The present invention relates generally to a calibration device and calibration method. In particular, the present invention relates to devices and methods for calibrating an optical wavefront system that measures optical aberrations in a patient's eye.
Laser eye surgical systems typically employ a system that can track and measure the optical characteristics of the patient's eye. One promising eye measurement system uses wavefront technology that allows the surgeon to measure and treat low order and high order aberrations in and on the patient's eye. A wavefront measurement of the eye creates a high order aberration map that permits assessment of aberrations throughout the optical pathway of the eye, e.g., both internal aberrations and aberrations on the corneal surface. The aberration information can then be used to compute a custom ablation pattern so that the surgical laser system can correct the aberrations of the patient's eye.
One exemplary wavefront technology system is the VISX WaveScan™ System, which uses Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors that can quantify aberrations throughout the entire optical system, including first and second-order sphero-cylindrical errors, coma, and third through sixth order aberrations related to coma, astigmatism, and spherical aberrations. The aberrations can be displayed to the surgeon in the form of an AcuityMap™ and/or an aberration map, for example.
However, in order to accurately map the aberrations in the patient's eye, it is required that the wavefront system be properly calibrated. If the eye measurement systems are not properly calibrated, the information derived from the wavefront will not provide the correct aberration pattern and an incorrect ablation pattern may thereafter be chosen.
Consequently, what are needed are devices and methods which can calibrate eye measurement systems, such as a wavefront system.
The present invention provides devices and methods for calibrating an optical wavefront imaging system, such as the VISX WaveScan™ Wavefront System. It should be appreciated however, that if desired the calibration methods and devices of the present invention can be used to calibrate other eye measurement devices, such as those manufactured and/or sold by Bausch & Lomb, Wavefront Sciences, Alcon Laboratories, and the like.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of calibrating an imaging device, such as a wavefront system. The method comprises directing light having known characteristics into the imaging device. The characteristics of the light are measured with the imaging device and the measured characteristics are compared with known characteristics of the light to calibrate the imaging device. If the measured phase characteristics of the reflected light do not equal the expected phase characteristics of the reflected light, the user will know that the imaging device is not calibrated correctly.
In one embodiment, the light is reflect off of a target and through an pupil or aperture assembly to aperture the light. As can be appreciated, instead of reflecting light off of a target and through the aperture assembly, it may be possible to provide a light source to generate a collimated or non-collimated light that has known characteristics.
In some embodiment, a defocus may be imparted into the reflected light, as the light will not be directed through any lenses. In other embodiments, the light can be directed through lens assemblies to change the diopter defocus and/or impart an astigmatism.
Alternatively or additionally, the light can be passed through a phase plate to impart specific, known phase characteristics to the light that is directed into the imaging device. The user can then compare the measured characteristics of the light with the expected characteristics of the light to determine if the wavefront system is properly calibrated.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a calibration tool for a wavefront system. The calibration tool comprises a body having a proximal portion and a distal portion. Target means, such as a flat or curved assembly, is positioned on the distal portion of the body for reflecting light into the wavefront system. Pupil means, such as a body having an aperture, are positioned on the proximal portion for aperturing the light beam. Optionally, attachment means may be used to couple the body to the wavefront system.
In some embodiments the calibration tool may include phase means for creating a phase profile in the reflected light and/or lens means for changing characteristics of the reflected light.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a calibration tool comprising a body having a proximal portion and a distal portion. A target is positioned on the distal portion of the body so as to reflect light into the image device. A pupil device is positioned on the proximal portion of the body to aperture the light, wherein at least one of the target and pupil device is movable.
In some embodiments, the calibration device includes a lens assembly that is coupled to the body to introduce at least one of focus and astigmatism into the light. Furthermore, additional high-order aberrations may also be introduced into the light by placing a phase plate with these high order aberrations approximately into the pupil. Such embodiments may or may not include a spherical or cylindrical lens.
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention will become apparent by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and drawings.
Wavefront systems collect and analyze light that is reflected off of the retina to determine the low order and high order aberrations (if any) that are present in the optical path of the patient's eye. As illustrated in
Wavefront systems can segment each wavefront using a series of sub-apertures and focus the light that travels through each sub-aperture onto an imaging device, such as a CCD, using a series of lenslets corresponding to the sub-apertures. In a flat wavefront, the focal points are in line with the optical axes of the lenslets, and, as shown in
When the wavefront is distorted due to aberrations in the eye, each focal point will shift proportionate to the gradient of that part of the wave that passes through the corresponding lenslet. As shown in
The wavefront data can be constructed into a color representation of visual acuity or wavefront variations over the entire area of the pupil. The map can precisely represent variations in refractive status encompassing the entire optical system, based on measurements taken of the wavefront as it exits the eye. Low order, higher-order, and sphero-cylindrical aberrations can be captured by wavefront systems, such as the VISX WaveScan™ System so as to allow the surgeon to make an objective assessment of the wavefront-based refraction.
The calibration methods and devices of the present invention typically use a body, such as a plurality of rods, to position an aperture and/or a phase plate relative to a target. Light is brought to a point on the target and is reflected back through the aperture and into the wavefront system being calibrated. If desired, a lens assembly can be used with the calibration device to change the diopter defocus or introduce astigmatism into the light to calibrate the wavefront system's ability to track such phase characteristics. Because the user will know the configuration and characteristics of the components of the calibration tool, the user will know the characteristics of the light (e.g., wavefront) that is delivered into the wavefront system. By comparing the expected characteristics of the wavefront with the measurements of the light from the wavefront system being tested, the user can determine if the system is properly calibrated.
The calibration devices and methods of the present invention can emulate the structure of the eye so as to produce an exiting wavefront pattern having certain phase characteristics, such as astigmatism or defocus, which can be analyzed by the wavefront system being calibrated.
Typically, for embodiments that include a spherical lens, the space between the aperture and the target will be between approximately 0.1 meters to 0.2 meters so as to calibrate between −12 diopters and +8 diopters. It should be appreciated however, that other lengths and calibration of diopters can be provided if desired.
In order to test the wavefront system's calibration of defocus and astigmatism, calibration device 10 can incorporate one or more lenses or phase plates to alter the characteristics of the wavefront that exits the calibration device so that the light reflected through the aperture will have certain phase characteristics, including at least some defocus, aberrations, astigmatism, and the like. The actual wavefront measurement from the wavefront system can be compared with the expected wavefront measurement to help calibrate the device under test.
In exemplary embodiments, to attach the calibration device to the wavefront system, calibration device 10 can include an attachment means 20 such as threads, clips, or the like, to position the calibration device within the optical path of the system being calibrated. In the illustrated embodiment, threads 20 can screw into a corresponding threaded opening in an optical head of the wavefront system (not shown). Threads 20 can be coupled to an adaptor 22 that is rigidly attached to body 12 so as to accurately position aperture 14 and target 16 in an optical path of the wavefront system. It should be appreciated, however, that in other embodiments, the calibration device need not have an attachment means 20, and can merely be placed on a calibration rail (not shown), or the like, to position the calibration device in the optical path of the system being calibrated
As shown most clearly in
Target 16 can be attached to body 12 through a housing 26. Housing 26 typically has a plurality of openings 28 for receiving rods 12 and a central aperture 30 for housing the target disk 24. Target can be fixed in position on the rods through use of attachment means 32, such as screws, clips, or the like. In embodiments where the diopters are to be adjusted or a defocus is desired to be imparted into the wavefront, target 16 will be movable. Loosening of the attachment means allows target 16 to be moved along a longitudinal axis of rods 12 so as to change the diopters and to impart a defocus into the exiting wavefront. In embodiments in which a cylindrical lens is used, the target will be held stationary and the cylindrical lens will be movable.
Typically, calibration device 10 can be used to calibrate between −12 diopters and +8 diopters. It should be appreciated however, that a larger range of diopters can be measured by changing the different optical powers and configuration of the components of calibration device 10.
Referring again to
The present invention can take a variety of forms. In a first embodiment, the present invention is as described above, in which calibration device includes a target 16 and an aperture 14. In a second embodiment, a phase plate 40 can be added to the aperture 38 so as to create a phase profile in a pupil plane for the light exiting the calibration tool. In one specific configuration, the calibration device includes both a phase plate and an aperture 40, collectively.
In a third embodiment, calibration device 10 can include a lens assembly 44 which can change the characteristics of the light passing through the calibration device 10 such that specific aberration characteristics can be imparted into the exiting wavefront that is to be measured by the wavefront system under test. The result of the measurement can then be compared to the results expected from the configuration of the calibration device 10 in order to calibrate the wavefront device under test.
Lens assembly 44 can be positioned between target 16 and aperture 14. Depending on the type of lens, the lens assembly 44 can be used to impart an astigmatism or defocus into the wavefront that exits the calibration device 10. Similar to the target, lens assembly can include a housing 46 that has a central aperture 48 and a plurality of openings 50 for receiving rods 12. Attachment means 52 can be used to release and secure the position of the housing 46 relative to the rods. A mounting device 54 can attach a lens, such as a negative or positive spherical or cylindrical lens, to the assembly 44.
As shown in
As shown in
In a fourth embodiment, the calibration device of the present invention can include a phase plate 40 and a lens assembly 44 that includes a cylindrical lens or a spherical lens assembly.
In a fifth embodiment, the calibration device of the present invention can include a phase plate 40, without a lens assembly.
In any of the embodiments described above, mounting device 54 may be used to tilt the lens assembly 44 and/or phase plate 40 to a non-orthogonal angle relative to the optical axis of the imaging device so as to direct undesired specular light reflections from the lens or phase plate away from the optical entrance aperture of the imaging device under test.
As illustrated schematically in
The characteristics of the light are measured with the wavefront system (Step 66) and the measured characteristics of the light are compared with the expected characteristics of the light that exited the calibration device (Step 68). The wavefront system can thereafter be calibrated based on the comparison of the expected measurements and the actual measurements (Step 70). If the measured characteristics of the light are the same as the known characteristics of the light, then no additional calibration of the wavefront system is necessary.
While the above is a complete description of the preferred embodiments of the inventions, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents may be used. For example, if desired, body 12 can include distance markings to inform the user of the relative distance between the lens, aperture, and/or target. Although the foregoing has been described in detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be obvious that certain modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.
The present application claims benefit to Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/356,657, entitled “Method and Device for Calibrating an Optical Wavefront System,” filed Feb. 11, 2002, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The present application is also related to Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/356,658, entitled “Apparatus and Method for Determining Relative Positional and Rotational Offsets Between a First and Second Imaging Device” and “Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/356,672, entitled “Closed Loop System and Method for Ablating Lenses with Aberrations,” both filed Feb. 11, 2002, the complete disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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