Patent Application
20060048885
The invention relates to a method for production of a component, comprising a micro-structured substrate and a complementary element assembled by means of an assembly joint. It also relates to a component produced by this method.
Production of micro-structured components, in particular micro-fluidic devices (biochips, lab-on-chip, etc.) or micro electro-mechanical devices (MEMS, MOEMS, etc.), generally involves surface or volume micro-structuring of at least one substrate where free spaces are created enabling fluids to circulate or to be stored. The cavities and channels thus created are open on at least one side and therefore have to be connected or assembled to another structure (open or closed cover, capillaries, other micro-fluidic substrate.).
Assembly of micro-structured components requires assembly joints and seals that may be micro-structured. However, handling and positioning of micro-structured joints is very difficult. Techniques exist using in particular Polydimethylsiloxane as assembly joint, with complex methods to define the surface of the joint. Other assembly techniques exist for substrates whose assembly surfaces may be locally very small, but these techniques require high temperatures or chemical preparations limiting the possibility of functionalizing the components to be assembled (for example by biological grafting) and are restrictive in the choice of materials. In the field of polymer assembly, thermal welding also limits the choice of materials. The use of pre-glued adhesive films presents the drawback of the presence of glue in contact with fluids to be handled and gives rise to problems of biological compatibility.
More conventional gluing techniques (glue distribution by syringe, pad printing, glue rollers, screen printing), apart from the problems related to polymerization of liquid glues in the presence of biological species, prove unsuitable for assembly of micro-structures presenting very small assembly surfaces (<20 μm).
Known assembly techniques thus give rise to problems of biological compatibility and/or are complex, which limits the application possibilities. In addition, certain techniques do not enable reversible assembly of two components.
It is one object of the invention to remedy these drawbacks and, more particularly, to propose a method for production of micro-structured components minimizing the problems of biological compatibility, while reducing the complexity and manufacturing cost.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by the fact that the method comprises fabrication of the assembly joint by:
a first step of deposition of a thin layer of polymer on a transfer substrate, the transfer substrate and the thin polymer layer having a predetermined chemical affinity,
a second step of bringing the micro-structured substrate and the thin polymer layer into contact, the micro-structured substrate and the thin polymer layer having a greater chemical affinity than the chemical affinity between the transfer substrate and the thin polymer layer,
a third step of removing the transfer substrate, so that the assembly joint is formed by the zones of the thin polymer layer coming into contact with the micro-structured substrate in the course of the second step.
According to a preferred embodiment, the transfer substrate is flexible and removal of the transfer substrate is performed by pulling the latter via one end.
According to a development of the invention, the method comprises a step of chemical activation of the complementary element and/or, after the third step, a step of chemical activation of the assembly joint arranged on the micro-structured substrate. An irreversible assembly of the micro-structured substrate and of the complementary element can thus be achieved.
It is another object of the invention to provide a component, produced by the above method, and comprising a complementary element assembled to the micro-structured substrate by the assembly joint, the element being a cover, another micro-structured substrate, a capillary or a matrix of capillaries secured to one another.
Other advantages and features will become more clearly apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given as non-restrictive examples only and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1 to 6 represent different steps of a particular embodiment of a method according to the invention.
In a first step of the process represented in FIGS. 1 to 6, a thin layer of polymer 2 is deposited on a transfer substrate 1. A typically used deposition technique is spin coating. The polymer of the thin layer 2 and the material of the transfer substrate 1 must have a chemical affinity enabling the second and third steps described hereafter. In a preferred embodiment, the materials of the transfer substrate 1 and of the thin polymer layer 2 are both Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). One advantageous property of a PDMS transfer substrate 1 is its flexibility. Depending on the polymer used for the thin layer 2 and on the deposition technique, an additional intermediate cross-linking step, for example by heating, can be added just after deposition.
The second step (
In a third step, the transfer substrate 1 is removed. Only the zones of the thin polymer layer 2 in contact with the micro-structured substrate 3 during the second step remain on the micro-structured substrate 3. As the chemical affinity between the micro-structured substrate 3 and the thin polymer layer 2 is greater than the chemical affinity between the thin polymer layer and the transfer substrate 1, the thin polymer layer 2 in fact tears, a part 4 remaining fixed to the micro-structured substrate 3, the rest 6 being removed with the transfer substrate 1. The zones of the thin polymer layer 2 that were not in contact with the micro-structured substrate 3 during the second step thus remain as residues 6 on the transfer substrate 1. The assembly joint 4 is thus formed by the zones of the thin polymer layer 2 remaining on the micro-structured substrate 3. In the case of a flat transfer substrate 1, the second step does not require any alignment, the micro-structured substrate 3 itself defining the contact zones with the thin polymer layer 2. For the thin polymer layer to tear at the edge of the patterns machined in the micro-structured substrate 3, the tenacity of the thin polymer layer 2 must be very weak. The tenacity can be reduced in particular by plasma oxidizing prior to the second step (
The method described above enables an assembly joint 4 to be formed having the same shape as the micro-structured substrate 3 to be connected or assembled, without leaving any dead volume and without adding any matter above cavities 5 formed in the micro-structured substrate 3. The surface of the assembly joint 4 in contact with the materials (fluids, liquids, etc.) contained in the cavities 5 is therefore minimized, which enables a possible interaction between the material of the assembly joint 4 and the materials contained in the cavities 5 to be attenuated. The biological compatibility of the component is thus optimized.
This method enables a multitude of micro-assembly joints to be formed simultaneously, each joint being able to be very small (<20 μm), on micro-structured substrates of large surface (treatment of a complete wafer), the micro-structured substrate itself confining the assembly joint. The method is quick, inexpensive and does not require any alignment for formation of the joints.
In a preferred embodiment, execution of the third step is facilitated by the use of a flexible transfer substrate that can be removed via one end (
After the third step, a complementary element 7 can be fixed onto the micro-structured substrate 3 by means of the assembly joint 4, possibly in reversible manner, securing the complementary element 7 by means of a device (not shown) ensuring an intimate contact with the assembly joint 4. It is also possible to fix the complementary element 7 in irreversible manner on the micro-structured substrate 3 by adding one or more chemical activation steps of the assembly joint 4 and/or of the complementary element 7, for example by plasma oxidizing (
In a particular embodiment, represented in
In the alternative embodiment represented in
In a particular embodiment, represented in
The material of the assembly joint is to be chosen from among thermo-hard resins, elastomers or elastomer thermoplastics meeting the following criteria:
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and more particularly Sylgard® 184 grade from Dow Corning®, is particularly suitable, notably on account of its optic and biological compatibility qualities. Dow Corning® Sylgard® 184 grade PDMS can be activated by a low-energy oxygen plasma (creation of SiOH and OH sites; hydroxylation) enabling it to be irreversibly stuck to silicon, to glass, to a wide range of plastics, to itself, etc. It is available in non cross-linked form, supplied along with a hardener, and therefore sufficiently liquid to be spread by spin coating. Surface hydroxylation could be performed by plunging the selected polymer into boiling water. This method does however prove less simple to implement.
The transfer substrate material is preferably chosen to be able to form covalent bonds (free methacryl groups for example, which bond with the methacryl groups of the thin layer PDMS) with the assembly joint material and for its flexibility. For this reason, a preferable choice is a transfer substrate made from PDMS, freshly fabricated to avoid any problem of dust collection related to storage, as PDMS is very fond of dust.
The thin layer of PDMS is preferably hot cross-linked to save time (4 hours at 60°). The use of a spin-coating-whirler enables the thickness of the assembly joint to be chosen (typically between a few micrometers and 50 μm).
The material of the micro-structured substrate to be assembled or connected, or at least of the surfaces dedicated to formation of the assembly joint, must be able to be activated to form covalent bonds with said assembly joint. Likewise, covalent bonds can be achieved between said joint and the complementary element. Under these conditions, the assembled final component can be fluid-tight.
In fabrication of enzymatic digestion reactors on silicon, the micro-structured substrate is composed of channels with a length of several millimeters and a width of 1 mm wherein matrices of columns with a diameter of 5 μm or 10 μm are micro-machined (several million columns). This enables the surface/volume ratio of said reactors to be increased, the enzymatic digestion reaction taking place between enzymes grafted on the walls and proteins conveyed in these reactors.
The present invention, as described above, has notably enabled an assembly joint to be formed on very small patterns (square columns with 5 μm sides and hexagonal columns with a diameter of 10 μm), and on relatively large surface components (4×2 cm2), without any dead volume above these columns, while minimizing the surface of PDMS facing the fluids (problems of protein adsorption on the PDMS).
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR03/03288 | 11/4/2003 | WO | 4/29/2005 |
