Patent Application
20120225177
The present invention relates to so-called carbonated beverages represented by carbonated water and shochu- or distilled spirit-based carbonated beverages and to a method for producing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to carbonated beverages characterized by retaining their sparkling characteristic for many minutes and bringing the feeling of fine and delicate bubbles in drinking and to a method for producing the carbonated beverages.
A typical current process for industrially producing packaged carbonated beverages includes a step of mixing a beverage and carbon dioxide in piping by using a special mixer represented by a carbonator available from Tuchenhagen GmbH (for example, see Patent Document 1). Other processes for producing carbonated beverages include spraying a beverage in a tank filled with carbon dioxide, thereby applying the beverage to plural plates placed in the tank to form thin films of the beverage on the plates where the thin films absorb carbon dioxide efficiently (Patent Document 2). While these typical processes have been conventionally used, carbonated beverages obtained thereby have disadvantages of large bubbles of carbon dioxide dissolved therein, such a strong sparkling characteristic as to cause slight pains in the mouth and throat, and rapid release of the carbon dioxide.
Meanwhile, drinking collected and packaged natural spring water, i.e., mineral water, has taken root in Europe from old times. Since the mineral water is spring water that gushes out from the deep inside of the ground, it contains natural carbon dioxide and has an inherent quality such as smoothness; actually, it has a wide variety of qualities.
Sparkling wines as represented by those produced in Champagne in France and Cava in Spain are produced by a means of trapping carbon dioxide in bottles during secondary fermentation. These sparkling wines have been noted for superior qualities of carbon dioxide dissolved therein, particularly for the fine bubbles and long retention time of the carbon dioxide.
It has been desirable to develop a method for industrial production of a carbonated beverage having such fine bubbles and a smooth taste and exhibiting a long retention time of carbon dioxide dissolved therein. The present applicant has extensively investigated such a method and consequently developed a method for providing carbon dioxide to a liquid for beverage by using a means to produce the fine bubbles of carbon dioxide in a pressure container (Patent Document 3). Carbonated beverages produced thereby have superior advantages of having finer bubbles and a longer retention time of carbon dioxide gas and bringing moderate sparkling feeling, as compared with any carbonated beverage produced with a conventional carbonator. However, the method disclosed in Patent Document 3 tends to require a somewhat long time to provide a liquid for beverage with high-concentration carbon dioxide gas.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Domestic Publication No. 7-509181
Patent Document 2: Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. 8-2415
Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-100705
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to develop a new method to enable a relatively short-time production of carbonated beverages which are less likely to release carbon dioxide dissolved therein, bring the feeling of finer bubbles in drinking, and have a totally new quality that allows a full control of their sparkling characteristic, as compared with any carbonated beverage produced with a conventional carbonator.
As a result of an extensive investigation, the present inventors developed a new method to enable the production of carbonated beverages containing fine bubbles, on the basis of an idea completely different from the ideas of the conventional techniques, and accomplished the present invention. In particular, the method is directed to generating cavitation under pressure conditions, in a beverage incorporating carbon dioxide gas in advance or in a beverage containing natural carbon dioxide gas, thereby making finer the bubbles of the carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the beverage.
Specifically, the present invention includes the following aspects:
The present invention enables a relatively short-time production of carbonated beverages that are highly capable of retaining carbon dioxide dissolved therein and have fine bubbles and qualities which are totally different from those of any carbonated beverage produced with a conventional carbonator or the like.
The present invention is directed to generating cavitation in a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas under pressure conditions to thereby make finer the bubbles of the carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the beverage.
In the present invention, a carbonated beverage or a beverage or liquid which contains carbon dioxide gas means a beverage containing carbon dioxide originally produced by fermentation and the like (beer, etc.) or a beverage incorporating carbon dioxide artificially at any of the stages in its production process (carbonated water, carbon dioxide-containing soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, etc.) The concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the inventive carbonated beverage (i.e., carbon dioxide) is not particularly limited. It may be a concentration in a common carbonated beverage, typically about 200-12000 ppm, more preferably about 2500-7500 ppm.
A method which is commonly known to a person skilled in the art can be used to produce a liquid incorporating carbon dioxide gas artificially. For example, the method may include, but is not limited to, dissolving carbon dioxide in a liquid under pressure, mixing a liquid and carbon dioxide in piping by using a mixer such as a carbonator available from Tuchenhagen GmbH, spraying a liquid in a tank filled with carbon dioxide to thereby make the carbon dioxide absorbed in the liquid, and mixing a liquid for beverage and carbonated water to obtain a carbonated beverage. The liquid incorporating carbon dioxide gas is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for drinking. Examples of the liquid used include natural water and processed water containing ingredients such as a sweetener, acidulant, flavor, and alcohol. Also usable liquids are alcohols such as whisky, shochu (distilled spirit), other spirits, wine, and beer, and intermediate materials thereof.
In the present invention, a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas originally or a liquid incorporating carbon dioxide gas artificially is first placed under pressure conditions. The conditions may include, but are not particularly limited to, a pressure enough to prevent the release of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid. For example, a common pressure used for storage of carbonated beverages and the like can be applied, preferably about 0.1-0.5 MPa, more preferably about 0.1-0.4 MPa.
The liquid placed under pressure is subsequently passed through an apparatus to generate cavitation. Cavitation is a phenomenon in which a factor such as differences in the flow rate of a flowing liquid by location results in reduced pressure at local spots, where the dissolved gas instantaneously comes out as fine bubbles. In the present invention, cavitation is generated in a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas to produce the fine bubbles of the gas temporarily. The fine bubbles are shorn by a vortex of the liquid and become finer. They are again dissolved in the liquid under pressure. Repeating this process makes finer the bubbles of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the liquid, and disperses them finely and homogenously.
Examples of the apparatus to generate cavitation which can be used without any particular restriction include micro/nano bubble generators which can use a gas-containing liquid to make the bubbles contained therein finer, and gas bubble breaking nozzles which produce micro- or nano-bubbles on the principle of cavitation, as disclosed in patent documents such as Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 2008-161829, 2007-301561, and 2005-204951.
An example of the apparatus to generate cavitation in a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas is a gas bubble breaking nozzle as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-301561, but is not limited thereto. The nozzle disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-301561 has a flow channel for the liquid having such a form that the diameter of the channel increases discontinuously toward the downstream. The generation of cavitation using the nozzle in which the diameter of the flow channel therein increases discontinuously is shown schematically in
The nozzle may have a plurality of flow channels, and the channels are preferably arranged to be linked to a common space at the downstream outlets of the channels, because the arrangement promotes the generation of finer gas bubbles. The examples of the flow channels are shown in
Further, in the nozzle which can be used in the present invention, the flow channels may have inner walls having jagged portions with their ridges biased toward the downstream side. An example of the jagged portion is shown in
Cavitation may be generated in a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas by use of the micro/nano bubble generator or gas bubble breaking nozzle as described above. The bubbles produced in the liquid by cavitation preferably have a diameter of less than 1 mm.
The production process for the invented carbonated beverage is shown schematically in
The flow volume or flow rate of the circulating liquid which contains carbon dioxide gas can be appropriately set depending on the type of an intended carbonated beverage, the volume of gas dissolved therein, the type of an MNB generator used, the control of the sparkling characteristic by adjusting the frequency of circulations, and the like. The flow volume or flow rate can be measured by a flow meter placed on the circulation route.
The pressure tank may have a means for adjusting the temperature of the liquid containing carbon dioxide gas, such as a cooling jacket or a heat-exchanger.
The carbonated beverage produced by the inventive method may be packaged in a common package for carbonated beverages, such as aluminum can, steel can, PET bottle, or glass bottle, to obtain a packaged beverage. Alternatively, household or business beverage server may be used to supply the carbonated beverage to consumers.
The carbonated beverage obtained by the inventive method is characterized by very fine bubbles and a smooth taste. The carbonated beverage contains gas bubbles having a size as seen just after a container such as an aluminum can is opened and the beverage therein is poured into a glass, preferably 1 mm or below, more preferably 500 μm or below. The size of bubbles can be measured, for example with a high-speed camera. The inventive carbonated beverage is also characterized by being likely to retain fine bubbles even in several seconds after poured into a glass. For example, most of bubbles in the beverage preferably maintains its diameter of about 1 mm or below, even in 15 seconds after poured into a glass under an open condition.
Further, the carbonated beverage produced by the inventive method is characterized in that the volume of loss of carbon dioxide gas from the beverage allowed to stand still in the open system is lower than the volume from any carbonated beverage produced with a conventional carbonator or the like. For example, when the carbonated beverage produced by the inventive method having a level of dissolved carbon dioxide of 3600 ppm is allowed to stand still at 20° C. for 30 minutes, the residual ratio of the dissolved carbon dioxide is preferably 0.55 or above. The residual ratio can be calculated in accordance with the procedure described in the Examples shown below (Measurement of Temporal Changes in Dissolved Carbon Dioxide).
Furthermore, the inventive method is directed to making finer the bubbles of carbon dioxide gas in a liquid containing the gas in advance. Thus, the method has an advantage of being capable of producing carbonated beverages containing fine bubbles in a shorter time than the method of Patent Document 3 in which carbon dioxide gas is made finer and simultaneously blown into a liquid. This is advantageous especially in producing carbonated beverages which contain a high concentration of carbon dioxide gas. Moreover, the inventive method can be applied to making finer the bubbles of liquids which originally contain carbon dioxide gas (beer, etc.) In addition, the inventive method can control the fineness of bubbles and the sparkling characteristic of beverages by changing the frequency of circulations to the apparatus to generate cavitation.
The present invention will be more specifically described below with reference to examples, but is not limited thereto.
A carbonated beverage was produced with the apparatuses illustrated by
Ion-exchange water and carbon dioxide were fed to an apparatus having in-line three static mixers (Noritake Co., Ltd.) (flow volume of ion-exchange water: 8 L/min; flow volume of carbon dioxide: 20 L/min) to produce 10 L of a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas (carbonated water). The gas pressure of the obtained carbonated water was 0.2 MPa (level of carbon dioxide gas: 3600 ppm; temperature: 20° C.).
Next, a cylindrical pressure tank having a cooling jacket (volume of content: 20 L; height: 42 cm; diameter: 24 cm; pressure applied: 0.1 MPa (at a liquid temperature of 2° C.)) was filled with 10 L of the liquid containing carbon dioxide gas, and cooling water was circulated to the cooling jacket to cool the liquid to a temperature of 2° C. or below. After cooling, a rotary pump was put into operation to circulate the liquid from the pressure tank to a micro/nano bubble generator (flow volume: 18 L/min) to make finer the bubbles of the carbon dioxide gas contained in the liquid. The micro/nano bubble generator used was a nozzle (AURA TEC, Co., Ltd.) having a plurality of flow channels which were linked to a common space at the downstream outlets, where each of the flow channels had steps which made the diameter of the channel increased discontinuously as well as a jagged portion with its ridges biased toward the downstream side, on the inner wall of the channel, as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-301561. After a 40-minute circulation, the operation of the rotary pump was stopped. The resulting carbonated water was bottled up in a 200 mL glass bottle under maintained pressure.
The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated, except for the change in circulation time of 40 minutes to 10 minutes.
A carbonated beverage was produced in accordance with a common method for producing carbonated beverages (a method where the finer bubbles of carbon dioxide are not generated).
Ion-exchange water and carbon dioxide were fed to an apparatus having in-line three static mixers (Noritake Co., Ltd.) (flow volume of ion-exchange water: 8 L/min; flow volume of carbon dioxide: 20 L/min) to produce 10 L of a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas (carbonated water). The gas pressure of the obtained carbonated water was 0.2 MPa (level of carbon dioxide gas: 3600 ppm; temperature: 20° C.). The carbonated water was bottled up in a 200 mL glass bottle under maintained pressure.
The glass bottles each containing the carbonated water produced in Example 1 or 2 or Comparative Example 1 were immersed in a thermostatic bath at 20° C. for 1 hour to maintain the carbonated waters at 20° C. Each of the glass bottles was then opened, and 50 mL of the carbonated water was decanted therefrom into a plastic cup (cylindrical shape; mouth diameter of cup: 50 mm).
At a point when the carbonated water was decanted into the cup (0 min) and in 2, 4, 8, 16, and 30 minutes, 2.8 mL of the carbonated water was collected from the cup with a pipette, and decanted into a Falcon tube containing 0.2 mL of 25M aqueous sodium hydroxide (prepared from 12 g of sodium hydroxide and 50 mL of ultra-pure water). The tube was then shaken gently twice. The carbon dioxide dissolved in the carbonated water was thereby converted into Na2CO3 and NaHCO3.
Next, 10 μL of the resulting solution was introduced to an HPLC system under the conditions stated below. Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 were converted into H2CO3 and the volume of H2CO3 was measured.
<Conditions for HPLC>
Equipment: Organic acid analysis system from Shimadzu Corp.
Column: SPR-H (product name) from Shimadzu Corp.
Column temperature: 40° C.
Run time: 18 minutes
Mobile phase: 4 mM aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid
Buffer: Mixed solution of a 4 mM aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid and a
16 mM aqueous solution of Bis-Tris containing 100 μM of EDTA
Flow rate of mobile phase: 0.8 mL/min
Flow rate of buffer: 0.8 mL/min
Detector: Conductometric detector
The carbon dioxide dissolved in the carbonated water was indirectly quantified under these conditions. The quantification was carried out using a calibration curve prepared in advance by employing sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solutions having concentrations of 0, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 ppm. Three measurements were carried out for each of the samples and the average values thereof were calculated. In each of the references for Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, the volume of the dissolved carbon dioxide at the time of decantation (0 min) was set to be 1, and the residual ratios of the carbon dioxide at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 30 minutes were calculated. The results are shown in
As shown by
(2) Sensory Evaluation
A sensory evaluation was performed for the carbonated waters produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1. In conclusion, the inventive method can produce carbonated beverages containing fine bubbles and retaining its sparkling characteristic for many minutes.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-262592 | Nov 2009 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/070030 | 11/10/2010 | WO | 00 | 5/15/2012 |
