Patent Application
20090130860
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including a step of processing a substrate and to a processing apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the semiconductor device such as DRAM & CMOS Logics whose higher density is progressed, in order to suppress a gate leakage current in a thinned gate insulating film, or in order to increase a capacitance of a capacitor, a high dielectric constant film (high dielectric insulating film) has been used as an insulating film.
When a high dielectric film is deposited, it is so required that the film can be formed at a low temperature, a surface morphology of the formed film is uniform and flat, step coverage and/or via-filling performance are superior, and also it is so required that fewer impurities are mixed into the film. The high dielectric film is deposited by supplying processing gas into a processing chamber into which a substrate is loaded. However, when the high dielectric film is deposited, a deposit including the high dielectric film is deposited on an inner wall of the processing chamber or a member such as a substrate supporting tool in the processing chamber, thus involving a problem that the adhered deposit is peeled off from the inner wall, etc, of the processing chamber and is fallen on the processing substrate if the worst happens and included in the high dielectric film. Therefore, in order to suppress such an inclusion of the foreign matter, it is necessary to clean the inside of the processing chamber or the member in the processing chamber by removing the deposit by etching, before the film thickness composed of the deposit reaches a specific thickness.
A wet etching method in this case detaching a reaction tube constituting the processing chamber and dipping it in a cleaning liquid, and a dry etching method in this case supplying excited etching gas into the processing chamber, are known as a method of etching the deposit. In recent years, the dry etching method, which does not require detaching of the reaction tube, has become more popular. As the dry etching method, a method of activating fluorine (F) based gas or chlorine (Cl) based gas by plasma and using it as the etching gas, and a method of activating O2 added BCl3 gas by plasma and using it as the etching gas, are already disclosed. (for example, see non-patent documents 1 and 2, and patent documents 1 to 3). Such etching methods using plasma are frequently performed using a single wafer processing apparatus, in order to achieve uniformity of the plasma density distribution and easiness of control by the biasing voltage.
However, in the dry etching method described above using plasma (hereinbelow referred to as plasma etching), it is necessary to provide a plasma generating source for activating the etching gas. For example, in the non-patent document 2 and the patent documents 1 to 3, 2.45 GHz microwave plasma is used for activating the etching gas. Thus, it can make a possible guess that an increase of a cost of the processing apparatus and consequently the manufacturing cost of the semiconductor device will be resulted in some cases.
On the other hand, etching methods by heating gas without using plasma (hereinbelow referred to as thermal etching) may also be considered. However, in such cases, it has been believed that it is difficult to achieve a high etching rate and the cleaning time is prolonged, thereby tending to lower the productivity.
An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device and a processing apparatus, capable of removing a deposit including a high dielectric constant film deposited on a processing chamber, by using heating gas as an etchant.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of: loading a substrate into a processing chamber; supplying a processing gas into the processing chamber and depositing a high dielectric constant film on the substrate; unloading the processed substrate from the inside of the processing chamber; and cleaning the inside of the processing chamber by supplying halide gas and oxygen based gas into the processing chamber, then removing the deposit including the high dielectric constant film deposited on the inside of the processing chamber wherein, in the step of cleaning the processing chamber, the concentration of the oxygen based gas in the halide gas and the oxygen based gas is set to be less than 7%.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing apparatus, including: a processing chamber that performs processing of depositing a high dielectric constant film on a substrate; a gas supply system that supplies processing gas into the processing chamber, for depositing the high dielectric constant film; a supply system that cleans the inside of the processing chamber by supplying halide gas and oxygen-based gas into the processing chamber, and removing the deposits including the high dielectric constant film deposited on the inside of the processing chamber; and a controller that controls the cleaning gas supply system, so that a concentration of the oxygen-based gas in the halide gas and the oxygen-based gas is set to be less than 7%.
According to the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device and the processing apparatus of the present invention, deposits including the high dielectric constant film deposited on the processing chamber can be removed at a high speed, using heating gas as an etchant.
As described above, in some cases, a high etching rate is difficult to achieve with thermal etching. Inventors of the present invention make strenuous efforts in studying on a method of increasing the etching rate in thermal etching. As a result, based on the knowledge, the inventors of the present invention achieves a technique that the etching rate in thermal etching can be increased, by setting etching conditions such as oxygen-based gas concentration in the etching gas, temperature of the inside of the processing chamber (in a precise sense, temperature of a surface to be etched), and pressure in the processing chamber, in a prescribed range.
Thus, based on this knowledge, inventors of the present invention achieve the invention of a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including the steps of: loading a substrate into a processing chamber; supplying processing gas into the processing chamber and depositing a high dielectric constant film on the substrate; unloading the processed substrate from the inside of the processing chamber; and supplying halide gas and oxygen-based gas into the processing chamber, then removing a deposit including the high dielectric constant film deposited on the inside of the processing chamber, and cleaning the inside of the processing chamber; wherein, in the step of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber, the concentration of the oxygen based gas in the halide gas and the oxygen based gas is less than 7%. It should be noted that “halide gas” means gas containing a halogen element, and “oxygen based gas” means gas containing oxygen atoms.
Also, based on this knowledge, it is possible to achieve the embodiment of the processing apparatus described in this invention, including: a processing chamber that performs processing of depositing a high dielectric constant film on a substrate; a processing gas supply system that supplies processing gas into the processing chamber, for depositing the high dielectric constant film; a cleaning gas supply system that supplies halide gas and oxygen-based gas into the processing chamber, for removing a deposit including the high dielectric constant film deposited on the inside of the processing chamber and cleaning the inside of the processing chamber; and a controller that controls the cleaning gas supply system, so that a concentration of the oxygen-based gas in the halide gas and the oxygen-based gas is less than 7%.
The knowledge obtained by the inventors is described in more detail below.
In the side face of the vacuum container 302, there is provided a loading port 303 as an opening for loading a test sample 308 into and from the reaction chamber 301. The sample 308 is constituted as a quartz glass substrate of 15 mm×15 mm with an HfO2 film deposited by ALD method, for example, on its surface. Also, a gate valve 304 is provided at the loading port 303. The gate valve 304 is constructed so as to open/close the loading port 303.
A heating stage 305 that heats the sample 308 is provided at the reaction chamber 301. Specifically, a sample holder 307 is provided at the top of the heating stage 305; the sample 308 is set horizontally on the sample holder 307. A heater 306 that heats the sample 308 is incorporated within the heating stage 305 below the sample holder 307.
In the side face of the vacuum container 302 on the opposite side where the loading port 303 is provided, there is provided a gas supply port 309 that communicates with the inside of the reaction chamber 301. A gas supply pipe 310 that supplies etching gas containing BCl3 and O2 is connected to the gas supply port 309. A valve 311 is provided at the gas supply pipe 310, and supply of etching gas into the reaction chamber 301 can be started or stopped by opening/closing the valve 311. It should be noted that the oxygen concentration in the etching gas that is supplied from the gas supply pipe 310 i.e. the ratio of the amount of O2 with respect to the total amount of BCl3 and O2 is adjustable arbitrarily.
A purge gas supply port 312 that communicates with the inside of the reaction chamber 301 is provided on an upper surface (ceiling wall) of the vacuum container 302. A purge gas supply pipe 313 that supplies inert gas such as Ar, for example, is connected to the purge gas supply port 312. A valve 314 is provided at the purge gas supply pipe 313, so that supply of the purge gas into the reaction chamber 301 can be started or stopped by opening/closing the valve 314.
An exhaust port 315 that communicates with the inside of the reaction chamber 301 is provided at the bottom face of the vacuum container 302. An exhaust pipe 316 is connected to the exhaust port 315. An exhaust valve 318 and vacuum pump 317 are provided in that order from the upstream side in the exhaust pipe 316. A pressure gauge 320 that measures the pressure in the reaction chamber 301 is provided on the side face of the vacuum container 302. The exhaust valve 318 and pressure gauge 320 are respectively connected to an APC (auto pressure controller) 319. The APC 319 controls the degree of opening of the exhaust valve 318 based on the pressure value measured by the pressure gauge 320 and adjusts the pressure in the reaction chamber 301 to a desired pressure.
Next, a method of evaluating the etching rate in thermal etching using the experimental apparatus 300 described above will be described with reference to
First, the inside of the reaction chamber 301 is opened to the atmosphere (e1) by opening the gate valve 304 with the valves 311, 314 and the exhaust valve 318 closed. The sample 308 is then loaded into the reaction chamber 301 through the loading port 303 and placed on the sample holder 307. The film thickness (hereafter defined as initial film thickness) of the HfO2 deposited on the sample 308 is measured beforehand prior to loading. This measurement of film thickness can be performed by a technique such as ellipsometry, for example. The inventors employed a MARY 102 (light source wavelength 632.8 nm) manufactured by Five Lab Co., Ltd. for this measurement.
After introduction of the sample 308 into the reaction chamber 301, the gate valve 304 is closed, and the inside of the reaction chamber 301 is evacuated (e2) by operating a vacuum pump 317 and opening the exhaust valve 318. Then, by operating the heater 306, the surface of the sample 308 is heated to the set temperature, for example 350 to 450 ° C. (e3).
Next, by closing the exhaust valve 318 and opening the valve 311, etching gas including BCl3 and O2 is supplied (e4) into the reaction chamber 301 from the gas supply pipe 310. When the pressure in the reaction chamber 301 reaches the prescribed set value pressure, supply of etching gas into the reaction chamber 301 is stopped by closing the valve 311, thus filling the reaction chamber 301 with the etching gas (e5). The HfO2 film that is deposited on the surface of the sample 308 is then etched (e6) by maintaining a state that the etching gas containing BCl3 and O2 is encapsulated in the reaction chamber 301 for a prescribed time. When a prescribed time is elapsed with the etching gas encapsulated therein, the exhaust valve 318 is opened and evacuation of the inside of the reaction chamber 301 is conducted (e7) by means of the vacuum pump 317.
Then, the aforementioned steps e4 to e7 are set as one cycle, and this cycle is repeated a prescribed number of times (so-called as cycle etching). Thereafter, the inside of the reaction chamber 301 is purged by introducing inert gas into the reaction chamber 301 by opening the valve 314; and thereafter the exhaust valve 318 is closed, with the purge gas introduced into the reaction chamber 301, and the inside of the reaction chamber 301 is returned to atmospheric pressure again. The gate valve 304 is then opened and the etched sample 308 is unloaded from within the reaction chamber 301, through the loading port 303, to outside the reaction chamber 301, and the film thickness (hereafter defined as final film thickness) of the etched HfO2 film is measured.
In the above, the time duration from Step e4 to Step e5 (during supply of etching gas into the reaction chamber 301) is defined as the transient time and the time duration from Step e5 to completion of Step e6 (enclosing the etching gas in the reaction chamber 301) is defined as the encapsulating time. In other words, the transient time means the time in which the surface temperature of the sample 308 is kept constant, while the pressure within the reaction chamber 301 is still increasing; and the enclosing time means the time in which the surface temperature of the sample 308 and the pressure in the reaction chamber 301 are respectively kept constant.
When one cycle of the cycle etching is focused, the etching rate, i.e. the average etching rate from start of supply (e4) of etching gas into the reaction chamber 301 by opening the valve 311 to evacuation of the inside of the reaction chamber 301 by opening (e7) the exhaust valve 318, can be defined by the following formula (1):
Etching rate=(initial film thickness−final film thickness)/(transient time+encapsulating time) (1)
Since etching is chiefly conducted in the encapsulating time, the etching rate can be regarded as (initial film thickness−final film thickness)/encapsulating time, but, in this case, the etching rate is calculated irrespective of the fact that etching is performed even in the transient time, although an etching amount in this case is small, and the etching rate is therefore over-estimated. The inventors of the present invention consider it necessary to calculate the etching rates accurately in the transient time and in the encapsulating time, and obtain these etching rates as follows.
First, the etching rate in the transient time, namely, an average etching rate from starting the supply of the etching gas into the reaction chamber 301 by opening the valve 311 (e4), until the supply of the etching gas is stopped by closing the valve 311 (e5) is obtained by the following formula (2).
Etching rate in the transient time=(initial film thickness−film thickness after stoppage of gas supply)/transient time (2)
Also, the etching rate in the encapsulating time, namely, the average etching rate after encapsulating the etching gas in the reaction chamber 301 by closing the valve 311 (e5) until the inside of the reaction chamber 301 is evacuated by opening the exhaust valve 318 (e7), is obtained by the following formula (3), while using the aforementioned formula (2):
Etching rate in the enclosing time={initial film thickness−(etching rate during the transient time×transient time)−final film thickness}/encapsulating time (3)
It should be noted that, although the above formulas (1) to (3) are in each case the formulas focusing on one cycle, it is also possible to obtain the average etching rate throughout the entire cycle etching, in consideration of the total transient time (each transient time×number of cycles) throughout the entire cycle etching and the total encapsulating time (each encapsulating time×number of cycles).
An experimental result of the etching rate in thermal etching will be explained, while comparing it with the data of the plasma etching disclosed in the patent document 1.
(Evaluation of Encapsulating Time)
In the cycle etching, the total etching amount can be more precisely controlled based on the number of cycles if the amount of etching per cycle is determined. At this time, the etching rate in the encapsulating time must be large, and in addition, the etching rate must be stable every one cycle (fluctuation in etching amount every one cycle must be small) Also, in order to obtain conditions for optimizing the etching rate such as (oxygen concentration, temperature, and chamber pressure) accurately, the etching rate must be stable. Therefore, the inventors focus on a relation between the etching rate and the encapsulating time, and evaluate a correlation of them.
The results are shown in
From
(Evaluation of Oxygen Concentration Dependence)
Next, the experimental result of the oxygen concentration dependency of the etching rate will be described with reference to
In the evaluation shown in
From
Also, from
Also, when the oxygen concentration exceeds 4%, the etching rate drops steeply, the etching rate becomes equivalent to the etching rate in case of setting the oxygen concentration at 4% or less. As described above, the inventors of the present invention obtains a knowledge that preferably the oxygen concentration is set at 4% or less, and by setting the oxygen concentration within this range, thermal etching can be performed with further high etching rate while minimizing added amount of oxygen.
Note that when the oxygen concentration exceeds 4%, the etching rate drops steeply, and when the oxygen concentration exceeds 7%, the etching rate is lower than the etching rate in case of using BCl3 singularly, and when the oxygen concentration is 10%, the etching rate is 8 nm/min. Although not shown, it was confirmed that, when the oxygen concentration is set to 15%, the etching rate drops below the etching rate (8 nm/min) when the O2 concentration is 10%, and, furthermore, when the O2 concentration is set to 20%, the etching rate drops further below the etching rate when the O2 concentration is 15%. That is, it was found that, if the O2 concentration exceeds 4%, at least in a range up to 20%, the etching rate shows a decreasing trend as the O2 concentration increases.
It can be seen from and when the oxygen concentration is 10% or 20%, the deposit is not generated and the etching is performed. Also, if the oxygen concentration is in the range of 10% or more, it is found that the etching rate is slightly reduced.
When
(Evaluation of Temperature Dependency)
Next, the experimental result of the temperature dependency of etching rate will be described with reference to
In the evaluations shown in
Also, in the evaluation shown in
It is found from
Note that at the temperature exceeding 600° C., crystallization rate of a high dielectric constant film (for example, HfO2 film) to be etched proceed greatly faster than the etching rate. Namely, at this temperature, the crystallinity of the high dielectric constant film to be etched changes abruptly, thus hardly allowing the etching reaction to occur, resulting in a steep drop of the etching rate. Therefore, it is preferable to set the etching temperature at 600° C. or less.
Also, although the etching rate rises as the pressure increases, if the etching rate excessively rises, it is difficult to achieve uniform etching in the reaction chamber 301. Consequently, preferably the etching pressure is set at 500 Torr (66500 Pa) or less and more preferably at 200 Torr (26600 Pa) or less.
By setting the surface temperature of the sample 308 and the pressure in the reaction chamber 301 within this range, the thermal etching can be performed at an etching rate exceeding the etching rate in case of using BCl3 singularly. That is, even by performing thermal etching without using plasma, a fully satisfactory etching rate can be achieved that is in no way inferior to plasma etching, by raising the temperature of the surface to be etched to a prescribed temperature and by raising the pressure within the reaction chamber 301 to a prescribed pressure.
Evaluation of the Chamber Pressure Dependency)
Subsequently, the experimental result of the chamber pressure dependency of the etching rate will be explained, with reference to
In
From
The data shown in , and the following tendency is observed. Namely, the etching rate is not changed even if the pressure is increased and the etching rate is gradually lowered when the pressure reaches 10 mTorr or more. Also, it is found that, under the pressure of 10 mTorr or less, the etching rate is larger than the etching rate in case of using BCl3 singularly. As described above, it is found that the chamber pressure dependency is largely different, between the thermal etching and the plasma etching, and the thermal etching has characteristics not found in the plasma etching.
(Evaluation of Temperature Dependence of the Selectivity)
Next, the evaluation results regarding the temperature dependency of the selectivity will be described with reference to
In some cases, actually the deposit containing HfO2 is not uniformly deposited on the inside of the reaction tube constituting the processing chamber of the processing apparatus, being a cleaning object. For example, in some cases, the film thickness of the deposit is locally thin or locally thick. Also, the surface temperature of an inner wall of the reaction tube is non-uniform or the pressure of the cleaning gas in the processing chamber is non-uniform, thus differentiating the etching rate of the deposit in some cases. In this case, when all the deposits deposited on the inside of the reaction tube are removed by etching, a part of the surface of the inner wall of the reaction tube composed of quartz glass (SiO2), etc, is exposed to the cleaning gas for a long period of time, and is thereby damaged at some cases. In order to reduce such damage, it is effective to increase the selectivity of the quartz glass constituting the reaction tube and the HfO2 film (namely, the ratio of the etching rate of the quartz glass to the etching rate of the HfO2 film). The inventors of the present invention obtains a knowledge that by setting the temperature of the surface to be etched within a prescribed range, the selectivity can be increased, and evaluates the correlation between the temperature and the selectivity.
In the evaluation shown in
It is found from
Note that when actually an etching was performed for the quartz glass, the damage of the quartz glass was not confirmed. Namely, when a quartz glass sample, with the HfO2 film formed thereon, was prepared, and the HfO2 film on the quartz glass substrate was completely subjected to etching, then the quartz glass substrate was subjected to over-etching for the same time period, and no damage was confirmed on the quartz glass substrate. Hereupon, the same condition as the condition for the evaluation of
As described above, the inventors of the present invention obtains a knowledge that under the condition for the evaluation of
The data shown in
(3) Discussion
From the above experimental results, it was found that, by keeping the oxygen concentration in a prescribed range and by increasing the temperature of the surface of the sample 308 (etched surface), and by raising the pressure in the reaction chamber 301, it is possible to increase the etching rate in thermal etching. For example, as shown in
Based on the above experimental results, the inventors conducted the following examination on the differences of the mechanism between thermal etching and plasma etching.
(Regarding Oxygen Concentration)
In case of etching HfO2 as a deposit, it is necessary to allow a process of severing Hf—O bond, producing a reaction product of high vapor pressure, and removing off such a reaction product to the ambient. In order to allow this process to proceed, first of all, in order to sever the Hf—O bond, it is necessary to generate a new bond having a bonding force that is larger than that of the Hf—O bond.
When cleaning gas containing BCl3 heated or excited by plasma is supplied into a processing chamber in which HfO2 has been deposited, Cl is released from the BCl3 as shown by the formula (4) below. Then, O is withdrawn from the Hf—O bond constituting HfO2 to form B—O bond, and also HfCl4, BOCl, and (BOCl)3 having high volatile properties are produced, and by volatilizing (isolating) such a reaction product, the etching reaction is allowed to proceed.
HfO2+2BCl3→HfO2+2BCl+4Cl→HfCl4+2(BOCl) (4)
It should be noted that, in some cases, the etching reaction is restrained by formation of a protective film of BxCly on the surface of the HfO2 during the progress of the etching reaction described above. In such cases, in the case of thermal etching, as shown in
2BCl3+O→BOCl+BCl+4Cl (5)
However, when O2 is excessively mixed in BCl3, as shown in
2BCl3+30→B2O3+6Cl (6)
Note that in case of the plasma etching, as shown in
BCl3→BCl+2Cl (7)
As shown in
(Regarding the Chamber Pressure)
In case of the thermal etching, as shown in
In contrast, in case of the plasma etching, as shown in
As described above, when etching gas containing BCl3 and O2 is used, the etching mechanism differs considerably between thermal etching and plasma etching, thus largely differentiating the etching characteristics also. Accordingly, it can be said that the thermal etching and the plasma etching leverage different etching mechanism from each other, although they are etching by using the same etching gas.
Examples of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings. (1) Construction of the Wafer Processing Apparatus
First, a constitutional example of a wafer processing apparatus 101 for implementing the wafer processing step in the step of manufacturing a semiconductor device will be described with reference to
As shown in
The cassette 110 is placed by the in-process loading device on the cassette stage 114 so that the wafer 200 in the cassette 110 set in a vertical posture, and the wafer loading/unloading port of the cassette 110 is directed upward. The cassette stage 114 is constructed so as to rotate the cassette 110 by 90 degrees vertically backward in the casing 111, set the wafer 200 in the cassette 110 in a horizontal posture, and make the wafer loading/unloading port of the cassette 110 directed backward in the casing 111.
Cassette shelves (substrate storage container placement shelves) 105 are installed in a substantially center portion in the longitudinal direction of the casing 111. The cassette shelves 105 are constructed so as to store plural cassettes 110 in multiple stages and in multiple rows. A transfer shelf 123 of a wafer transfer mechanism 125, to be described later, is disposed on these cassette shelves 105, on which a cassette 110, being loaded, is accommodated. In addition, a spare cassette shelf 107 is provided above the cassette stage 114, so as to store the cassette 110 auxiliary.
A cassette transport device (substrate storage container loading device) 118 is provided between the cassette stage 114 and the cassette shelf 105. The cassette transfer device 118 includes a cassette elevator (substrate storage container elevating mechanism) capable of elevating the cassette 110 in a state of holding the cassette 110, and a caste transfer mechanism (substrate storage container transfer mechanism), being a transfer mechanism, that can be move horizontally in a state of holding the cassette 110. By sequential operation of the cassette elevator 118a and the cassette transfer mechanism 118b, the cassette 110 is transferred among the cassette stage 114, the cassette shelf 105, the spare cassette shelf 107, and the transfer shelf 123.
A wafer transfer mechanism (substrate transfer mechanism) 125 is disposed behind the cassette shelf 105. The wafer transfer mechanism 125 is comprised of a wafer transfer device (substrate transfer device) 125a, which is capable of moving a wafer 200 linearly in the horizontal direction without rotation, and a wafer transfer device elevator (substrate transfer device elevating mechanism) 125b, which is capable of moving the wafer transfer device 125a upward/downward. The wafer transfer device 125a includes tweezers (substrate holding bodies) 125c that hold the wafer 200 in a horizontal posture. By sequential operation of these wafer transfer device 125a and wafer transfer device elevator 125b, the wafer 200 is picked up from the inside of the cassette 110 on the transfer shelf 123, and is charged into a boat (substrate holding tool) 217, as described later, and the wafer 200 is discharged from the boat 217 and is stored in the cassette 110 on the transfer shelf 123.
A processing furnace 202 is provided above the rear part of the casing 111. An opening is provided in the bottom part of the processing furnace 202, so as to be opened/closed by a furnace port shutter (furnace port opening/closing mechanism) 147. The construction of the processing furnace 202 is described later.
A boat elevator (substrate holding tool elevation mechanism) 115, being the elevation mechanism for elevating/lowering and loading/unloading the boat 217 into/outside of the processing furnace 202, is provided at the lower part of the processing furnace 202. A linking tool constituted by an arm 128 as a connector is provided on the elevating/lowering table of the boat elevator 115. The boat 217 is vertically supported on the arm 128, and a seal cap 219 is provided in a horizontal posture, as a cover that seals the bottom portion of the processing furnace 202 leak free when the boat 217 is elevated by the boat elevator 115.
The boat 217 includes plural holding members, so that plural wafers 200 (for example, 50 to 150 wafers) are held in a horizontal posture, and stacked vertically in multiple stages, with these centers thereof aligned.
A cleaning unit 134a having a blower fan and a particle filter is provided above the cassette shelf 105. The cleaning unit 134a is designed to circulate clean air, being a cleaned fresh air, into the casing 111.
In addition, the cleaning unit (not shown) to supply clean air, having the blower fan and the particle filter, is installed on the left side end portion of the casing 111 on the opposite side of the wafer transfer device elevator 125b and the boat elevator 115. The clean air blown out from the aforementioned cleaning unit, not shown, is circulated through the wafer transfer device 125a and the boat 217, which is then sucked into an exhaust device, not shown, and is exhausted to outside of the casing 111.
(2) Operation of the Wafer Processing Apparatus
Next, the operation of the wafer processing apparatus 101 according to this embodiment of the present invention will be described.
First, before the cassette 110 is placed on the cassette stage 114, the cassette loading/unloading port 112 is opened by means of the front shutter 113. Thereafter, the cassette 110 is loaded from the cassette loading/unloading port 112 by the in-process unloaded device, and is thereby placed on the cassette stage 114, so that the wafer 200 is set in a vertical posture and the wafer loading/unloading port is directed upward. After this, the cassette 110 is rotated by 90° in the vertical direction backward in the casing 111, by means of the cassette stage 114. As a result, the wafer 200 in the cassette 110, is assumably set in a horizontal posture and the wafer loading/unloading port of the cassette 110 is directed backward in the casing 111.
Next, the cassette 110 is automatically loaded and transferred to a designated shelf position of the cassette shelf 105 or the spare cassette shelf 107 by the cassette transport device 118, so as to be temporarily stored therein, before being moved onto the transfer shelf 123 from the cassette shelf 105 or the spare cassette shelf 107, or is directly transported to the transfer shelf 123.
When the cassette 110 is moved on the handling shelf 123, wafers 200 are picked up from the cassette 110 through the wafer loading/unloading port by the tweezers 125c of the wafer transfer device 125a, and are charged into the boat 217 behind the handling chamber 124, by sequential operation of the wafer transfer device 125a and wafer transfer device elevator 125b. After the wafer transfer mechanism 125 has transferred a wafer 200 to the boat 217, the wafer transfer mechanism 125 returns to the cassette 110 and charges the next wafer 200 into the boat 217.
When a pre-determined number of wafers 200 has been charged into the boat 217, the bottom of the processing furnace 202, which had been closed by the furnace port shutter 147, is then opened by the furnace port shutter 147. Subsequently, the boat 217, held with a group of wafers 200 therein, is loaded into the processing furnace 202 by elevating the seal cap 219 by the boat elevator 115. After loading the boat 217, an arbitrary processing is applied to the wafer 200 in the processing furnace 202. Such processing will be described later. After such a processing, the wafer 200 and the cassette 110 are discharged to the outside of the casing 111, in the opposite procedure to the aforementioned procedure.
(3) Framework of the Processing Furnace
Next, the framework of the processing furnace 202 having the wafer processing apparatus 101 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to
As shown in
A process tube 203, being a reaction tube, is disposed concentrically inside of the heater 207. The process tube 203 is made of a thermally stable material such as quartz (SiO2) or silicon carbide (SiC) and is formed in cylindrical shape, with its upper end closed and its lower end opened. A processing chamber 201 for applying processing of depositing a high dielectric film on the wafer 200, being the substrate, is formed in a hollow part of the process tube 203. The processing chamber 201 is constituted, so that the wafers 200 can be stored in a horizontal posture on the boat, and stacked vertically in a multilevel manner.
A manifold (throat flange part) 209 is concentrically disposed in the lower part of the process tube 203. The manifold 209 is made of for example stainless and is formed in cylindrical shape with its top end and bottom end opened. The manifold 209 is engaged with the process tube 203 and is arranged so as to support the process tube 203. An O ring 220a is provided between the manifold 209 and process tube 203, as a sealing member. By supporting the manifold 209 on the heater base, the process tube 203 is installed vertically. A reaction container is formed by the process tube 203 and manifold 209.
A film depositing gas supply system (processing gas supply system) and a cleaning gas supply system are respectively connected to the manifold 209. Note that the film depositing gas supply system is a system of supplying the gas for a depositing film (processing gas) to form the high dielectric film as a high dielectric material, and the cleaning gas supply system is a system of supplying the cleaning gas into the processing chamber 201 to remove the deposit including the high dielectric film deposited on the inside of the processing chamber 201. The deposition gas supply system is constructed so as to supply a film deposition material and an oxidant into the processing chamber 201 as film depositing gas. Also, the cleaning gas supply system is constituted so as to supply halide gas and additive gas, being etching gas, into the processing chamber 201 as cleaning gas.
Specifically, in the manifold 209, a first nozzle 233a as a first gas inlet section and a second nozzle 233b as a second gas inlet section are connected respectively so as to communicate with the inside the processing chamber 201. A first gas supply pipe 232a and second gas supply pipe 232b are connected respectively to the first nozzle 233a and the second nozzle 233b. Also, a third gas supply pipe 232c and fourth gas supply pipe 232d are connected respectively to the first gas supply pipe 232a and the second gas supply pipe 232b. In this way, there are provided four gas supply pipes 232a, 232b, 232c, 232d and two nozzles 233a, 233b, as a gas supply path that supplies plural types of gas, in this case, four types of gas, into the processing chamber 201. A deposition gas supply system is constituted by the first gas supply pipe 232a and second gas supply pipe 232b. A cleaning gas supply system is constituted by the third gas supply pipe 232c and fourth gas supply pipe 232d.
In the first gas supply pipe 232a, a first mass flow controller 241a as a flow rate controller (flow rate control unit), a vaporizer 250, and a first valve 243a as the open/close valve, are provided sequentially from the upstream direction. The first mass flow controller 241a is constructed as a liquid mass flow controller that controls the flow rate of liquid raw material, being the deposition raw material, which remains liquid phase at room temperature. Also, a first inert gas supply pipe 234a that supplies inert gas is connected to more downstream side of the first valve 243a of the first gas supply pipe 232a. A third mass flow controller 241c as the flow rate controller (flow rate control unit), and a third valve 243c as the open/close valve are provided sequentially from the upstream direction of the first inert gas supply pipe 234a. In addition, the aforementioned first nozzle 233a is connected to the tip end portion (downstream end portion) of the first gas supply pipe 232a. The first nozzle 233a is provided along the inner wall from the bottom to an upper part of the process tube 203, and along a stacking direction of the wafers 200, in the arcuate space between the inner wall of the process tube 203 and the wafer 200 constituting the processing chamber 201. First gas supply holes 248a, being supply holes for supplying gas, are provided on the side face of the first nozzle 233a. The first gas supply holes 248a, provided all along, have the same opening areas respectively and are furthermore provided at the same opening pitch.
A second mass flow controller 241b as a flow rate control device (flow rate controller), and a second valve 243b as the open/close valve, are provided at the second gas supply pipe 232b sequentially from upstream direction. In addition, a second inert gas supply pipe 234b for supplying inert gas is connected to more downstream side of the second valve 243b of the second gas supply pipe 232b. A fourth mass flow controller 241d as the flow rate control device (flow rate control unit), and a fourth valve 243d as the open/close valve, are provided at this second inert gas supply pipe 234b sequentially from the upstream direction. In addition, the aforementioned second nozzle 233b is connected to the tip end portion (downstream end portion) of the second gas supply pipe 232b. The second nozzle 233b is provided along the inner wall of the process tube 203 from the bottom to the upper part of the process tube 203, and along the stacking direction of the wafers 200, in the arcuate space between the inner wall of the process tube 203 and the wafer 200 constituting the processing chamber 201. Second gas supply holes 248b, being the supply holes for supplying gas, are provided on the side face of the second nozzle 233b. The second gas supply holes 248b, provided all along, have the same opening areas respectively and are provided at the same opening pitch. The aforementioned third gas supply pipe 232c is connected to the more downstream side of a connection part between the first gas supply pipe 232a and the first inert gas supply pipe 234a. A fifth mass flow controller 241e as the flow rate control device (flow rate control unit) and a fifth valve 243e as the open/close valve, are provided at the third gas supply pipe 232c sequentially from the upstream direction.
The aforementioned fourth gas supply pipe 232d is connected to the more downstream side of the connection part between the second gas supply pipe 232b and the second inert gas supply pipe 234b. A sixth mass flow controller 241f as the flow rate controller (flow rate control unit) and a sixth valve 243f as the open/close valve are provided at the fourth gas supply pipe 232d sequentially from the upper stream direction.
From the first gas supply pipe 232a, for example, hafnium source gas obtained by vaporizing TEMAH (Hf[(C2H5(CH3)N]4, tetrakis-ethylmethylamino-hafnium), being a organic hafnium material, is supplied into the processing chamber 201 through the first mass flow controller 241a, the vaporizer 250, the first valve 243a, and the first nozzle 233a, as a film forming material for deposit a high dielectric film composed of a high dielectric material.
Also, from the second gas supply pipe 232b, oxidizing agent, for example, ozone gas (O3) is supplied into the processing chamber 201 through the second mass flow controller 241b, second valve 243b and second nozzle 233b.
Also, from the third gas supply pipe 232c, boron trichloride (BCl3) gas, being a halide gas, is supplied into the processing chamber 201 through the fifth mass flow controller 241e, the fifth valve 243e, the first gas supply pipe 232a, and the first nozzle 233a, as the cleaning gas(etching gas).
Also, from the fourth gas supply pipe 232d, for example, oxygen gas (O2), being an additive agent of the halide gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201, through the sixth mass flow controller 241f, the sixth valve 243f, the second gas supply pipe 232b, and the second nozzle 233b.
It should be noted that, when these gases are supplied into the processing chamber 201, inert gas may be simultaneously supplied into the first gas supply pipe 232a through the third mass flow controller 241c and third valve 243c, from the first inert gas supply pipe 234a, and from the second inert gas supply pipe 234b, inert gas may be supplied into the second gas supply pipe 232b through the fourth mass flow controller 241d and fourth valve 243d. Dilution of the aforementioned each gas and purging of unused piping may be performed by supply of this inert gas.
In the manifold 209, there is provided an exhaust pipe 231 that exhausts air in the processing chamber 201. A vacuum pump 246 as a vacuum exhaust device is connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 231, namely to the opposite side of the side connected to the manifold 209,through a pressure sensor 245 as a pressure detector and an APC (Auto Pressure Controller) valve 242 as a pressure adjuster. Therefore, the exhaust pipe 231 is designed to exhaust the inside of the processing chamber 201, so that the pressure inside of the processing chamber 201 (chamber pressure) reaches a prescribed value. Note that the APC valve 242 is the control valve designed to keep the pressure of the inside of the processing chamber 201 by opening and closing the valve constant by adjusting a valve opening degree.
As described above, a seal cap 219 is provided below the manifold 209, as a cover that seals leak free a bottom opening of the manifold 209. The seal cap 219 is arranged so as to be abutted on the bottom of the manifold 209 from beneath in the vertical direction. The seal cap 219 is formed in disc shape, made for example of a metal such as stainless steel. An O-ring 220b as a sealing member that abuts on the bottom of the manifold 209 is provided on the top surface of the seal cap 219. A rotating mechanism 267 that rotates the boat 217 is provided on the opposite side of the seal cap 219 on the basis of the processing chamber 201. A rotary shaft 255 penetrates the seal cap 219 and is connected to the boat 217. By operating (rotating) the rotation mechanism 267, the boat 217 and the wafer 200 are rotated. The seal cap 219 is enabled to move up and down by the boat elevator 115, being the elevation mechanism installed vertically outside of the process tube 203. By moving the boat elevator 115 up and down, the boat 217 can be loaded/unloaded into/from the processing chamber 201.
The boat 217 is made of thermally stable materials such as quartz or silicon carbide, and as described above, is constituted to hold plural wafers 200 in a horizontal posture arranged in multiple stages, with centers aligned with one another. Note that a heat insulating member 218 made of thermally stable materials such as quartz or silicon carbide is provided at a lower part of the boat 217, so that heat from the heater 207 is hardly transmitted to the side of the seal cap 219. Note that the heat insulating member 218 may be constituted of plural heat insulating boards made of thermally stable such as quartz or silicon carbide, and a heat insulating board holder for supporting them in a horizontal posture in multiple stages.
As shown in
Also, the processing furnace 202 according to this embodiment includes a controller 280 constituting a control part (control unit). The controller 280 is connected to for example the first to sixth mass flow controllers 241a, 241b, 241c, 241d, 241e, and 241f, first to sixth valves 243a, 243b, 243c, 243d, 243e, and 243f, the vaporizer 250, the APC valve 242, the heater 207, the vacuum pump 246, the rotating mechanism 267 and the boat elevator 115. The controller 280 is constructed so as to perform for example flow rate adjustment of the first to sixth mass flow controllers 241a, 241b, 241c, 241d, 241e, and 241f, open/close operation of the first to sixth valves 243a, 243b, 243c, 243d, 243e, and 243f, vaporization operation of the vaporizer 250, opening/closing and pressure adjustment operation of the APC valve 242, temperature adjustment of the heater 207, ON/OFF of the vacuum pump 246, adjustment of operation speed of the rotating mechanism 267, and adjustment of for example elevation/lowering operation of the boat elevator 115.
(4) Method of Depositing High Dielectric Constant Film and Cleaning Method
Next, a method of depositing a high dielectric constant film made of high dielectric constant material on a wafer 200 in the processing chamber 201, as a step in the manufacturing steps of a semiconductor device using the processing furnace 202 of the wafer processing apparatus 101 described above, and a method of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber 201 will be described. An example of a deposition method will be described in which a hafnium oxide film (HfO2, hafnia) is deposited as a high dielectric constant film on a wafer 200 by the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method, using TEMAH, which is a hafnium organic material, as the deposition source material and using ozone gas (O3) as oxidizing agent. Also, an example of a cleaning method will be described in which cleaning of the inside of the processing chamber 201 is performed by a thermo-chemical reaction using BCl3 gas and O2 gas as the cleaning gas. It should be noted that, in the following description, the operation of the various sections constituting the wafer processing apparatus 101 is controlled by means of the controller 280.
First, a method of depositing a high dielectric constant film made of high dielectric constant material on a wafer 200 in the processing chamber 201 will be described.
The ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method is a kind of deposition technique especially for a thinner film by supplying each of reactive gases alternatively constituting at least two types of source material onto a substrate under suitably prepared deposition conditions(substrate temperature and time etc) and depositing a monolayer sequentially based on the chemical-adsorption reaction onto the underlayer. At this time, the film thickness is controlled by the number of cycles of supplying the reactive gas. For example, detailed explanation therefore will be given hereunder.
After plural wafers 200 are charged into the boat 217 (wafer charging), as shown in
The inside of the processing chamber 201 is evacuated by means of the vacuum pump 246, so as to reach a desired chamber pressure. Here as elsewhere, at this time, the pressure in the processing chamber 201 is measured by means of the pressure sensor 245 and feedback control of the APC valve 242 is performed in accordance with this measured pressure. Also, the inside of the processing chamber 201 is heated by means of the heater 207 so that it becomes a desired temperature. Feedback control of the current passed to the heater 207 is performed based on temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 263, so that a desired temperature distribution within the processing chamber 201 is achieved. Next, the wafers 200 are rotated by rotating the boat 217 by means of the rotating mechanism 267. After this, the four steps described below are successively executed. Note that the variation without the rotation of the boat 217, namely, the wafer 200 is also possible.
(Step 1)
The first valve 243a of the first gas supply pipe 232a and the third valve 243c of the first inert gas supply pipe 234a are opened, and TEMAH as a source material is fed to the first gas supply pipe 232a, and inert gas (N2) as a carrier gas is fed to the first inert gas supply pipe 234a. The inert gas flows from the first inert gas supply pipe 234a and its flow rate is adjusted by the third mass flow controller 241c. The TEMAH is fed from the first gas supply pipe 232a, with its flow rate adjusted in a liquid state by the first mass flow controller 241a, being a liquid mass flow controller, and is vaporized by the vaporizer 250, which is then mixed with the inert gas, with its flow rate adjusted, and is supplied into the processing chamber 201 from the first gas supply hole 248a of the first nozzle 233a, while being exhausted from the exhaust pipe 231. At this time, the pressure in the processing chamber 201 is maintained in a range from 13.3 to 1330 Pa, for example at 300 Pa, by properly adjusting the APC valve 242. The rate of supply of TEMAH, which is controlled by the first mass flow controller 241a, which is a liquid mass flow controller, is set maintained in a range from 0.01 to 0.1 g/min, and for example, set at 0.05 g/min. The period for which the wafers 200 are exposed to TEMAH is maintained in a range from 30 to 180 seconds, and for example set at 60 seconds. At this time, the temperature of the heater is set, so that the temperature of the wafer 200 is set in a range from 180 to 250° C., and for example, set at 250° C. By supplying the TEMAH into the processing chamber 201, surface reaction occurs between the TEMAH and a surface portion of an underground film on the wafer 200, and the TEMAH is chemically adsorbed thereon.
(Step 2)
Supply of TEMAH is stopped by closing the first valve 243a of the first gas supply pipe 232a. At this point, the APC valve 242 of the exhaust pipe 231 is left open and the inside of the processing chamber 201 is exhausted by the vacuum pump 246, until the pressure inside reaches 20 Pa or less, and the residual TEMAH gas is discharged from the inside of the processing chamber 201. At this time, when the inert gas such as N2 is supplied into the processing chamber 201, the efficiency of removing the residual TEMAH gas is further enhanced.
(Step 3)
The second valve 243b of the second gas supply pipe 232b and the fourth valve 243d of the second inert gas supply pipe 234b are opened, and O3 as an oxidizing agent is fed to the second inert gas supply pipe 232b, and the inert gas (N2) as a carrier gas is fed to the second inert gas supply pipe 234b. The inert gas is fed from the second inert gas supply pipe 234b and its flow rate is adjusted by the fourth mass flow controller 241d. O3 is fed from the second gas supply pipe 232b, with its flow rate adjusted by the second mass flow controller 241b, then is mixed with the inert gas, whose flow rate has been adjusted, and is supplied into the processing chamber 201 from the second gas supply hole 248b while being exhausted from the exhaust pipe 231. At this time, the APC valve 242 is suitably adjusted and the pressure in the processing chamber 201 is maintained in a range from 13.3 to 1330 Pa, for example maintained at 70 Pa. The supply rate of O3 controlled by the second mass flow controller 241b is set in a range from 0.1 to 10 slm, and for example set at 0.5 slm. Note that the time required for exposing the wafer 200 to O3 is set in a range from 1 to 300 seconds, and for example set at 40 seconds. The temperature of the heater 207 is set for example at 250° C., so that the temperature of the wafer at this time is set in a range from 180 to 250° C., similarly to the time of supplying the TEMAH gas of step 1. By supplying O3, HfO2 film is deposited on the wafers 200 by a surface reaction of O3 and the TEMAH which is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the wafers 200.
(Step 4)
Immediately after deposition step is finished, the second valve 243b of the second gas supply pipe 232b is closed, and the supply of O3 is stopped. At this time, the APC valve 242 of the exhaust pipe 231 is left open and the inside of the processing chamber 201 is exhausted by the vacuum pump 246 until the pressure reaches 20 pa or less, and the residual O3 is discharged from the inside of the processing chamber 201. At this time, when the inert gas such as N2 is supplied into the processing chamber 201, the efficiency of discharging the residual O3 is further enhanced.
The aforementioned steps 1 to 4 are set as one cycle, and by repeating this cycle plural times, the HfO2 film of a prescribed thickness can be deposited on the wafers 200.
After the HfO2 film of a prescribed thickness is deposited, the inside of the processing chamber 201 is evacuated and then is then purged by supplying and exhausting the inert gas such as N2. After purging the inside of the processing chamber 201, the gas inside of the processing chamber 201 is replaced with the inert gas such as N2 and the pressure in the processing chamber 201 is restored to atmospheric pressure.
Thereafter, the seal cap 219 is lowered by the boat elevator 115, thereby opening the bottom of the manifold 209, and the processed wafer 200 is unloaded to the outside of the process tube 203 from the bottom of the manifold 209, being held by the boat 217. Thereafter, the processed wafer 200 is discharged from the boat 217.
Next, a method of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber 201 will be described.
When the above deposition process is repeated, thick film is deposited on for example the inner wall of the process tube 203. Hereof, at the time point when the thickness of the film deposited on this inner wall reaches a prescribed thickness, cleaning inside of the process tube 203 is performed. This cleaning is performed as follows.
First, an empty boat 217, namely the boat 217 having no wafer 200 charged therein is lifted by the boat elevator 115, and is loaded into the processing chamber 201 (boat loading). In this sequence, the seal cap 219 is the sealed bottom of the manifold 209 by means of the O-ring 220b.
Subsequently, the inside of the processing chamber 201 is exhausted by the vacuum pump 246 so that the pressure reaches a prescribed value. At this time, the pressure inside of the processing chamber is measured by the pressure sensor 245, and feedback-control of the APC valve 242 is performed based on the measured pressure data. Also, the inside of the processing chamber 201 is heated by the heater 207 so that it reaches a desired temperature. Here as elsewhere, feedback control of the current passed to the heater 207 is performed based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 263, so that a desired temperature distribution is achieved within the processing chamber 201. Next, the boat 217 is rotated by the rotating mechanism 254. Note that the variation without the rotation of the boat 217 is also possible.
Subsequently, the fifth valve 243e of the third gas supply pipe 232c is opened, and the cleaning gas, namely, BCl3, being the halide gas, is fed as an etching gas. The BCl3 is fed from the third gas supply pipe 232c, with its flow rate adjusted by the fifth mass flow controller 241e, then is passed through the first gas supply pipe 232a, and is supplied into the processing chamber 201 from the first gas supply hole 248a of the first nozzle 233a.
The etching gas may be used in a concentration diluted with inert gas such as N2 from 100% to about 20%. If the third valve 243c of the first inert gas supply pipe 234a is also open, the etching gas is enabled to use in a diluted form with inert gas such as N2 in a concentration from 100% to about 20%. The inert gas flows from the first inert gas supply pipe 234a, and its flow rate is adjusted by the third mass flow controller 241c. The BCl3 flows from the third gas supply pipe 232c, and its flow rate is adjusted by the fifth mass flow controller 241e, and is mixed with the inert gas, whose flow rate has been adjusted, in the first gas supply pipe 232a and is supplied into the processing chamber 201 from the first gas supply holes 248a of the first nozzle 233a.
Also, in order to add O2, being the oxidizing agent, to BCl3, being the halide gas as the etching gas, the sixth valve 243f of the fourth gas supply pipe 232d is also set in an open state. O2 flows from the fourth gas supply pipe 232d, with its flow rate adjusted by the sixth mass flow controller 241f, passes through the second gas supply pipe 232b, and is supplied into the processing chamber 201 from the second gas supply holes 248b of the second nozzle 233b. The O2 is mixed in the processing chamber 201 with BCl3 or inert gas.
During this process, supply of BCl3 and/or O2 into the processing chamber 201 and exhaust from the exhaust pipe 231 are intermittently performed. Specifically, cleaning is performed by cyclic etching as explained in
(Step C1)
Evacuation of the processing chamber 201 is performed according to the opening level of the APC valve 242. When the pressure inside of the processing chamber 201 reaches the first value, the APC valve 242 is closed. The exhaust system is thereby halted.
(Step C2)
In this state, namely in a state that the pressure in the processing chamber 201 reaches a first value by closing the APC valve 242, the fifth valve 243e and sixth valve 243f are opened and BCl3 and O2 are supplied for a constant time into the processing chamber 201. At this point, the etching gas may be diluted by opening the third valve 243c and supplying inert gas such as N2 into the processing chamber of 201. When the pressure in the processing chamber 201 reaches a second value, the fifth valve 243e and sixth valve 243f are closed and supply of BCl3 and O2 into the processing chamber 201 is stopped. If at this point inert gas such as N2 is supplied, the third valve 243c is also closed and supply of inert gas into the processing chamber 201 is thereby also stopped. The supply system is thereby halted. At this point, all of the valves i.e. the first to sixth valves 243a, 243b, 243c, 243d, 243e, 243f, and the APC valve 242 are set in a closed state. That is, the gas supply system and evacuation system are both set in a sealed state. Inside the processing chamber 201 is thereby sealed, and the BCl3 and O2 are encapsulated in the processing chamber 201.
(Step C3)
This state, i.e. a state in which the processing chamber 201 is sealed and BCl3 and O2 are encapsulated into the processing chamber 201 by stopping the gas supply system and exhaust system, is maintained for a prescribed time.
(Step C4)
After the prescribed time is passed, the APC valve 242 is opened and the inside of the processing chamber 201 is exhausted through the exhaust pipe 231. Thereafter, the third valve 243c or the fourth valve 243d is opened, then the inside of the processing chamber 201 is exhausted from the exhaust pipe 231 while supplying the inert gas such as N2 into the processing chamber 201, and a gas purge of the inside of the processing chamber 201 is performed.
The aforementioned steps C1 to C4 is set as one cycle, and cleaning process by cycle etching is performed by repeating this cycle a prescribed number of times. In this way, when cleaning, the step of closing the APC valve 242 for a fixed time and the step of opening the APC valve 242 for a fixed time are repeated a prescribed number of times. In other words, open/close of the APC valve 242 is repeated intermittently a prescribed number of times. According to the cleaning by cyclic etching, by confirming an etching amount per one cycle, the amount of etching can be controlled by the number of cycles. In addition, the amount of gas consumption can be reduced compared with a system in which cleaning is performed by continuously flowing the etching gas.
The BCl3 or O2 that is introduced into the processing chamber 201 is dispersed in an entire body of the processing chamber 201 and comes into contact with deposits including a high dielectric constant film deposited in the processing chamber 201, namely, on the inner wall of the process tube 203 or on the boat. At this time, a thermo-chemical reaction occurs between the deposits and the BCl3 and/or O2, and a reaction product is thereby generated. The reaction product thus generated is exhausted to the outside of the processing chamber 201 from the exhaust pipe 231. In this way, the deposit is removed (etched), and the cleaning of the inside of the processing chamber 201 is performed.
When the above cycle has been performed a predetermined number of times, the inside of the processing chamber 201 is evacuated and then is exhausted while supplying the inert gas such as N2 into the processing chamber 201, thus purging the inside of the processing chamber 201. After purging the inside of the processing chamber 201, the air in the processing chamber 201 is replaced with the inert gas such as N2.
Processing conditions of the aforementioned cleaning by cycle etching are as follows:
Processing temperature: 300 to 600° C., preferably 400 to 450° C.;
First pressure value: 1.33 to 13300 Pa;
Second pressure value: 13.3 to 66500 Pa, preferably 13300 to 26600 Pa;
Supply of rate Supply rate of BCl3: 0.1 to 10 slm;
Supply of rate Supply rate of O2: 0.1 to 10 slm;
Oxygen concentration (O2/(BCl3+O2)): less than 7%, preferably 3% or more and 5% or less and more preferably 4% or less;
Gas supply time (transient time): 0.1 to 15 min;
Gas encapsulating time (encapsulating time): 0.1 to 15 min;
Exhaust time: 0.1 to 10 min; and
Number of cycles: 1 to 100 cycles.
The cleaning process is performed by maintaining a specific value of each cleaning condition within each range.
When the cleaning of the inside of the processing chamber 201 is completed, as described above, the deposition of the high dielectric constant film is performed again on the wafer 200. Specifically, a boat 217 charged with plural Wafers 200 is loaded into the processing chamber 201 and the steps 1 to 4 are repeated to deposit the high dielectric constant film on the wafers 200, the boat 217 charged with the processed wafers 200 is then unloaded from the processing chamber 201. Note that the deposition of the high dielectric constant film is repeated, and when the thickness of the film deposited on the inner wall, etc, of the process tube 203 reaches a prescribed thickness, the aforementioned cleaning is performed again.
(5) Advantage of These Examples
According to these examples, one or more advantages given hereunder are exhibited.
In the cleaning method according to these examples, the cleaning of the inside of the process tube 203 is performed at the point when the thickness of the film deposited on the inner wall, etc, of the process tube 203 reaches a prescribed thickness, and then the deposit including the HfO2 film deposited on the inside of the processing chamber 201 is removed. As a result, it is possible to prevent such a case that during depositing the film, the deposit on the inside of the processing chamber 201 is peeled off and is fallen on the processing substrate if the worst situation happens and included into the HfO2 film.
Further, in the cleaning method according to these examples, the cleaning gas is activated only by heat without using plasma, thereby proceeds etching the deposit on the inside of the processing chamber 201. Namely, a plasma generating source for activating the cleaning gas is not required to be prepared additionally in the processing apparatus, thus making it possible to reduce a manufacturing cost of the processing apparatus and a manufacturing cost of the semiconductor device.
In addition, in the cleaning method according to these examples, when the cleaning by thermal etching is performed, the conditions such as the oxygen concentration, the processing temperature, and the pressure are set in the aforementioned range. The etching rate for the HfO2 can be increased, and the deposit including the HfO2 film on the inside of the processing chamber 201 can be removed at a high rate. In addition, in the cleaning method according to these examples, the etching is performed by maintaining a state of encapsulating the cleaning gas in the processing chamber 201 for a prescribed time. Namely, after the cleaning gas is supplied into the processing chamber 201, the gas supply system and the exhaust system are halted, and supply and exhaust of the cleaning gas are temporarily stopped. As a result, a use amount of the cleaning gas can be reduced.
Also, in the cleaning method according to this embodiment), etching is performed by intermittently supplying/exhausting the cleaning gas. Namely, the steps C1 to C4 are set as one cycle, and the cleaning is performed by repeating this cycle plural number of times. Therefore, by previously confirming the etching amount per one cycle, a total etching amount can be accurately controlled based on the number of cycles.
In addition, in the cleaning method according to these examples, the encapsulating time of the cleaning gas is set in the aforementioned range. As a result, the etching rate for every cycle can be stabilized, thus making it possible to more accurately control the total etching amount based on the number of cycles.
In addition, in the cleaning method of these examples, the processing temperature is set in the aforementioned range. Therefore, as described above, by increasing the processing temperature in the thermal etching using the cleaning gas, the selectivity of the etching rate (etching rate of the HfO2 film/etching rate of the quartz glass) can be increased. That is, damage to the process tube 203 constituting the processing chamber 201 can be reduced.
<Other Example of the Invention>
In the aforementioned examples, explanation is given for the case of depositing the HfOy (hafnium oxide) film as the high dielectric constant film. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition to this example, the present invention can also be applied to a case of depositing ZrOy(zirconium oxide) film, AlxOy(aluminum oxide)film, HfSixOy(hafnium silicate)film, HfAlxOy(hafnium aluminate) film, ZrSixOy(zirconium silicate)film and ZrAlxOy(zirconium aluminate film)film (where x and y are integers or decimals larger than 0).
Also, in the above examples, explanation was given for the case of forming the high dielectric constant film by the ALD method. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a case of depositing the high dielectric constant film by the CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, and particularly by the MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
Also, in the aforementioned examples, explanation was given for the case of using BCl3 as the halide gas. However, as the halide gas, in addition to BCl3, gases such as HCl, Cl2, SiCl4, HBr, BBr3, SiBr4 or Br2 may be used. Also, as the halide gas, it is preferable to select one or more gases from a group consisting of BCl3, HCl, Cl2, SiCl4, HBr, BBr3, SiBr4 and Br2, from a viewpoint that they have a property of easily converting the high dielectric constant oxide material into a highly volatile compound. Among such gases, BCl3 is more preferable from the viewpoint that it has a reducing property of or a property of withdrawing oxygen. By using the halide gas, debris or deposits the deposit or an adhesion matter formed of the aforementioned high dielectric constant oxide material can be converted into halogenated compounds (such as HfCl4, HfBr4, AlCl3, AlBr3, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, SiCl4, SiBr4) and these halogenated compounds are highly volatile compounds, and therefore they can be easily removed from the inside of the chamber (processing chamber).
In the aforementioned example, explanation was given for a case of using O2 as an additive agent. However, other than O2, oxygen based gases such as O3, H2O, H2O2, COx, SOx, NxO or NOx (x is an integer of 1 or more) may be used as the additive agent. Also, one or more gases selected from the group consisting of O2, O3, H2O, H2O2, COx, SOx, NxO or Nox (where x is an integer of one or more) is preferable as the oxygen based gas. Among these gases, O2 is more preferable in the point that it can easily generate oxygen.
<Preferred Aspects of the Present Invention>
Preferred aspects of the present invention are described below.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of:
loading a substrate into a processing chamber;
performing processing to deposit a high dielectric constant film on the substrate by supplying processing gas into said processing chamber;
unloading the processed substrate from said processing chamber; and
cleaning an inside of said processing chamber by supplying halide gas and oxygen based gas into said processing chamber, and removing deposits including said high dielectric constant film deposited on said processing chamber;
concentration of said oxygen based gas in said halide gas and said oxygen based gas being set to be less than 7% in the step of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber.
Preferably, in the step of cleaning the inside the processing chamber, the concentration of the oxygen based gas in the halide gas and the oxygen based gas is set at 3% or more and 5% or less. Further preferably, in the step of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber, the concentration of the oxygen based gas in the halide gas and the oxygen based gas is set at 4% or less.
Also preferably, in the step of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber, the step of supplying and encapsulating the halide gas and the oxygen-based gas in the processing chamber, and the step of exhausting the inside of the processing chamber are set as one cycle, and this cycle is repeated plural times.
Also, preferably, in the step of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber, the step of exhausting the inside of the processing chamber and setting the pressure inside of the processing chamber at a first value, and the step of supplying the halide gas and the oxygen-based gas into the processing chamber whose pressure is already set at the first value, so as to set the pressure of the processing chamber at a second value, and in this state, sealing the inside of the processing chamber, thereby encapsulating the halide gas and the oxygen-based gas in the processing chamber, are set as one cycle, and this cycle is repeated plural times.
Also, preferably, in the step of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber, the temperature inside of the processing chamber is set at 400° C. or more and 600° C. or less, and the pressure inside of the processing chamber is set at 13300 Pa or more and 66500 Pa or less.
Also, preferably, in the step of cleaning the inside of the processing chamber, the temperature inside of the processing chamber is set at 400 to 450° C. and the pressure inside of the processing chamber is set at 13300 to 26600 Pa.
Also, preferably, the halide gas is a gas containing boron (B) and a halogen element. More preferably, the halide gas is a gas containing boron (B) and chlorine (Cl). Further preferably, the halide gas is one or more gases selected from the group consisting of BCl3, HCl, Cl2, SiCl4, HBr, BBr3, SiBr4 and Br2. Further preferably, the halide gas is BCl3.
Also, preferably, the oxygen based gas is O2. More preferably, the oxygen based gas is one or more gases selected from the group consisting of O2, O3, H2O, H2O2, COx, SOx, NxO and NOx (where x is an integer of 1 or more). Further preferably, the combination of the halide gas and the oxygen based gas is BCl3 and O2.
Also, preferably, the high dielectric constant film is a film containing at least any one of the elements: hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr) or aluminum (Al). Further preferably, the high dielectric constant film is an oxide film containing at least any one of the elements: hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr) or aluminum (Al).
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing apparatus comprising: a processing chamber in which processing to deposit a high dielectric constant film on a substrate is performed;
a processing gas supply system that supplies into said processing chamber processing gas for depositing the high dielectric constant film;
a cleaning gas supply system that supplies into said processing chamber halide gas and oxygen based gas for cleaning the inside of the processing chamber by removing deposits including the high dielectric constant film deposited on the inside of the processing chamber; and
a controller that controls the cleaning gas supply system, so that the concentration of the oxygen based gas in the halide gas and the oxygen based gas is set to be less than 7% when the inside of the processing chamber is cleaned.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-298552 | Nov 2007 | JP | national |
