The present disclosure relates to methods for determining an optimal fit of a prosthesis on a resected bone surface.
Orthopaedic procedures for the replacement of all, or a portion of, a patient's joint typically require resecting and reshaping of the bones of the joint to receive prosthetic components. For example, a typical total knee prosthesis has three main components: a femoral component for replacing at least a portion of the distal end of the femur, a tibial component for replacing at least a portion of the proximal end of the tibia, and a bearing insert for replacing at least a portion of the articulating tissue between the femur and the tibia. Procedures for implanting a total knee prosthesis typically involve preparing and reshaping both the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia prior to implanting the prosthetic components. The amount of bone removed may be partially determined by the size and type of prosthetic components to be implanted. The size of prosthetic components may be initially determined by measurements taken of the knee prior to and during surgery, and the final determination of size may be made after taking measurements and trialing a provisional prosthesis during the procedure.
The present disclosure provides methods for predetermining a contour of a resected bone surface and assessing a fit of a prosthesis on the resected bone surface. The present disclosure also provides methods for designing prostheses to fit discrete patient populations as well as methods for designing customized prostheses.
In one form thereof, the present disclosure provides a method of virtually assessing the fit of a prosthesis for placement on a resected bone surface, the method including the steps of creating a two-dimensional outline of the resected bone surface; creating a two-dimensional outline of a first prosthesis; and comparing the two-dimensional outline of the resected bone surface with the two-dimensional outline of the first prosthesis.
In another form thereof, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for virtually assessing the fit of a prosthesis for placement on a resected bone surface, the apparatus including a first computer adapted to create a two-dimensional outline of the resected bone surface; a second computer for creating a two-dimensional outline of a first prosthesis; and a third computer for comparing the two-dimensional outline of the resected bone surface with the two-dimensional outline of the first prosthesis.
In yet another form thereof, the present disclosure provides a method of designing a prosthesis to substantially fit a resected bone surface based on a population of bones, the method including the steps of creating a plurality of two-dimensional outlines corresponding to each resected bone surface for each bone of the population; and determining a contour of a bone engaging surface of a prosthesis using the plurality of two-dimensional outlines, wherein the contour substantially matches the plurality of two-dimensional outlines of the resected bone surfaces.
In still another form thereof, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for designing a prosthesis to substantially fit a resected bone surface based on a population of bones, the apparatus including a first computer for creating a plurality of two-dimensional outlines corresponding to each resected bone surface for each bone of the population; and a second computer for determining a contour of a bone engaging surface of a prosthesis which substantially matches the plurality of two-dimensional outlines of the resected bone surfaces.
In one form thereof, the present disclosure provides a method of creating a prosthesis for placement on a resected bone surface, the method including the steps of creating a two-dimensional outline of the resected bone surface; and determining a contour of a bone engaging surface of a prosthesis using the two-dimensional outline of the resected bone surface.
In another form thereof, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for creating a prosthesis for placement on a resected bone surface, the apparatus including a first computer for creating a two-dimensional outline of the resected bone surface; and a second computer for determining a contour of a bone engaging surface of a prosthesis using the two-dimensional outline of the resected bone surface.
The above mentioned and other features of the disclosure, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and will be better understood by reference to the following description of embodiments of the disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. Although the drawings represent embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and certain features may be exaggerated in order to better illustrate and explain the present disclosure. Although the exemplifications set out herein illustrate embodiments of the disclosure, the embodiments disclosed below are not intended to be exhaustive or to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention to the precise forms disclosed.
The present disclosure may include references to the following terms: anterior (at or near the front of the body, as opposed to the back of the body); posterior (at or near the back of the body, as opposed to the front of the body); lateral (at or near the side of the body, farther from the midsagittal plane, as opposed to medial); medial (at or near the middle of the body, at or near the midsagittal plane, as opposed to lateral); proximal (toward the beginning, at or near the head of the body, as opposed to distal); and distal (further from the beginning, at or near the foot of the body, as opposed to proximal).
Referring to
More particularly, referring to
Referring still to
Referring still to
Referring now to
Referring to
Prosthesis outline 26 may be visually compared with femur outline 18 to determine and assess whether model prosthesis 20 is a suitable fit for model femur 10. Thus, a surgeon may compare outline 26 with outline 18 and determine whether prosthesis 20 corresponding to outline 26 is an acceptable prosthesis to use for femur F. Prosthesis outline 26 may be compared with femur outline 18 by superimposing one atop the other and observing the overlapping shapes and the differences therebetween. Furthermore, using the suitable software mentioned above, quantitative analysis may be made of outlines 26 and 18. For instance, measurements of outlines 26 and 18 may be taken and the suitable software can calculate deviations between the measurements. For example, width measurements of outlines 26 and 18 at the intersections of each planar surface may be taken and/or at midpoints of each planar surface between such intersections with other planar surfaces. Any deviations between outlines 26 and 18 may then be used to calculate proposed changes in prosthesis 20 to thereby reshape prosthesis 20 to minimize the deviations. Alternatively, any deviations between outlines 26 and 18 may prompt a user to select a different prosthesis 20 and perform the same analysis to assess the fit of the second prosthesis 20 on model femur 10, i.e., if a surgeon decides that outline 26 of a first prosthesis 20 is unacceptable for femur F, then the surgeon then compares the outline 26 of another prosthesis 20 until an acceptable prosthesis is identified.
The method described above has several useful, practical applications. For example, the method described above may be used to develop new and improved existing prosthesis designs. It is contemplated that this method may be used to survey a large population of subjects to develop statistics and identify trends in bone shapes, and to adapt prosthesis sizes and shapes accordingly. More specifically, two-dimensional footprints of virtually resected bones of a large population of patients may be obtained and compared to two-dimensional footprints of numerous available prostheses.
In an exemplary embodiment, a method of the present disclosure may be performed on the femurs of a large population of women to obtain medial/lateral and anterior/posterior dimensions of the femurs and calculate ratios between the medial/lateral and anterior/posterior dimensions. These dimensions and calculations may be used in designing femoral components for use on female anatomy. In another exemplary embodiment, a method of the present disclosure may also be used to obtain medial/lateral and anterior/posterior dimensions of existing femoral components and calculate ratios between the medial/lateral and anterior/posterior dimensions of the femoral components. The dimensions and calculated ratios may then be used to compare existing femoral components to the dimensions and calculated ratios of the femurs of women to identify potential areas of the femoral component where fit can be optimized. Such a comparison is fully described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/611,021, entitled DISTAL FEMORAL KNEE PROSTHESES, assigned to the assignee of the present application, the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. The same type of process may be performed for other populations, such as a population of males, various ethnic populations, populations based on age, stature-based populations, and/or populations based on disease progression or disease status.
In addition, the method described above may be used in guiding the design and manufacture of custom prostheses. For instance, a patient's femur may be modeled, virtually resected and footprinted as described above. The footprint could then be used as the footprint for forming a prosthesis.
Although the method described above is exemplified with reference to the distal end of the femur and femoral prostheses, the methods of the present invention may be applied to any bone and any prosthesis.
While this invention has been described as having exemplary designs, the present disclosure may be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this disclosure pertains.
This application claims the benefit under Title 35, U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/783,630, entitled METHODS OF PREDETERMINING THE CONTOUR OF A RESECTED BONE AND THE FIT OF AN IMPLANT ON THE BONE, filed Mar. 17, 2006, the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4549540 | Caspari et al. | Oct 1985 | A |
4913413 | Raab | Apr 1990 | A |
4936862 | Walker et al. | Jun 1990 | A |
5030237 | Sorbie et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
5403319 | Matsen, III et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5408409 | Glassman et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5540696 | Booth, Jr. et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5682886 | Delp et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5792147 | Evans et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5828813 | Ohm | Oct 1998 | A |
5834759 | Glossop | Nov 1998 | A |
5871018 | Delp et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5921992 | Costales et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
6006126 | Cosman | Dec 1999 | A |
6096050 | Audette | Aug 2000 | A |
6160264 | Rebiere | Dec 2000 | A |
6197017 | Brock et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6205411 | DiGioia, III et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6233504 | Das et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6338716 | Hossack et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6348058 | Melkent et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6430434 | Mittelstadt | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6434507 | Clayton et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6450978 | Brosseau et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6470207 | Simon et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6490467 | Bucholz et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6490475 | Seeley et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6491699 | Henderson et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6510334 | Schuster et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6533737 | Brosseau et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6697664 | Kienzle III et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6701174 | Krause et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6772026 | Bradbury et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6932842 | Litschko et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
7024032 | Kidd et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7029477 | Grimm | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7039225 | Tanaka et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7194295 | Vilsmeier | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7234937 | Sachdeva et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7242999 | Wang | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7275023 | Chen et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7587075 | Stefan et al. | Sep 2009 | B1 |
7634306 | Sarin et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7646901 | Murphy et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
20020068942 | Neubauer et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20030033127 | Lett | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030130665 | Pinczewski et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030225415 | Richard | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040102866 | Harris et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040111183 | Sutherland et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040122305 | Grimm et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040146830 | Weinstein | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040152955 | McGinley et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040153062 | McGinley et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040204760 | Fitz et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040230199 | Jansen et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040236424 | Berez et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20050076521 | Said | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050119564 | Rosholm et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050197814 | Aram et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050198849 | Goeggelmann et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050234332 | Murphy | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20060094951 | Dean et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060100498 | Boyce et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060100832 | Bowman | May 2006 | A1 |
20060161051 | Terrill-Grisoni et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060204067 | Tuma et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060216681 | Walker et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060229624 | May et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20070066893 | Eriksen et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070066917 | Hodorek et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070123894 | Claypool et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070156066 | McGinley et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070156157 | Nahum et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070203605 | Melton et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070255288 | Mahfouz et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070274442 | Gregory et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20080163344 | Yang | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080167547 | Bova et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20090048597 | Heavener et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090089034 | Penney et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2821247 | Nov 1979 | DE |
1403203 | Apr 2004 | EP |
2776176 | Mar 1998 | FR |
WO9937220 | Jul 1999 | WO |
WO0003210 | Jan 2000 | WO |
WO03030738 | Apr 2003 | WO |
WO2004017842 | Mar 2004 | WO |
WO2004019792 | Mar 2004 | WO |
WO9423605 | Oct 2004 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20070255288 A1 | Nov 2007 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60783630 | Mar 2006 | US |