Patent Application
20090093920
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to railroad end of train units, and more particularly to an improved method for keeping track of end of train units.
2. Discussion of the Background
Within the railroad industry, end of train (EOT) units are typically attached at the rear of the last car on a train. As is well known in the art, these EOT units can perform one or more of a variety of functions. EOT units monitor air pressure in the air brake pipe and transmit this information to the head of the train (HOT). EOT units also often include an end-of-train marker light. Two-way EOT units can accept a command from the HOT to open the air brake pipe (loss of air pressure in the air brake pipe causes the brakes to activate and stop the train) in an emergency situation. Some EOT units include motion detectors that are used to inform the HOT as to whether, and in some cases in which direction, a train is moving. Other EOT units include GPS receivers that are used to transmit location information pertaining to the end of the train to HOT equipment as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,081,769. EOT units usually communicate with the HOT using radio-based communications.
Supplying power to EOT units is an important consideration. As discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,267,473 and 6,236,185, it is known to supply power to EOT units using batteries or a combination of batteries and air-powered generators connected to the brake pipe. In order to conserve battery power, EOT units are usually configured to power down when the unit is tipped over from a vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation by trainyard personnel when the EOT is not in use.
As their name implies, EOT units are mounted at the end of a train. Because various cars in trains are often shuffled in and out of consists and because trains are often reformed during operation, it is often necessary to install and remove EOT units from individual cars in a train yard. Because EOT units are often heavy and/or bulky, EOT units removed from cars are often left by the wayside for collection at a later time. Unfortunately, EOT units left by the wayside in this manner often become misplaced or “lost.” Thousands of wayside units are lost this way each year. Even a temporarily misplaced EOT unit can cost a railroad money. For example, rent must be paid for the time when an EOT unit from one railroad is in another railroad's territory. Thus, if such an EOT unit is temporarily misplaced, the rent is increased.
What is needed is an apparatus and method for tracking EOT units.
The present invention meets the aforementioned need to a great extent by providing an end of train unit that includes a positioning system such as a GPS receiver and that is configured to transmit a message including the EOT unit's location when the EOT unit detects a loss of air pipe pressure, a low battery condition, or when the EOT unit is tipped over or in response to a query from a device located off the train. The EOT unit may communicate directly with a device located off the train. Alternatively, an EOT unit-generated message intended to be received by a device located off the train may be transmitted by the EOT unit to the HOT and re-transmitted by the HOT to the device located off the train.
In highly preferred embodiments, the EOT unit periodically re-transmits the message until an acknowledgment message is received. In such embodiments, the HOT may be configured to detect a situation in which an EOT unit has ceased re-transmitting the message before an acknowledgment message is received, and when such a situation is detected, to begin transmitting a message including the EOT position (which message may be a substantial duplicate of the message transmitted by the EOT unit) until an acknowledgment is detected.
In another aspect of the invention, messages containing EOT unit locations are collected by an EOT unit monitoring station. The EOT unit monitoring station generates a message including the EOT location information and routes the message to appropriate personnel responsible for tracking the EOT units. The EOT unit monitoring station preferably translates the positioning system coordinates from the EOT unit into another set of coordinates (e.g., milepost locations) and/or generates a display in which the EOT unit location is superimposed over a map to aid a human being in locating the device. Preferably, the message from the EOT unit monitoring station to the personnel is repeated until an acknowledgment of the message and/or a confirmation that the EOT unit has been retrieved is received from the personnel.
In some embodiments of the invention, the EOT unit and a device located at the HOT communicate with each other using low power radio communications which cannot travel long distances, but the HOT is also equipped with a long range communication system (e.g., a high power rf or satellite transceiver) that is capable of communicating with devices (e.g., a dispatcher transceiver) located a great distance off the train. In such embodiments, a message including an identification number of a particular EOT unit that is “lost” or whose location is to be determined for any other reason may be sent to one or more (or all) HOT devices via the long range communication system. The HOT devices in turn transmit a query message directed to the lost device via the low power communication system and relay any message received from the lost EOT unit on the low power communication system via the long range communication system. This allows any EOT unit within the range of the short range communications system to be located even if the EOT unit is not connected to any HOT.
In yet another aspect of the invention, information from the positioning system is used to create a signal as a substitute for a motion sensor. In still another aspect, position information from the positioning system is used to determine the speed of the end of the train.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant features and advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The present invention will be discussed with reference to preferred embodiments of end of train units. Specific details, such as types of positioning systems and power supply subsystems, are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The preferred embodiments discussed herein should not be understood to limit the invention. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, certain method steps are delineated as separate steps; however, these steps should not be construed as necessarily distinct nor order dependent in their performance.
An end of train unit 100 according to one embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
The processor 110 receives electrical power from a power supply subsystem 120. The power supply subsystem 120 is substantially the same as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,236,185, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. The power supply subsystem 120 includes an air-powered electrical generator 122 connected to an air brake pipe 10. The output of the generator 122 is connected to a rectifier 124. The output of the rectifier 124 is connected to a voltage regulator 126 whose output is connected to continuously recharge a rechargeable battery 128 and to supply power to the processor 110. In this manner, if air pressure is lost in the air brake pipe 10, the processor 110 will continue to receive power from the battery 128. It should be noted that a battery alone, an air-powered generator alone, or other types of power subsystems such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,267,473, could be used in place of the power subsystem 120 of
A positioning system 130 is also connected to the processor 110. The positioning system 130 is a GPS receiver in preferred embodiments. The GPS receiver can be of any type, including a differential GPS, or DGPS, receiver. Other types of positioning systems 130, such as inertial navigation systems (INSs), Loran systems, and wheel tachometers, can also be used. Such positioning systems are well known in the art and will not be discussed in further detail herein. [As used herein, the term “positioning system” refers to the portion of a positioning system that is commonly located on a mobile vehicle, which may or may not comprise the entire system. Thus, for example, in connection with a global positioning system, the term “positioning system” as used herein refers to a GPS receiver and does not include the satellites that are used to transmit information to the GPS receiver.]
As discussed above, conventional EOT units include a motion detector that allows HOT equipment to detect when the end of the train is in motion. One of the intended uses is to allow the HOT to determine when the end of the train has become uncoupled from the head of the train. In some embodiments of the invention, the positioning system 130 is used in place of a motion detector. In such embodiments, if the positioning system 130 only provides position information, the processor 110 (or other equipment at the HOT) can compare successive positions from the positioning system 130, taking into account known errors in the positioning system 130, to determine whether the end of train is in motion. In embodiments with positioning systems that provide speed information, motion can be detected by monitoring the speed information received from the positioning system 130, again taking into account known errors in the positioning system 130. In some embodiments, a threshold of 1 m.p.h. is used to determine whether or not the train is in motion.
An air pressure transducer 140 is also connected to the processor 110. The air pressure transducer is connected to monitor the air pressure in the air brake pipe 10 (this connection is not shown in
As discussed above, conventional EOT units are mounted on the end of the train such that they may be tipped over from a vertical position to a horizontal position when not in service. Preferred embodiments of the invention follow this convention and include a tilt sensor 150 connected to the processor 110. The tilt sensor 150 detects when the EOT unit 100 has been tipped over, such as when the EOT unit 100 has been removed from a car and laid on its side. The processor 110 uses the information from the tilt sensor 150 and/or brake pipe air pressure information from the air pressure transducer 140 to determine when to begin transmitting EOT location information. Although a tilt sensor 150 is used in preferred embodiments, any other device or mechanism, such as a simple on/off switch, can be used in place of the tilt sensor 150 to indicate that the EOT unit is to go out of service.
A transceiver 160 connected to the processor 110 allows for two-way communications between the EOT unit 100 and HOT equipment. Among other things, the transceiver 160 transmits air brake pipe pressure information to HOT equipment and, in some embodiments, receives commands to open the air brake pipe 10 for braking operations from the HOT equipment. In embodiments in which the positioning system 130 replaces a motion detector and in which motion detection processing is performed by the processor 110, the transceiver 160 is also capable of transmitting a message from the processor 110 to the head of the train when the end of the train has begun and/or stopped moving. Additionally, the transceiver 160 is preferably capable of transmitting a message including location information to an EOT unit monitoring station (not shown in
A flowchart 200 illustrating a monitoring subroutine performed by the EOT unit 100 is shown in
The processor 110 obtains the air pressure in the air brake pipe 10 from the air pressure transducer 140 at step 202. If the brake pipe pressure is acceptable at step 204, the processor 110 determines whether the battery 128 voltage is acceptable at step 205. In preferred embodiments, the processor 110 includes a built-in A/D converter connected to the battery 128 for this purpose. Alternatively, an external A/D converter (not shown) could be provided for monitoring the battery voltage. If the voltage is acceptable at step 206, the processor 110 queries the tilt sensor 150 at step 206. If the tilt sensor 150 indicates that the EOT unit 100 has not been tipped over at step 208, the subroutine ends.
If the brake pipe pressure is not acceptable at step 204 or if the battery voltage is low at step 205 or if the EOT unit 100 has been tipped over at step 208, the processor 110 obtains the current location of the EOT unit 100 from the positioning system 130 at step 210. The processor 110 then transmits the current location to an EOT tracking station (not shown in
In the subroutine 200 described above, the processor 110 begins transmitting a location message when either the brake pipe 10 pressure is lost or the battery voltage is low or the EOT unit 100 is tipped over. In other embodiments of the invention, the processor 110 does not begin transmitting the location information until all three conditions are present concurrently or until two or more conditions are present concurrently (e.g., both the brake pipe pressure is lost and the EOT unit 100 is tipped over).
In the embodiment described above, the location message from the end of train unit 100 includes position information from the positioning system, such as latitude and longitude. This information may be translated into a position related to the railroad, such as track number and/or position on the track relative to a landmark such as a milepost, by equipment at the EOT monitoring station. In alternative embodiments, the processor 110 may perform this conversion.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that implementation as a polled subroutine is but one way in which to implement the reporting function described above in connection with the flowchart 200. Any number of other implementations are also possible, such as implementation as an interrupt service routine triggered by an interrupt generated by a loss of brake pipe air pressure indication from the transducer 140 and/or a tilt indication from the tilt sensor 150.
The EOT unit 100 is also configured to respond to a query message from an end-of-train unit monitoring station in some embodiments. Such a message might be transmitted at any time, not just when the EOT unit is to go out of service. This feature can be used by the end-of-train unit monitoring station, which may be (but is not necessarily) associated with a dispatcher to keep track of trains in train yards as well as to locate EOT units.
In some embodiments of the invention, the EOT unit 100 also includes a motion sensor (not shown in
The processor 110 obtains the current position of the EOT unit 100 from the positioning system 130 at step 302 and compares this position to the previous position at step 304. The difference between the current and previous positions is compared to a threshold at step 306. The threshold is preferably chosen to take inaccuracies associated with the positioning system into account. If the difference between the current and previous positions is greater than the threshold at step 306, the processor 110 sends a message to the HOT indicating that the train is in motion at step 308. Otherwise, the processor 110 sends a message to the HOT indicating that the train is not in motion at step 310. It should also be noted that these messages may also be sent to an entity off the train, such as a dispatcher. Next, the processor saves the current position as the previous position at step 312 and the subroutine ends.
The subroutine 300 is but one simple manner of implementing a process for using a positioning system 130 in place of a motion sensor. Other, more sophisticated embodiments are also within the scope of the present invention. For example, rather than simply calculating a difference between the current and previous positions, successive differences could be filtered using any variety of known techniques, e.g., Kalman filtering. In other embodiments of the invention, the processor 110 reports not only a simple motion/not in motion indication, but also provides speed information to the HOT and/or an entity not onboard the train, such as a dispatcher. In some of these embodiments, the speed is supplied directly by the positioning system 130; in other embodiments, the speed is calculated by the processor 110 based on filtered successive location reports from the positioning system 130.
It should also be noted that the processor 110 may also be configured to turn an EOT marker light on and off based on whether the information from the positioning system indicates that the train is in motion.
The EOT unit 100 discussed above is suitable for use in a wide variety of systems. An exemplary system 400 with which the EOT unit 100 may be used is illustrated in
The HOT units 415 include an HOT processor 416, a short range communications system 417 suitable for communications with the short range communications systems 460 on the EOT units 400, and a long range communications system 418. The long range communications systems 418 may be, for example, a high power RF or satellite transceiver.
Also forming part of the system 400 is a central authority 420, which may perform the role of the EOT unit monitoring station discussed above in some embodiments of the invention. The central authority 420 includes a processor 422, a long range communication system 426 suitable for communicating with the long range communications systems 418 in the HOT devices 415, and a land-based communication system 424.
The land-based communication system 424 is connected to a local EOT monitoring station 430, which includes a communication system compatible with the short range communications systems 460 of the EOT units 400. A first EOT personnel device 440 is also connected to the land-based communications system. A second EOT personnel device 450, which may take the form of a mobile, hand-held device in some embodiments of the invention, includes a communications system compatible with the long range communications system 426 of the central authority 420.
The central authority 420 is responsible for both keeping track of end of train units 400 and, more importantly, for ensuring that end of train units 400 are properly collected and/or transported by the appropriate EOT personnel. An exemplary message sequence diagram 500 illustrating message traffic in one possible transaction is illustrated in
The transaction begins with the central authority 420 transmitting a location query message 502 including the identification number of a desired EOT unit via the long range communication system 426 (preferably, each of the EOT units 400 is assigned a unique identification number). When the central authority 420 has reason to believe that the EOT unit 400 of interest is coupled to a particular HOT unit 415 , the message 502 may be addressed to that particular HOT unit (which also preferably have unique identification numbers). Alternatively, the message 502 may be broadcast to all HOT units 415 in the system 400. The HOT unit(s) 415 transmits a location query message 504, again including the EOT unit identification number, via the short range communication system 417. The EOT unit with the identification number in the message 504 responds by transmitting an EOT location message 506, which preferably (but not necessarily) includes the EOT unit's identification number via the short range communication system 460. The HOT unit 415 receives this message 506 via the short range communication system 417 and transmits a message 508 with the EOT location information (again, preferably including the EOT unit identification number) to the central authority via the long range communication system 418. The central authority preferably responds to the message 508 by sending an acknowledgment message 510 to the HOT unit 415, which then transmits an acknowledgment message 512 to the EOT unit 400.
It should be understood that the EOT unit 400 in the foregoing transaction may be an EOT unit attached to a train 405, or may be an EOT unit 400a not connected to any train. This may occur, for example, when the central authority broadcasts an EOT location message to all HOT units 415 in an attempt to locate an EOT device 400 which happens to be within communications range of an HOT device 415. It should be further understood that transaction illustrated in
Once the central authority 420 has successfully located the EOT unit 400 of interest, the central authority 420 ensures that the EOT unit 400 is properly attended to by the responsible EOT personnel. This may involve, for example, collecting an EOT unit 400 that has been taken off a train and laid by the wayside. The central authority 420 begins this task by transmitting an EOT location message 514 to an EOT personnel device 440, 450. The message 514 may be directed toward an EOT personnel device 440 at a fixed location via the land-based communications system 424, or may be directed toward a mobile EOT personnel device 450 via the long range communications system 426 (or possibly even a third communications system). It is also possible for the central authority to broadcast the message 514 to all EOT personnel devices in the system, which is particularly useful when the system includes mobile devices 450. The EOT location information in the message 514 may be in the form of the EOT location as provided by the positioning system in the EOT unit 400, or may be translated by the central authority 420 into a different form, such as a set of map coordinates or milepost markers. In response to the message 514, the EOT personnel device 440, 450 transmits an acknowledgment message 516 to the central authority 420. This message may be automatically generated by the EOT personnel device 440, 450 in response to the message 514, but is more preferably generated in response to an action by a human being indicating that this person has been appraised of the location of the EOT unit 400.
Once the EOT personnel device 440, 450 receives the EOT location message 514, the EOT personnel device 440, 450 preferably displays the location on a map image to facilitate location of the device by the appropriate personnel. The map image may be stored locally on the device 440, 450. Displaying the EOT unit's location on the map may require the translation of the location information from the message 514 into a different form for use with the map image. Alternatively, the central authority 420 may have preformed any necessary translation as discussed above.
In some embodiments, the central authority's job is complete once the acknowledgment message 516 is received from the EOT personnel device 440, 450. However, in other embodiments, the central authority 420 also ensures that the EOT unit 400 is properly collected. In such embodiments, the central authority 420 transmits a query 518 and repeats the transmission until a confirmation message 520 indicating that the EOT unit 400 has been attended to is received from the EOT personnel device 440, 450.
Other variations on the transaction illustrated in
In yet other embodiments, a trainyard may be equipped with a plurality of local EOT unit monitoring stations 430 which may be used by a central authority with responsibility for a limited area such as a trainyard for communications with EOT units 400 rather than communicating with the EOT units 400 via the HOTs using the long range communications system 426. Still other arrangements and combinations are possible.
In some embodiments of the invention, the HOT units 415 are configured to act as “repeaters” that continue broadcasting an EOT unit location message if no acknowledgment of the message is detected by the HOT unit 415. This may occur when the EOT unit 400 has detected an out-of-service condition but has depleted its back-up battery power before its location information message was transmitted or received.
If the HOT unit 415 detects an acknowledgment message at step 606, the process ends. If no acknowledgment message is detected at step 606, the HOT unit 415 then determines whether the EOT unit 400 has transmitted another location message at step 608 (in such embodiments, the EOT units 400 may be configured to continue transmitting the location messages until an acknowledgment is received). If the EOT unit 400 has transmitted another message, step 608 is repeated. If no acknowledgment message is detected by the HOT unit 415 at step 608, the HOT unit 415 re-transmits the EOT unit location information at step 610 until an acknowledgment is detected at step 612, at which point the process ends. The message transmitted by the HOT unit 415 at step 610 may be a duplicate of the message transmitted by the EOT unit 400, which includes the EOT unit's identification number/address, thereby appearing to a recipient to have been transmitted by the EOT unit 400. Alternatively, the message transmitted by the HOT unit 415 at step 610 may include the EOT unit's identification number but may further include information identifying the HOT unit 415 as the source of the message.
It should be noted that the various embodiments of the invention discussed herein vary in significant respects with the system described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,505,104, which provides a rudimentary EOT unit tracking function. That system is primarily concerned with monitoring HOT-EOT communications and is significantly different in that respect. Additionally, the '104 patent system does not include EOT units that include positioning systems, or EOT units that recognize out of service conditions and begin transmitting location information messages in response thereto. Still further, that system does not provide the ability to query EOT units as to their location. Rather, the system of the '104 patent employs a plurality of wayside monitoring stations at known positions that simply monitor messages including EOT unit ID's that are periodically transmitted by the EOT units. The information from each of the wayside monitoring stations is then collected and cross referenced with the locations of the monitoring stations to track the EOT monitoring units as they pass by the various wayside monitoring stations.
While the invention has been described with respect to certain specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that many modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is intended therefore, by the appended claims to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/380,804, filed Apr. 28, 2006, now allowed as U.S. Pat. No. 7,467,032, with an issue date of Dec. 16, 2008, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/611,279, filed Jul. 2, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,096,096, issued on Aug. 22, 2006. The entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11380804 | Apr 2006 | US |
| Child | 12334223 | US | |
| Parent | 10611279 | Jul 2003 | US |
| Child | 11380804 | US |
