Patent Grant
10131388
The invention generally pertains to the field of product and vehicle assembly.
Traditional high volume manufacture and assembly of products, machines and vehicles has occurred in large assembly plants. These assembly plants have included multiple assembly lines where components are gathered, assembled and connected together. In the manufacture and assembly of vehicular bodies, the bodies typically include a skeleton of sheet metal components that are welded together through resistance spot welding, seam welding and brazing techniques to form what are commonly called “body-in-white” (BIW) structures.
With the growing need to efficiently build vehicles and accommodate varying consumer demand, assembly plants have strived to employ flexible build processes so that different vehicles and varying vehicle models including alternate vehicle bodies, can be built along the same assembly lines. The ability to quickly change over from building one type of body to another causes significant difficulty for facilities due to the limited amount of space around assembly lines and the time required to change over equipment and components that are specific to one vehicle body.
The design, build, installation and commission (testing or prove-out) of new assembly lines is an enormously time consuming and expensive endeavor for both suppliers and the customer vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) ultimately responsible for operation of the assembly facilities and production of the vehicles. Due to increased competition and consumer demand, there is continuous pressure from the OEM's for lower cost and higher efficiency assembly systems (higher vehicle or unit per hour throughput) and for those assembly systems to be 100 percent operational in a shorter amount of time.
Due to the multiple assembly systems, equipment and components that require sequenced operation to assemble a vehicle (or other product), the design of the overall assembly line traditionally required many stages. For example, the final design of equipment, for example called “Time B” equipment, that relies on a supporting structure, for example called “Time A” equipment, traditionally could not be completed until the design of its Time A supporting structure is complete. Once the various Time A support infrastructure and individual assembly systems were designed, built and installed, a substantial portion of the commission or testing of the Time B equipment traditionally could not occur until all of the Time A support structure and equipment is delivered and installed at the OEM assembly plant. This is further complicated by OEM's typically awarding portions of the assembly line Time A and Time B equipment to many different suppliers to leverage the respective supplier's expertise. If a supplier falls behind in the design, build or installation of Time A equipment, that can delay Time B equipment suppliers causing a cascading of delays through the remainder of the design, build, installation and commission stages. It would be further advantageous to have as many of the assembly equipment and systems be generic or non-model specific. That is, these systems and equipment may be used to build most or all variations of a product or vehicle which may have different models or features. These non-model specific systems and equipment (Time A) could then be fabricated, installed and commissioned even when final decisions about the product to be produced have not been made (which affect the Time B non-generic or model-specific assembly equipment and systems).
It has further been time consuming and costly for vehicle OEM's to change over an assembly plant or assembly lines to a new vehicle model or different vehicle altogether. Even simple to moderate changes to the assembly line equipment infrastructure can take days or weeks to complete leading to costly production downtime.
Prior assembly systems have employed specific assembly plant layouts to decrease the plant floor space required and increase efficiency in operations and vehicle throughput. For example, the ComauFlex system, produced by the same assignee of the present invention, has been widely employed by OEM's the details of which can be reviewed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,201,723 the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference and briefly discussed below. Details of variations of the ComauFlex assembly plant layout systems can further be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,869,370; 8,713,780 and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2012/0304446 all assigned to assignee of the present invention and all incorporated herein by reference. These prior systems further reduced the need to store to-be-installed components and subassemblies next to the assembly line and specific assembly stations or cells which cluttered the assembly floor and complicated logistics.
Prior assembly systems have employed some modular vehicle assembly subsystems which provided advantages in new installations and accommodating batch and random vehicle builds where different vehicle models or types of vehicles could be built along the same assembly line with reduced changeover time. Prior assembly subsystems have employed modular robotic assembly stations or cells which could be placed end-to-end to accommodate a specified assembly line or series of operations. For example, each assembly station or cell included a modular, precision-manufactured to close tolerances scaffold frame structure and could be selectively equipped with the necessary number of industrial, multi-axis robots and end effectors for a specified assembly operation. Details can be found in the above-referenced U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,201,723; 8,869,370; 8,713,780 and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2012/0304446 all incorporated herein by reference.
Despite the numerous efficiencies and advantages prior assembly systems provide, many of the above-referenced complexities and disadvantages continue in the design, build, assembly and commission of these equipment and process subsystems, and the assembly system as a whole, in the field. For example, peripheral equipment used in vehicle assembly, for example liquid sealant dispensing devices and fastener feeders, required to support the robot assembly operations at a particular assembly station are traditionally placed on the plant floor and separate conveying systems required to transfer the sealant or fasteners to the robots positioned in the assembly cell for use. As another example, where floor-mounted robots are needed in an assembly cell, much time and effort is traditionally needed to precisely locate and mount the robots in positional relation to the other robots and equipment in the assembly cell. As another example, safety fencing used around an assembly line or cell cannot be designed and tested until most of the assembly cell equipment is designed and installed at the assembly facility.
Examples of the present invention include a modular vehicle assembly line having a plurality of assembly cells having modular systems and equipment which improves on the above complexities and disadvantages in prior assembly systems and methods.
In one example of the invention, a modular application equipment (AE) support pallet device is selectively used to elevationally support and secure application equipment, for example liquid sealant storage tanks and distribution pumps, above the assembly line and assembly tools, for example robots. The modular pallet is selectively connected to the assembly cell frame directly adjacent to, or in close proximity to, the robot (or other assembly tools or equipment) using the specific application equipment and further provides a simple logistical path to convey the consumable material, sealant, fasteners etc. directly into the assembly cell and the robot for application. In an example of a method of the invention, the modular pallet device can be pre-constructed and shipped to the application equipment supplier wherein the application equipment can be mounted and tested at the supplier prior to delivery and installation at the assembly plant. Power, data and material conveying cables and hoses for the mounted peripheral equipment can simply be connected to coordinating equipment at a system integrator's facility or directly at assembly plant for a “plug and play” device enabling efficient installation, connection and commission/testing at the assembly plant.
In another example of an aspect the invention, a modular assembly tool (AT) platform or tray is provided to easily locate and secure required assembly tools and associated AE devices to the modular assembly cell infrastructure. In one example, a floor-level modular robot platform is provided. In the example, an industrial programmable robot, control cabinet and associated accessory devices are preinstalled on a modular AT platform or frame which coordinates with the existing modular assembly cell infrastructure. The modular support platform similarly allows the equipment to be pretested prior to arrival at the system integrator or assembly plant and provides quick and precise positioning with the existing modular assembly cell infrastructure. The simple, secure and precise positioning of the robot relative to the platform, and the platform relative to the assembly cell or station, provides immediate, predictable and highly repeatable location of the robot to the other assembly cell equipment greatly reducing the time and effort to positionally orient, program, and calibrate the robot over traditional devices and methods. The exemplary modular AT platform further provides secure and predictable positioning of AE devices relative to the robot, for example weld tip dressers for spot welding gun end effectors connected to the robots, further adding to plug and play advantages on installation at the assembly plant as described above.
On the need for significant maintenance of the application equipment, or a model changeover at the assembly plant, the modular AE pallets and AT platforms having non-model specific or model-specific AE devices and assembly tools are simply “unplugged” from the non-model specific assembly structures and replaced with the new, refurbished and/or AE devices or assembly tool equipment for the new vehicle model that has been tested/commissioned prior to arrival at the assembly facility or line.
In another example of an aspect of the invention a modular guard fence is used with one or more aspects of the modular assembly station and modular inventive aspects noted above and discussed below. In an example, the guard fence includes a frame that is cantilevered from the assembly frame and, may, but in a preferred aspect, does not require connection to an assembly plant floor which was expensive and time consuming in conventional safety fences and guards. The exemplary fence includes an upper position and a lower position allowing selective access to assembly tools in the assembly station. In one example, a front panel is positioned between the assembly tools and control cabinets and AE devices of an AT platform. This prevents unauthorized access to the assembly tools while allowing access to the control cabinets and selected AE devices while the assembly tools are in operation.
In another example of an aspect of the invention a method of establishing and purchasing a vehicle (or other product) assembly line is presented. In the example, an assembly plant throughput is established and the number of individual assembly lines forming the complete assembly line is determined. The throughput for each assembly line is calculated to meet the overall throughput target. The required assembly line equipment and services are divided up into non-model specific infrastructure equipment and services that are non-vehicle model specific and vehicle model-specific systems.
The non-model specific systems may include the modular frames, conveyors and AE pallets and AT platforms. The non-model specific equipment is singly sourced to a supplier or a minimal number of suppliers. The vehicle model-specific assembly equipment is competitively bid, preferably on an individual assembly line by assembly line basis, the supplier awarded the individual line or lines being responsible for meeting the individual line throughput specification.
The method provides at least the advantages of simultaneous and parallel design activities for non-model specific and model specific equipment, immediate design release of the modular non-model specific technical details of the assembly lines, increased commission of the equipment at the suppliers and rapid installation and final commission at the assembly plant through connection of the modular assembly line components and application equipment mounted thereto. This results in compressed timing to design and install an assembly facility at lower cost and overall lowered business risk which is more evenly shared between the OEM and suppliers awarded portions of the business.
Other applications and aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art when the following description providing examples of the invention are read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings described below.
The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:
Examples of a modular vehicle assembly system and methods 10 are described below and illustrated in
Referring to
In the examples shown, two types of vehicle conveyors are particularly, but not exclusively, useful for transporting the partially completed vehicle body along path 60 and through assembly stations or cells 56. As generally shown in
As generally shown in
In either a pallet-style 106 (
In an alternate example not shown, depending on the vehicle or product to be built, the above referenced lift (not shown) may be positioned prior to the end of a line 40-45 to raise a partially completed vehicle to the upper path 84. Further, an elevated transverse conveyor (not shown) may move a partially completed vehicle body from an upper path 84 of one line 40-45 to an adjacent line for further build or assembly processes.
As best seen in
Other plant layouts, assembly cells, conveyors and tooling devices and methods known by those skilled in the art may be used with the present invention.
Referring to
Using the predetermined assembly line center line and proper longitudinal position of the lower frames, in one example, an assembly cell reference center point 260 for the assembly station is determined as best seen in
In a preferred example, the lower frames 124 include an entrance point, for example the leading frame portion upstream, and an exit point, for example the trailing or furthest portion of frame 120 downstream. The lower frames 124 are precisely positioned longitudinally along path 60 from the known center or reference point 260 to provide a structurally rigid and dimensionally precise foundation for locating upper frames 130. The precision mounting location of the lower frames 124 along path 60 and precision mounting locations for the robots 150 connected to the frame 120 relative to the known reference point 260 of the assembly cell 56 provide accurate, precise and predictable orientation of the robots 150 for programming the movements of the robots 150 assigned functions in the assembly cell 56. In a preferred example, the lower frames 124 are non-model specific. That is, lower frames 124 are standard or generic and do not depend on which type of vehicle or vehicle body (or other product) will be built. The exemplary lower frames 124 are designed to handle or accommodate the building of substantially all passenger vehicles. In an alternate example, the lower frames would be standard or non-model specific for other products that may have options or variations that can be ordered by customers.
As best seen in
In the example illustrated, preferably three inverted multi-axis industrial robots 150 attach to the underside of floor 136 and extend down below floor 136 as generally shown. The upper frame 130 precision mounting surfaces accurately and precisely position the robots 150 relative to the upper 130 and lower 124 frames and assembly cell center point 260 providing a high level of dimensional and locational predictability and repeatability in the initial installed position and orientation of robots 150 with respect to the assembly cell for programming and operation. Alternately, precision located mounting holes are provided in the upper frames 130 to accept modular robot mounting plates (not shown). The mounting plates, for example, can be connected to the robots at the integrator's (i.e. vendor/supplier) facility with easy and precise connection to the upper frames 130 when installed in the assembly plant.
In a preferred example not shown, tapered locating pins may be installed on the upper portions of the lower frame 124 and coordinate with apertures or other details in the mating upper frame 130. The tapered locating pins may be used to guide and position the upper frame 130 into 3-dimensional X, Y and Z precision location relative to the lower frame 124 and then secured in place with large bolts, other fasteners or other securing methods known by those skilled in the art.
Lower 124 and upper 130 frames are preferably made from welded steel elements although other materials known by those skilled in the art may be used. It is understood that lower 124 and upper 130 frames may take other sizes, shapes and configurations than that shown consistent with the above description as known by those skilled in the art.
As best seen in
Referring to
In the exemplary AE pallet 170, mounting surface 174 is a rigid panel having a plurality of through holes or slots, mounting bosses, weld nuts and/or other features for mounting application equipment (AE) 190 suitable for the assembly operations in the assembly cell 56 and most preferably for a particular assembly tool, for example a robot 150. For example, mounting surface 174 can be a rigid steel plate with holes positioned in a 100 millimeter grid pattern for ease of positioning and securing all types of AE devices 190. In a preferred example, where three (3) inverted robots 150 are connected to upper frame 130, three (3) AE pallets 170 are preferably used providing the respective AE device 190 needed to support the respective robot 150 assigned an assembly task. As seen in
The far right AE device 170 has a consumable materials fastener feeder 198 connected thereto. Such fastener feeders may include consumable rivets, weld studs, weld nuts, screws and other fasteners common to vehicle body operations known by those skilled in the art. The far left AE support 170 includes a third application equipment, for example a welding controller for a resistance spot welding of aluminum application. Other AE devices 190 needed to support common vehicle body (or other product) assembly operations may include equipment necessary to support welding operations including, but not limited to, resistance spot, seam, laser, brazing, piercing and clinching operations. Examples of consumables for seam or brazing operations may include welding wire or electrodes that are selectively fed by a feeder to the assembly tool in the assembly station as further described below. It is understood herein that reference of supply of consumable or other materials from the AE devices to the assembly tool, for example a robot, also includes the supply to any end effector or other tool connected to the assembly tool. Other AE devices 190, and consumable materials used thereby, known by those skilled in the art may be packaged and secured to a respective AE pallet 170. Although described as useful with robots 150, it is understood that AE devices 190 can be used with other assembly tools and equipment needed to support assembly and manufacturing line processes and operations known by those skilled in the art.
Referring to
Referring to
In the examples, AE pallet 170 is configured to form a pallet-like support structure for any AE device 190 to provide consumable materials, other materials, or services (for example electrical power, fluids or data) to the assembly line, preferably adjacent exemplary industrial robots 150. In a preferred example, pallet 170 width 176 is approximately 36 inches. In a preferred example, the combined widths 140 of upper frame 130 floor 136 and width 176 of AE support are less than 96 inches which is the standard width of a commercial boxcar shipping container. Other widths 140 of floor 136 and AE pallet 170 may be used to suit the particular application and assembly line environment. It is also in the scope of invention that the widths can comprise two or more pieces for ease of shipping and then assembled at the system integrator or on site at the assembly facility.
The exemplary pallet 170 is preferably configured, oriented and adapted to be lifted, carried and elevated by a forklift common in assembly plants. In one exemplary use, the modular AE pallets 170 are shipped “empty” to a supplier/vendor responsible for providing AE devices 190 to support assembly operations in one or more assembly cells 56 along one or more assembly lines 38-45. The vendor can design and package the AE devices 190 in the space provided by the modular pallet 170, securely mount the AE device 190 to the top 174 and fully test and commission the operation of the equipment at the supplier's facility thereby providing tested and ready to use equipment on installation at the assembly plant. It is understood that AE devices 190 may be mounted in other orientations with respect to pallet 170, for example connected to the underside of top surface and extending downward. Other mounting and orientations of AE devices 190 to pallets 170 known by those skilled in the art may be used.
As best seen in
Referring to
In a preferred example, where a robot 150 uses consumable materials, for example rivets, screws, or weld studs, to perform the predetermined assembly task, conduit 200 may include a pipe 205 is connected to the AE device 190 and routed through or around the AE pallet 170, under upper frame 130, through or around robot wrist 152 to the end effector 156 for the routing of consumable materials to assist assembly operations for that particular assembly tool. For example, it is common along vehicle body assembly lines to install adhesives, sealants and weld studs to the partially completed vehicle body in assembly cell 56. Where a robot 150 is tasked with welding operations, the fluid dispensing system 194 may provide water or other fluids to cool the equipment for continuous operation. Additional AE devices may be installed on the same AE pallet to further support, for example, a seam welding robot through feeding of consumable welding electrode through conduit 200 to support the welding operation. It is understood that conduit 200 could be a pipe or casing separate from the individual cables/wires and pipes described above, or may simple be the cables/wires and pipes themselves.
In the example where an AE pallet 170 includes fastener AE devices 190, conduit 200 may include hoses or pipes for the transport of fasteners into the assembly cell. In a preferred example, AE pallet 170 includes one or larger routing apertures (not shown) in top 174 and open face 178 for the ease of routing conduit 200 laterally toward upper frame 130. The assigned robot 150 or other assembly cell tools would include the appropriate coordinating and reciprocal connectors so conduits 200 and/or 202, 204 and 205 can be rapidly connected for communication of consumable materials, data and other items on installation of the modular AE pallet 170 to upper frame 130 as described. Other communication lines, conduits and routing techniques and connections known by those skilled in the art may be used. For example, the conduit 200 may simply be routed around the AE pallet floor versus through apertures in the floor as described.
It is understood that conduit 200 may come installed with the AE pallet and AE device as transferred into the assembly facility or may be largely, if not wholly installed in the assembly station. In the latter example, the AE device 190 may have a short conduit or simply connectors on the AE device 190 so it can be rapidly connected and placed in communication with the assembly cell control cabinet and/or the assembly tool in the manners described. In combination of conduits 200 is also contemplated. For example, both the assembly station and AE device may have a conduit with coordinating connectors which are engaged on installation of the AE pallet to the frame. It is also contemplated that the AE pallet 170 comes “pre-wired” and includes coordinating connectors on the pallet 170. For example, the pallet 170 may have common connectors or a bank of plugs wherein the AE device plugs into the pallet 170. On installation of the AE pallet to the assembly frame, wires/cables and pipes preinstalled in the assembly station are routed and plugged into another bank of connectors/plugs which place the AE device 190 in communication with the assembly tool and control cabinets in the manners described. Other structures and methods of connecting the AE pallet and AE device in communication with the assembly station known by those skilled in the art may be used.
There are numerous advantages to the modular AE pallet system as described and illustrated. For example, if the mounted first AE device 190 fails and it is too time consuming or costly to repair or replace the first AE device 190 on site at the assembly line, the entire first pallet 170 can be disconnected and replaced with a replacement first modular pallet 170 with a pre-installed and tested replacement first AE device 190 with minimal assembly line downtime and logistical disruption. This modularity and plug and play connectively will greatly reduce critical downtime of the assembly line for repairs, replacement and time consuming maintenance of application equipment 190.
The modularity also is a major advantage for vehicle model and other product changeovers requiring reassignment of a robot 150 assembly operation or other assembly line tools/equipment. For example, a second AE pallet 170 with a second AE device 190 suitable for the new assembly tool or operation can be quickly mounted to upper frame 130 through a forklift or existing gantry crane and connected to the retasked or new assembly tool through conduit 200 as described above. In a preferred example, the second AE pallet would be the same modular AE pallet 170 used with the first AE device, but having a different, second AE device 190 connected to it suitable for the alternate assembly operation by the assembly tool. It is contemplated that more than one type or form of modular AE pallet 170 may be used to accommodate the various AE devices 190 or assembly line operations.
The elevation of the application equipment 190 further removes such equipment from traditional placement on plant floor 14 and routing of the communication or support lines up to the inverted robots 150 which typically required dedicated frames to support and route the lines, for example hoses and fastener conduits.
In a preferred system 10 and application of AE pallets 170 and application equipment 190 shown in
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In a preferred application, rails 246 are rigidly connected to a continuous product conveyor or other equipment positioned along the assembly line or path 60 relative to the assembly station reference point 260 as best seen in
Although platform 220 base is shown including rails 246, it is understood that the frame or support structure can vary depending on the assembly tools and AE equipment and application. For example, support 220 may include a pallet-like structure as 170 so the AT platform 220 can be transferred and moved to the line by a forklift. The exemplary base plate may include a heavy steel plate with a grid of equally spaced holes 100 millimeters (mm) for ease of mounting the assembly tools and AE devices. The plate may be supported by rails 246 or other structures known by those skilled in the art. It is understood other platform 220 constructions to position and mount platform 220 to the conveyor or support structure 110 can be used as known by those skilled in the art.
As discussed above for the inverted robots 150, the exemplary precision base plates 236, rails 246 and mounting holes 240, 250 and 252 provide for accurate, precise and repeatable X, Y and Z coordinate dimensional positioning of the robot 226 relative to the known assembly cell center point 260 and other assembly station equipment thereby facilitating rapid placement, plug and play and programming of the exemplary robots 226 for assembly operations once installed at the assembly plant. AT platform 220 may be connected to mounting plates that are installed in the assembly plant floor in a similar manner to those described for mounting assembly station lower frames 124 described above and below for
Modular AT platforms 220 may further include the necessary control cabinets 156 to power and communicate programs and data with the respective assembly tools and AE devices 190 installed on support 220. Similar to the modular AE pallets 170 and AE devices 190 discussed above, one or more of the assembly tools, AE devices 190 and control cabinets can be pre-installed on base plates 236 and/or frames/platforms 246 at the assembly tool or other supplier's facility and be fully commissioned/tested before shipment to the system integrator or directly to the assembly plant for installation. Similarly as described for AE pallets 170, the AT platforms 220 can be pre-wired and cabled as necessary with a conduit 200 for plug and play installation and operation at the assembly facility as similarly described above. The AE devices 190 can supply consumables and other materials and functions to the assembly tools, for example robots 226, as described for AE pallets 170.
The preferably self-contained, operational and initially tested/commissioned modular AT platforms 220 and equipment thereon can be transported to the assembly line, rapidly secured and connected to the existing assembly station equipment and control system in a plug and play manner as generally described for AE pallets 170 and AE devices 190. This greatly reduces the time and effort to locate, program and calibrate the assembly tool into the assembly station for rapid, small/close dimensional tolerance production operation.
It is understood that any control cabinets and AE devices required for AT platform 220 can be mounted to the base 236 or other structure described above or can be stand alone devices that are separately and independently positioned and secured in proximity to the AT platform assembly tool. In one example where robots 226 are tasked with spot welding functions, an example of an AE device 190 can be automated weld tip dressers (not shown) precisely positioned on a larger base plate 236 or frame relative to the robot. For example, at scheduled intervals, the robots 226 can be programmed to run a maintenance cycle wherein the robots position the end effector spot weld gun weld tips in engagement with the weld tip dressers to condition the weld tips for optimum and continuous operation of the assembly cell. Other AE devices 190 discussed above, and methods of coordinating, integrating and connecting and connecting these devices with assembly tools known by those skilled in the art may be used.
Referring to
Front 286 and side 290 side panels can be made from steel, aluminum or other materials, for example transparent materials like polycarbonate, forming a grating or barrier to keep personnel and objects from unauthorized entry into the assembly station. Other materials, sizes, shapes and configurations of the panels and frames known by those skilled in the art may be used.
In a preferred application of modular fence 270, the front panel 286 is slidingly mounted in guides 296 and connected to a retractor device 300. An example of a retractor device 300 includes an electric motor 302 mounted to upper frame 130, a cable 304 and a stationary pulley 308 as generally shown. The retractor is selectively operable by an operator or control system (not shown) to raise the front panel from a first lower position 310 proximate floor 14 to a raised upper position 316. Upper position 316 is preferably of sufficient height such that operators and other equipment, for example forklifts, can enter assembly cell 56 and access and move assembly tools and other equipment to and from assembly cell 56 as necessary in the normal operation of the facility.
As best seen in
In a preferred application and operation of fence 270, the front panel 286 is normally positioned in the lower position 310 when the assembly station 56 is energized or in active assembly operations. When maintenance or access to equipment inside of assembly cell 56 is required, retractor device 300 can be engaged manually or through signals received from a local or central controller (not shown), to raise front panel 286 to the upper position 316 allowing personnel and equipment easy access into the cell 56 without the need for disassembly or partial removal/relocation of traditional protective fences or guards. It is understood that different configurations of fence 280 can be made to suit the particular assembly cell or line and known by those skilled in the art. Further, retractor 300 can take other forms and features known by those skilled in the art. For example, front panels can be manually raised and locked into place with pins or other devices and then manually lowered to continue assembly operations.
Referring to
In an optional step 435, the installed AE device 190 on the modular pallet 170 is pre-wired/pre-cabled with conduit 200 including power and data communication lines 206 appropriate for the assembly station, assembly tool and/or assembly operation and mated with coordinating connectors for attachment with connectors on the control cabinets, the robots 150, other assembly tools or other assembly cell equipment. The AE device 190 is then preferably tested/commission at the vendor or system integration to ensure proper operation before shipment to the assembly plant. In some AE devices 190, advanced testing and pre-programming of software can be performed at the vendor with minimal or no modifications and adjustments being necessary at the assembly plant for volume production.
In exemplary step 440, the modular AE pallet 170 and installed AE device 190 is shipped to an intermediary system integrator facility, or alternately directly to the assembly plant, and matched with the prefabricated assembly scaffold frame 120, conveyors, non-model specific equipment, for example pre-installed robots 150, and selected model-specific equipment assigned the assembly task supported by the application equipment 190. The pallet 170 may be elevated into position proximate upper frame 130 and floor 136 by a forklift or other lifting mechanism. The modular pallet 170 is then engaged to the upper frame 130 in the examples described, for example engagement of hooks 188 with coordinating slots 144 in upper frame 130.
In exemplary step 450, the application equipment conduit 200 is routed and the prewired or pre-cabled lines 202, 204, 205 and/or 206 are connected to the pre-wired or pre-cabled robot 150, control cabinets or other cell equipment for rapid install, communication and operation of the assembly cell 56. In an optional step (not illustrated), consumables 216 are transferred to and placed on upper frame(s) 130 through distribution decks 212 to supply the respective AE devices 190 with needed materials to support the predetermined assembly operations.
In an optional step 460, on a failure or required heavy maintenance of the AE device 190 installed on the modular AE pallet 170, the entire pallet 170 is preferably disconnected from the control cabinet, robots and upper frame 130 and quickly replaced with another pallet 170 with replacement or alternate AE device(s) 190. This equally applies where a product model changeover occurs and/or robot tasks changed. The existing AE pallets 170 with AE device 190 is disconnected and swapped out with an alternate pallet 170 having the appropriate AE device 190 for the new assembly task.
As described, the process 400 may equally be applied to AT platforms 220, or the AE devices 190 used therewith as described. For example, if a robot assembly tool fails or needs heavy maintenance, the modular AT platform 220 can be disconnected and replaced with a new or alternate assembly tool and AE devices 190 as required, and connected to the conveyor or other equipment as described above. The mounting points of the base 236, rails 246 and conveyor provide for rapid reconnection of a replacement AT platform 220 relative to the assembly station and/or assembly station reference point 260 thereby minimizing reprogramming or calibration of the new assembly tool.
Referring to
In an initial step not shown, the centerline of assembly line 60 is preferably determined. In one example, the centerline is determined from existing X, Y and Z dimensional coordinate reference points defined by the assembly plant. An assembly cell reference point 260 may be determined as described above.
In the example, in step 510 lower frame 124 mounting plates are secured to the assembly plant floor 14 in predetermined locations relative to the assembly line 60, assembly center line and/or assembly cell centerpoint 260 as generally described and illustrated. In step 520, the lower frames 124 are removably secured to the mounting plates on both sides of the assembly line path 60. The attachment points where the lower frames attach to the floor mounting plates are preferably laterally spaced from the assembly line centerline and longitudinally positioned along the assembly line at predetermined locations. In an alternate method (not shown), the lower frames 124 are mounted to the floor at predetermined locations which then the below conveyor is positioned and mounted with respect thereto. The assembly cell reference point 260 may then be established based on the installed frame and conveyor.
In step 530 the vehicle conveyor system along assembly path 60 is installed as well as any framing needed where a return conveyor along a return upper path 84 is installed. In an optional step 535 where an overhead conveyor is used as generally shown in
In exemplary step 540, the assembly station upper frame 130 is installed and secured atop the lower frame 124. In one example, the assembly tool industrial robots 150 and control cabinets 160 are pre-installed on the upper frame 130 as a unit by a vendor prior to delivery to the assembly cell and prior to securing it to lower frame 124. In a preferred example, the upper frames 130, although may all be modular, identical and standard in construction, are shipped “empty” to a vendor for installation of model-specific equipment, for example preprogrammed assembly tool robots 150 and appropriate control cabinets 160. The vendor, similar to that described for AE pallets 170 and AE devices 190, installs and commissions the assembly tools and/or model specific equipment on upper frame 130 (or as much as practically possible depending on the equipment and application) at the vendor or system integrator's facility prior to shipment to the assembly facility for installation into the assembly station 56 and final commission for production assembly. Alternately, the robots 150 and control cabinets 160 may be installed following installation of the upper frame 130 onto the lower frame 124 in the assembly facility or in another sequence as known by those skilled in the art.
In exemplary step 550 the AE pallets 170 with preinstalled and commissioned vehicle/product model specific AE devices 190 are transported to the assembly facility and secured to upper frames 130, coordinated with the appropriate control cabinet, and electronically connected to the robot 150, end effector or other assembly cell tools and equipment as generally described above. The same or similar process would be carried out for any model specific modular AT platforms 220 for a pallet-style conveyor system (
In exemplary step 560, unique vehicle or product model specific tooling trays, tooling, fixtures and other equipment are delivered and installed to complete the operational assembly station equipment.
In exemplary step 570, any remaining protective fences 270 to accommodate the model specific equipment are installed and/or enabled. It is understood that depending on the assembly cell, part or all of the protective fence or fences 270 may be installed earlier as described or where appropriate in the cell assembly process.
Referring to
In the example, step 610 establishes high level assembly plant parameters including plant size and target vehicle (or other product) throughput (vehicles/products per hour, shift, week and/or month or other periods or variables).
In step 620, the assembly plant is preferably simulated three-dimensionally through CAD-CAM or other simulation tools to establish the number of assembly lines and throughput and/or efficiency of each individual assembly line. It is understood this step could be done manually or through other conventional processes and mechanisms known by those skilled in the art.
In step 620, the assembly operations and equipment necessary for completing the assembly tasks are determined for each assembly line 40-45. For each assembly line, the equipment is initially determined to be vehicle/product non-model specific or vehicle/product model specific. In the example, equipment is vehicle non-model specific if the equipment is useful in assembly regardless of which vehicle model or body style is being assembled. An example of vehicle non-model specific and model specific for the described system 10 is:
Vehicle Body Non-Model (NM) Specific:
Conveyor (overhead-style 90 or pallet-style 106);
Lower 124 and upper 130 assembly cell frames (without robots 150 or control cabinets);
Frame 54 for return conveyor along path 84;
Carriage/pallet elevator device to move from lower path 60 to upper path 84;
Transverse tooling conveyor 112;
Robots 150/226 that are not preprogrammed for particular assembly operations;
Modular AE pallets 170 (without application equipment 190);
Distribution decks 212;
Modular AT platforms 220 (without robots or control cabinets or accessories); and
Partial or all protective fencing 270.
Vehicle Body Model Specific (MS):
Unique tooling and fixtures for conveyor suspended carriages and pallets;
Unique tooling and fixtures for to-be-assembled component panels/trays
Unique tooling and fixtures for transverse tooling conveyor 112;
Robots 150/226, robot controls and control cabinets 160 and preprogrammed and stored software for particular assembly tasks/operations;
AE devices 190; and
In step 630, in a preferred example, the non-model specific equipment is placed out for competitive bid contract and awarded to a single or minimum number of vendors. In the example for system 10, all vehicle non-model specific assembly equipment for all assembly lines may be sourced to one vendor. This is possible in part as the non-model specific equipment is standard and/or modular and at least partially pre-designed. This reduces and minimizes prior processes which took months and months to largely, if not wholly, custom design the non-model specific infrastructure and equipment for every assembly plant. In system 10, since the non-model specific equipment is preferably modular and predesigned, the process to bid and award happens far more quickly than the conventional process.
At this optional point in time for step 635, fabrication can begin on the system 10 modular non-model specific infrastructure and equipment.
In step 640, based on the predetermined and preferably already designed modular, non-model specific equipment, the vehicle model specific assembly equipment is specified and competitively placed out for supply bid contract. In a significant advantage over conventional processes, the bids for the model specific equipment can go out much faster, possibly many months faster, as the non-model specific designs, or a great many portions thereof, are already complete. In one example in step 640, supply contracts for the model specific equipment for each assembly line 40-45, or combinations of assembly lines, may be awarded to other integrators/vendors. During this period 640, the non-model specific equipment is already partially or wholly awarded and preferably fabrication already underway.
In a preferred example of step 640, each winning model specific vendor would be responsible for the required product throughput performance for the awarded lines. It is understood that steps 635 and 640 can occur simultaneously or even switched depending on how long the lead times are for effective management of the quotation process.
In exemplary step 650, the awarded model specific equipment is designed. During this period, fabrication of the awarded non-model specific in step 635 continues. Where appropriate, in step 655 installation of the completed non-model specific equipment can occur at the assembly facility for initial commission. Where non-model specific equipment is to be delivered to the model-specific vendor, for example empty upper frames 130, AE pallets 170 and AE platforms 220, these can be shipped to the model specific vendors in step 660.
In exemplary step 670, the model specific equipment is fabricated and commissioned/tested. In a preferred example respecting upper frames 130, AE pallets 170, AE supports 220 and necessary AE devices 190 are installed, wired and plumbed with the appropriate cables and harnesses and tested at the vendor's facility as generally described above.
In exemplary step 680 the tested vehicle model specific equipment arrives and is installed at a system integrator or directly at the assembly plant. In the example of the AE pallets 170 with installed AE devices 190, the AE pallets are lifted into position and quickly secured to upper frame 130 as previously described. The conduit 200, which may include one or more of 202, 204, 205 and 206 are quickly and readily connected to the control cabinets, robot 150 (or other assembly tools or equipment) and coordinated with the equipment in the assembly station for rapid and already proven operability avoiding may problems and delays in conventional systems. This similarly occurs for modular AT platforms 220 as previously described. Other model-specific equipment is fabricated, tested and installed in the same manner. If the particular assembly plant or equipment warrants it, the fabricated modular upper frame 130 may have been shipped to the model-specific vendor. In such an instance, the robots 150, AE pallets 170, AE devices 190, and control cabinets 160 may arrive to the assembly plant and be installed as a completed unit atop the lower frames 124. Alternately, the separate AE pallets 170 shipped to the assembly facility, but can be installed after the upper frame and robots are installed on the lower frames 124.
In one optional step (not shown), on initial installation or once production assembly begins, for example if a particular first AE device 190 fails or needs maintenance or refurbishment, the entire first AE pallet 170 or platform 220 that the respective failed first AE device 190 or assembly tool is secured to can be quickly disconnected and removed from upper frame 130 or conveyor and replaced. In one example, new (or refurbished) and tested replacement first AE device or alternate second AE device 190 preinstalled on an alternate or second AE pallet 170 can be raised, secured to upper frame 130 and connected to the control cabinet, robot and assembly cell in a matter described above.
Once operational, in an optional step not shown the individual assembly lines 40-45 throughput requirements are monitored and enforced on an assembly line-by-line basis, and the respective equipment vendor which supplied the particular model specific line and/or equipment is held accountable to meet the predetermined performance targets, to ensure the overall assembly line and assembly plant vehicle/product throughput specification is achieved.
For all of the described and illustrated methods 400, 500 and 600, it is understood that additional steps, fewer steps and reordering of the above steps consistent with this technical disclosure can be made to suit the particular application and performance specifications as known by those skilled in the art without deviating from the present invention.
Although described individually, the modular AE pallets 170, AT platforms 220 and fence 270 may all be included, or separately included in various combinations to suit the particular application, to form the system 10 structure and methods as described and/or illustrated herein.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures as is permitted under the law.
This application claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/091,687 filed Dec. 15, 2014 the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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