Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6483439
-
Patent Number
6,483,439
-
Date Filed
Thursday, October 14, 199925 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, November 19, 200222 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
Agents
- Lukacher; Kenneth J.
- Lukacher; Martin
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 340 81665
- 340 81545
- 340 473
- 340 908
- 340 9081
- 340 985
- 362 800
- 362 812
- 362 240
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
A warning lamp, provides multi status indication by being illuminated in selected ones of a plurality of colors or by flashing a selected color or colors sequentially. The lamp has a pair of printed circuit boards disposed, one in a base and another upstanding from the base along a central axis, extending midway through the upstanding board. Around the upstanding board and coaxial therewith is a lens which is mounted in assembled relationship with the boards and the base. The upstanding board has arrays of light emitting diodes (LEDs), disposed along spaced lines which are parallel to the axis. The LEDs along different lines provide light of different color, for example, red, green and amber. The printed circuit boards provide a subassembly in which the bottom portion of the upstanding board and the other board are contained in a plastic casting disposed in a recess in the base. The boards carry circuits and circuit components which connect the arrays to leads which extend through the base and which carry current for each of the groups of lamps in the arrays so that they may be selectively illuminated or illuminated in sequence.
Description
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to lamps for providing warning and/or status indications and particularly to lamps which provide such warnings and status illuminations in terms of the color or sequence of colors which the lamp is caused to radiate. The radiation from the lamp is omnidirectional so as to provide an omnidirectional beacon.
The lamp provides illumination, which can be in a multiplicity of colors, omnidirectionally, without the need of optical elements such as reflectors to direct the illumination in an omnidirectional pattern. The lamp provided by the invention may be implemented by a circuit board which extends along an axis about which illumination radiates omnidirectionally. The board has arrays of sources on opposite side surfaces thereof; preferably in lines of sources which parallel the axis. When multicolor illumination is desired, the sources in each line may radiate a different color. The board may be an upstanding printed circuit board mounted on another board which carries current to the sources in the array. The boards provide a subassembly which may mounted in the base of the lamp and covered by a transparent cover which may have striations so as to provide a Fresnel type lens. The base may be mounted on a panel so that the axis extends generally perpendicular to the panel. The sources are preferably LEDs which are mounted on the opposite side surfaces of the upstanding boards. These LEDs are preferably of the type which emit light in a relatively wide angle generally cone shaped radiation pattern which incudes an angle of about 120°, thereby avoiding blind spots in the omnidirectional radiation from the lamp.
LED lamps have been proposed wherein the LEDs are in a panel. Special reflectors are utilized to project illumination in a generally perpendicular direction away from the panel. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,765,940, issued Jun. 16, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,184,114, issued Feb. 2, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,534, Jul. 25, 1995; U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,433, Jan. 4, 1997; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,271,408, Jun. 2, 1991. Where omnidirectional radiation is desired, radial or circular arrays of LED sources have been proposed. In order to provide omnidirectional radiation from the sources emanating via the sides of the lamp, optics such as reflectors have been used to turn and distribute the illumination from the sources. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,224,773 issued Jul. 16, 1993, and Vukosic U.S. Pat. No. 5,929,788, issued Jul. 27, 1999, as well as the patents cited therein.
Accordingly, it is a principal feature of the invention to provide an improved lamp capable of providing omnidirectional illumination from an array of light sources carried on a printed circuit board, and particularly on opposite side surfaces of the board.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide a lamp which emits light in a plurality of colors omnidirectionally, 360° about an axis and can provide such colors selectively and in selected sequences.
It is still another feature of the invention to provide an improved multicolor omnidirectional warning or status indicator lamp which does not require optics for projecting and directing illumination from an array of lamps mounted in generally coplanar relationship on a board, thereby enabling to be implementations at lower cost than lamps having similar capabilities, which have heretofore been available.
Briefly described, a lamp in accordance with the invention, which provides illumination omnidirectionally 360° about an axis, has a first board disposed perpendicular to the axis and a second board mounted on the first board and disposed along the axis. The second board has opposite sides. Light source elements, preferably LEDs are mounted in arrays on both of the sides of the second board. A transparent cover is disposed around the second board in assembled relationship with the boards, as by being connected to a base in which a subassembly of the first and second boards are disposed, with the second board upstanding from the base. Lamps in the arrays may be of different color along different lines in the arrays. These lines are preferably parallel to the axis and distributed over a substantial portion of the surfaces of the boards so that the illumination is in a wide angle beacon 360° about the axis.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will becomes more apparent from a reading of the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2
are sectional views, along planes 90° with respect to each other along lines
1
—
1
and
2
—
2
in
FIG. 7
, respectively and showing a warning or status indicator lamp provided in accordance with the presently preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3
is an exploded view of the lamp shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2
;
FIG. 4
are side views illustrating the side surfaces of the upstanding board on which arrays of LEDs are mounted, the board being disposed along the axis about which light is emitted omnidirectionally;
FIG. 5
is a circuit diagram illustrating the connections to the arrays of lamps shown in
FIG. 4
;
FIGS. 6A and 6B
is a schematic diagram illustrating the circuit for operating the arrays of lamps shown in
FIG. 5
;
FIG. 7
is a plan view of the lower board containing the circuits via which power is provided to energize the LEDs in the arrays of LEDs on opposite sides of the upstanding board shown in the preceding figures.
Referring to
FIGS. 1
,
2
,
3
,
4
, and
7
, the lamp provided by this invention is made up of a subassembly
10
of a first printed circuit board
12
and a second printed circuit board
14
which are disposed perpendicular to each other. The first board
12
is generally circular in a plan view as shown in FIG.
7
. This board mounts the electrical components of the lamp which control and carry current to arrays
16
and
18
of LEDs. See FIG.
6
.
The arrays have
6
lines of LEDs which are generally parallel to each other and to the longitudinal edges of the board
14
. The arrays
16
and
18
are on opposite side surfaces of the board. These opposite side surfaces are indicated as
14
a
and
14
b
in FIG.
4
. The diodes in each line emit different colors, namely green or blue, amber (by which term yellow is included) and red. The colors are indicated by the color code in FIG.
4
. One of the side surfaces
14
a
is the top or component side of the PC board
14
, while the other side surface
14
b
is the bottom or copper side of the board
14
. A connector JP
1
which is attached to the lower board
12
attaches the upstanding board
14
to the lower board so that the lower edge along the width of the upstanding board
14
is adjacent to the upper surface of the lower board
12
. The subassembly
10
is potted or cast in a body
17
of plastic which also maintains the boards
12
and
14
assembled thereby providing the subassembly
10
.
The components, transistors and resistors and integrated circuits, on the lower board
12
are laid out as indicated in FIG.
7
. Some of these components including two of the transistors Q
1
and Q
2
extend above the plastic body
17
. The components on the lower board
12
, which are shown in
FIGS. 1
,
2
and
4
, are indicated by the referenced numeral
19
. In addition to the LEDs on the upstanding board
14
, there are three diodes which are shown as D
41
,
42
and
43
in the circuit diagram of the LED arrays in FIG.
5
. The black dots on the surfaces of the boards
12
and
14
indicate holes for the passage of conductors.
There are four leads (long insulated conductors
20
,
22
,
24
, and
26
) which are shown in FIG.
3
and are connected to the lamp circuits on the lower board
12
. The subassembly
10
is received in a recess
28
in a base
30
. The base is generally cylindrical as is the recess
28
. The subassembly
10
may be attached by double sided tape (two crossed strips
32
, one of which is shown in FIG.
3
). An O-ring
34
, to provide a water resistant seal, is disposed between a transparent cover
36
which is attached to the base by means of screws
38
so as to maintain the base
30
with the subassembly
10
and the cover
36
and assembled relationship.
The cover
36
also has striations or lenticular hills
40
on its outside surface and therefore provides Fresnel lens for distributing the light emitted by the LED arrays
16
and
18
omnidirectionally about a central axis
42
of the lamp assembly. The leads
20
,
22
,
24
, and
26
extend through a threaded open collar
44
of the base
30
. A elastic washer
46
which is captured by a screw
48
provides a seal for mounting the lamp on a horizontal surface such as a panel of a machine with which the lamp is used as a status indicator. The LEDs preferably provide a wide angle illumination or radiation pattern which is generally conical with an apex at the LED, and which includes a solid angle of about 120 degrees in which the intensity of illumination does not diminish more than about 50%. Commercially available LEDs which are suitable are for red, HLMT-PH00 or HMSC-S660; for amber, HMLT-PL06; for green, NSCG-6100; and for blue, NSCB100.
The LEDs of the arrays are disposed in staggered relationship so that each line may be connected together in two pairs of lines for each color on the opposite side surfaces
14
a
and
14
b.
This provides a group of red LEDs made up of a line of 8, namely D
1
through D
8
and another line D
33
to D
40
(See also FIG.
5
). The amber LEDs are also in two lines of eight, namely D
9
to D
16
and D
25
to D
32
. In this embodiment, there are two lines of green or blue LEDs D
17
to D
19
and D
21
to D
23
. Each line of a different color is interweaved with a line of another color as shown in FIG.
4
. The lines are all parallel to the axis
42
and extend the majority of the longitudinal dimension of the cover so as to emit illumination via the cover
36
and be distributed by the lens striations. Not only are the lines parallel to each other, they are also parallel to the axis
42
. The lines are desirably as close to the axis
42
as permitted by the size of the LED devices and space required for interconnections.
The LEDs in each group may be illuminated at the same time and the different groups illuminated at different times so as to provide red, amber and green or blue illumination which may connote different status of the equipment or other control function which is to be provided, for example whether the machine which is equipped with the lamp is running, in standby or stopped.
Referring to
FIGS. 5
,
6
A and
6
B, there are shown three lines E
1
of which may be the hot or positive line and Ed,
3
and
4
control lines. The lamp may be set up to operate with DC voltage, say 24 volts DC, or AC voltage, say 120 volt AC. The hot line is connected to terminal E
1
which connects to the circuit on the lower board via one of the lines
20
,
22
,
24
and
26
FIG.
3
. The control lines E
2
, E
3
and E
4
correspond to the three different color groups of LEDs and are connectable, selectively, to ground. Between the hot line and the ground lines there are diodes D
2
, D
3
and D
4
which are connected through a resistor R
8
to provide a leakage current path for the control circuits. For example, PLC controllers must have leakage current accommodation.
The groups of red, green or blue and amber LEDs are connected between the JP
1
connector and a computerized control circuit
50
having a microprocessor U
1
. There are three control leads
52
,
54
, and
56
from the LED lines to the controller
50
. These connect to one side of the three pairs of lines, while the other side is connected to the hot line either in parallel when 24 volt DC power is used or in series when 120 volt AC power is used. The series connection is made through resistors R
1
and R
2
for the red lines, R
3
and R
4
for the amber or yellow lines and R
5
and R
6
for the green or blue lines. For parallel operation, the series connected lines of LEDs are connected in parallel via the resistors R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
or R
6
, separately. In such case the connections between ER
1
, ER
3
and ER
5
to the junction between the resistor pairs R
1
and R
2
, R
3
and R
4
, R
5
and R
6
, as shown by the dashed lines are made. This is a factory setup depending upon whether the lamp is to be used for 120 volt AC or 24 volt DC operation. In the event that AC operation is utilized, rectification is provided by diodes D
5
, D
6
and D
9
so that the circuitry works on rectified half cycles of the AC power. Power for operating the controller is obtained by a rectifying and voltage limiting Zener diode ZD
1
which is paralleled by a capacitor C
1
and a resistor R
15
. The operating power, such as five volts, is thereby generated and applied to the microprocessor U
1
.
When the lamp is setup for 24 volt DC operation, the connections shown at terminals ED
5
, ED
6
and ED
7
by the dashed lines are made. Then the red, amber and green or blue arrays areas selected by applying ground to E
2
, E
3
or E
4
, respectively.
The controller
50
is used to provide intelligent operation so as to provide different sequences of illumination when more than one control line E
2
, E
3
or E
4
is connected to ground. Also the controller may be setup by means of pins P
1
to provide steady or flashing illumination of the same color or sequences of colors.
The microprocessor has three detector inputs GP
0
, GP
1
and GP
3
which are connected via diodes D
6
, D
7
and D
10
to the control terminals E
2
, E
3
and E
4
. A resistor block having resistive elements between adjacent pairs of terminals
1
and
2
,
3
and
4
, and
5
and
6
completes the connection to the control terminal E
2
, E
3
and E
4
via the diodes D
6
, D
7
and D
10
. The outputs of the microprocessor GP
4
,
5
, and
6
are connected via a resistor block RS
1
, which like the block RS
2
has resistors between pairs of its terminals
1
and
2
,
3
and
4
and
5
and
6
, is connected to the base of the control transistors Q
1
, Q
2
and Q
3
. These transistors are switched on by the microprocessor U
1
depending on whether the control terminals E
2
, E
3
and E
4
are grounded. Connections between the hot side of the circuit and the grounded terminals for each of the groups of the LEDs (the red, amber and green or blue group) are made via these transistors. The sequence in which the groups of LEDs are powered and illuminated is programmed in the microprocessor U
1
, as is their flashing cycle, if flashing is enabled by P
1
.
From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that there has been provided an improved warning or status indicator lamp. Variations and modifications in the herein described lamp, within the scope of the invention will undoubtedly suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be taken as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims
- 1. A warning lamp providing illumination omni directionally 360° about an axis, said lamp comprising a first circuit board disposed on and perpendicular to said axis, a second circuit board mounted on said first board and disposed along said axis, said second board having opposite sides, light source elements mounted in arrays on both sides of said second board, a transparent cover in assembled relationship with said boards and disposed around said second board.
- 2. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said elements are light emitting diodes (LEDs).
- 3. The lamp according to claim 2 wherein said diodes have light emitters having geometrical light emitting patterns which are generally conical with apexes at said emitters and encompassing solid angles of at least about 120° wherein the intensity of illumination is within about 50% of the maximum intensity in said pattern.
- 4. The lamp according to claim 2 wherein said diodes are mounted on surfaces of said second board along generally parallel lines.
- 5. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said second board is rectangular and said cover is generally cylindrical and coaxial with said axis, said second board having a width generally bisecting said axis which is about 30% of the diameter of said cover along the inside thereof, said array on each side of said second board encompassing more than half of the areas of each of surfaces of said second board.
- 6. The lamp according to claim 5 wherein said elements are LEDs mounted on the surfaces of said second board.
- 7. The lamp according to claim 5 wherein said lamp has a cylindrical base, said first board being generally circular and being disposed on an inside surface of said base, said second board being rectangular and projecting from said base in a direction along the length of said second board, said cover being connected to said base at one end of said cover to provide an assembled relationship, said cover being closed at an end thereof opposite to said one end, said opposite end extending over said second board, and means for mounting said lamp on the outside of said base.
- 8. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said arrays have a plurality of groups of elements, each group emitting light of a different color.
- 9. The lamp according to claim 8 wherein said arrays are formed of parallel lines of said elements, alternate ones of said lines being of elements which emit light of a color different from the light emitted by the elements in others of said lines.
- 10. The lamp according to claim 9 wherein said colors are three colors, namely red, amber and green or blue.
- 11. The lamp according to claim 9 wherein said lines extend parallel to said axis a distance about at least 80% of the length of said second board so that said elements are exposed via said cover.
- 12. The lamp according to claim 8 wherein said elements are LEDs mounted on the surfaces of said second board and exposed via said cover.
- 13. The lamp according to claim 9 wherein said cover is a Fresnel lens having striations generally paralleling said lines of elements.
- 14. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said boards are printed circuit boards carrying currents for energizing said elements, a portion of said second board having an edge disposed adjacent to said first board in a body in which said first board and said portion of said second board are encapsulated to provide an assembly of said boards.
- 15. The lamp according to claim 14 wherein said second board is rectangular, said edge being at one end of said second board along the width thereof, said lamp having a base, a recess in said base containing said body, said cover being attached to said base to provide an assembled relationship.
- 16. The lamp according to claim 8 further comprising a plurality of conductors to said groups, and means responsive to the presence of current on more of one of said conductors for illuminating said groups to which current is carried sequentially.
- 17. The lamp according to claim 9 further comprising means for connecting each of said lines electrically, selectively in (a) a plurality of parallel circuits containing different complements of said elements connected in series and (b) in a plurality of series circuits containing all of said elements in each of said lines, whereby to enable said lamp to be energized by voltage of different magnitude or by current of the same polarity and alternating polarity.
- 18. A warning lamp providing illumination omni directionally 360° about an axis, said lamp comprising a first circuit board disposed perpendicular to said axis, a second circuit board mounted on said first board and disposed along said axis, said second board having opposite sides, light source elements mounted in arrays on both sides of said second board, a transparent cover in assembled relationship with said boards and disposed around said second board, said arrays having a plurality of groups of elements, each group emitting light of a different color, and each group of elements which emit light of the same color are provided by separate lines of elements opposite to each other on different ones of said opposite sides of said second board.
- 19. The lamp according to claim 18 wherein said elements on said lines on said opposite sides which emit light of the same color are in staggered relationships and connected together in series.
US Referenced Citations (18)
