Patent Application
20150162421
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. Note that in this specification, a semiconductor device refers to a semiconductor element itself or a device including a semiconductor element. As an example of such a semiconductor element, for example, a transistor (a thin film transistor and the like) can be given. In addition, a semiconductor device also refers to a display device such as a liquid crystal display device.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, a semiconductor device in which an oxide semiconductor film is used for a channel formation region has attracted great attention (see Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example).
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2007-123861
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2007-096055
A semiconductor device in which an oxide semiconductor film is used for a channel formation region has favorable electric characteristics such as extremely high field-effect mobility as compared to a semiconductor device in which a silicon film is used for a channel formation region. However, such a semiconductor device has a problem in reliability. As one of factors of decrease in the reliability of a semiconductor device in which the oxide semiconductor film is used for a channel formation region, water and hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor film can be given. Therefore, it is important to reduce the amount of water and hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor film.
On the other hand, in a semiconductor device in which an oxide semiconductor film is used for a channel formation region, when many oxygen deficiencies are contained in the oxide semiconductor film, the resistance of a region where the oxygen deficiencies exist is reduced, which causes leakage current between a source and a drain. Accordingly, oxygen deficiencies in the oxide semiconductor film are preferably reduced. In order to reduce oxygen deficiencies, oxygen may be supplied from the outside.
One of methods for reducing the amount of water and hydrogen in an oxide semiconductor film and supplying oxygen in order to reduce oxygen deficiencies is, for example, heat treatment which is performed in a state where a base film containing oxygen is provided in contact with the oxide semiconductor film. By heat treatment in a state where the amount of water and hydrogen contained in the base film is reduced and the amount of oxygen contained in the base film is increased, oxygen can be supplied to the oxide semiconductor film while entry of water and hydrogen into the oxide semiconductor film is suppressed.
In order to reduce the amount of water and hydrogen contained in the base film, heat treatment may be performed after formation of the base film by a CVD method, a sputtering method, or the like before formation of the oxide semiconductor film. However, there is a problem in that when heat treatment is performed simply, oxygen is also desorbed together with water and hydrogen.
In view of this problem, it is an object of one embodiment of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device in which the amount of water and hydrogen contained in a base film provided in contact with an oxide semiconductor film is reduced and the amount of oxygen contained in the base film is increased, and thus, the amount of water and hydrogen contained in the oxide semiconductor film can be reduced, and oxygen can be supplied from the base film to the oxide semiconductor film in order to reduce oxygen deficiencies.
One embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device in which an oxide semiconductor film is used for a channel formation region. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of forming a stacked base film; performing a first heat treatment; forming an oxide semiconductor film so as to be provided over and in contact with the stacked base film; and performing a second heat treatment. Further, in the stacked base film, a first base film and a second base film are stacked in this order, the first base film is an insulating oxide film from which oxygen is released by the second heat treatment, and the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the second base film is smaller than that of the first base film. Here, the first heat treatment is a step for desorbing water and hydrogen from the stacked base film while desorption of oxygen from the stacked base film is suppressed, and the second heat treatment is a step for supplying oxygen to the second base film using the first base film as a supply source of oxygen.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device including the steps of forming a first base film containing oxygen over a substrate; forming a second base film over the first base film; removing water and hydrogen contained in the first base film and the second base film by performing a first heat treatment on the substrate; forming an oxide semiconductor film over the second base film; supplying oxygen from the first base film to the oxide semiconductor film through the second base film by performing a second heat treatment on the substrate; processing the oxide semiconductor film to form an island-shaped oxide semiconductor film; forming a gate insulating film so as to cover the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film; forming a gate electrode over the gate insulating film so as to overlap with part of the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film; and forming a source electrode and a drain electrode connected to the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film. Further, the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the second base film is smaller than that of the first base film.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device including the steps of forming a first base film containing oxygen over a substrate; forming a second base film over the first base film; performing a first heat treatment on the substrate at higher than or equal to 250° C. and lower than or equal to 350° C.; forming an oxide semiconductor film over the second base film; performing a second heat treatment on the substrate at a temperature higher than a temperature of the first heat treatment and lower than or equal to 450° C.; processing the oxide semiconductor film to form an island-shaped oxide semiconductor film; forming a gate insulating film so as to cover the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film; forming a gate electrode over the gate insulating film so as to overlap with part of the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film; and forming a source electrode and a drain electrode connected to the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film. Further, the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the second base film is smaller than that of the first base film.
In the structure described above, the thickness of the second base film is preferably greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm, more preferably, greater than or equal to 3 nm and less than or equal to 10 nm
In the structure described above, as the first base film, a silicon oxide film can be used.
In the structure described above, as the second base film, for example, an insulating metal oxide film can be used. The metal oxide film is preferably any of an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, and a zirconium oxide film to which yttrium oxide is added.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of water and hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor film can be reduced, and oxygen can be supplied to the oxide semiconductor film in order to reduce oxygen deficiencies, and thus, a highly reliable semiconductor device can be manufactured.
In the accompanying drawings:
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description and it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the mode and details can be variously changed without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments below.
In this embodiment, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
First, a stacked base film including a first base film 102 and a second base film 104 is formed over a substrate 100 (see
As the substrate 100, a glass substrate (preferably a non-alkali glass substrate), a quartz substrate, a ceramic substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like can be used as appropriate. Alternatively, a flexible glass substrate or a flexible plastic substrate can be used as the substrate 100. For a plastic substrate, a material having low refractive index anisotropy is preferably used. For example, polyether sulfone (PES), a polyimide film, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyester, polycarbonate (PC), an acrylic resin, a prepreg which includes a fibrous body in a partially-cured organic resin, or the like can be used.
The first base film 102 contains oxygen at least in its surface and is formed using an insulating oxide from which part of the oxygen is desorbed by heat treatment. As an insulating oxide from which part of oxygen is desorbed by heat treatment, a material containing more oxygen than the stoichiometric proportion is preferably used. This is because oxygen can be diffused to an oxide semiconductor film in contact with the first base film 102 by heat treatment.
As an insulating oxide containing more oxygen than the stoichiometric proportion, silicon oxide represented by SiOX where X>2 can be given, for example. However, there is no limitation thereto, and the first base film 102 may be formed using silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, yttrium oxide, or the like.
Further, “silicon nitride oxide” contains more nitrogen than oxygen.
Note that “silicon oxynitride” contains more oxygen than nitrogen.
Note that the first base film 102 may be a stacked film. An example of the first base film 102 is a stacked film in which a silicon oxide film is provided over a silicon nitride film.
In an insulating oxide which contains more oxygen than the stoichiometric proportion, part of the oxygen is easily desorbed by heat treatment. The amount of oxygen desorbed from an insulating oxide which contains more oxygen than the stoichiometric proportion using TDS analysis (a value converted into the number of oxygen atoms) is greater than or equal to 1.0×1018 atoms/cm3, preferably greater than or equal to 1.0×1020 atoms/cm3, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.0×1020 atoms/cm3.
Here, a measurement method using the TDS analysis is described. The desorption amount of a gas according to the TDS analysis is proportional to a value obtained by time integration of ion intensity. Thus, using the value obtained by time integration of the ion intensity in the insulating oxide and a reference value of a standard sample which is a reference sample, the desorption amount of the gas can be calculated. The reference value of a standard sample refers to the ratio of the density of a predetermined atom contained in a sample (standard sample) to the value obtained by time integration of the ion intensity.
For example, using a value obtained by time integration of the ion intensity of a silicon wafer containing a predetermined density of hydrogen (standard sample) and a value obtained by time integration of the ion intensity of the insulating oxide, NO2, which is the number (NO2) of desorbed oxygen molecules (O2) of the insulating oxide, can be obtained by the following formula (1).
NO2=(NH2/SH2)×SO2×α (1)
NH2 is a value obtained by conversion of the number of hydrogen molecules (H2) desorbed from the standard sample into density. SH2 is a value obtained by time integration of the ion intensity of hydrogen molecules (H2) of the standard sample. In other words, the reference value of the standard sample is NH2/SH2. SO2 is a value obtained by time integration of the ion intensity of oxygen molecules (O2) of the insulating oxide. α is a coefficient affecting the ion intensity. Refer to Japanese Published Patent Application No. H6-275697 for details of Formula 1.
Note that, in the following description, the desorption amount of the oxygen obtained by TDS analysis (the value converted into the number of oxygen atoms) is measured with use of a silicon wafer containing hydrogen atoms at 1×1016 atoms/cm3 as the standard sample, by using a thermal desorption spectrometer, EMD-WA1000S/W manufactured by ESCO, Ltd.
Note that in the TDS analysis, oxygen is partly detected as an oxygen atom. The ratio between oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms can be calculated from the ionization rate of the oxygen molecules. Note that, since the coefficient α includes the ionization rate of the oxygen molecules, the number of the released oxygen atoms can also be calculated through the evaluation of the number of the released oxygen molecules.
In addition, NO2 is the number of desorbed oxygen molecules (O2). Therefore, the amount of desorbed oxygen converted into oxygen atoms is twice the number of desorbed oxygen molecules (O2).
As described above, the number of desorbed oxygen atoms can be known.
The first base film 102 may be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, or the like, preferably a sputtering method. In the case where a silicon oxide film is formed as the first base film 102, a quartz (preferably, synthesized quartz) target may be used as a target, and an argon gas may be used as a sputtering gas. Alternatively, a silicon target and a gas containing oxygen may be used as a target and a sputtering gas, respectively. As a gas containing oxygen, a mixed gas of an argon gas and an oxygen gas may be used or only an oxygen gas may be used.
The thickness of the first base film 102 is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 150 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm.
The second base film 104 is an insulating film containing oxygen (preferably, an insulating metal oxide film). The oxygen diffusion coefficient of the second base film 104 is smaller than that of the first base film 102. Here, the coefficient is a value at a temperature in a second heat treatment.
As described later, since the second base film 104 (an aluminum oxide film in later description) whose oxygen diffusion coefficient is smaller than that of the first base film 102 at the temperature in the second heat treatment is provided over the first base film 102 (a silicon oxide film in later description) whose oxygen diffusion coefficient is large at the temperature in the second heat treatment, oxygen can be released from the second base film 104 at a high temperature as compared to the case of provision of only the first base film 102. Here, in the case where the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the second base film 104 is larger than that of the first base film 102 at the temperature in the second heat treatment, oxygen in the second base film 104 is released at a temperature lower than the temperature in the second heat treatment.
As a material film for forming the second base film 104, any of a chromium oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, and a zirconium oxide film to which yttrium oxide is added (a YSZ film) can be used, and it is preferable to use any of an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, and a zirconium oxide film to which yttrium oxide is added.
The second base film 104 may be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, or the like, preferably a sputtering method.
The thickness of the second base film 104 may be greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 3 nm and less than or equal to 10 nm
The first heat treatment is a step in which while desorption of oxygen from the first base film 102 and the second base film 104 is suppressed, water and hydrogen are desorbed from the first base film 102 and the second base film 104. The temperature of the first heat treatment is higher than or equal to 250° C. and lower than or equal to 350° C.
Note that in this embodiment, it is particularly preferable that the first base film 102 be a silicon oxide film and the second base film 104 be an aluminum oxide film. In other words, it is particularly preferable that the stacked base film in which the first base film 102 and the second base film 104 are stacked be a stacked film in which an aluminum oxide film is provided over a silicon oxide film.
Here, the stacked film in which an aluminum oxide film is provided over a silicon oxide film, which is particularly preferable, will be described with reference to experimental data.
First, over the substrate 100, a silicon oxide film was formed as the first base film 102, an aluminum oxide film was formed as the second base film 104, and the first heat treatment was performed.
As the substrate 100, a non-alkali glass substrate was used.
As the first heat treatment, the substrate 100 was transferred to a chamber, the chamber was made vacuum, and the substrate 100 was heated at 400° C. for 10 minutes.
The silicon oxide film serving as the first base film 102 was formed by a sputtering method. As a sputtering target, a silicon oxide target was used. The silicon oxide film serving as the first base film 102 was formed to a thickness of 300 nm over the substrate 100 in such a manner that sputtering was performed under the conditions where an argon gas was introduced into the chamber at 25 sccm; an oxygen gas was introduced into the chamber at 25 sccm; the pressure in the chamber was 0.4 Pa; the power was 1.5 kW; and the temperature of the substrate 100 was 100° C.
The aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 was also formed by a sputtering method. As a sputtering target, an aluminum oxide target was used. The aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 was formed over the substrate 100 by sputtering under the conditions where an argon gas was introduced into the chamber at 25 sccm; an oxygen gas was introduced into the chamber at 25 sccm; the pressure in the chamber was 0.4 Pa; the power was 1.5 kW; and the temperature of the substrate 100 was 250° C.
Here, in a first sample, an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 was not formed.
In a second sample, an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm.
In a third sample, an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm.
In a fourth sample, an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 was formed to a thickness of 30 nm.
The substrates 100 of the first to fourth samples were heated from room temperature to 400° C., which was increased by 30° C. per minute, and subjected to TDS analysis.
Note that in each of
In each of
In this manner, by provision of the aluminum oxide film over the silicon oxide film, the desorption amount of an oxygen molecule and an oxygen atom can be adjusted without changing the desorption amount of a hydrogen atom, a water molecule, and a hydroxyl group. For example, it can be said that in the second sample, the first heat treatment is performed at 250° C. to 300° C., whereby a hydrogen atom, a water molecule, and a hydroxyl group can be desorbed while desorption of oxygen in the stacked base film is suppressed. It can be said that in the third sample, the first heat treatment is performed at 250° C. to 350° C., whereby a hydrogen atom, a water molecule, and a hydroxyl group can be desorbed while desorption of oxygen in the stacked base film is suppressed. It can be said that in the fourth sample, the first heat treatment is performed at 250° C. to 400° C. (the temperature may exceed 400° C. depending on the case), whereby a hydrogen atom, a water molecule, and a hydroxyl group can be desorbed while desorption of oxygen in the stacked base film is suppressed. The second base film 104 is provided, and as the thickness of the second base film 104 is made larger, the temperature at which a large amount of oxygen is released can be shifted to a higher temperature side without a change in the temperature at which a hydrogen atom, a water molecule, and a hydroxyl group are desorbed.
Note that when the thickness of the second base film 104 is too large like the fourth sample, it is necessary to perform a second heat treatment at a temperature higher than 400° C. in order to extract oxygen from the stacked base film when oxygen is supplied from the stacked base film to the oxide semiconductor film in a later step.
Thus, it is difficult to supply oxygen to the oxide semiconductor film in the second heat treatment performed later. Accordingly, the thickness of an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 is preferably less than or equal to 10 nm like the third sample, most preferably about 5 nm.
In the case where the thickness of an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 is about 5 nm which is the most preferable thickness, the first heat treatment can be performed at 250° C. to 300° C. Here, a comparison is made using a sample (Sample A) on which the first heat treatment was not performed and the TDS analysis was performed.
In each of
Here, Sample A is a sample in which after an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm, the first heat treatment was not performed. Sample B is a sample in which after an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm, the first heat treatment was performed at 300° C.
Here, measurement of the desorption amount was performed as follows. A straight line 208 which is in contact with two points (a first contact 204 and a second contact 206) of a curved line 200 representing the ion intensity was drawn, and an enclosed region 202 surrounded by the curved line 200 and the straight line 208 is regarded as the desorption amount (see
As shown in
Accordingly, it can be said that by the first heat treatment, the amount of water or the like released at the time of the second heat treatment can be suppressed, and oxygen supplied by the second heat treatment can be sufficiently secured. In this embodiment, it is the most preferable that an aluminum oxide film serving as the second base film 104 be formed to have a thickness of 5 nm and the first heat treatment be performed at 300° C.
Next, an oxide semiconductor film 106 is formed over the second base film 104 on which the first heat treatment has already been performed (see
The oxide semiconductor film 106 may be formed using a metal oxide, for example, a four-component metal oxide such as an In-Sn-Ga-Zn-O-based metal oxide, a three-component metal oxide such as an In-Ga-Zn-O-based metal oxide, an In-Sn-Zn-O-based metal oxide, an In-Al-Zn-O-based metal oxide, a Sn-Ga-Zn-O-based metal oxide, an Al-Ga-Zn-O-based metal oxide, or a Sn-Al-Zn-O-based metal oxide, or a two-component metal oxide such as an In-Zn-O-based metal oxide, a Sn-Zn-O-based metal oxide, an Al-Zn-O-based metal oxide, a Zn-Mg-O-based metal oxide, a Sn-Mg-O-based metal oxide, an In-Mg-O-based metal oxide, or an In-Ga-O-based metal oxide. Alternatively, an In-O-based metal oxide, a Sn-O-based metal oxide, a Zn-O-based metal oxide, or the like may be used. Note that an n-component metal oxide includes n kinds of metal oxides. Here, for example, an In-Ga-Zn-O-based metal oxide means an oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn), and there is no particular limitation on the composition ratio thereof. The In-Ga-Zn-O-based metal oxide may contain an element other than In, Ga, and Zn.
Note that it is preferable that oxygen (O) be excessively contained in the metal oxide as compared to oxygen in the stoichiometric proportion. When oxygen (O) is excessively contained, generation of carriers due to oxygen deficiency in the oxide semiconductor film 106 to be formed can be prevented.
Note that for example, in the case where the oxide semiconductor film 106 is formed using an In-Zn-O-based metal oxide, a target has a composition ratio where In/Zn is 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10 in an atomic ratio. When the atomic ratio of In with respect to Zn is in the above preferred range, the field-effect mobility can be improved. Here, when the atomic ratio of the compound is In:Zn:O=X:Y:Z, it is preferable to satisfy the relation of Z>1.5X+Y so that oxygen (O) is excessively contained.
Note that the energy gap of a metal oxide which can be applied to the oxide semiconductor film 106 is preferably greater than or equal to 2 eV, more preferably greater than or equal to 2.5 eV, still more preferably greater than or equal to 3 eV. In this manner, the off-state current of a transistor can be reduced by using a metal oxide having a wide band gap.
Note that the oxide semiconductor film 106 contains hydrogen. Note that the hydrogen may be contained in the oxide semiconductor film 106 in the form of a hydrogen molecule, water, a hydroxyl group, or hydride in some cases, in addition to a hydrogen atom. It is preferable that hydrogen contained in the oxide semiconductor film 106 be as little as possible.
Note that the concentrations of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor film 106 are preferably low, and these concentrations are preferably lower than or equal to 1×1018 atoms/cm3, more preferably lower than or equal to 2×1016 atoms/cm3. When an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal are bonded to an oxide semiconductor, a carrier may be generated, which causes increase in the off-state current of the transistor.
Note that there is no particular limitation on the formation method and the thickness of the oxide semiconductor film 106, and they can be determined in consideration of the size or the like of a transistor to be manufactured. As an example of a method for forming the oxide semiconductor film 106, a sputtering method, a coating method, a printing method, a pulsed laser deposition method, or the like can be given. The thickness of the oxide semiconductor film 106 may be greater than or equal to 3 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm.
Here, as a preferable example, the oxide semiconductor film 106 is formed by a sputtering method using an In-Ga-Zn-O-based metal oxide target. A rare gas (for example, argon), an oxygen gas, or a mixed gas of a rare gas and an oxygen gas may be used as a sputtering gas.
It is preferable that a high-purity gas from which hydrogen, water, a hydroxyl group, or hydride is removed be used as the sputtering gas for the formation of the oxide semiconductor film 106. When the oxide semiconductor film 106 is formed while the substrate 100 is kept at high temperature, the concentration of impurities contained in the oxide semiconductor film 106 can be reduced. Here, the temperature of the substrate 100 is preferably higher than or equal to 100° C. and lower than or equal to 600° C., more preferably higher than or equal to 200° C. and lower than or equal to 400° C.
Note that the oxide semiconductor film 106 may have an amorphous structure or a crystalline structure. In the case where the oxide semiconductor film 106 has a crystalline structure, a c-axis aligned crystalline (CAAC) oxide semiconductor film is preferably used. When the oxide semiconductor film 106 is a CAAC oxide semiconductor film, the reliability of the transistor can be increased.
Note that a CAAC oxide semiconductor film means an oxide semiconductor film including a crystal which has c-axis alignment and a triangular or hexagonal atomic arrangement when seen from the direction of an a-b plane, a surface, or an interface. In the crystal, metal atoms are arranged in a layered manner, or metal atoms and oxygen atoms are arranged in a layered manner along the c-axis, and the direction of the a-axis or the b-axis is varied in the a-b plane (or the surface, or at the interface) (the crystal rotates around the c-axis).
In a broad sense, a CAAC oxide semiconductor film means a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor film including a phase which has a triangular, hexagonal, regular triangular, or regular hexagonal atomic arrangement when seen from the direction perpendicular to the a-b plane and in which metal atoms are arranged in a layered manner or metal atoms and oxygen atoms are arranged in a layered manner when seen from the direction perpendicular to the c-axis direction.
The CAAC oxide semiconductor film is not a single crystal, but this does not mean that the CAAC oxide semiconductor film is composed of only an amorphous component. Although the CAAC oxide semiconductor film includes a crystallized portion (crystalline portion), a boundary between one crystalline portion and another crystalline portion is not necessarily clear.
Nitrogen may be substituted for part of oxygen included in the CAAC oxide semiconductor film. The c-axes of individual crystalline portions included in the CAAC oxide semiconductor film may be aligned in one direction (e.g., a direction perpendicular to a surface of a substrate over which the CAAC oxide semiconductor film is formed, a surface of the CAAC oxide semiconductor film, or an interface of the CAAC oxide semiconductor film). Alternatively, normals of the a-b planes of individual crystalline portions included in the CAAC oxide semiconductor film may be aligned in one direction (e.g., a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate over which the CAAC oxide semiconductor film is formed, the surface of the CAAC oxide semiconductor film, or the interface of the CAAC oxide semiconductor film).
Note that the CAAC oxide semiconductor film may be a conductor, a semiconductor, or an insulator depending on its composition or the like. Further, the CAAC oxide semiconductor film may transmit or not transmit visible light depending on its composition or the like.
Here, a method for forming the CAAC oxide semiconductor film is described.
First, an oxide semiconductor film is formed by a sputtering method, a molecular beam epitaxy method, an atomic layer deposition method, a pulsed laser deposition method, or the like. Note that by forming an oxide semiconductor film while keeping the substrate 100 at high temperature, the ratio of a crystalline portion to an amorphous portion can be high. At this time, the temperature of the substrate 100 may be, for example, higher than or equal to 150° C. and lower than or equal to 450° C., preferably higher than or equal to 200° C. and lower than or equal to 350° C.
Here, the formed oxide semiconductor film may be subjected to a heat treatment. By the heat treatment, the ratio of a crystalline portion to an amorphous portion can be high. The temperature of the substrate 100 at the heat treatment is, for example, higher than or equal to 200° C. and lower than the strain point of the substrate 100, preferably higher than or equal to 250° C. and lower than or equal to 450° C. The time for the heat treatment may be longer than or equal to 3 minutes, and preferably shorter than or equal to 24 hours. This is because the productivity is decreased when the time for the heat treatment is longer, although the ratio of a crystalline portion to an amorphous portion can be high. Note that the heat treatment here may be performed in an oxidation atmosphere or an inert atmosphere; however, there is no limitation thereto. The heat treatment here may be performed under a reduced pressure.
In this embodiment, an oxidation atmosphere is an atmosphere containing an oxidizing gas. As an example of the oxidizing gas, oxygen, ozone, and nitrous oxide can be given. It is preferable that components (e.g. water and hydrogen) which are not preferably contained in the oxide semiconductor film be removed from the oxidation atmosphere as much as possible. For example, the purity of oxygen, ozone, or nitrous oxide is greater than or equal to 8 N (99.999999%), preferably greater than or equal to 9 N (99.9999999%).
The oxidation atmosphere may contain an inert gas such as a rare gas. Note that the oxidation atmosphere contains an oxidizing gas at a concentration of greater than or equal to 10 ppm.
Note that an inert atmosphere contains an inert gas (a nitrogen gas, a rare gas, or the like) and contains a reactive gas such as an oxidizing gas at a concentration of less than 10 ppm.
Note that a rapid thermal anneal (RTA) apparatus may be used for the heat treatments in this embodiment. With the use of the RTA apparatus, only in a short time, the heat treatments can be performed at a temperature of higher than or equal to the strain point of the substrate 100. Thus, the oxide semiconductor film having a high ratio of a crystalline portion to an amorphous portion can be formed and decrease in productivity can be suppressed.
However, the apparatus used for the heat treatments in this embodiment is not limited to an RTA apparatus; for example, an apparatus provided with a unit that heats an object to be processed by thermal conduction or thermal radiation from a resistance heater or the like may be used. As a heat treatment apparatus used for the heat treatments in this embodiment, for example, an electric furnace can be given. Alternatively, an RTA (rapid thermal anneal) apparatus such as a GRTA (gas rapid thermal anneal) apparatus or an LRTA (lamp rapid thermal anneal) apparatus can be used as the heat treatment apparatus. An LRTA apparatus is an apparatus for heating an object to be processed by radiation of light (an electromagnetic wave) emitted from a lamp such as a halogen lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon arc lamp, a carbon arc lamp, a high pressure sodium lamp, or a high pressure mercury lamp. A GRTA apparatus is an apparatus for heating an object to be processed using a high-temperature gas as a heat medium. Here, the temperature of the high-temperature gas is preferably higher than the heat temperature of the object to be processed.
With use of an In-Ga-Zn-O-based metal oxide in which the nitrogen concentration is higher than or equal to 1×1017 atoms/cm3 and lower than or equal to 5×1019 atoms/cm3, a metal oxide film having a c-axis-aligned hexagonal crystal structure is formed and one or more layers containing Ga and Zn are provided between two layers of the In-O crystal planes (crystal planes containing indium and oxygen).
As described above, the CAAC oxide semiconductor film can be formed.
The CAAC oxide semiconductor film has high orderliness of a bond between metal and oxygen as compared to an oxide semiconductor film having an amorphous structure. In other words, in the case of an oxide semiconductor film having an amorphous structure, the number of oxygen atoms coordinated around an adjacent metal atom varies. In contrast, in the case of the CAAC oxide semiconductor film, the number of oxygen atoms coordinated around a metal atom is substantially the same. Therefore, oxygen deficiency is hardly observed even at a microscopic level, and charge transfer and instability of electric conductivity due to hydrogen atoms (including hydrogen ions), alkali metal atoms, or the like can be prevented.
Therefore, when a transistor has a channel formation region formed using a CAAC oxide semiconductor film, it is possible to suppress a change in the threshold voltage of the transistor between before and after light irradiation or a bias-temperature stress (BT) test performed on the transistor, so that the transistor can have stable electrical characteristics.
Next, a first mask 108 is formed at a predetermined position of the oxide semiconductor film 106 (see
The first mask 108 may be formed of a resist material. Note that there is no limitation thereto as long as it functions as a mask when the oxide semiconductor film 106 is processed.
Next, with the use of the first mask 108, the oxide semiconductor film 106 is processed to form an island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110. After that, the first mask 108 is removed (see
Here, the oxide semiconductor film 106 may be processed by dry etching. For example, a chlorine gas or a mixed gas of a boron trichloride gas and a chlorine gas may be used as an etching gas used for the dry etching. However, there is no limitation thereto; wet etching may be used or another method capable of processing the oxide semiconductor film 106 may be used.
In the case where the first mask 108 is formed using a resist material, the first mask 108 may be removed with a resist stripper, or may be removed by only ashing.
Next, a gate insulating film 112 is formed so as to cover the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110, a first conductive film 114 is formed over the gate insulating film 112, and a second mask 116 is formed over the first conductive film 114 (see
The gate insulating film 112 contains oxygen at least in a portion in contact with the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110 and is preferably formed using an insulating oxide from which part of the oxygen is desorbed by heating. In other words, the gate insulating film 112 is preferably formed using any of the materials exemplified as the material of the first base film 102. When the portion of the gate insulating film 112 which is in contact with the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110 is formed using silicon oxide, oxygen can be diffused into the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110 and reduction in the resistance of the transistor can be prevented.
Note that the gate insulating film 112 may be formed using a high-k material such as hafnium silicate (HfSiOx), hafnium silicate to which nitrogen is added (HfSixOyNz), hafnium aluminate to which nitrogen is added (HfAlxOyNz), hafnium oxide, or yttrium oxide, whereby gate leakage current can be reduced. Here, gate leakage current refers to leakage current which flows between a gate electrode and a source or drain electrode. Further, a layer formed using the high-k material and a layer formed using any of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, and gallium oxide may be stacked. Note that even in the case where the gate insulating film 112 is a stacked film, the portion of the gate insulating film 112 which is in contact with the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110 is preferably formed using an insulating oxide.
The gate insulating film 112 may be formed by a sputtering method. The thickness of the gate insulating film 112 is greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 300 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm When the thickness of the gate insulating film 112 is greater than or equal to 5 nm, gate leakage current can be particularly reduced.
Note that it is preferable that before the gate insulating film 112 is formed, the surface of the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110 be exposed to plasma of an oxidizing gas to reduce oxygen deficiency on the surface of the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110.
The first conductive film 114 may be formed using a conductive material to have a single-layer structure or a stacked-layer structure including a plurality of layers. Here, as a conductive material, a metal such as aluminum, chromium, copper, tantalum, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, magnesium, beryllium, or zirconium or an alloy containing one or more of the above metals as a component can be given. For example, a single-layer film of an aluminum film containing silicon, a two-layer stacked film in which a titanium film is provided over an aluminum film, a two-layer stacked film in which a titanium film is provided over a titanium nitride film, a two-layer stacked film in which a tungsten film is provided over a titanium nitride film, a two-layer stacked film in which a tungsten film is provided over a tantalum nitride film, a three-layer stacked film in which an aluminum film is interposed between titanium films, or the like can be given.
Note that the first conductive film 114 is preferably formed using copper because the resistance of a wiring formed by processing the first conductive film 114 can be reduced. Here, in the case where the first conductive film 114 is a stacked film, at least one layer of the first conductive film 114 is formed using copper.
Alternatively, the first conductive film 114 may be formed using a light-transmitting conductive material such as indium tin oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, or indium tin oxide to which indium zinc oxide or silicon oxide is added.
Alternatively, the first conductive film 114 may be formed by stacking a film of the light-transmitting conductive material and a film of the metal.
Note that there is no particular limitation on the formation method and the thickness of the first conductive film 114, and they can be determined in consideration of the size or the like of a transistor to be manufactured. As an example of a method for forming the first conductive film 114, a sputtering method, a CVD method, or the like can be given. The thickness of the first conductive film 114 may be, for example, greater than or equal to 100 nm and less than or equal to 300 nm.
The second mask 116 may be formed using a resist material. Note that there is no limitation thereto as long as it functions as a mask when the first conductive film 114 is processed.
Next, with the use of the second mask 116, the first conductive film 114 is processed to form a gate electrode 118. After that, the second mask 116 is removed (see
Here, the first conductive film 114 may be processed by dry etching. For example, a chlorine gas or a mixed gas of a boron trichloride gas and a chlorine gas may be used as an etching gas used for the dry etching. However, there is no limitation thereto; wet etching may be used or another method capable of processing the first conductive film 114 may be used.
In the case where the second mask 116 is formed using a resist material, the second mask 116 may be removed with a resist stripper, or may be removed by only ashing.
Although not illustrated, it is preferable that after the second mask 116 is removed, a dopant be added to the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110 using the gate electrode 118 as a mask to form a source region and a drain region.
Note that, here, the dopant may be added by an ion implantation method or an ion doping method. Alternatively, the dopant may be added by performing plasma treatment in an atmosphere of a gas containing the dopant. As the added dopant, hydrogen, a rare gas, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, or the like may be used.
Next, a first protective film 120 is formed over the gate insulating film 112 so as to cover the gate electrode 118, and a second protective film 122 is formed over the first protective film 120 (see
The first protective film 120 may be formed using a material and a method similar to those of the first base film 102 and the gate insulating film 112, and is preferably an insulating oxide film.
The first protective film 120 serves at least as a passivation film. Note that the first protective film 120 is not necessarily provided.
The second protective film 122 may be formed using an organic resin material such as photosensitive polyimide, acrylic resin, or epoxy resin, and is preferably a film formed by a method which makes a surface substantially planar (e.g. a spin coating method) or the like. Here, the phrase “substantially planar” may be at the level which can prevent defective formation of a film formed over the second protective film 122, and high planarity is not required.
The second protective film 122 serves as at least a planarization film. Note that the second protective film 122 is not necessarily provided.
Next, the first protective film 120 and the gate insulating film 112 are processed at predetermined positions of the second protective film 122 to form an opening 124a and an opening 124b. A second conductive film 126 is formed so as to be connected to the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film 110 through the opening 124a and the opening 124b, and a third mask 128 is formed at a predetermined position over the second conductive film 126 (see
Here, there is no particular limitation on a method for forming the opening 124a and the opening 124b. For example, a mask may be formed at a predetermined position and dry etching may be performed. In the case where the second protective film 122 is formed using a photosensitive material, light exposure and development may be performed at a predetermined position of the second protective film 122, and dry etching may be performed using the second protective film 122 as a mask. For example, a chlorine gas or a mixed gas of a boron trichloride gas and a chlorine gas may be used as an etching gas used for the dry etching. However, there is no limitation thereto, and wet etching may be performed.
The second conductive film 126 may be formed using a material and a method similar to those of the first conductive film 114 and have substantially the same thickness as the first conductive film 114.
The third mask 128 may be formed using a resist material. Note that there is no limitation thereto as long as it functions as a mask when the second conductive film 126 is processed.
Next, the second conductive film 126 is processed using the third mask 128 to form a source electrode 130a and a drain electrode 130b, and after that, the third mask 128 is removed (see
By the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention, which is described in this embodiment, the amount of water and hydrogen contained in the stacked base film provided in contact with the island-shaped oxide semiconductor film is reduced, and the amount of oxygen contained in the stacked base film is increased. Thus, the amount of water and hydrogen contained in the oxide semiconductor film can be reduced, and oxygen can be supplied to the oxide semiconductor film in order to reduce oxygen deficiency, so that a highly reliable semiconductor device can be obtained.
The semiconductor device (transistor) described in Embodiment 1 can be used as a pixel transistor of a display device.
In a pixel transistor in this embodiment, an island-shaped transparent conductive film serving as a pixel electrode may be formed selectively so as to be connected to at least one of the source electrode 130a and the drain electrode 130b in the transistor which is formed by the manufacturing method described in Embodiment 1.
However, there is no limitation thereto, and the island-shaped transparent conductive film may be formed selectively by an ink-jet method so as to be connected to one of the source electrode 130a and the drain electrode 130b.
The transparent conductive film can be formed using a conductive composition containing a conductive high molecule (also referred to as a conductive polymer) having a light-transmitting property. It is preferable that the transparent conductive film formed using the conductive composition have a sheet resistance of less than or equal to 10000 Ω/square and a light transmittance of higher than or equal to 70% at a wavelength of 550 nm. Further, the resistivity of the conductive high molecule contained in the conductive composition is preferably less than or equal to 0.1 Ω·cm.
As the conductive high molecule, a so-called π electron conjugated conductive high molecule can be used. For example, polyaniline or a derivative thereof, polypyrrole or a derivative thereof, polythiophene or a derivative thereof, and a copolymer of two or more of aniline, pyrrole, and thiophene or a derivative thereof are given.
The transparent conductive film may be formed using, for example, indium tin oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, or indium tin oxide to which silicon oxide is added.
A semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention, to which the semiconductor device of in Embodiment 1 or 2 is applied, includes electronic paper. Electronic paper can be used for electronic appliances of a variety of fields as long as they can display data. For example, electronic paper can be applied to an electronic book reader (e-book), a poster, a digital signage, a public information display (PID), an advertisement in a vehicle such as a train, displays of various cards such as a credit card, and the like. An example of such electronic appliances is illustrated in
A display portion 305 and a photoelectric conversion device 306 are incorporated in the housing 301. A display portion 307 and a photoelectric conversion device 308 are incorporated in the housing 303. The display portions 305 and 307 may display one image or different images. In the case where the display portions 305 and 307 display different images, for example, a display portion on the right side (the display portion 305 in
Further, the electronic book reader 300 may transmit and receive data wirelessly. Through wireless communication, desired book data or the like can be purchased and downloaded from an electronic book server.
A semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention, to which the semiconductor device of Embodiment 1 or 2 is applied, includes a variety of electronic appliances (including game machines) besides electronic paper. Examples of electronic appliances are a television set (also referred to as a television or a television receiver), a monitor of a computer or the like, a camera such as a digital camera or a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone handset (also referred to as a mobile phone or a mobile phone device), a portable game console, a portable information terminal, an audio reproducing device, a large-sized game machine such as a pachinko machine, and the like.
The television set 400 can be operated by an operation switch of the housing 401 or a separate remote controller 410. Channels can be switched and volume can be controlled with operation keys 409 of the remote controller 410, whereby an image displayed on the display portion 403 can be controlled. The remote controller 410 may be provided with a display portion 407 for displaying data output from the remote controller 410.
Note that the television set 400 is provided with a receiver, a modem, and the like. With the use of the receiver, general television broadcasting can be received. Moreover, when the television set is connected to a communication network with or without wires via the modem, one-way (from a sender to a receiver) or two-way (between a sender and a receiver or between receivers) information communication can be performed.
Note that the digital photo frame 420 is provided with an operation portion, an external connection portion (a USB terminal, a terminal that can be connected to various cables such as a USB cable, or the like), a recording medium insertion portion, and the like. Although these components may be provided on the surface on which the display portion is provided, it is preferable to provide them on the side surface or the back surface for the design of the digital photo frame 420. For example, a memory storing data of an image taken with a digital camera is inserted into the recording medium insertion portion of the digital photo frame and the image data is imported, whereby the imported image data can be displayed on the display portion 423.
The digital photo frame 420 may have a structure capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. The structure may be employed in which desired image data is transferred wirelessly to be displayed.
In the portable computer of
The bottom housing 442 has a pointing device 446 with which input can be performed, in addition to the keyboard 444. When the display portion 443 is a touch screen, input can be performed by touching part of the display portion 443. The bottom housing 442 includes an arithmetic function portion such as a CPU or hard disk. In addition, the bottom housing 442 has an external connection port 445 into which another device, for example, a communication cable compliant with communication standards of a USB is inserted.
The top housing 441 further includes a display portion 447 which can be kept in the top housing 441 by being slid therein. Thus, a large display screen can be realized. In addition, the user can adjust the orientation of a screen of the display portion 447 which can be kept in the top housing 441. When the display portion 447 which can be kept in the top housing 441 is a touch screen, input can be performed by touching part of the display portion 447 which can be kept in the top housing 441.
The display portion 443 or the display portion 447 which can be kept in the top housing 441 is formed with an image display device such as a liquid crystal display panel or a light-emitting display panel including an organic light-emitting element, an inorganic light-emitting element, or the like.
In addition, the portable computer illustrated in
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application serial no. 2011-074049 filed with the Japan Patent Office on Mar. 30, 2011, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-074049 | Mar 2011 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13424681 | Mar 2012 | US |
| Child | 14583416 | US |
