for the respective defects in descending order, and decide an application order for the entries of the read retry table according to the sorted order. That is, the read retry unit may select a read retry set among the plurality of read retry sets included in the read retry table, according to the sorted defect order, and perform a read retry operations using the selected read retry set. For example, when the occurrence possibilities for the defects have a relation of RD>EN>CT, the read retry unit may perform read retry operations by applying the corresponding read retry sets in order of Read Disturb→Endurance→Temperature. Furthermore, the read retry unit may determine the application order of the read retry sets even for the same defect, according to the normalized values. For example, when the value of the normalized read disturb RD is 50, the read retry unit can preferentially apply a read retry value corresponding to an intermediate level of read disturb. Also, when a read error occurred even though the normalized values of EN, RD and CT are all equal to or less than reference values, the read retry unit may consider the data retention. Furthermore, the read retry unit may check an open block flag, and apply EN, DR, RD and CT read retry operations reflecting the characteristic of the open block when the open block flag is set.
Referring to
The read retry unit may sort the plurality of defects in descending order of occurrence possibility, and perform read retry operations in the sorted defect order. That is, the read retry unit may select read retry sets among the plurality of read retry sets according to the sorted defect order, and perform the read retry operations using the selected read retry set.
For example, the present embodiment may be based on the supposition that the first to fourth read retry sets 141000 to 144000 correspond to the first to fourth defects illustrated in
For another example, when the occurrence possibilities for the second storage region Region2 have an order of Defect2→Defect1→Defect3→Defect4 as illustrated in
For another example, when the occurrence possibilities for the third storage region Region3 have an order of Defect3→Defect4→Defect1→Defect2 as illustrated in
For another example, when the occurrence possibilities for the Nth storage region RegionN have an order of Defect4→Defect3→Defect2→Defect1 as illustrated in
Referring to
In various embodiments, the controller may determine the occurrence possibilities for the respective defects based on status information on the any one storage region. The status information may include one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle count, a read count and temperature information.
In various embodiments, the controller may sort the plurality of defects in descending order of the occurrence possibilities, and perform read retry operations in the sorted defect order.
In various embodiments, the controller may select a read retry set among the plurality of read retry sets included in the read retry table, according to the sorted defect order, and perform a read retry operation on the any one storage region using the selected read retry set.
In various embodiments, the controller may normalize possibility decision elements of the respective defects, and decide the occurrence possibilities for the respective defects by multiplying given weights by the normalized possibility decision elements.
In various embodiments, the plurality of defects may include two or more of a first defect related to the E/W cycle count, a second defect related to the read count, a third defect related to a difference in temperature between during read operation and during write operation, and a fourth defect related to an elapsed time after write operation. In various embodiments, the controller may select the fourth defect when the values of the possibility decision elements for the first to third defects are smaller than predetermined values, respectively, and perform a read retry operation on the any one storage region using the read retry set corresponding to the selected fourth set.
Referring to
At step S1630, the controller may sort the plurality of defects in descending order of the occurrence possibilities. In various embodiments, the plurality of defects may include two or more of a first defect related to the E/W cycle count, a second defect related to the read count, a third defect related to a difference in temperature between during read operation and during write operation, and a fourth defect related to an elapsed time after write operation.
At step S1640, the controller may select the defect having the highest occurrence possibility among the sorted defects. At step S1650, the controller may select the read retry set corresponding to the selected defect, and perform a read retry operation on the any one storage region using the selected read retry set. At step S1660, the controller may determine whether the read operation has been successfully performed as the result of the read retry operation, at step S1650.
When the read retry operation result indicates that the read operation has been successfully performed, the procedure may be ended. Otherwise, the procedure may return to step S1640.
After returning to step S1640, the controller may select the defect having the second highest occurrence possibility among the sorted defects, select the read retry set corresponding to the selected defect, and perform a read retry operation on the any one storage region using the selected read retry set.
The read retry method in accordance with the various embodiments can determine occurrence possibilities for the respective defect types when a read error occurred, and perform read retry operations in descending order of the occurrence possibilities. The read retry method in accordance with the present embodiments can predict defects which are likely to occur in each of the storage regions of the memory device, and perform read retry operations from the read retry operation for the defect having the highest occurrence possibility, thereby shortening the time required for error correction. Furthermore, the read retry method in accordance with the present embodiments can uniformize correction times for different read errors, and thus improve the quality of service (QoS) of a read request.
Hereinafter, a data processing system and electronic equipment provided with the memory system 11000 including the memory device 15000 and the controller 13000 described with reference to
Referring to
More specifically, the memory controller 612000 may be connected to the memory device 613000 embodied by a nonvolatile memory, and configured to access the memory device 613000. For example, the memory controller 612000 may be configured to control read, write, erase and background operations of the memory device 613000. The memory controller 612000 may be configured to provide an interface between the memory device 613000 and a host, and drive firmware for controlling the memory device 613000. That is, the memory controller 612000 may correspond to the controller 13000 of the memory system 11000 described with reference to
Thus, the memory controller 612000 may include a random access memory (RAM), a processing unit, a host interface, a memory interface and an error correction unit. The memory controller 13000 may further include the elements shown in
The memory controller 612000 may communicate with an external device, for example, the host 10200 of
The memory device 613000 may be implemented by a nonvolatile memory. For example, the memory device 613000 may be implemented by various nonvolatile memory devices such as an erasable and programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM), a NAND flash memory, a NOR flash memory, a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a resistive RAM (ReRAM), a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) and a spin torque transfer magnetic RAM (SU-RAM). The memory device 613000 may include a plurality of dies as in the memory device 15000 of
The memory controller 612000 and the memory device 613000 may be integrated into a single semiconductor device. For example, the memory controller 612000 and the memory device 613000 may construct a solid state drive (SSD) by being integrated into a single semiconductor device. Also, the memory controller 612000 and the memory device 613000 may construct a memory card such as a PC card (e.g., Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)), a compact flash (CF) card, a smart media card (e.g., SM and SMC), a memory stick, a multimedia card (e.g., MMC, RS-MMC, MMCmicro and eMMC), an SD card (e.g., SD, miniSD, microSD and SDHC) and a universal flash storage (UFS).
Referring to
The memory controller 622000 may control a read, write or erase operation on the memory device 623000 in response to a request of the host 621000, and the memory controller 622000 may include a central processing unit (CPU) 622100, a random access memory (RAM) as a buffer memory 622200, an error correction code (ECC) circuit 622300, a host interface 622400 and an NVM interface as a memory interface 622500.
The CPU 622100 may control overall operations on the memory device 623000, for example, read, write, file system management and bad page management operations. The RAM 622200 may be operated according to control of the CPU 622100, and used as a work memory, buffer memory or cache memory. When the RAM 622200 is used as a work memory, data processed by the CPU 622100 may be temporarily stored in the RAM 622200. When the RAM 622200 is used as a buffer memory, the RAM 622200 may be used for buffering data transmitted to the memory device 623000 from the host 621000 or transmitted to the host 621000 from the memory device 623000. When the RAM 622200 is used as a cache memory, the RAM 622200 may assist the low-speed memory device 623000 to operate at high speed.
The ECC circuit 622300 may correspond to the ECC unit 13800 of the controller 13000 illustrated in
The memory controller 622000 may transmit/receive data to/from the host 621000 through the host interface 622400, and transmit/receive data to/from the memory device 623000 through the NVM interface 622500. The host interface 622400 may be connected to the host 621000 through at least one of various interface protocols such as a parallel advanced technology attachment (PATA) bus, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a small computer system interface (SCSI), a universal serial bus (USB), a peripheral component interconnection express (PCIe) or a NAND interface. The memory controller 622000 may have a wireless communication function with a mobile communication protocol such as wireless fidelity (WI-FI) or long term evolution (LTE). The memory controller 622000 may be connected to an external device, for example, the host 621000 or another external device, and then transmit/receive data to/from the external device. In particular, as the memory controller 622000 is configured to communicate with the external device through one or more of various communication protocols, the memory system and the data processing system in accordance with an embodiment may be applied to wired/wireless electronic devices or particularly a mobile electronic device.
Referring to
More specifically, the controller 632000 may be connected to the memory device 634000 through a plurality of channels CH1 to CHi. The controller 632000 may include a processor 632100, a buffer memory 632500, an error correction code (ECC) circuit 632200, a host interface 632400 and a nonvolatile memory interface as a memory interface 632600.
The buffer memory 632500 may temporarily store data provided from the host 631000 or data provided from a plurality of flash memories NVM included in the memory device 634000, or temporarily store meta data of the plurality of flash memories NVM, for example, map data including a mapping table. The buffer memory 632500 may be embodied by volatile memories such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate (DDR) SDRAM, a low power double data rate (LPDDR) SDRAM and graphic random access memory (GRAM) or nonvolatile memories such as a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), a resistive random access memory (ReRAM), a spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) and a phase change random access memory (PRAM). For convenience of description,
The ECC circuit 632200 may calculate an ECC value of data to be programmed to the memory device 634000 during a program operation, perform an error correction operation on data read from the memory device 634000 based on the ECC value during a read operation, and perform an error correction operation on data recovered from the memory device 634000 during a failed data recovery operation.
The host interface 632400 may provide an interface function with an external device, for example, the host 631000, and the nonvolatile memory interface 632600 may provide an interface function with the memory device 634000 connected through the plurality of channels.
Furthermore, a plurality of SSDs 630000 to which the memory system 11000 of
Referring to
More specifically, the controller 643000 may be connected to the memory device 644000 through a plurality of channels. The controller 643000 may include one or more cores 643200, a host interface 643100 and a memory interface, for example, a NAND interface 643300.
The core 643200 may control overall operations of the eMMC 640000, the host interface 643100 may provide an interface function between the controller 643000 and the host 641000, and the NAND interface 643300 may provide an interface function between the memory device 644000 and the controller 643000. For example, the host interface 643100 may serve as a parallel interface such as an MMC interface as described with reference to
Referring to
The hosts 651000, 661000, 671000 and 681000, the UFS devices 652000, 662000, 672000 and 682000 and the UFS cards 653000, 663000, 673000 and 683000 in the respective UFS systems 650000, 660000, 670000 and 680000 may communicate with external devices, for example, wired and/or wireless electronic devices or particularly mobile electronic devices through UFS protocols, and the UFS devices 652000, 662000, 672000 and 682000 and the UFS cards 653000, 663000, 673000 and 683000 may be embodied by the memory system 11000 illustrated in
Furthermore, in the UFS systems 650000, 660000, 670000 and 680000, the hosts 651000, 661000, 671000 and 681000, the UFS devices 652000, 662000, 672000 and 682000 and the UFS cards 653000, 663000, 673000 and 683000 may communicate with each other through an UFS interface, for example, MIPI M-PHY and MIPI Unified Protocol (UniPro) in Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI). Furthermore, the UFS devices 652000, 662000, 672000 and 682000 and the UFS cards 653000, 663000, 673000 and 683000 may communicate with each other through various protocols other than the UFS protocol, for example, USB flash drives (UFDs), multimedia card (MMC), secure digital (SD), mini-SD, and micro-SD.
In the UFS system 650000 illustrated in
In the UFS system 660000 illustrated in
In the UFS system 670000 illustrated in
In the UFS system 680000 illustrated in
Referring to
More specifically, the application processor 693000 may drive components included in the user system 690000, for example, an OS, and include controllers, interfaces and a graphic engine which control the components included in the user system 690000. The application processor 693000 may be provided as System-on-Chip (SoC).
The memory module 692000 may be used as a main memory, work memory, buffer memory or cache memory of the user system 690000. The memory module 692000 may include a volatile RAM such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate (DDR) SDRAM, a DDR2 SDRAM, a DDR3 SDRAM, a low power double data rate (LPDDR) SDARM, an LPDDR2 SDRAM and an LPDDR3 SDRAM or a nonvolatile RAM such as a phase change random access memory (PRAM), a resistive random access memory (ReRAM), a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM). For example, the application processor 693000 and the memory module 692000 may be packaged and mounted, based on a package-on-package (POP).
The network module 694000 may communicate with external devices. For example, the network module 694000 may not only support wired communication, but also support various wireless communication protocols such as code division multiple access (CDMA), global system for mobile communication (GSM), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA-2000, time division multiple access (TDMA), long term evolution (LTE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN), ultra-wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, wireless display (WI-DI), thereby communicating with wired and/or wireless electronic devices or particularly mobile electronic devices. Therefore, the memory system and the data processing system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, can be applied to wired and/or wireless electronic devices. The network module 694000 may be included in the application processor 693000.
The storage module 695000 may store data, for example, data provided from the application processor 693000, and then may transmit the stored data to the application processor 693000. The storage module 695000 may be embodied by a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device such as a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a magnetic RAM (MRAM), a resistive RAM (ReRAM), a NAND flash, NOR flash and 3D NAND flash, and provided as a removable storage medium such as a memory card or external drive of the user system 690000. The storage module 695000 may correspond to the memory system 11000 described with reference to
The user interface 691000 may include interfaces for inputting data or commands to the application processor 693000 or outputting data to an external device. For example, the user interface 691000 may include user input interfaces such as a keyboard, a keypad, a button, a touch panel, a touch screen, a touch pad, a touch ball, a camera, a microphone, a gyroscope sensor, a vibration sensor and a piezoelectric element, and user output interfaces such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device, an active matrix OLED (AMOLED) display device, a light emitting diode (LED), a speaker and a motor.
Furthermore, when the memory system 11000 of
Although various embodiments have been described for illustrative purposes, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other embodiments, changes and modifications thereof may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2017-0039915 | Mar 2017 | KR | national |
| 10-2017-0116943 | Sep 2017 | KR | national |
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/799,526 filed on Feb. 24, 2020, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/961,210 filed on Apr. 24, 2018 now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,573,380 on Feb. 25, 2020, which claims benefits of priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0116943, filed on Sep. 13, 2017, and which is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/532,965 filed on Aug. 6, 2019 now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,086,720 on Aug. 10, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/813,502 filed on Nov. 15, 2017 and now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,379,955 on Aug. 13, 2019, which claims benefits of priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0039915 filed on Mar. 29, 2017. The disclosure of each of the foregoing application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16799526 | Feb 2020 | US |
| Child | 17564925 | US | |
| Parent | 15813502 | Nov 2017 | US |
| Child | 16532965 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16532965 | Aug 2019 | US |
| Child | 16799526 | US | |
| Parent | 15961210 | Apr 2018 | US |
| Child | 16532965 | US |
