Patent Application
20210029526
A communications method and system using a plurality of cellular phones each having an integrated Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for the management of two or more people through the use of a communications network. The method and system provide each user with an integrated handheld cellular/PDA/GPS/phone that has Advanced Communication Software application programs (hereinafter referred to as ACS) and databases used in conjunction with a remote Server that enable a user to quickly establish a communication network of cell phone participants having a common temporary ad hoc network using mobile wireless communication devices.
The invention includes a method and communication system to quickly set up and provide ad hoc, password protected, digital and voice networks to allow a group of people to be able to set up a network easily and rapidly, especially in an emergency situation.
The purpose of a communications system is to transmit digital messages from a source, located at one point, to user destination(s), located at other point(s) some distance away. A communications system is generally comprised of three basic elements: transmitter, information channel and receiver. One form of communication in recent years is cellular phone telephony. A network of cellular communication systems set up around an area such as the United States allows multiple users to talk to each other, either on individual calls or on group calls. Some cellular phone services enable a cellular phone to engage in conference calls with a small number of users. Furthermore, cellular conference calls can be established through 800 number services. Cellular telephony also now includes systems that include GPS navigation that utilizes satellite navigation. These devices thus unite cellular phone technology with navigation information, computer information transmission and receipt of data.
The method and operation of communication devices used herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,031,728 which is hereby incorporated by reference and U.S. Pat. No. 7,630,724.
Military, first responder, and other public and private emergency groups need to be able to set up ad hoc digital and voice networks easily and rapidly. These private networks may be temporary or longer lasting in nature. The users need to be able to rapidly coordinate their activities eliminating the need for pre-entry of data into a web and or identifying others by name, phone numbers or email addresses so that all intended participants that enter the agreed ad hoc network name and password are both digitally and voice interconnected. When a user or users leave the network, no data concerning the network participants need be retained.
Coordinating different organizations at the scene of a disaster presents several problems as there are voice and digital data (text messages) communications that need to be constantly occurring up and down the chain of command. As an example, communications are required from a police chief to a police captain to a police lieutenant to a police sergeant to a policeman and then back up the same chain of command. Digital data exchange of GPS data or other means provides the location component of the units. Digital chat, text messages, white boards and photo video exchange provide extensive collaboration. However, during a disaster, other first responders such as fire departments must become engaged. While the fire department users may have voice and digital data (text messages) communications up and down their chain of command, these individuals do not have the ability to cross communicate necessarily with police units without a substantial degree of immediate coordination. The method and system in accordance with the present invention described herein discloses how digital communications along with Personal Computer (PC) and PDA devices can be used to quickly establish user specific password protected private ad hoc voice and data networks to enable both data and voice communications up and down their chain of command and simultaneously with different, not pre-known, organizations responding to a disaster. The invention defines a method of accomplishing this by providing all personnel that need to communicate with each other with a PC or PDA which are interconnected to a Server using cellular or other communications.
Applicant's communication system and method described herein is embodied in the Advanced Communication Software (ACS) application programs developed by applicant and installed in the integrated PDA/GPS cell phones used herein and remote Servers.
A plurality of Internet Protocol (IP) capable PDA/GPS devices each having ACS application programs and databases provides a communication network in conjunction with a remote Server that provides the ability to: a) establish an ad hoc network of devices so that the devices can either broadcast to a group or selectively transmit to each of the other; each PDA/GPS phone starts by requesting access to the Server and identifying a mutually agreed to network name and password and once granted, reports its GPS position and status; the Server then routes the data to all signed on network participants so that each of the devices exchange location, status and other information; (b) force the received information to the recipient's display and enable the recipient to acquire additional information by touching the display screen at a remote phone's location on the PDA display; (c) make calls to or send data to remote phones by touching their display symbols and selecting the appropriate soft switch; (d) layer a sufficient number of soft switches or buttons on the PDA display to perform the above functions without overlaying the map; and (e) allow a polling mode in each cell phone that permits a user to contact other cell phone users that have a common interest or relationship with a password and identifier for communication and to establish quickly a temporary ad hoc network especially in an emergency.
A communication Server acts as a forwarder for IP communications between any combination of cell phone/PDA users and/or PC based users. Network participant location, identity and status messages are sent to the Server by each user. Network participant entered tracks are also sent to the Server. Because this network participant location and track data is of interest to all the network participants, the Server forwards the data received from one participant to all other participants, causing their displays automatically, without any operator action, to display the received information, thus providing the information necessary for all network participants to know the identity, location and status of all other network participants.
The Server also acts as a forwarder of data addressed from one participant to one or more addressed participants, thus permitting the transmission of free text, preformatted messages, photographs, video, Email and Uniform Resource Locator (URL) data from one network participant to other selected network participants.
The above functions can also be accomplished using peer to peer WiFi, WiMax or other peer to peer communications. However, for use with cellular communications and to assure the level of security that cell phone companies require, a centralized static IP routable Server is used.
The IP Server also fills another role of being a database from which data can be requested by network participants (i.e. maps, satellite images, and the like) or can be pushed to network participants (i.e. symbology and soft switch changes, and the like). The Server is used to establish an ad hoc network within certain groups using an ad hoc event name and password.
This invention provides a method and a system establishing an ad hoc password protected digital and voice network that can be temporarily set up or longer lasting in nature. The invention described herein allows users to rapidly coordinate their activities without having to pre-enter data into a web or identify others by name, E mail addresses or phone numbers. Essentially the users that establish the ad hoc and password protected digital and voice networks are required to enter the Server's IP address and an ad hoc event name and a password. In the case of military and first responders, the name of the user's unit may also be used. This action causes the specific PDA or PC of the user to commence reporting directly to the Server's IP address. Once the Server receives the initial IP message from the user's PDA or PC, the server can commence to exchange data with the user's PDA or PC. The initial IP message may also contain additional data such as a license number and, if desired, a phone number manually entered or automatically acquired by the ACS. The IP address of the PDA and PC unit sending the initial IP message is stored by the Server. The Server then responds with a message notifying the user that his PC/PDA is connected to the Server. The user PDA/PC then reports its GPS location and other status information directly to the Server. This information is retained by the Server even when there are no other devices initially communicating with the Server. When the other user's devices sign on to the Server with the same ad hoc event name and password, the Server software then recognizes all the users and stores their IP addresses in the Server. Thus the Server has all the users IP addresses stored and can pass location and status information among the ad hoc network participants even though the network participants have not entered other network participants' names, phone numbers or email addresses. Thus one of the purposes of the invention is to allow an ad hoc network to be formed on a temporary basis in a rapid manner.
When using the PTT feature, the ACS can enable the network participant to: 1. PTT with all that are in the ad hoc digital network, or 2. PTT with select specific network participants, by touching their symbol(s) and then selecting PTT soft switch or 3. Specify a group of the network participants by assigning their symbols or unit names to a list of network participants and then associating the list with a soft switch whose function is to enable the operator to have PTT communications with all in the list.
Since only one person is transmitting on a PTT voice network at any given time, the receiving network participant's ACS can relate the PTT IP address to the IP address of the unit transmitting his identification on the digital ad hoc network. This information can then be used by the other PTT networked participant's ACS to: 1. flash the transmitting unit's name on their PDA/PC screens or 2. if a photograph has been attached to the ad hoc digital network symbol of the PTT transmitting person, to flash that photograph on the receiving unit's PDA/PC display.
It is an object of this invention to enable each participant in the communication network to join other ad hoc network participants to form an ad hoc digital and voice network with other cell phone users rapidly for coordinating member activities.
In accordance with these and other objects which will become apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method and communication system that joins a communications network of participants using handheld cell phones having integrated PDA and GPS circuitry with ACS application programs that allow a participant having an ACS equipped cell phone to provide an ad hoc and password protected digital and voice network.
A communication Server acts as a forwarder for IP communications between any combination of cell phone/PDA users and/or PC based user. Network participant location, identity and status messages are sent to the Server by each user. Network participant entered tracks are also sent to the Server. Because this data is of interest to all the network participants, the Server forwards the data received from one participant to all other participants, thus providing the information necessary for all network participants to know the identity, location and status of all other network participants.
The Server allows the set up of the ad hoc network with an ad hoc event name and a password.
The Server also acts as a forwarder of data addressed from one participant to one or more addressed participants, thus permitting the transmission of free text, preformatted messages, photographs, video, email and URL data from one network participant to other selected network participants.
Referring now to the drawings and, in particular, to
The heart of the invention lies in the applicant's ACS application programs provided in the device. The ACS programs are activated by clicking on an icon on the display to turn the ACS programs on or off. Mounted within housing 12 as part of the PDA is the display 16 and the CPU. The internal CPU includes databases and software application programs that provide for a geographical map and georeferenced entities that are shown as display portion 16b that includes as part of the display various areas of interest in the particular local map section.
When looking at display 16, the software switches (soft switches) which appear at the very bottom of the display 16d are used to control by touch many of the software driven functions of the cellular phone and PDA. The soft switches are activated through the operator's use of the navigation pad 18, or a small track ball, force stick or similar hardware display cursor pointing device. Alternatively, the operator may choose to activate the software switches by touching the screen with a stylus 14 (or finger) at the switches' 16d locations. When some of the software switches are activated, different software switches appear. The bar display 16d shows the software switches “ZM IN (zoom in),” “ZM OT (zoom out),” “CENT (center)” and “GRAB (pan/grab)” at the bottom of the screen. These software switches enable the operator to perform these functions. The “SWITH (switch)” software switch at the lower right causes a matrix of layered software switches (soft switches) to appear above the bottom row of switches. Through use of the software switches, the operator can also manipulate the geographical map 16b or chart display. When looking at
Also shown on the display screen 16, specifically the geographical display 16b, is a pair of different looking symbols 30 and 34, a small triangle and a small square, which are not labeled. These symbols 30 and 34 can represent communication net participants having cellular phones in the displayed geographical area that are part of the overall cellular phone communications net, each participant having the same device 10 used. The latitude and longitude of symbol 30 is associated within a database with a specific cell phone number and, if available, its IP address and email address. The screen display 16b, which is a touch screen, provides x and y coordinates of the screen 16b to the CPU's software from a map in a geographical database. The software has an algorithm that relates the x and y coordinates to latitude and longitude and can access a communications net participant's symbol or a fixed or movable entity's symbol as being the one closest to that point.
In order to initiate a telephone call to the cellular phone user (communication net participant) represented by symbol (triangle) 30 at a specific latitude and longitude display on chart 16b, the operator touches the triangle 30 symbol with the stylus 14. The user then touches a “call” software switch from a matrix of displayed soft switches that would overlay the display area 16c. Immediately, the cellular phone will initiate a cellular telephone call to the cellular phone user at the geographical location shown that represents symbol 30. A second cellular phone user (communication net participant) is represented by symbol 34 which is a small square (but could be any shape or icon) to represent an individual cellular phone device in the display area. The ring 32 around symbol 30 indicates that the symbol 30 has been touched and that a telephone call can be initiated by touching the soft switch that says “call.” When this is done, the telephone call is initiated. Other types of symbolic elements on the display 16 can indicate that a cellular phone call is in effect. Additionally, the operator can touch both symbol 34 and symbol 30 and can activate a conference call between the two cellular phones and users represented by symbols 30 and 34. Again, a symbolic ring around symbol 34 indicates that a call has been initiated.
Equally important, a user can call the police station, or any other specific geographical facility displayed on the map including: buildings, locations of people, vehicles, facilities, restaurants, or the like, whose cellular phone numbers and, if available, Email addresses, IP addresses and their URLs (previously stored in the database) by touching a specific facility location on the map display using the stylus 14 and then touching the cellular phone call switch. As an example, the operator can touch and point to call a restaurant using a soft switch by touching the restaurant location with a stylus and then touching the call soft switch. The cellular phone will then call the restaurant. Thus, using the present invention, each participant can touch and point to call to one or more other net participants symbolically displayed on the map, each of whom has a device as shown in
Each cellular phone/PDA/GPS user device is identified on the map display of the other network participant user's phone devices by a display symbol that is generated on each user phone display to indicate each user's own location and identity. Each symbol is placed at the correct geographical location on the user display and is correlated with the map on the display and is transmitted and automatically displayed on the other network participant's PC and PDA devices. The operator of each cellular phone/PDA/GPS device may also enter one or more other fixed entities (buildings, facilities, restaurants, police stations, etc.) and geo-referenced events such as fires, accidents, etc., into its database. This information can be likewise transmitted to all the other participants on the communications net and automatically displayed. The map, fixed entities, events and cellular phone/PDA/GPS device communication net participants' latitude and longitude information is related to the “x” and “y” location on the touch screen display map by a mathematical correlation algorithm.
When the cellular phone/PDA/GPS device user uses a stylus or finger to touch one or more of the symbols or a location displayed on the cellular phone map display, the system's software causes the status and latitude and longitude information concerning that symbol or location to be displayed. In order to hook a symbol or “track” such as another net participant which represents an entity on the geo-referenced map display, or a fixed geographical entity such as a restaurant, police station or a new entity observed by a cell phone user which is discussed below, the operator touches at or near the location of a geo-referenced symbol appearing on the cellular phone/PDA display that represents a specific track or specific participant or other entity. The hook application software determines that the stylus (or finger) is pointed close to or at the location of the symbol and puts a circle, square or other indication around the symbol indicating that amplification information concerning the symbol is to be displayed. The operator can hook entered tracks or his own track symbol and add data or change data associated with the indicated symbol. The hook application code then sends a message to the database application code to store the facility or entity's updated data. The display application code retrieves the primary data and amplification data concerning the symbol or entity from the database and displays the information at the correct screen location. The operator can then read the amplification data that relates to that specific symbol at the specific location. The cell phone operator can also select soft switches on the touch screen display to change the primary data and amplification data. Furthermore, the operator can use a similar method of hooking and selecting to activate particular soft switches to take other actions which could include: making cellular phone calls, conference calls, 800 number calls; sending a free text message, operator selected preformatted messages, photographs or videos to the hooked symbol; or to drop an entered symbol.
Each known net participant has a cellular phone number, IP address and, if available, Email address that is stored in each participant's device database.
To use the communication system, a user starts the PDA/cellular phone device system by turning on the cell phone power and selecting the cell phone and network software which causes: a) the cellular phone to be activated (if it has not already been activated); b) the GPS interface receiver to be established; c) a map of the geographic area where the operator is located and operator's own unit symbol to appear at the correct latitude and longitude on the map on the display; d) the locations of fixed facilities such as restaurants, hotels, fire departments, police stations, and military barracks, that are part of the database to appear as symbols on the map; e) the device selected item read out area which provides amplification information for the communications net participants or the entity that has been hooked (on the display screen) to appear on the display; f) an insert area that contains various data including: the list of net participants, a list of messages to be read, an indication of what portion of the map is being displayed in major map area and other information to appear on the display; and g) a row of primary software created “soft switches” that are always present on the display to appear.
For point to call network units and fixed facilities, the application code detects the x, y display screen location of the symbol that is designated by the user's stylus and translates the x, y coordinates to latitude and longitude and then: (1) searches the database to find the symbol at that location, (2) places a “hook” indicator (a circle, square or other shape) around the symbol, (3) displays any amplifying data and (4) obtains the symbol's associated phone number (or, for Voice over IP (VoIP) an IP address) from the database. Upon receiving a “call” designation from the soft switch, the operator's device's ACS causes the appropriate phone number or IP address to be called. Upon receiving an indication that the phone number is being called, the application code places a box around the symbol (color, dashed or the like). When the call is connected, the box changes to indicate that the connection is made. When the other party hangs up, the box disappears.
As each of the cell phone participants reports its identity, location and status to the other participants' devices, the received data is automatically geo-referenced and filed in their databases that are accessible by identity and by location. This data is then displayed on each cell phone display. When a request for data is received by touching the display screen, a location search is made by the ACS and a symbol modifier (circle, square, etc.) is generated around the symbol closest to the x, y position of the stylus. When the application code receives a soft switch command to place a phone call or send data, the software uses the phone number (or IP address) associated with the unit to place the call or to send data.
If a cell phone device receives a digital message that a call is being received, the receiving cell phone's ACS application code places a box or similar object around the transmitter symbol indicating who the call is from. When the call is answered, the application software changes the visual characteristics of the box. In a similar manner, when a phone receives a digital text message, photograph or video, a box appears around the transmitter's symbol indicating the transmitter of the message. The point to call network devices are network participants and each one has a PC/PDA device with the same software for use as a total participant network. Other situations for calling facilities that are not network participants are also described below.
Thus, a user is capable of initiating a cellular phone call by touch only and initiating conference calls by touching the geo-referenced map symbols. Furthermore, by using a similar symbol touching technique, a cellular phone can send user selected messages to cause a remote cellular phone to display and optionally announce emergency and other messages and to optionally elicit a response from the remote cellular phone.
All of the network participants have the same communication cell phone/PDA/GPS device described herein. The method and system include the ability of a specific user to provide polling in which other cellular phones, using SMS, internet or WiFi, report periodically based on criteria such as time, speed, distance traveled, or a combination of time, speed and distance traveled. A user can manually poll any or all other cell phone devices that are used by all of the participants in the communication network having the same devices. The receiving cellular phone application code responds to the polling command with the receiving cellular phone's location and status which could include battery level, GPS status, signal strength and entered track data. Optionally, the phone operators can set their phones to report automatically, based on time or distance traveled intervals or another criterion.
The soft switch application software causes a visual display of a matrix such as five across by six up (or another matrix) in which switch names are placed on the cellular/PDA display. The soft switch network application software knows the touch screen location of each of the switches in the matrix and the software routines that will be activated upon touching the switch.
The bottom row of soft switches displayed on the touch screen remains visually fixed. These switches concern the functions that are the most often used. One of the switches causes a matrix of other soft switches to appear above the visually fixed soft switches. These switches are function soft switches, the activation of any one of which causes a different matrix of soft switches to appear, which are known as the action soft switches. When the action soft switches appear, the function soft switch, which caused the action soft switches to appear, itself appears as a label in the lower left (or some other standard location) indicating to the operator the function soft switch that has been selected. When the operator selects an action soft switch, the appropriate application software to accomplish the action is activated.
Upon receiving a soft switch activation message, the ACS accesses the appropriate task execution software which accomplishes the required tasks including: entry of track data, entry of track amplification data, transmission of alpha/numeric messages, photographs, videos, display of messages to be read, selection of map types, placing voice calls, placing conference calls and 800 conference calls, presenting different potential operator selections, control of the display actions, polling network participants, establishing nets of participants (groups) so that communications with all in the group can be accomplished with a single soft switch action, and dropping a previously entered track. By providing a matrix and layers of soft switches which are easily manipulated by a stylus, each cell phone device in the communication network is extremely efficient in accessing and coordinating the appropriate application program for the device to perform.
Users such as emergency groups, police, fire personal, military, first responders and other groups need to be able to set up ad hoc digital and voice networks easily and rapidly. The users need to be able to rapidly coordinate activities eliminating the need for pre-entry data as discussed above. Users are required to enter the Servers' IP address and an ad hoc event name, a password and, for first responders and military, the names of their units. This will normally be controlled by the PDA/PC user's position in the chain of command. For others it can be any selected name and, if desired, password.
Referring now to
Referring now to
When the PDA/PC user wants to address particular data (a text message, photograph, video clip, voice recording, white board, or chat), the user enters the name of the other ad hoc network participant by either entering a name or touching his or her symbol. Since the Server knows the IP address of the name or symbol, the Server forwards the data appropriately to that network participant. When a unit signs off the network, it transmits a message to the Server which then transmits a message to all the network participants to drop the unit and its associated tracks. If a unit loses communications for a variable time period, the unit's data is flushed from each of the recipient network participants systems according to a variable time period. After a separate variable time period, the Server also flushes the non-reporting units data.
As can be seen in
Typically military and First Responder units use Push-to-Talk (PTT) communications. Units in an organization's chain of command typically have instituted a method to establish voice communications between themselves for they know each other's cellular phone numbers, PTT cellular group identifiers and radio frequencies or channel numbers. However, in a disaster there are many different units (fire, police, EMS, Military, and the like) involved all of whom need to establish voice communications between each other. The issue then becomes how to coordinate these PTT voice communications with the ad hoc digital communications so that all on the digital data network automatically also have PTT voice communications with each other. If the PCs and PDAs in a group have manually entered their phone numbers, or the ACS has automatically entered their phone numbers, and sent their phone numbers as part of their initial message to the Server, this data is then sent by the Server to all others in the network. Upon receiving the phone number data, the recipients' ACS loads the cell phones numbers into their databases creating a phone number PTT group common with the digital IP network group.
The issue when using radios, however, is different. PTT radio coordination between multiple people is achieved by using a common radio frequency “Channel”.
Furthermore, it is desirable to enable it so that, when new network participants join the digital network, they are automatically included in the voice network and, when they leave the digital network, they are automatically dropped from the digital network.
As can be seen in
This action causes the PTT Channel, or PTT Group 7, to be sent to the other PDA/PC users in the ad hoc password protected network through the Server.
As shown in
As shown in
When using the PTT feature, the ACS can enable the network participant to: 1. PTT with all that are in the ad hoc digital network, or 2. PTT with select specific network participants, by touching their symbol(s) and then selecting PTT soft switch or 3. Specify a group of the network participants by assigning their symbol or unit name to a list of network participants and then associating the list with a soft switch whose function is to enable the operator to have PTT communications with all in the list.
Since only one person is transmitting on a PTT voice network at any given time, the receiving network participant's ACS can relate the PTT IP address to the IP address of the unit transmitting his identification on the digital ad hoc network. This information can then be used by the other PTT networked participant's ACS to: 1. flash the transmitting unit's name on their PDA/PC screens or 2. if a photograph has been attached to the ad hoc digital network symbol of the PTT transmitting person, to flash that photograph on the receiving unit's PDA/PC display.
Referring now to
As shown in
In disasters, battery life is essential as there may not be extra batteries available or a power available to recharge the battery. It is therefore essential to lessen battery utilization. The normal method by which this is accomplished is to not use software that keeps the display on, uses the GPS or transmits on the communications. However, deactivating any one of these processes produces a problem with providing location data to all on the network.
With location sharing there are essentially two times when the location information is essential: a) Where the user wants all to know his/her location and status and the location and status of others and b) When the commander wants to know the location and status of all or of a particular unit.
When the user wants others to know the user location and status, the user can simply turn on location reporting software which then turns on the display, the GPS and the communications reporting software causing the reporting of the user location to the ad hoc password protected digital network. However, when the commander or someone else wants to know the location and status of the PDA/PC unit that is conserving battery usage by having user display, GPS and communications transmission turned on, the commander has no method to accomplish this.
This problem is overcome by enabling the commander to transmit a “turn on” IP message to the battery conserving(s) unit(s) by addressing the message to the ad hoc network Server which then sends an SMS message to the addressed phone. The SMS message will be received as long as the phone is powered on, as SMS is integrated with the cell phone's voice communications. The Server could also send a turn on IP message to networked radios, which will then cause the radio's computer to send a digital message to the receiving PC/PDA to activate the user display and location and status reporting software.
Referring now to
Referring now to
The instant invention has been shown and described herein in what is considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment. It is recognized, however, that departures may be made there from within the scope of the invention and that obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/027,410 filed on Sep. 16, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/751,453 filed Jan. 28, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,538,393 issued Sep. 17, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/761,533 filed on Apr. 16, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,364,129 issued Jan. 29, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/615,472 filed on Dec. 22, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,126,441 issued on Feb. 28, 2012, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/308,648 filed Apr. 17, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,630,724 issued on Dec. 8, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/711,490, filed on Sep. 21, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,031,728 issued on Apr. 18, 2006. All of the proceeding applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 16435203 | Jun 2019 | US |
| Child | 16847174 | US | |
| Parent | 15809102 | Nov 2017 | US |
| Child | 16435203 | US | |
| Parent | 15722660 | Oct 2017 | US |
| Child | 15809102 | US | |
| Parent | 15469469 | Mar 2017 | US |
| Child | 15722660 | US | |
| Parent | 15287638 | Oct 2016 | US |
| Child | 15469469 | US | |
| Parent | 14529978 | Oct 2014 | US |
| Child | 15287638 | US | |
| Parent | 13751453 | Jan 2013 | US |
| Child | 14027410 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 14027410 | Sep 2013 | US |
| Child | 14529978 | US | |
| Parent | 12761533 | Apr 2010 | US |
| Child | 13751453 | US | |
| Parent | 11615472 | Dec 2006 | US |
| Child | 12761533 | US | |
| Parent | 11308648 | Apr 2006 | US |
| Child | 11615472 | US | |
| Parent | 10711490 | Sep 2004 | US |
| Child | 11308648 | US |
