Patent Application
20060171887
The present invention relates to a method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and a diagnostic kit for performing the method.
There are a number of known methods for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection, e.g.s the upper digestive tract endoscopy, the stool antigen test (HpSA/Meridian, Milan, Italy), serological method (Pylortest EIA-G III/Orion Diagnostics, Espoo, Finland), antibody detection in urine (Otsuka Diagnostic, Frankfurt, Germany). The Helicobacter breath test INFAI (INFAI GmbH, Cologne, Germany) became the leading method. It is in commercial use with 75 mg 13C-labeled urea together with up to 1 g citric acid for adults and with 45 mg 13C-labeled urea together with 100 ml orange juice for children from the age of 3 years.
A severe disadvantage of nearly all these tests, however, is that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antacid therapy disturb and give false negative results; see L. Gatta et al, in American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2004, p. 823-828.
It therefore is demanded, that these PPIs and antacid therapy must be discontinued 12 to 14 days at least before the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) can be performed with reliable results. This increases cost and inconvenience, as the patient must return after at least 12 days. Furtheron the patient suffers from the discontinuation during this time.
It has been one object of the invention to provide a method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori for patients taking PPIs or other antacid drugs.
Surprisingly it now was found, that this problem can be solved if the patients taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are administered higher amounts of acids overcompensating for a time of 10 minutes to one hour the activity of the PPI.
It could not be foreseen that such a short-time overcompensation of the PPI-activity would be able to overcome the known long-time negative influence of these drugs on the reliability of the UBT-tests.
There are strong indications that this is also helpful with patients being administered antacid drugs.
It is not only more convenient for the patients to be tested immediately without discontinuation of intake of PPIs or antacid drugs. It is also better accepted to suffer for at most one hour instead of two weeks without the therapy.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for diagnosing a Helicobacter pylori infection in a patient treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) comprising the steps of
The amount of acid is preferably in the range of 5 to 7 g and more preferably in the range of 5.5 to 6.5 g. Suitable acids are pharmacologically acceptable acids, for example those selected the group of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid and mixtures thereof.
An especially useful mixture is a combination of 5 g citric acid, 0.3 g maleic acid and 0.2 g tartaric acid.
Preferably the acid is administered in a solution with water, e.g. 150 to 300 ml. Preferably sweeteners are added to get an acceptable taste of the solution. Other components such as flavours or colorants can be added, too.
In one embodiment of the invention, the test is a breath test. In this test, the breath samples are taken prior to administration of the 13C-labeled urea and about 30 minutes after administration of the urea. The 13C content of CO2 is then measured from these breath samples. A difference between 00 min value and 30 min value of more than 3.2, preferably more than 4 ppm indicates a Helicobacter pylori infection.
In a different embodiment blood samples are selected from the patient prior to administration of the 13C-labeled urea and a second blood sample is selected about 15 minutes later. Upon addition of a strong acid, 13CO2 is released from the blood samples and the concentration of 13CO2 can be measured accordingly. The cut-off value for the blood test is 2 ppm, i.e. a difference between 00 min value and 15 min value of more than 2 ppm indicates Helicobacter pylori infection.
The measurement of 13CO2 is relative to the content of 12CO2 and 13CO2 together. A suitable method is for example Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometry (IRMS).
Suitable amounts of 13C-urea depend on the purity of the 13C-urea and the type of samples.
13C-urea is commercially available in 99% purity. If this 13C-urea is used, amounts of 10 to 100 mg are sufficient. If less pure 13C-urea is used, the amounts of urea must be correspondingly higher. If, for example the 13C content is 50%, about twice the amount is needed.
For the blood test, a sufficient amount is in the range of 5 to 50 mg, preferably about 10 mg. For a breath test, typically the amount is about 75 mg, for children the amount is about 45 mg.
In one embodiment of the invention the treatment with PPI is discontinued for 1, 2 or 3 days, preferably one day, prior to diagnosis of the Helicobacter pylori infection. This increases reliability of the method and smaller amounts of acids can be used. When the method is discontinued for one day, suitable amounts of acids are in the range of 4 to 6 g, preferably 4.5 to 6 g. A convenient mixture is e.g. 4.5 g citric acid, 0.3 g maleic acid and 0.2 g tartaric acid.
In a further embodiment, the acid is administered together with 13C-labeled urea. The method comprises the steps of
The acids are administered preferably in form of aqueous solutions.
Such solutions can be prepared from solid or liquid acids immediately before the test. They also can be prepared in larger amounts and can be stored.
The breath test is run in the usual and well established method described in the literature and the patient instruction sheets, which are available also to the medical doctor. The samples are analysed for example by gas isotope ratio mass spectroscopy or infrared spectrometer.
The following examples compare the results of the test according to the present invention with 5 g citric acid, 0.3 g maleic acid and 0.2 tartaric acid (New 13C UBT) with the tests according to the prior art (13C-UBT Standard with 1 g citric acid).
152 consecutive Helicobacter pylori positive patients have been studied.
Upper endoscopy was performed in each patient. During endoscopy, multiple biopsies were taken from antrum and corpus. Histology, RUT (Rapid Urease Test), and culture were used to assess the Helicobacter pylori status, Histology was performed using the H&E, and the modified Giemsa stain.
Histology was scored using the Up date Sydney System. Patients were considered infected if 2 out of 3 tests were positive or if culture was positive alone.
Patients found to be positive were randomised using a randomisation list to perform a standard 13C-UBT or the new 13C-UBT formulation.
After UBT they received a standard dose of esomeprazole (40 mg/day) to be taken in the morning 30 min before breakfast.
Patients were asked to return at day 14th and 28th of treatment with esomeprazole to perform the UBTs and to check the compliance with medication.
Patients were also asked to return at day 7th and 14th after stopping treatment with esomeprazole to perform the UBTs.
Sensitivity, difference between proportions for independent samples and their Cis (Confidence intervals) were calculated according to Wilson and Newcombe method's.
Sensitivity was assessed according to ITT (Intension to Treat) Analysis i.e. patients dropped were considered as False Negative results.
The p value was calculated using Fischer's exact test. NNT (Number Needed to Treat) was also calculated.
Multiple logistic regression for the independent determinants of sensitivity was performed using the following variables:
Multiple logistic regression was performed according to ITT Analysis i.e. patients dropped were considered as False Negative results.
From 152 Helicobacter pylori positive patients randomised 76 patients were tested with the method of the invention and 76 patients were tested with the formulation of the prior art.
The Results after 14th Day of PPI
The test according to the invention gave 71 True Positive, 3 False Negative, 2 Drop-Out.
The standard gave 59 True Positive, 14 False Negative, and 3 Drop-Out.
The sensitivity increased from 75.7% to 95.8% with a p value of 0.0005.
The Results after 28th Day of PPI
Method of the invention 67 True Positive, 7 False Negative, 2 Drop-Out
Method of prior art 43 True Positive, 30 False Negative, 3 Drop-Out.
The Results after 7th Day of Wash-Out
New Test: 74 True Positive, 2 Dropout
Standard Test: 73 True Positive 3 Drop-Out
The Results after 14th Day of Wash-Out
New Test: 74 True Positive, 2 Drop-Out
Standard Test: 73 True Positive, 3 Drop-Out.
These results clearly show the highly significant improvement with the new formulation and confirm the known demand of at least 12 day discontinuation of PPI treatment in conventional test. This now can be avoided with the method according to the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 05 001 997.5 | Feb 2005 | EP | regional |
