Patent Application
20130177354
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure is directed to surface ornamentation of concrete structures and, more particularly, to a reusable compliant tool and method of applying designs into unfinished concrete.
2. Description of the Related Art
Forming surface ornamentation in concrete is both a skill and an art form that requires proper tools and an appreciation for artistic expression. Numerous methods and tools have been developed to aid in forming a design in base materials like concrete, patios, walkways, and the like.
For example, one approach has been the use of paper stencils to provide guidelines for the worker to use a tool in forming the impression in the concrete. The disadvantage of this approach is that the paper can only be used once, is difficult to work with in the wind, and can sometimes leave artifacts in the concrete. In addition, this approach is limited to relatively small-scale impressions. Larger impressions require using multiple copies of the paper stencil, resulting in increased costs in labor and time, and a low quality in the final product. Hence, paper-based impression patterns are disfavored.
Concrete stamping with tools is a labor-intensive process that involves using a stamp pad having a working face with a desired impression to be transferred into the concrete. This can include three-dimensional textures as well as two-dimensional graphic designs. Such tools usually require multiple stamp pads to avoid repeated duplication of the pattern, unless such duplication is desired. In addition, before the tool can be laid down, the stamp pad must be treated with a release agent so that it is easily removable from the concrete after the impression is formed. Thus, after the release agent is applied, the stamp pad is laid down and pounded into the concrete, and then the concrete finisher must attempt to place the next stamp pad adjacent the first stamp pad to have a pattern in the correct format. The stamping process is then repeated.
Tools used in this regard are illustrated and described in a number of prior patents, which are summarized below.
Moorhead (U.S. Pat. No. 3,910,711) describes a concrete or paving forming apparatus and process that includes allowing a concrete or paving material to cure into a substantially plastic condition and then imprinting it with a pattern impressed therein in a continuous process. A plastic film or other suitable release agent permits the forming apparatus to be driven into the concrete in a manner whereby it will not remove the surface of the concrete when it is withdrawn.
The apparatus generally includes a roller with a series of patterns formed by means of blades that conform to the pattern that is to be pressed into the concrete. The roller effectively rolls in the pattern while at the same time a sheet of plastic film is laid down on the concrete ahead of the roller. Thus, as the roller is impressed into the concrete and removed, it will not gouge the concrete. Other release agents such as the silicones or the tetrafluorethylenes can be sprayed on the roller blades or on the concrete to prevent binding and gouging of the pavement.
Moorhead does not indicate what material is used to construct the roller other than it is a “non-deformable material.” Moorhead does indicate a release agent such as a spray or a plastic sheet be laid down between the roller and the concrete to act as a buffer, implying that it did not occur to Moorhead to make a molded polyurea or polyurethane concrete stamp.
Bowman (U.S. Pat. No. 4,105,354) describes a squirrel-cage like pattern forming roller for uncured concrete surfaces. A worker ballasted, propelled, and guided roller cage for imprinting predetermined surface patterns upon a slab of freshly cast, smoothed, yet still plastic concrete is illustrated and described. The wheel includes a generally cylindrical frame that is large enough to accommodate a worker in a walking position there within. The frame supports a plurality of rigid blades carried about the outside thereof, the blades configured to provide the patterns desired. A walkway is provided on the inside of the frame for the worker, and the frame may also be gripped by the worker as a handle, if desired. The weight of the worker is combined with the weight of the wheel to aid in driving the blades into the surface of the slab to a predetermined depth. The walkway enables the worker, by a walking movement in a forward direction, to propel the wheel over a path of the slab directed by the worker thereby forming the predetermined surface pattern therein. A plurality of tools of the same diameter may be peripherally linked together to increase simultaneous pattern imprinting width so that the combination of peripherally linked tools will span the width of larger slabs being poured.
Bowman states that the grid pattern on the cylindrical wheel can be formed of “rigid metallic or hard plastic material,” including a “very hard elastomeric material, such as a hard rubber, having a durometer hardness of, e.g., 100.”
Fresquez (U.S. Pat. No. 4,131,406) describes tools for making impressions in hardenable materials. More specifically, a tool is provided that incorporates a plurality of penetrating blades arranged in a stamping plane. The blades are secured to a platform grid. The blades parallel an edge of the platform to form a closed end of the tool. The blades taper from the platform attached portion to a penetrating tip to thereby form a tapering transverse profile. Blades terminating opposite the closed end of the tool include a mating blade face having a longitudinal profile complimentary to the transverse profile so that when the tool is positioned against other similar tools in making impressions, the closed end-to-open end interface is made without gaps or voids, thereby eliminating hand work in the finishing operation.
Puccini et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,135,840) provides tools for imprinting non-repeating stone patterns in fresh concrete. The tool has a plurality of blades forming a non-repeating stone pattern. The perimeter of all interior stone patterns is closed or defined, while all exterior patterns are open and only partially defined. The open blade ends of the open patterns are equally spaced about the perimeter of the tool, so that it will align with an adjacent open blade end of a second tool or an imprint and complete a stone pattern in any position and create a non-repeating design. The tool may also be used to create a random repeating pattern by successive non-rotational alignment of all open blade end of any particular side.
Roming (U.S. Pat. No. 4,231,677) describes a process and apparatus for forming concrete. A lightweight embossing tool is shown and described that provides for patterning an impressionable surface material, for example freshly poured concrete. It includes a one-man rectangular weight-supporting platform having essentially flat top, bottom and side portions, a centrally located opening formed on the top surface of the platform adapted to receive a shaft, the bottom surface of the platform having rigidly connected thereto a plurality of blades arranged within the perimeter of the platform bottom in a predetermined pattern. The design of the tool is such that the weight of a man standing on both feet on the platform and straddling the centrally located opening is substantially evenly distributed along the blades. Roming teaches that the tool should be formed of “any durable cast aluminum allow.”
Hendricks et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,426) shows a device for manually, repetitively imprinting a surface pattern in fresh concrete. The device is described to include a plurality of blades secured together to form an imprinting unit, with lower edges thereof to form the desired pattern when pressed into the leveled surface of fresh concrete. A bar handle is secured transversely to upper portions of the blades to extend laterally beyond the perimeter of the imprinting unit to facilitate manual operation of the device; and a leveling device is secured to and cooperates with the handle to vertically position the blades of the device with respect to the surface to be imprinted. Hendricks et al. describe the blades as “preferably made of metal such as aluminum.”
Usow (U.S. Pat. No. 4,993,867) describes a rigid concrete stamping tool with flat handles. More specifically, the concrete stamping tool has a lower blade assembly molded to a substantially flat upper assembly having flat handles on an upper surface thereof. A handle mount is provided in the center of the tool, and an array of holes allows ganging of a plurality of such tools in either the vertical or horizontal direction. The device or tool is described as “rigid” and made of “high impact plastic.”
Oliver et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,511) is directed to a grid and method for producing a pattern on a surface. The grid includes elongated members connected together at intersections and extending about a plurality of open areas to form a mesh-like structure. Connecting members are connected to the elongated members at the intersections. The connecting members extend outwardly from at least one said elongated member. The connecting members have a thickness less than the thickness of the elongated members. The bottoms of the connecting members and bottoms of the elongated members are flush. The grid is placed on a surface and a liquid coating is spread over the surface in the open areas between the elongated members. The liquid coating is allowed to set. Preferably there is a removable coating on the grid which is removed after the liquid coating is set.
Oliver et al. describe the grid as being constructed from concrete with a polymer additive.
Johns (U.S. Pat. No. 6,360,505) describes a surface panel and associated ICF system for creating decorative and utilitarian surfaces on concrete structures. More specifically, the surface panel is designed to allow motif surfaces of brick, stone, tile or siding to be applied to the exterior and interior of concrete structures. The surface panel can be used with other surface panels, or alternatively, as a component of an insulating concrete form (ICF) system. When used with an ICF system, the exterior surface of a concrete structure has a motif surface of brick, stone, tile or siding, while the interior of the structure has an insulating polystyrene surface. Johns states that the panel is made from light weight and durable polystyrene, a rigid material. Alternative materials include plywood.
Puccini (Des. 272,037) shows a tool for imprinting fish scale patterns in fresh concrete. The pattern shown is a curved array, but the grid pattern appears to be made of rigid material.
The present disclosure is directed to a method of forming and applying a reusable flexible tool to uncured concrete in order to form a decorative impression in the concrete. More specifically, the present method and system provides for a reusable tool in the form of a molded polyurea or polyurethane tool or “mold” that can be applied early in the concrete forming process, i.e., when the concrete surface is less cured or set and is more easily formed into the desired impression. Ideally, the mold is formed of cured polyurea.
After forming of the concrete, the mold is then impressed into the concrete to transfer the mold pattern to the concrete surface. Because the molded stamp or die can be formed, transported, and used on a much larger scale than prior concrete design forming tools, and because the design can be transferred to the concrete much faster and with less labor, it has superior benefits over a paper stencil. In addition, the molded, flexible stamp can easily be cleaned, stored, transported, and reused.
As an example, a brick wall or a slate path can be impressed using the disclosed tool. A large, grid-like embodiment of the tool of the invention is applied to a concrete surface to provide the grout lines. One embodiment uses a particular mold pattern, which is a 6′ cobblestone circle. This impression has the appearance of a web with only the grout lines visible. When this impression is applied on top of a wet concrete slab, trawled in, and then removed, only the grout line pattern is transferred into the cement. The size ranges are unlimited. It is expected that typical sizes will be used for different projects such as driveways or patios, although any size and any pattern can be designed and used as the molded tool.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus or tool for forming the impression in the concrete is provided. The apparatus includes a tool for forming impressions in a base material, the tool having a shaped, flexible framework of cured material with integrally formed segments in the shape of a repeatable pattern, the cured material having a memory property to retain and return to an original state such that the framework can be folded multiple times, rolled, and then unfolded or unrolled to return to the original state, the framework configured to be pressed into the base material to leave an impression in the base material in the shape of the repeatable pattern.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, the foregoing apparatus has the segments formed to have a first side shaped to form an impression in the base material, and an opposing side that comprises a planar surface.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, each segment of the framework has a first side shaped to form an impression in the base material and an opposing side comprising a planar surface.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, each segment has a cross-sectional configuration that is one of either a triangle, truncated triangle, or hemispherical.
As will be readily appreciated from the foregoing, the present disclosure provides a method and tool that reduces time, labor, and costs while increasing the quality of the final product. The product is reusable, which will cut down on contractor costs to do decorative concrete projects. The product and the procedure will make decorative concrete more affordable and hence more desirable to the consumer. In addition, the impression to the concrete can be made at a much earlier time in the setting process of the concrete and on a much larger scale with a better quality finished product. By applying the concrete impression at an earlier stage, a concrete finisher is able to finish a larger area of concrete in a shorter amount of time.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be more readily appreciated as the same become better understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures or components or both associated with molded parts, including but not limited to molds and mold forming tools, have not been shown or described in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments.
Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims that follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to.” The foregoing applies equally to the words “including” and “having.”
Reference throughout this description to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearance of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Referring initially to
The particular design shown in
Each of the segments 18, 20, is formed to have substantially the same cross-sectional shape.
It is to be understood that the height of the segments h and the width w is generally not limited except by the physical limitations of the materials being used, including the base material. Hence, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to any particular dimension. Another size limitation is that large segments that have too great of a height could cut too deep into the concrete, fracturing the concrete. However, in the interest of full disclosure, the height h is generally in the range of ½ to ⅜ inch deep. The width w can generally be within the same range, with ¼ inch to be the minimum and the maximum should be no larger than necessary to avoid running into other segments.
The integral segments 18, 20 are preferably formed using a standard molding process. Ideally, the preferred material is a 95 Shore A polyurethane elastomer. When cured, this material has been found to provide the best combination of properties for the intended use of the tool, which is stamping a base material, such as concrete.
When using the polyurethane material, it is provided in two parts, part A, a hardener, and part B, a compound, that react together to activate the material to enable it to cure. Ideally a low-pressure gear proportioner computerized pump is used to control the parts to be mixed at a 1:1 ratio.
The mold for the tool is formed using conventional materials, such as plastic, wood, metal, and the like. The mold is generally lined with a release agent before the polyurethane elastomer material is poured in the mold. Generally the mold is kept at a temperature of 60° to 90°, or about room temperature. After the material is poured into the mold and ideally up to the top of the grout line, it is allowed to sit at room temperature for about 18 to 24 hours, and more preferably 24 hours, before it has usable strength, and up to 5 to 7 days at room temperature in order to have full strength. If the environment is heated, curing is sped up.
After the tool is released from the mold, it should be laid down flat for storage. However, it can be stored in a folded or rolled-up condition, but in that case it should preferably be left out for 1 hour on a planar surface in order to flatten and provide good handling characteristics in use.
The use of the polyurethane elastomer or the polyurea material allows the molded tool to be folded in halves or quarters, or to be tightly rolled, while still retaining its shape when it is unfolded or unrolled. In other words, the material has a “memory” that keeps the segments in their proper orientation and alignment when deployed for use after storage. Ideally the polyurethane elastomer or ployurea is of the highest Shore strength available.
The method of the present disclosure utilizes the tool 10 previously described. Although the representative embodiment is described in the context of a concrete patio, it is to be understood that the tool may be used with any horizontal or vertical base material, including concrete and the like.
With respect to a concrete patio, after the concrete is poured it is floated after tamping and then allowed to partially cure to a firmness that supports the weight of the tool 10. The tool can be unrolled or unfolded onto the concrete, where it is preferably pressed into the concrete with a trowel. Prior to deployment, the tool 10 can be treated with a powder or liquid release agent if desired.
In application, the tool 10 is troweled into the concrete or pressed in using a roller or paint roller, following which the tool is troweled over to smooth out any marks left by the roller or applicator. In addition, a textured mat can be applied over the tool and impressed into the concrete with pressure, such as a tamping tool, to provide a texture to the segments between the grout lines. For larger applications, the tool 10 can be deployed and impressed into the concrete using poles, kneepads, and the like.
Thus,
After use, the tool should be washed and cleaned, preferably with water and soap. Because of its construction and material, cleaning is relatively simple. After the tool is cleaned, it can be folded, rolled, or otherwise compacted for storage.
The tool of the present disclosure enables the application of an impression to a base material at a much earlier time in the curing process and on a much larger scale, to achieve a much better quality finished product than has been presently attainable with current methodology and tools. Applying the concrete impression at an earlier stage in the curing process, as well as using a larger stamp, allows a concrete finisher to be able to finish a larger area in a much shorter time, reducing labor costs and providing a better quality product. The tool is easily reusable, which cuts down significantly in the cost of concrete stamping, making it more affordable and desirable for consumers.
The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. For example, the designs shown and described herein are merely representative designs. Other design patterns can be used, such as a random rock design. Also, it may be possible, but not preferred, to form the tool from aluminum or a shape memory alloy, although this is quite costly.
Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.
These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61585118 | Jan 2012 | US |
