Patent Application
20170226832
The present invention relates generally surface equipment for actuating a pump mounted on a bottom end of a sucker rod string for pumping fluid from a well. More particularly, the present invention relates to a modified pumpjack construction that is operated to alternate an amount of counter weight exerted on a tail of a walking beam to maintain a balanced condition on the walking beam throughout an entire pump cycle.
A pumpjack is a type of lever that is widely used to pump fluids from wells. Pumpjacks of numerous constructions have been devised in an attempt to optimize the pumping efficiency and to reduce operating power requirements. Conventionally, a pumpjack includes a lever called a walking beam that is pivotally mounted at its center on a vertical support frame that is often referred to as a Samson post. The pumpjack is powered by a prime mover, such as a combustion engine or electric motor, and operates to convert rotary motion of the prime mover into oscillating motion in the walking beam to reciprocate a rod string and pump to lift fluid from a well.
A pumpjack has many inherent problems. First, the weight exerted on the head end of the walking beam varies during oscillation because the horse head and the counter weight follow an arc and the bridle (connected to the sucker rod string) must lift the weight on a vertical plane created by the movement of the rod string inside the wellbore. With reference to
Second, the pumpjack counter weight is positioned in a fixed location and requires shutting down the pumpjack to reposition the counter weight. Consequently, the counter weight is typically positioned such that the pumpjack operates in an unbalanced condition. The unbalanced condition is related to the continuously varied weight on the head of the pumpjack caused by a myriad of varying wellbore conditions.
Due to the fact that a pumpjack operates to lift multiple thousands of pounds, these incremental out of balances create sizable increases in operating horsepower requirements. In practice, a pumpjack always operates in out of balance conditions and be must be over powered to overcome them. These out of balance conditions greatly decrease operating efficiency and increase operating costs, as well as, create undue stress on all the components which leads to premature failures of the pumpjack. Conversely, when operated in a balanced condition the horsepower requirements are in the range of 0.01 horsepower per 1000 lbs of weight being lifted and the stresses on the pumpjack are reduced exponentially, as are the operating costs.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a modification to a conventional pumpjack that overcomes the problems discussed above and other inherent problems. In an embodiment, the modification includes a mobilized tail bearing that is actuated by a hydraulic or electric ram to vary the distance from the fulcrum at which the counterweight acts on the walking beam. Varying this distance provides the ability to operate the pumpjack in a balanced condition at all times within a wide range of weight drift. It also provides for maintaining a balanced condition throughout the entire reciprocating cycle when utilizing an existing prime mover and gearbox, thereby eliminating the inherent sine wave of unbalanced force that is created by the swinging of the walking beam in an arc and the vertical movement of the rod string.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a new conventional-style pumpjack with a mobilized tail bearing actuated by a hydraulic or electric ram which can initiate the rotary motion of the counterweight and the reciprocating motion of the walking beam utilizing gravity without the need for a gearbox or prime mover. The process of initiating motion from a balanced condition is easily achieved by over or under balancing the unit making it either head heavy or tail heavy and allowing gravity to act on the unit and overcome friction to initiate motion.
And the inherent sine wave of unbalanced force that is created by the swinging of the walking beam in an arc and the vertical movement of the rod string is regenerated back into the cycle of positioning and re-positioning the tail bearing.
In another aspect, the present invention includes a control system that continually monitors sucker rod weight, thereby revealing operating conditions related to the wellbore and the pumping equipment thereby providing invaluable information to the operator.
In another aspect, the present invention, when embodied as a gravity actuated pumpjack, uses simple equipment and reduces overall complexity of a conventional pumpjack that is equipped with a gearbox and prime mover. The rate of cycling can be accelerated or slowed based on fluid production, thereby continually optimizing daily production rates without equipment modifications. This can greatly reduce the number of jack sizes and stroke lengths required at any given maximum production rates to be achieved. As production rates diminish, the cycles per day can be reduced while maintaining the cycle rate of travel at optimal rates in order to maintain pump efficiency.
Embodiments of the present invention can reduce overall operating costs by as much a 400% and extend equipment life cycles. Greatly extended equipment live cycles and reduced operating costs will lower the economic limits of any given hydrocarbon production allowing for greater ultimate recoveries of a resource at any given sales price level.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a modified pumpjack construction for producing fluid from a well that is able to maintain a balanced condition between the head and the tail over a specified range of varying weight and friction encountered in the wellbore. Specific range is established by the amount of static weight bolted to the crank arms and the weight mounting position on the crank arms relative to the crank pin, both of which are mechanically adjusted at time of initial install and when an out of range condition is flagged by the control system.
Embodiments of the present provide a modified pumpjack construction for producing fluid from a well that is able to initiate cycling of the pumpjack utilizing the effects of gravity by oscillating from a balanced condition to a head heavy then tail heavy condition or vice versa. Energy input requirement to initiate motion from a balanced condition is extremely low, on the order of 0.01 hp/ton of weight, greatly reducing operating costs. Acting from a balanced position greatly reduces the stress on all components and reduces maintenance costs and safety issues.
Embodiments of the present provide a modified pumpjack construction for producing fluid from a well that is able to sense fluid level in the annular space of a wellbore by comparing the position of the tail bearing in a balanced position from one cycle to the next. Fluid above the pump intake will create buoyancy in the tubing string causing the head end of the pumpjack to become lighter. Pumpjack can start, balance, sense fluid level, cycle until buoyancy is eliminated, shutdown. If no fluid level is detected the pumpjack will shutdown after balancing.
Embodiments of the present provide a modified pumpjack construction for producing fluid from a well that is able to initiate motion from a stop position when crank arms are hanging vertically (tail heavy) and head weight is attempting to pull straight up on the centerline of the crank pin.
Embodiments of the present provide a modified pumpjack construction for producing fluid from a well that is able to accelerate the cycling of the pumpjack until a “floating rod string” condition is encountered and then slow the cycling to just below this point thus optimizing the maximum pumping capacity at any given stroke length. This greatly improves the range of production capacity of a given jack size greatly reducing the number of jack sizes, stroke lengths and operating speeds required throughout the lifecycle of a wellbore. This action also dramatically improves the efficiency of the downhole insert pump even at very low daily production rates.
Embodiments of the present provide a modified pumpjack construction for producing fluid from a well that eliminates the need for a gearbox and associated external prime mover, motion is initiated by gravity acting on the walking beam. This greatly reduces the cost and complexity of manufacture and maintenance.
Embodiments of the present provide a modified pumpjack construction for producing fluid from a well that is able to detect a wide range of equipment failures by sensing friction and weight throughout the entire rotating cycle. Pump failures and efficiency issues, rod string failures, production tubing failures, bearing failures etc. can all be detected and reported to the control system which is compatible with all and any new communication systems available now and in the future. Using this physical method of operation and control system in effect can make the pumpjack “Smart”.
In an embodiment, a pumpjack for producing fluid from a well includes a walking beam pivotally connected to a vertical support for oscillation in a generally vertical plane about a first axis. A first end of the walking beam is connected to a sucker rod string. A carriage is movably mounted to the walking beam to move back-and-forth along a length of a tail end of the walking beam. A pitman arm has a first end pivotally connected to the carriage for rotation about a second axis and a second end pivotally connected to a crank arm. A counterweight is mounted to the crank arm and a hydraulic ram is connected to the carriage to move the carriage back-and-forth along the walking beam and establish reciprocation of the sucker rod string.
There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated.
Numerous objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon a reading of the following detailed description of presently preferred, but nonetheless illustrative, embodiments of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of descriptions and should not be regarded as limiting.
As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention.
The following drawings illustrate by way of example and are included to provide further understanding of the invention for the purpose of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the invention. No attempt is made to show structural details of the embodiments in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice. Identical reference numerals do not necessarily indicate an identical structure. Rather, the same reference numeral may be used to indicate a similar feature of a feature with similar functionality. In the drawings:
Referring to
A carriage 26 is movably mounted to the tail end 28 of the walking beam 12 to move back-and-forth along a length of tail end 28. A tail bearing 30 is mounted to a lower end of the carriage 26 is pivotally connects an end of a pitman arm 32 to the carriage to rotate about the tail bearing's rotational axis. The opposite end of the pitman arm 32 is pivotally connected to a crank arm 34 and the crank arm is rotatably connected at one end to a vertical support 36. A counterweight 38 is attached to the opposite end of the crank arm 34.
A hydraulic ram 40 is mounted, for example, to the walking beam 12 and includes an extensible shaft 42 that is connected to the carriage 26.
As discussed further below, the hydraulic ram 40 operates to move the carriage 26 back-and-forth along the walking beam 12 by extending and retracting the extensible shaft 42. In an embodiment, the carriage 26 is movable equal distances on opposite sides of a centerline 44 that extends substantially vertically from the pivot or bearing connecting the crank arm 34 and vertical support 36. Further, the rotational axis of the tail bearing 30 and the saddle bearing 16 are disposed on a common centerline 46 that extends between the two bearings. In an embodiment, the tail bearing 30 and the saddle bearing 16 are positioned a same distance from the bottom of the walking beam 12. These arrangements, as will become apparent, permit certain operation of the hydraulic pump 10.
In the illustrated embodiment, the hydraulic ram 40 is mounted to a saddle spacer 56 that is disposed between the saddle bearing 16 and the walking beam 12. Saddle spacer 56 is sized so as to align centerline 46 generally horizontal along the bottom of the walking beam 12. And at initial setup, the walking beam 12 is balanced with the carriage 26 positioned so that the tail bearing 30 is located on the centerline 44 of the crank arm 34.
Alternatively, the hydraulic ram 40 could be replaced by an electrically power operator to move the saddle bearing along the walking beam in the manner discussed above.
As best seen in
Further illustrated in
Also illustrated in
Referring to
The PLC 68 is electrically connected to the hydraulic ram position sensor 70, the beam position sensor 72, the load sensing proportional valve 74, and the valve actuator 76. The PLC operates the valve actuator 76 as a function of the signals received by the hydraulic ram position sensor 70, the beam position sensor 72, and the load sensing proportional valve 74 to move the carriage 26 back-and-forth along the walking beam to drive the pump and reciprocate the sucker rod string.
Generally, reciprocation of the sucker rod string is accomplished using gravity by alternating the balance of the walking beam 12 between a tail heavy condition and a head heavy condition by moving the carriage 26 back-and-forth along the walking beam 12, which positions counterweight 38 to create either the tail heavy or head heavy condition.
With reference to
Continuing in quadrant two, the head is horizontal and weight on the bridle is following arc of the head, the head becomes lighter as the crank arms fall vertical (6:00 position). The carrier moves forward to shift from tail heavy to head heavy.
Continuing in quadrant three, the head is upward carrier moves forward to locate balance point (3:00 position) with the beam on the horizontal plane.
In quadrant four, the head falls below the horizontal, the bridle swings away from the beam, the head increasingly becomes heavy, and the crank arms accelerate (between 3:00 and 12:00 position). The carrier moves rearwardly to shift from head heavy to tail heavy.
Input energy required in quadrant three and one to move the carrier, crank arms accelerating in quadrant two. Inertia generated in quadrant two is conserved in quadrant three, so the more inertia gained in quadrant two (speed of rotation+unbalance), the deeper into quadrant three the crank arms will rotate. Therefore, less work is required in quadrant three to move the carrier to the balance point. Energy caused by unbalance in quadrant two is regenerated (conserved) into quadrant three. The same principal occurs between quadrants one and four. Further, inherent unbalance caused by the bridle arc is regenerated into input side of energy requirement.
The PLC 68 can be programmed to perform many different operations, several operations are discussed below.
1. Maintenance Shut Down (ESD).
In this mode, the PLC 68 operates the hydraulic ram 40 to move the carriage 26 to the most rearward position, e.g., by fully extending the hydraulic ram so the pumpjack is maximum tail heavy and crank arm 34 is disposed at the 6 o'clock position. Indication is given to the operator to install carriage lockout pin and positive lock the crank arms. ESD the hydraulic supply. Await operator reset commands.
2. Travel to Park Position.
In this mode, the PLC 68 operates the hydraulic ram 40 to move the carriage 26 forwardly along the walking beam toward the saddle bearing 16 until the crank arm 34 moves counter-clockwise to the 1 o'clock position. In this position, the walking beam 12 is head down and the pitman arm 32 is parallel to the crank arm 34. The pumpjack 10 is placed in this position when it shutdown to protect the sucker-rod string and polish rod inside the wellbore. Further, operation of the pumpjack 10 is most easily started from this position.
3. Balance.
In this mode, and from the park position, the PLC 68 operates the hydraulic ram 40 to move the carriage 26 is rearward along the walking beam 12 until the crank arm 34 rotates in a clockwise direction and stabilize in the 3 o'clock position. (When the unit is first installed the physical weights are adjusted on the crank arms so that the full string weight and a full column of fluid with no fluid below the pump are balanced with the centerline of the tail bearing carrier on the centerline of the crankshaft).
4. Check for Fluid Level.
In this mode, the PLC 68 operates to determine if the balance point determined in #3 above is forward of the crankshaft centerline it indicates that fluid has entered the wellbore in the annular space outside the production tubing. This will create buoyancy in the tubing string and make the pumpjack lighter at the head end. If no fluid is detected the pumpjack will shut down and go back to the park position #2 above.
5. Swab Well.
In this mode, the PLC 68 is operates the hydraulic ram 40 to alternate moving the carriage 26 forward and rearward causing the pumpjack 10 to oscillate at a set speed. The pumpjack 10 can run in this configuration until the balance point has moved back to the centerline of the crankshaft (indicating a pumped off condition), at which time, the PLC will operating the park position mode. On a gas well that makes water, the jack can be instructed to swab by the external gas flow chart differential as well.
6. Produce Well at Maximum Production Rate.
In this mode, the PLC 68 operates the hydraulic ram 40 to move the carriage 26 back-and-forth along the walking beam 12 to accelerate rotation of the walking beam until the sucker-rod string starts to float (hydraulic ram will see the floating if the rate begins to exceed buoyancy or friction factors present in the well). This is the maximum production rate possible with the least amount of energy expended. If the pumpjack 10 cannot attain this condition then the PLC instructions the operator to lengthen the stroke or in an extreme case require the well to be equipped with a bigger jack. This feature will allow the manufacture of the pumpjacks to reduce the number of jack sizes offered as the production rates attainable with any given stroke length can be optimized. The PLC is capable of learning to slow down pumping as the well approaches pumped off conditions and speed up to optimize production rates.
7. Conduct Wellbore Diagnostics.
At all times during operation, the PLC 68 can detect wellbore conditions, pump efficiency, holes in production string, leaking travel balls, broken rods, tight packings, etc. by monitoring pressure balances across the hydraulic ram 40. The pumpjack 10, in essence, becomes its own dynamometer. The PLC 68 can easily be tied to SCADA control or even monitored with a mobile computing device.
A number of embodiments of the present invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. Preliminary Amendment
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2014/064161 | 8/30/2014 | WO | 00 |
