Multi-media interactive play system

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 8888576
  • Patent Number
    8,888,576
  • Date Filed
    Friday, December 21, 2012
    11 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, November 18, 2014
    9 years ago
Abstract
A multi-media interactive play system has a number of play elements situated in a variety of play environments or play media. The play elements are linked to a common record of participant performance, progress, character attributes, etc. The participant's performance in the play elements determines the play elements to which the participant may proceed as well as the play parameters of the play element in which the participant is currently involved. The play elements are thus interlinked to define a sequence or path network along which the participant advances. By advancing through the play elements the participant carries out a plot, story, theme, etc. that attaches a significance to the successful completion of a given play element or elements. Also disclosed in a variety of play elements suitable for use in the system, an example of a plot or theme that may be carried out by the system, and a send/receive radio frequency network that may be used to track play participants in a play center.
Description
BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention


The present invention relates to play systems, and specifically to a framework for interactive games involving a broad range of game activities and play media.


2. Description of the Related Art


Family entertainment centers, play structures and other similar facilities are well known for providing play and interaction among play participants playing in, or around the entertainment facilities and/or play structure. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,853,332 to Briggs, incorporated herein by reference. A wide variety of commercially available play toys and games are also known for providing valuable learning and entertainment opportunities for children, such as role playing, reading, memory stimulation, tactile coordination and the like.


However, there is always demand for more exciting and entertaining play structures and play toys that increase the learning and entertainment opportunities for children.


SUMMARY

In accordance with one preferred embodiment a multi-media interactive play system comprises a number of play elements such as a maze that the participant must navigate, a set of trivia questions that the participant must answer, or number of targets that the participant must shoot with a water blaster or laser gun. The play elements are situated in a variety of play environments, and a central scoring system interfaces with the play elements. The scoring system electronically exchanges data with the play elements. For example, the exchanged data may comprise a participant's identity, game progress and performance. The exchanged data may also comprise play element parameters that correspond to the participant's progress, performance, and ability level, and the set of play elements to which the participant may proceed. The play elements are interlinked by the electronic system to define a sequence or path network along which a participant proceeds in the course of completing the play elements or reaching a stated performance standard.


In accordance with another preferred embodiment a method of interactive play comprises the steps of providing a number of play elements situated in a variety of play environments, recording a participant's performance in the play elements, and selecting a set of additional play elements or play environments to which the participant may proceed based on the recorded participant performance. The method may also comprise the step of setting various play parameters in a play element based on the recorded participant performance.


For purposes of summarizing the invention and the advantages achieved over the prior art, certain objects and advantages of the invention have been described herein above. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such objects or advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.


All of these embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention herein disclosed. These and other embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments having reference to the attached figures, the invention not being limited to any particular preferred embodiment(s) disclosed.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Having thus summarized the general nature of the invention and its essential features and advantages, certain preferred embodiments and modifications thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description herein having reference to the figures that follow, of which:



FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a play world for use in a multi-media interactive play system;



FIG. 2, which is divided into FIGS. 2A-2C, is a schematic diagram of a play arena for use in a multi-media interactive play system;



FIG. 3 is a chart detailing the codes that identify play elements shown in FIG. 2;



FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the organization of a play center and associated play environments for use in a multi-media interactive play system; and



FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a play structure that incorporates a send/receive radio frequency system to track participants in the play structure;



FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an interactive play system having features in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention;



FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an interactive play system having features in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention; and



FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an interactive play system having features in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention.





DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Overview

Conceptually, the multi-media interactive play system (hereinafter “Links”) is a framework for various interactive games in which a participant must complete a number of challenges or play elements which are conceptually, qualitatively, sensually, geographically, or otherwise distinct but are nonetheless related to an overall quest, mission, or set of quests or missions. The play elements may, alternatively or additionally, be related to an overall record of the participant's identity associated with his or her game status, character attributes, progress, points, credits, or the like.


A central Links system, such as a computer system or systems or a number of memory devices assigned to or possessed by each participant, are desirably employed to maintain the participant records. As used herein, “central Links system” refers to any device or collection of devices which maintains one or more participant records, and/or determines game parameters, results, or capabilities that affect a participant or participants, corresponding to information in a participant record or records, or otherwise provided to the system.


Preferably, the successful completion of a given play element earns the participant a reward, which may include permission to proceed to the “next” play element or elements, while the participant's game status, progress, etc. is updated to reflect such completion. The reward may also include enhanced capabilities or knowledge that affects the participant's performance or experiences in the next play element or elements. The play elements are thus interlinked under the Links system. The Links system may further define a path network, course, quest, etc. along which the participant progresses while playing the associated game. Another preferred feature of Links is an overall story, plot, theme, etc. that unifies the play elements and attaches a significance to the successful completion of a given element, in terms of advancing the participant in his or her quest, or discovery of further aspects of the plot, theme or play world.


Definitions

As used herein, “play element” refers to an individual game or challenge that a Links participant is to complete. Play elements are the most basic components used in Links to define a course or path along which the participant proceeds. A number of examples of play elements are detailed below.


“Play module” refers to a group of 3-6 or more play elements that are physically or otherwise interlinked. The play module may link the play elements together under a common or aggregate scoring or record system. Generally, a participant must complete all (or a predetermined number) of the play elements, or acquire a requisite number of points within a play module, to proceed to the next play module.


“Play arena” refers to a group of 3-5 or more play modules that are generally (but not always) contained in a single large room or series of rooms, as may be convenient for purposes of scoring, theming, facility design, etc. As with a play module, a play arena may have a common or aggregate scoring or record system for the play elements and modules contained therein, and a required point total or number of completed elements/modules for advancement. A single Links facility may contain one or more play arenas.


“Play medium” or “play environment” refers to a format through which an individual play element is presented or communicated to a participant, and through which the participant interacts with the play element. Preferably, the Links system includes a number of play environments or media, each of which preferably supports a variety of play elements. Examples of play media/environments include Links facilities or play centers, home video game consoles, a home PC or other information appliance, the Internet, a Links website or chat room, a Links television show, etc.


“Central Links system” refers to any device or collection of devices that maintains one or more participant records, and/or determines game parameters, results, or capabilities that affect a participant or participants, corresponding to information in a participant record or records, or otherwise provided to the system.


Participant Identification and Record

Advantageously, each Links participant has associated with him/her some indicium of his/her progress in the game. Suitable indicia include a magnetic-storage card, RF card, floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD or any other type of relatively small, inexpensive device that electronically (or otherwise) interfaces with a read or read/write device associated with a given play element to identify the participant and update the participant's record as necessary with his or her performance in the play element, and any resulting effect on the participant's progress or status in the game. Preferably, a toy such as a sword, ring, hat, key, magic wand, etc. incorporates interface equipment to provide a functional indicium which itself forms an enjoyable aspect of the game. Alternatively, a participant can carry a stylized photo identification card or Links passport which incorporates the proper interface. As yet another alternative, the indicium can comprise a password, username, or a combination of the two assigned to or chosen by a participant. Suitable input devices associated with the play elements can permit the participant to log in with the password/username so that the participant's performance at the element may be added to and/or influenced by information in the record maintained for the participant.


For each participant the Links system preferably maintains a record as necessary to reflect the participant's game status, progress, etc. The type of information contained in the record, as well as the location of the record may depend largely on the type of game played. For example, the record may contain data relating to which play elements the participant has successfully completed, the participant's performance in each element and the number of points or credits accumulated. In addition, the record may show a type of character the participant has selected for the game (e.g., a wizard, scientist, alien, dragon, astronaut, warrior, etc.) and a set of capabilities or aptitudes (such as magic, speed, intelligence, leadership, creativity) associated with the character or subsequently “developed” as a reflection of, or reward for, attaining a given performance level in a play element or elements, or successfully completing a defined task. Similarly, the record might show an inventory of items (e.g., a key, map, charm, weapon, book, vehicle, etc.) which the participant has “collected” or “purchased” in the course of playing the game, which collection or purchase may also be enabled by attaining given performance levels or completing tasks, or by the accumulation of points, credits, etc.


If desired, the indicium and record system may be further used to group participants into teams, with a record maintained for the team. The team record may represent a total of the points, credits, etc. of the team members or a composite team character with certain attributes and powers. Teams may be composed of a group of friends or family playing together at one Links play center, or participants at multiple centers who interact to achieve their goals, or compete against one another or other teams. Alternatively, Links teams may be assembled partly or wholly from home participants via the Internet or other electronic networks. As still another alternative, Links teams may be formed from a group of participants who are guests at a Links-themed party, for which special rooms may be provided at Links facilities.


Play Media/Environments

The Links system may encompass various play elements set in or carried out by wide variety of play media or play environments. For example, Links play elements can be located in Links facilities or “play centers” which preferably comprise multi- or single-story structures with a fairly large floor area (thousands or tens of thousands of square feet or more). However, smaller play centers are possible as well. A play center preferably houses a number of play elements arranged in a manner that is descriptive of their interrelation in the overall game, e.g. sequentially or grouped according to levels or type of challenge. The play elements housed in a play center may be individually linked to the central Links system, or interlinked with other play elements in the center in addition to the central Links system. Each center may serve as a stand-alone attraction, or can be linked with other centers or other Links play environments. The preferred center houses perhaps three or more game arenas, each of which may have five or more distinct play modules. Each play module comprises a number of a wide variety of play elements, which are discussed in more detail below.


Within a play center a participant can pass or “link” from one arena to another by the completion of some or all of the play modules in the arena, or the accumulation of enough points or credits in the arena. Similarly, a participant can link from one play module to another within an arena by the completion of some or all of the play elements in the module, or the accumulation of enough points or credits in the module. In a given module one or more play elements may require a participant to interact with another participant at a corresponding element in another play module, to help each other solve special problems or achieve a common goal to complete the element.


Each link between arenas or play elements may comprise a challenge connection such as a slide, rope bridge, trolley tracks, swinging bridges, net climbs and bridges, V-net bridges, web climbs and bridges, web slides and push/pull tracks. These challenge connections provide dexterity and physical play challenges.


A Links play center may employ one or more Links Gamemasters who may occupy a control room or rooms in the play center. The control room provides Gamemasters with access to some or all the computer, audio and visual systems in the play center. A Gamemaster can assume different roles in the interactive play, such as antagonist, joker, or mentor to the participants. The Gamemaster may monitor individual participants and assist, aggravate or tease them, give hints for play elements or cause a participant to get lost in a maze. In addition, the Gamemaster may organize special quests or games within the play center, for either an individual participant or teams of participants. Thus the Gamemaster can become the “personality” of the play center and make occasional live appearances, or become invisible to most or all participants.


Preferably, a given city or region has a number of Links play centers in different locations, and a Links game requires participants to visit many or all of the centers to complete a game by filling out certain aspects of their characters or completing all levels of the game. A collection of play centers, combined with other links play media and environments, comprises a “Links World.” It is contemplated that each separate play center in a World will permit the participant to complete aspects of the game which are unique to that particular center. To facilitate this variety, each center may have a different theme, such as a medieval, western, or space theme. Within each center each game arena can have a sub-theme that fits into the overall theme. For example, in a medieval play center one arena may be themed as a castle, another arena as a city and a third as a dungeon. Alternatively, each arena within a center can have a different theme.


Another preferred play medium for the Links system is a stand-alone arcade-type game (possibly coin operated) which may be located in a game business or other public area which does not have an overall affiliation with Links. That is, a stand-alone game or a group thereof may be situated in an arcade, convenience store, shopping mall, etc. which has no overall affiliation with Links, and provided with a connection to the main Links system for participant and game data transfer. In addition, a Links stand-alone game may give a participant clues, hints, tips, etc. which may be useful when the participant plays in another Links environment, such as a Links play center.


It is also contemplated that Links may include play via home console or hand-held game systems such as the familiar PLAYSTATION, NINTENDO 64, DREAMCAST, GAMEBOY, and other similar products. Alternatively, dedicated or purpose-built home gaming systems could be employed. One option for employing this type of play medium is through Links-specific game CD-ROMs, DVDs, cartridges, or other software that the participant can purchase and play on the home game system as a Links play element or play module, with his or her score/result/etc. communicated to the central Links system. Where properly equipped, any of these home game systems may accomplish data transfer with the central system via a direct modem or network connection, or via the Internet. A home game system may also support a connection to Links through a read/write device that connects to the home game system and interfaces with the indicium described [above], so as to transfer data to and from the indicium to influence the participant's performance in the game, adjust game parameters, update the indicia with the player's performance or result in the game, etc. As with a Links stand-alone game, home console play may give a participant clues, hints, tips, etc. which may be useful when the participant plays in another Links environment, such as a Links play center.


Another preferred Links play medium is a home PC or other information appliance that interfaces with Links through the Internet or other network or modem connections. As with the home game system described above, the participant may purchase play element software to run on the PC or other appliance to participate in the play element. Alternatively, the participant could use the PC or other appliance to play Links games which are resident partly or wholly on a Links Internet server or website, Links mainframe or other machines connected to the participant's PC. By playing on a PC or other information appliance, a participant may find clues, hints, tips, etc., which may be useful when the participant plays in another Links environment. Preferably, the Internet or network connection is used to transfer game parameters, results, participant performance, etc. to update the participant's record. As with the home game systems described above, a read/write device can also provide an interface between the PC or other appliance and the indicium to update the participant's record as necessary.


Yet another preferred Links play environment is an interactive television show presented on broadcast or cable television, or available via home video or pay-per-view. Preferably, the Links television show is a combination game show and participatory TV program based on a Links game theme. The participants on the Links television show may face challenges or play elements similar to those found at Links play centers. Participants viewing the program can learn special tips and clues for completing their challenges or quests the next time they visit a Links play center. In addition, some or all of the Links play centers can hold competitions, the winners of which can then compete on the Links television show.


A Links feature film or series, presented in theatres, on broadcast television or on home video, is a further potential source of Links secrets, codes, tips, tricks, etc.


Yet another preferred Links play environment is a Creation Station which is a crafts area where participants may complete various play elements which involve construction of simple items. A Creation Station may be located in a Links play center or may comprise a stand-alone play environment.


Preferably, a Links website provides a center for the Links participant community to interact via chat or message forums, and look up player records, statistics and the like. The website may also contain Links news, secrets, tips, tricks, and other information. In addition, accessing the website may itself be a source of points for a Links participant; that is, a participant may gain a certain number of Links points, credits, character attributes, etc. for logging onto the website and engaging in various activities on the site.


It is also contemplated that Links players can accumulate Links points, credits, secrets, tricks, tips, etc. through the purchase of Links merchandise at stores which may be stand-alone or integrated into Links play centers as gift shops. Such stores may also be dedicated Links stores or existing retailers that sell Links items. Links merchandise may include T-shirts, computer games, video games, board games, and interactive toys. Similarly, participants may patronize integrated or stand-alone Links-themed restaurants, or existing family or fast-food restaurants promoting Links to receive Links points, etc.


Links preferably includes education in its play media environments, through play elements incorporating educational themes and otherwise. Some Links play elements, discussed in detail below, teach scientific principles, involve engineering or mechanics, include arts and crafts, or have a historic emphasis. Furthermore, Links may work in conjunction with programs such as ODYSSEY OF THE MIND to teach children creativity and problem solving. Preferably, an organized Links educational system includes teams of children from different parts of the country that compete against each other in educational activities simultaneously at different Links facilities.



FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a preferred arrangement of a Links World 100 contained in one Links play center. However, as mentioned above a Links World may comprise multiple play centers and/or multiple associated Links play environments. In addition, one must note that a wide variety of combinations, configurations, link patterns, etc. may be utilized in constructing a Links World 100, and that FIG. 1 represents just one possible World. The Links World 100 has a number of arenas 102 that are connected by arena links 104 which may comprise challenge connections as detailed above, or other types of connection. The arenas 102 are shown as being linked in a sequential or linear fashion; however other linking patterns are possible in which a given arena 102 may have links to multiple arenas depending on participant performance or choice. Within each arena 102 are a series of play modules 106 which comprise a number of play elements (not shown). The play modules 106 are themselves connected by module links 108 that define a path for the participant among the modules. Like the arena links 104 the module links 108 may comprise challenge connections, etc. As outlined above, it is preferred (but not necessary) that satisfactory completion of some or all of the play modules 106 in an arena 102 permit the participant to use the associated arena link 104 to proceed to the next arena.



FIG. 1 also shows a number of additional Links play environments in the form of home game systems 110, creation stations 112, stand-alone Links machines 114, home PCs 116 and television shows 118, which are associated with the Links play center in the Links World 100. Each of these is connected to one or more of the arenas 102 via supplementary links 120. Here the additional Links environments are depicted as play modules associated with individual arenas 102; however these environments may also be arenas or Worlds unto themselves, or play elements within or associated with a play module 106.


Play Elements

The Links system preferably supports a wide variety of play elements which can be combined in various ways to provide a very diverse play experience. The following is a description of various examples of Links play elements, which merely representative and not an exhaustive list of all possibilities. One of skill in the art can readily envision additional games and challenges that are suitable for inclusion as Links play elements, as well as the broad scope of play that can be made a part of Links. It is also to be appreciated that most or all of these play elements can be presented in a physical or “live” manner, or can be conducted through computer simulations with which the participant interacts.


Navigate the Maze


This play element involves two participants, one on an upper level platform overlooking a lower level where the other participant is positioned. A number of cards, preferably five, with arrow symbols are located in a pouch or other receptacle on the upper level. The participant on the lower level must travel a course or maze in a particular sequence and push a number, preferably ten, of buttons that are located throughout the course in the proper order. The correct order is shown on a graphic that is visible only to the upper-level participant. The upper-level participant displays the cards to the participant below to indicate which direction he or she is to go and which button to push. Once completed, the participant below and the participant above may insert their cards or otherwise present their indicia at the same time for points.


Station Buttons


This play element involves two participants, one upper and one lower, not within visible range of each other. One participant faces a panel of (preferably) six buttons, each a different color. The other faces a color monitor. An intercom or other simple communication device connects the two stations. The participants insert their cards or otherwise present their indicia to start the play element and have thirty seconds to push the buttons in a proper sequence as shown on the monitor. The sequence may change each time and preferably has more colors for older participants. A similar play element or elements can be operated in another location in a play center, etc. and based on shapes, letters, numbers, textures, object names, etc. instead of colors. This play element may also be run at multiple locations with three or more people attempting to coordinate their actions.


Twenty Questions


This play element involves two participants at two different stations, one with a monitor, and the other with a keyboard or other buttons corresponding to the alphabet, both connected to an intercom. When both insert their cards or otherwise present their indicia, the monitor begins listing clues every few seconds, preferably every five seconds or so. The participants relate the clues to each other and discuss them until one participant keys in the correct name of the object at the station with the keyboard. Preferably, this element uses simple objects and clues for young people, and more difficult ones for older people.


Other Sites


In this play element interlinked video and/or computer stations connect two or more Links facilities via the Internet. Guests can simply chat with each other or solve common problems and puzzles. Some puzzles may require a participant to contact another participant at another site to get assistance, wherein the solution is only available at the remote participant's site.


Build a Wall


A participant must build a wall, preferably between two posts approximately six feet apart, using blocks that are preferably rectangular and approximately the same size as cinder blocks but much lighter in weight. Each age group may be required to complete the wall to a different height. For example, a three year old may build an eighteen inch wall, whereas an adult might build one six feet tall. Horizontal light sensors may be provided at various heights to sense when the job is complete. The size and shape of the blocks may be changed every few weeks so that the task varies and different skills will be required to master the building technique.


Build a Structure


The participant is provided with several pieces of balsa wood, tape, and paper clips. The participant must build a structure out of the materials that is preferably at least two feet high and will hold a fifty pound weight.


Build a Bridge


The participant is provided with several pieces of balsa wood, tape, and paper clips. The participant must build a bridge that preferably spans two concrete blocks three feet apart and will hold a twenty-five pound weight in the middle.


Simultaneous Cooperation


This play element involves several participants at different locations. Each must push a button simultaneously. Signage instructs them that one way to accomplish this is to start counting all together and to keep the count while the participants run to change locations.


Whack-A-Mole


The participant stands at a machine that has a number of openings in a substantially horizontal surface. The machine has a corresponding number of simulated moles that the machine causes to “pop up” out of the openings in a random manner. The participant must “whack” each mole with a mallet or other device as quickly as possible after the mole pops up. After the mole is whacked it lowers back beneath the horizontal surface, until the machine causes it to re-emerge from its opening, at which point the participant must whack it again. Points are awarded based on how quickly the participant can respond to and strike each mole.


Throwing Skills


The participant must throw bean bags or foam balls through different sized holes. Preferably, older participants are required to hit more, smaller holes from a longer distance.


Shooting Skills


Participants shoot blaster or laser guns at moving and stationary targets. Points are awarded for the number of targets hit in a given time period.


Targets


As a multiplayer version of Shooting Skills, a participant moves targets which other participants are attempting to shoot, making the targets harder to hit.


Ball Drop


This play element involves two participants, one on an upper level and one on a lower level. Foam balls are dropped from above, which must be caught in a net or passed through a hoop. The balls drop in to a fenced-off pit and are delivered back to the upper level via a manual conveyor.


Hide and Seek


A map is displayed to a number of participants, preferably five, and indicates where each must go. Each participant is thus sent to a different location. When a participant reaches his or her assigned location, he or she may insert a card in a reader or otherwise present an indicium, and then tries to be the first one back to the starting point.


Board Games


In a game parlor, Pictionary and various similar games may be provided for play, hosted by a Gamemaster. Points are awarded to winning teams accordingly. Preferably, games may be provided for various ages at various times.


Trivia


A monitor is provided with a set of buttons beside it. The participant selects a time period or other topic and is asked a number of questions, preferably six, from the chosen time period or topic. Preferably, difficulty is related to the participant's age. The participant earns points by getting a required number of questions correct.


Re-Creation


A participant dresses up as a figure from the past and helps to re-create a short play depicting a special moment in time. Parents are encouraged to participate as well, and photos of the dressed-up participant(s) may be made available for viewing, printout and purchase.


Rube Goldberg


The participant builds a “Rube Goldberg” contraption out of various parts which are provided, in order to accomplish a particular task. For example, the participant may need to cause a small steel ball to travel to a predetermined location across the room. As another example, the participant may have to raise a weight to a given height with a water jet as a source of power.


Gears


The participant must put a set of gears together in the proper sequence to turn a lever to open a door, passage or chamber leading to another play element or module.


Numbers


The participant must remember and repeat a specific sequence of numbers.


Colors


The participant must remember and repeat a specific sequence of colors.


Shapes


The participant must remember and repeat a specific sequence of shapes.


Musical Notes


An audio or audiovisual system plays a number of notes, preferably six, and the participant must play them back in sequence on a set of colored buttons in a given time, preferably thirty seconds or less.


Good and Bad


A monitor or Gamemaster asks a participant to respond to several ethical problems and scores the participant on his or her response.


Logic


A monitor or Gamemaster asks a participant to make logical assumptions and to draw conclusions from various statements. Points are awarded for drawing conclusions that are the most sound or the least obvious.


Odyssey of the Mind™


Hundreds of standard Odyssey of the Mind™ type problems are made available and materials supplied for completing the problems. Points are awarded for the skill, creativity, and completeness of the solutions made by the participants.


Computerized


A computer station may have many simple problems and games available for play. For example, some may be based on “Rube Goldberg” devices to show the effects of moving or altering various elements of the device. Other problems might be common sense, real-life based.


Piece Puzzles


A participant must fit pieces together in either an actual or computer-simulated puzzle. Preferably, older participants are assigned puzzles with more parts.


Logic Puzzles


A participant must determine how to connect point A to point B/C/D/E/etc. in the shortest possible distance.


Common-Thread Puzzles


The participant must determine what a number of things, preferably three or more, have in common, based on a picture, description or the like.


Keys Quest


A participant must find a number, preferably five, of golden keys, or tools or provisions needed to advance to the next level, module, or arena. The keys, etc. are hidden in many different locations. Some of them may be easy to find along familiar play routes, and the remaining ones may be well-hidden in nooks and crannies. Preferably, points are assigned for each key found. The key locations may be changed every week or so to provide variety.


Skill Quest


A participant must complete at least three of each of the following skills: Strength, Dexterity, Communications, Puzzles, and Memory.


Sequential Quest


A participant goes from one station to another, solving problems in a specific order to get clues for the next problem. Preferably, the participant solves a big problem at the end to win. Some problems might be geared towards boys, such as shoot-em-up's, and others would be for girls.


Scavenger Hunt


A participant must find people and articles. For example: one red-headed boy, one gold VISA card, one pair of penny loafers, etc. A participant must convince the owners to come with him or her, or allow him or her to borrow their belongings. Alternatively, the participant must find out the names of a certain number of the other participants in the area.


Gamemaster Quest


A participant must solve specific quests that the Gamemaster creates for a given day.


Multi-Quest


A participant must accumulate a certain number of points and/or keys to proceed, e.g. 250 points and two keys in Arenas 1 and 2 to enter Arena 3. Or a participant must accumulate 500 points and four keys to enter Arena 5 for a Grand Quest.


Pull Rope


A number, preferably four or five, of participants must pull a rope against a weight and hold the rope for a given time period, preferably thirty seconds or more. Older participants may be required to hold heavier weights.


Sledge Hammer


The standard carnival attraction is themed for Links. Preferably, participants of different ages must hit different levels to collect points.


Pulley Bridge


A wooden “raft” is provided that slides between an upper station and a lower station. Participants on either side must pull the raft back and forth while another participant rides on it. The participant riding the raft cannot move it himself and must work with participants on either side to get the raft across.


Race Cars


A participant must build a race car from materials provided and race against others on a downhill track. The winner of each heat wins points and a chance to race in a final heat.


Boats and Barges


A participant must build a boat from materials provided, that will hold the most people or cargo without sinking. A water tank, preferably a round tank with a diameter of eight feet or more, may be provided with interactive pumps and items for other water experiments.


Break-In


A participant uses an intercom at a special station to break into communications between two other participants who are trying to accomplish a mission.


Fake-Out


A participant controls a monitor at a phony station to play tricks on other participants who believe they are using it for a quest or a mission.


Surveillance


A video camera is located in an area that has an air blaster mounted under a grate. A participant sits in a remote location, waits for someone to walk over the grate and hits a button to activate the blaster and create a blast of air.


Video Gags


Remote cameras are located behind mirrors to catch participants making funny faces. Another participant sits at a console where he or she can select images and project them onto a large screen where everyone can see them.


I Spy


A participant uses glass prisms, periscopes, and telescopes to track and spy on people. Some of the people under observation are given a specific code which they try to keep secret while entering it into a terminal. The participant must try to learn the code for points.


Arena Quest


A participant must complete a new, more difficult quest in each arena. The participant learns of the new quests only after getting to the last arena.


Get the Bad Guy


A participant must shoot the “bad guy” at the end of a quest with laser guns, ball blasters, etc. The participant must have a certain number of strength and dexterity points and receives more shots with increasing points. The “bad guy” may be a character played by another participant or the Gamemaster or a target.


Skills


A participant must increase all of his skills to a pre-determined level to receive a reward.


Arena Configuration


FIGS. 2 and 3 show schematically one preferred layout of a Links arena 200. However, one must note that a wide variety of combinations, configurations, link patterns, etc. may be utilized in constructing a Links arena, and that FIGS. 2 and 3 represent just one possible arena. With reference to FIG. 2, the arena 200 has a number of play modules 202 that are connected by module links 204a, 204b, 204c which may comprise challenge connections as detailed above, or other types of connections. The module links 204a, 204b, 204c comprise direct links 204a which permit the participant to advance upon completion of a requisite number of play elements 206 within the module 202; indirect links 204b which permit advancement only if the participant has accumulated enough points, credits, items, etc. either in the module 202 or in the game generally; and slide links 204c which connect modules located on an upper level to modules located on a lower level and permit one-way slide traffic downward.


The modules 204 and elements 206 are labeled according to the system shown in FIG. 3. The arena 200 shown in FIG. 2 has a two-story configuration; thus the modules 206 are divided into ground level maze or modules GLM-1 through GLM-5, and upper level modules ULM-1 through ULM-5. Preferably, the ground level modules involve application of basic skills, while the upper level modules test more advanced skills.


Each module 202 contains a number of play elements 206, each of which may comprise one of the play elements described above, or other play elements as may be devised in creating a Links arena. Each play element 206 is labeled to identify it according to type. FIG. 3 identifies the individual play elements corresponding to the labels in FIG. 2. The labels also indicate a class or group into which each play element falls: Communications (COM), Construction (CON), Cooperation (COP), Dexterity (DEX), Games (GAM), Historical (HIS), Mechanical (MEC), Memory (MEM), Problem Solving (PS), Puzzles (PUZ), Quests (QUE), and Villain (VIL).


As detailed above, a number of the play elements 206 require interaction between participants in separate modules 202. Thus FIGS. 2 and 3 show interactive links 208 connecting like elements 206 in separate modules 202, where the elements require interaction between participants. In the case of the play elements VIL-4 which comprise the “Surveillance” element, its interactive link 208 has an arrowhead to indicate the relative positions of the observer in ULM-2 and the person under surveillance in GLM-3.


The arena 200 also comprises a Creation Station 210. The arena 200 thus includes creative links 212 joining the Creation Station 210 with the play elements 206 which require the participant to use the station.


With the arena of FIGS. 2 and 3, or an entire Links play center, it is advantageous to include a number of preliminary areas through which participants may pass before entering the play space. For example, a participant may first enter a ticket counter area where a new participant can purchase a Links indicium and a ticket good for a certain amount of play time. A repeat participant may also purchase play time, and either a new or repeat participant could pay extra for additional Links points or credits.


New participants may proceed from the ticket counter area to a story booth which instructs the participants on the theme or story underlying the Links game. The story booth is preferably themed with graphics, photos and props, and includes a short video which details the story line of the quest or game that the participants are about to begin.


A programming booth preferably follows the story booth. In the programming booth the participants may enter identifying information (age, gender, hobbies, etc.) and select a character which is to be the participant's alter ego during the game. The character may be a composite of attributes selected by the participant, or it may be selected from a list of ready-made characters, or a combination of the two types. The participant selects an inventory of weapons, personal effects and character skills and may be shown on a video screen a composite photo of the character thus created. The participant may purchase a printout of this photo if so desired. The character information is made part of the record created for the participant, and is loaded onto the participant's indicium if it is of the memory-equipped type, or is saved in the central Links system.


From the programming booth a participant proceeds through a themed tunnel to the playspace entry 214 where the participant may view the arena 200 and identify the starting position and the goal or objective in the arena 200 or the game generally. The participant chooses between starting with the ground level maze/modules, or the upper level modules, and presents his or her indicia to proceed into the first module.



FIG. 4 shows how a Links play center or Interactive Family Entertainment Center 400 fits into the overall Links organization. The core of the play center 400 is the play space 402, which contains play arenas 404 and play modules 406 within the arenas, as discussed in detail above. Preferably, the play center 400 also incorporates other areas to support additional Links play media. These include an interactive restaurant 408, one or more party rooms 410, an arcade/redemption center 412, where Links points/credits may be redeemed for merchandise and other incentives, and a Links gift shop 414. The play center further includes an entry and ticket-counter area 416, and an operations area 418.



FIG. 4 also shows additional Links play media or environments which are connected to the play center 400 but not necessarily a physical part of the center. These include play via the Internet 420, home video game systems 422, TV/home video 424, merchandise/toys 426, educational play 428, and play via ODYSSEY OF THE MIND type activities 430. A number of media links 432 show a close association between two or more of these play media, such as between educational play 428 and the Odyssey of the Mind 430, or between Internet play 420, home game system play 422, and TV/home video play 424.


Dream Masters Theme

DreamMasters is one example of a preferred theme or plot that can be applied to or carried out by the Links system, to provide a high level of participant involvement and interrelation between different play media encompassed by Links.


Overview


A complete fantasy adventure game is created in which a new toy, developed by a group of scientists, enables users to create, control and master their own dream states. The toy, called the DreamMaster Device (DMD) is, in reality, a major component of the Links play system. This device, which is preferably of a handheld size, emits and receives radio transmissions which activate play elements and record points, and sends and receives messages. By completing various play modules, participants become a part of an evolving fantasy game which encourages repetitive and continuous use of entertainment centers, the Internet, television and other media to reach higher, extreme levels of “dream creation.”


The Story


The ability to master our fantasy dream world is now upon us. A brilliant group of research scientists who have been studying dreams for three decades have developed a unique technology, called the Dream Master Device (DMD). This device allows people of all ages to manipulate, power and create our own fantasy dream states. These scientists created DMD to give people the opportunity to visualize their most fantastic dreams. With intense training a person can use this amazing device to create magnificent worlds where he or she can fly, go on an exciting adventure, visit exotic places, become a super hero, a princess, a firefighter, a millionaire or even live in another time in history.


This powerful device is small enough to fit into the palm of your hand and puts out a highly advanced frequency that allows people to control their dreams. This device, however, is not easy to operate. Designing and creating your own dreams is considered an “art form” that requires many hours of hands-on training and fantasy skill development. Through interactive, highly specialized training methods, individuals learn how to use this miraculous device.


The Evil Force


While creating this technology, this elite group of scientists discovered that an evil force was trying to steal their technology and use it harmfully. If this secret technology was put into the wrong hands, dream making could become someone's nightmare (literally), or even worse, used for mind control. The scientists decided to go into hiding by keeping the location of their laboratory top secret and erasing their identities completely.


The scientists came up with a brilliant plan to share their incredible technology without exposing their identity. They would make the DMD available only to those willing to be specially trained in using the device. The DMD is introduced at special training centers. In order to use the device at its fullest potential, frequent visits to the training center are necessary. These centers then train users to become skillful at manipulating color, sound, communication, conflict resolution, social interaction, story telling, fantasy development, role playing, problem solving, physical agility and intellect and more, all of which are important skills in creating incredible dream states.


The way the training centers work is that dream masters-in-training are given their own DMD which they carry with them at all times while learning dream creation. The device itself is not fully “loaded” with the appropriate software and actually needs to go through the training process with its “owner.” As the owner develops his or her skills in dream creation, the device's technology becomes increasingly more sophisticated and capable of producing vivid dream states realized though audiovisual equipment, virtual reality hardware and software, force and vibratory feedback equipment, scent and temperature generation equipment, etc.


At first, a new DMD user can only achieve very basic dream creation; i.e. silent black and white stick figures. As the user participates in several training sessions and achieves new skill levels, the DMD is programmed to allow for increasingly dynamic visual and auditory dream creation including full color, realistic backgrounds in 3D, high adventure options, auditory and sensory effects, and sophisticated character development. The highest level of dream mastery allows for extremely complex story development with 3D, surround sound and tactile experience (temperature, vibration and scents).


The Dream Masters


A creative, smart and talented group of kids became remarkably proficient in using the Dream Master Device. So proficient that they had reached the most extreme level of dream making and began their own special group over the Internet to chat, share techniques, ideas, and their newest dreams with each other. These kids, aged five through seventeen, live in different countries throughout the world such as the U.S., Australia, Japan, England, Egypt, and Mexico. The kids communicate often and have named themselves the DreamMasters Elite. For several months the research scientists kept a close eye on this talented bunch. The scientists began to make contact with the DreamMasters Elite by sending them secret messages on their DMDs. Given their exceptional abilities to use the technology, the scientists began trusting this group of kids with very guarded information. The Dream Masters Elite are now the scientists' only links to the outside world, and more importantly, their finest protectors against the evil forces.


The Dream Master Device


This unique handheld toy is able to transmit and receive radio frequencies from anything capable of putting out or receiving a signal including television, radio, computer systems and networks linked to RF modems or transmitters, videotape and DVD machines connected to transmitting equipment, fixed locations (Links facilities) and other DMD devices. The DMD preferably has a tiny screen that is able to receive messages and images. For example, while playing with a software program or watching a television show messages can be picked on the DMD and viewed on the tiny screen by the user.


In addition, the DMD device can be programmed like a smart card. More specifically, within the Links facilities, this device can be tracked by an internal system that interfaces with the central Links system to record the play and activities of the participant. A participant's record can be downloaded onto a personal disk or file that can be stored for continued play. The DMD can also transmit signals to other DMDs. When in the company of another DMD owner, a participant's DMD can signal the participant who may then send a message to the other DMD owner.


The Links Play Centers—Dream Zone (DZ)/Fantasy Factory


These specially designed Links play centers become the hub of the interactive game play. In the play centers the Links system combines interactive event arenas based on the DreamMasters story. Preferably, the play center is outfitted with radio frequency reading and transmitting devices that interface with the DMD.


The play center has several play arenas highlighting the development of specific skills in the dream creation process. The climax is a Fantasy Finale where a participant enters a computerized personal viewing booth where he or she can download data from his or her DMD, and create and view a dream fantasy with specially designed software. The content and complexity of the dream fantasy vary with the participant's level of progress in the DreamMasters story or game.


Entrance and Programming Booth


The entertainment experience starts with the purchase of a DMD (repeat participants have the contents of their DMDs downloaded into the central Links system). Participants then proceed to the story booth where new participants are told about the DMD and how to use the play center. Repeat participants are updated with the latest news. The participant may input specific goals that he or she wishes to reach and the DMD is programmed to respond to and receive information corresponding to the selected goals. The participants receive a suggested itinerary to help them reach their goals and may then proceed to the first play arena or module.


Dream Master Modules


The play center has a number of training modules that develop specific skills in dream creation. As the participant completes an interactive training module, his or her DMD is tracked by the RF system and performance and experience information is input into the central Links system.


There may be several training modules to explore and levels to reach. Each module focuses on a set of related dream creation skills. The modules may also have the ability to accommodate different levels of play for specific age groups or repeat users. For example, a very young child will be given less difficult games to play, focusing on simple play and exploration. More complicated game play would be designed for older children and even adults. Repeat participants would be challenged with more difficult games as they increase their skill level within each module. Within a module, the DMD may automatically activate the appropriate game difficulty setting according to age or skill level.


Only an elite group of highly trained dream masters will be given clues to the identity and location of the dream scientists.


Module A: Dream Device Activation and Protection


The DreamMasters storyline applicable to this module states that participants are to learn the basic skills in manipulating their DMD. This includes sharpening their reflexes, increasing their memory skills, and tapping into their creative problem solving and creative capabilities to exploit the full capabilities of the DMD. Special instruction and training is given to the participant to recognize danger and to use conflict resolution skills to protect the technology as well as himself or herself. There are provided several levels within these modules in which repeat visits and acquisition of skills allow the participant to take part in higher level interactive experiences. For example, an advanced level may allow the user to play games that require more sophisticated conflict resolution and/or combat skills for protecting the DMD.


Some of the play elements include: a pong game in which participants wear biofeedback devices that manipulate a control on a video screen that depicts the game; a maze game in which participants can manipulate figures to guide them to the exit; the Station Buttons game described above; reflex oriented games such as Musical Notes; conflict resolution games; problem solving games such as Build a Wall; Whack-A Mole; Shooting Games; Gears; video games to train users on how to recognize the Evil Force and how to protect the technology; and Good and Bad.


Module B: Life Form Creation


In this module individuals learn skills in developing life forms. Starting with a first level, the participant learns how to create a human in their likeness. Participants must go through a process that teaches their DMD about themselves, and as they proceed onto more difficult levels they can add more people, animals, create new identities, and add emotions, humor and other personality traits that make the experience feel very real.


Some of the play elements include: scanning in the participant's image; “describe yourself” games; games in which the participant stands in front of a green screen and a video system makes them appear to fly over mountains, scuba dive, surf a wave, become a king, be older, be younger, etc.; electronically recording a participant's physical movement so that it can be used for dream making; communication games such as Navigate the Maze; interactive, socially oriented games that build skills in conducting conversation or scripting interplay between characters; personality and character development games (such as create a hero, create a joker, create a villain); and group games in which several participants make walking, talking “techno-people” interact with each other on a large display screen.


Module C: Scenery Creation


This module teaches the participant how to create unique backgrounds, color, scenery, environment and visual beauty. The first level is in black and white, and the participant progresses to higher levels that allow him or her to create 3D images and “real time” environments.


Some of the play elements include: Musical Notes; mixing paint colors to get a specified shade; a large paint screen with stations where several people can create scenery as a group; games focusing on learning to create environments using software such as ADOBE PHOTOSHOP or COREL DRAW, programmed adventures to different places to increase awareness about possible escapades; using simulation technology to grow a tree, make a rainstorm/tornado/hurricane, erupt a volcano, etc; and a group scenery creation game in which several people are given specific items to make up a scene and have several minutes to design it.


Module D: Sound and Sensory Creation


This module trains the participant in many experiences of sound development and sensory creation. Lower levels begin with simple percussion sounds, and a final level facilitates full “surround sound” and elaborate sound effects, music and sensory experiences.


Some of the play elements include: games that require a participant to listen and track sound in a “sound maze”; a scent maze; Musical Notes; games that require a participant to read music; silent video to which the participant may add sound effects; orchestra games in which each player interacts to make a musical event or composition; a “Stomp” game in which participants create percussion using household items; games permitting the use of biofeedback technology to control the temperature; and video compositions to which a participant adds special sensory effects such as temperature and wind control.


Module E: Story Creation


This module instructs the participant on how to create a full-length story with a plot, scripting, interaction, characters, events and fantasy.


Some of the play elements include: role-playing games; green-screen character Karaoke games; scriptwriting games like MAD LIBS; plot development games; “end the story” games; “start the story” games; group story telling; games which challenge the participant to tell the best ghost story or the best funny story; and assembling a story line from video captures made of people in the entertainment center over the course of a predetermined time interval, preferably one hour.


Dream Download Center


At the conclusion of play, participants enter the Dream Creation center to download data from their DMDs and see how well they did in reaching their skill development goals. They are then able, according to their newly achieved level, to create a 2-minute dream on a software program. The dream is recorded and given to the participant on a floppy disk. All information is stored in the central Links system. This Dream Creation center has the latest technology including 3D screen viewing, virtual reality, surround sound and sensory effects for the highest levels of dream making.


Internet Cafe


This open-design eating area has a large screen of eight by eight feet or more for participants to join multi-site games, view the Links television show and take part in group Internet chat experiences.


Retail Store


Here a participant can buy the latest software related to the Dream Creation process. Software is available for any game that the participant may have played in the center. The software also interfaces with the participant's DMD. Participants may also buy special carrying pouches, key chain holders, backpacks, etc. that hold, protect and accompany the DMD. Also available are videotapes and DVDs of the Links television series and special toys that are used by the main characters in the TV show.


The Television Series


Every week the group of kids that make up the DreamMasters Elite star in their own television series. The show is about the kids' ordinary lives in their countries, in their homes, going to school, playing with friends and having a normal day. But in a matter of minutes their lives become very unordinary when they receive a secret message on their DMD asking them to participate in a quest. They all assemble via the Internet where the scientists explain the challenge for the day. The kids use their creative powers and DMD abilities to solve the problem and bring balance to the world once again. At the end of the show, one kid from the DreamMasters Elite shares with the other kids his or her latest dream creation the television audience to enjoy. As the series develops, new members (real kids) who have reached DreamMasters Elite levels of dream making are given the opportunity to have their dream shown on TV. Throughout the show, secret messages are also sent to the viewers through their DMDs.


The Computer Software


Software is designed to mimic the experiences in the Links play center as well as quests depicted on the television show. In addition, dream-making software is available for designing very intense dreams and fantasies. The software also interacts with the DMD, sending kids secret messages throughout the game.


Website


The DreamMasters website features chat forums, DreamMasters Elite Club, etc. The DMD may interface with the website as well.


Send/Receive Radio Frequency System


FIG. 5 shows a play structure 500 suitable for use in a Links facility as a play element, module, or arena. The play structure has a supporting framework 502 and a variety of play equipment 504 mounted on or around the play structure 500. Participants 505 carry a Links indicium 506 (wand, sword, ring, etc.) while playing at or neat the play structure 500.


A send/receive radio frequency (“SRRF”) system is provided to facilitate an interface between the Links indicia 506 and the central Links system. The SRRF system comprises (1) an indicium 506 carried by a Links participant 505, (2) a network of fixed transceivers 508 installed throughout the play structure 500 or other Links facility, (3) a standard LAN communications system, and (4) a master computer system (possibly the central Links system itself) interfaced to the transceiver network.


Preferably, the indicium 506 and transceiver 508 use a novel SRRF communications protocol. SRRF is an RF-based communications technology and protocol that allows pertinent information and messages to be sent and received to and from two or more SRRF compatible devices or systems. While the specific embodiments descried herein are specific to RF-based communication systems, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the broader interactive play concepts taught herein may be realized using any number of commercially available 2-way and/or 1-way medium range wireless communication devices and communication protocols such as, without limitation, infrared-, digital-, analog, AM/FM-, laser-, visual-, audio-, and/or ultrasonic-based systems, as desired or expedient.


The SRRF system can preferably send and receive signals up to 40-100 feet between indicia 506 and the fixed transceivers 508. The system is preferably able to associate an indicium with a particular zone as defined by an indicium activation area approximately ten to fifteen feet in diameter. Different transceiver and antenna configurations can be utilized depending on the SRRF requirements for each play station or element. The SRRF indicia 506 and transceivers are 508 networked throughout the play structure 500 or other facility. These transceivers 508 can be hidden in or integrated into the facility's infrastructure, such as the walls, floors, ceilings and play element equipment. Therefore, the size and packaging of these transceivers is not particularly critical.


In a preferred embodiment, an entire entertainment facility is configured with SRRF technology to provide a master control system for an interactive entertainment play environment using SRRF-compatible indicia and/or tracking devices. A typical entertainment facility provided with SRRF technology may allow 300-400 or more participants to more-or-less simultaneously send and receive electronic transmissions to and from the master control system using an indicium or other SRRF-compatible tracking device.


In particular, the SRRF system uses a software program and database that can track the locations and activities of up to a hundred or more participants. This information is then used to adjust the play experience for the participant based on “knowing” where the participant/player has been, what objectives that player has accomplished and how many points or levels have been reached. The system can then send messages to the participant throughout the play experience. For example, the system can allow or deny access to a participant into a new play element/module/arena based on how many points or levels have been reached by that participant and/or based on what objectives that participant has accomplished or helped accomplish. It can also indicate, via sending a message to the participant, the amount of points or specific play objectives necessary to complete an element, module, etc. or enter the next level of play. The master control system can also send messages to the participant from other participants.


The system is preferably sophisticated enough that it can allow multiple participants to interact with each other, adjusting the game instantly. The master system can also preferably interface with digital imaging and/or video capture so that the participants' activities can be visually tracked. Thus any participant can locate another participant either through the video capturing system or by sending a message to another device. At the end of a visit, participants are informed of their activities and the system interfaces with printout capabilities to provide a hard copy thereof.


Suitable embodiments of the SRRF technology described above may be obtained from a number of suitable sources, such as AXCESS, Inc. and, in particular, the AXCESS active RFID network system for asset and people tracking applications. In another preferred embodiment the system comprises a network of fixed transceivers 508 installed at specific points throughout a Links facility. Participants are outfitted or provided with a reusable indicium 506—a standard AXCESS personnel tag clipped to their clothing in the upper chest area. As each participant enters a specific interactive play area or “game zone” within the facility, the participant's indicium 506 receives a low frequency activation signal containing a zone identification number (ZID). The indicium 506 then responds to this signal by transmitting both its unique token/indicium identification number (TID) along with the ZID, thus identifying and associating the participant with a particular zone.


The indicium's transmitted signal is received by a transceiver 508 attached to a data network built into the facility. Using the data network, the transceiver 508 forwards the TID/ZID data to a host computer system. The host system uses the SRRF information to log/track the guest's progress through the facility while interfacing with other interactive systems within the venue. For example, upon receipt of a TID/ZID message received from Zone 1, the host system may trigger a digital camera focused on that area, thus capturing a digital image of the player which can now be associated with both their TID and the ZID at a specific time.


In this manner the SRRF technology allows the master control system to uniquely identify and track people as they interact with Links games and activities in a semi-controlled play environment. Optionally, the system may be configured for two-way messaging to enable more complex interactive gaming concepts.


The indicium 506 may also include the ability to produce light, vibration or other sound effects based on signals received through the SRRF module. In a more advanced implementation, the indicium 506 may be configured such that it is able to display preprogrammed messages of up to 50 characters on a LCD screen when triggered by participant action (e.g. button) or via signals received through the SRRF module. This device is also preferably capable of displaying short text messages transmitted over the SRRF wireless link from another Links device.


Preferably, the SRRF transceiver 508 is capable of supporting medium range (10-40 feet) two-way communications between SRRF indicia and a host system, such as a PC running special Links software. This transceiver 508 has an integral antenna and interfaces to the host computer through a dedicated communication port using industry standard RS232 serial communications. It is also desirable that the SRRF transmission method be flexible such that it can be embedded in television or radio signals, videotapes, DVDs, video games and other media, stripped out and re-transmitted using low cost components. The exact method for transposing these signals, as well as the exact interface between the home transceiver and common consumer electronics (i.e. TVs, radios, VCRs, DVD players, NV receivers, etc.) is not particularly important, so long as the basic functionality as described above is achieved. The various components needed to assemble such a SRRF system suitable for use with the present invention are commercially available and their assembly to achieve the desired functionality described above can be readily determined by persons of ordinary skill in the art. If desired, each SRRF transceiver 508 may also incorporate a global positioning (“GPS”) device to track the exact location of each play participant within one or more play environments.


Most desirably, a SRRF module can be provided in “chip” form to be incorporated with other electronics, or designed as a packaged module suitable for the consumer market. If desired, the antenna can be embedded in the module, or integrated into the toy and attached to the module. Different modules and antennas may be required depending on the function, intelligence and interfaces required for different devices. A consumer grade rechargeable or participant replaceable battery may also be used to power both the SRRF module and associated toy electronics.


Links Indicium

Preferably, a transmitter/receiver utilizing the SRRF technology is provided in a small and portable package that can be carried or worn by play participants. Most preferably, the SRRF transmitter/receiver is incorporated into or embodied in a Links indicium 506 that can be operated by play participants by waving, shaking, stroking and/or tapping it in a particular manner to actuate a particular desired function or effect. These operational aspects must be learned by play participants as they train in the various play environments. The ultimate goal, of course, is to become a “grand wizard” or master of the indicium 506. This means that the play participant has learned and mastered every aspect of operating the indicium 506 to produce desired effects within each play environment. Of course, additional effects and operational nuances can (and preferably are) always added in order to keep the interactive experience fresh continually changing.


Optionally, the indicium 506 or other SRRF device is configured so that it is able to display 50 or more characters on a LTD or LCD screen. Similarly, the indicium 506 or other SRRF compatible device may also be configured to display desired light, vibration and/or sound effects in order to complement the operation of the indicium and/or the effects achieved. Optionally, the SRRF protocol can use a transmission that can be adapted to computer software, television and video programming so that the SRRF system can be easily implemented using TV, radio and/or computer software. For example, a Links indicium 506 instrumented with SRRF technology can interact with a Links software program running on a PC connected to a SRRF transceiver.



FIG. 5 also depicts a variety of play equipment which may be used in creating a Links play element, structure, or arena. This equipment includes a slide 510, ball conveyors 512, ball distribution conduits 513, ball cannon 514, a projectile target 516, and ball collection nets 518.


Interactive Play Systems


FIG. 6 depicts another preferred embodiment of an interactive play system 600 having features in accordance with the invention. This play system 600 incorporates a simulated crystal ball assembly 602 and/or a crystal necklace 604 that serve as a Links indicium within the play system 600. The crystal ball assembly 602 comprises a crystal ball 606 that serves as a visual communication device, and a transmitter/receiver in the form of a base 608. The ball 606 and base 608 are connected so that signals received by the base 608 can be displayed as alphanumeric, graphic or other types of information on or in the ball 606. The base 608 can receive signals through a base interface 610 that preferably comprises one or more of an RF airwave receiver, coaxial cable, modem, ethernet, or serial connection, or any other type of data/signal connection known to those skilled in the art. The base interface 610 may connect the base 608 to a television 612 as one way of using the crystal ball assembly in conjunction with the Links interactive television show detailed above. The base 608 preferably has a memory device (not shown) in the form of a standard RAM chip or chip set, flash memory, magnetic or optical disk, or any other suitable memory device known to those skilled in the art. The memory device may record all previous play activities of the participant to facilitate the assignment of a skill or experience level or a set of attributes, a point total, etc. to the participant or the participant's character, corresponding to the activities completed. This earned/assigned skill level, attribute set, etc. may in turn be recorded on the base memory device.


The television 612 is one example of a play medium that is usable with the crystal ball assembly 602. At a predetermined time, for example several minutes, before the Links television show begins, the base 608 receives a signal from the television or from some other signal or data connection. Upon receipt of the signal the base 608 causes the ball 606 to glow (for example) and subsequently display a secret message 614. The secret message 614 may impart certain knowledge to the person watching the program about events that will happen or have already happened that will assist and guide the person through specific adventures, activities, or actions. Upon completion of these or of other actions within a Links game, the participant may obtain additional or more advanced versions 616, 618 of the crystal ball and/or base 618. These more advanced versions may have special abilities beyond the basic versions 606, 608 used previously.


The advanced versions 616, 618 of the ball/base, as well as an updated/enhanced participant level or skill set, facilitate repeat value of a given episode of the Links television show. When a repeat episode is broadcast, a participant who has reached a new level or obtained the upgraded ball/base, will receive a different secret message 614 on the ball/base. The new secret message may contain additional secret information needed to continue in the Links game or adventure, thereby potentially casting the events occurring on the Links television show in an entirely new light.


In addition to engaging in play activities with the television, the participant may take the crystal ball assembly 602 to another location or activity and continue the adventure or actions in a new play medium. The secret-message feature of the crystal ball 606 may be used to direct the participants to one or more of these additional play media or locations. In the new play medium/location the participant can exploit the skills and attributes that have been added, by the completion of prior activities, to her crystal ball assembly/other Links indicium/character. These skills and attributes are thus used in the new medium or location to further the participant's actions in another environment.


One example of such a play medium is a board game 620 in which the participant places her crystal ball assembly 602 on a board 622 next to those belonging to other participants. The bases 608 of each assembly can then communicate with each other to assist or hinder other players in the board game 620. The outcome of the game may then be decided in part by the information that each crystal ball assembly 602 gained while engaging in one of the prior Links activities, or from one of the other assemblies during the board game. For example, a first player's base 608 might send information to a second player's base providing clues to questions or choices that the second player will encounter later in the game. These “clues” may be true (actual clues) or false (bluffs), depending on prior achievements of the first or second player in earlier Links activities, as recorded in his base 608. Or the second player may be able to “call” the “bluff” if he has gained certain knowledge in earlier Links activities.


Another suitable play medium is a computer game, internet chat room, or internet game. In this play medium the crystal ball assembly 602 or other Links indicium is connected to a computer 624 via the base interface 610 or other suitable connection such as a port connection of the type used to connect a keyboard or mouse to the computer 624. Software 626 may be obtained that allows the participant to expand the capabilities of the base 608 or a character associated with the participant by engaging in and completing various activities and challenges on the computer/internet.


A console-type video game 628 is another play medium that may be used with the crystal ball assembly 602, or other Links indicia as detailed above. One or more crystal ball assemblies 602 are connected to the video game 628 via the base interface 610 or other suitable connection. In the video game 628 the participant can further use and develop the skills and attributes gained in prior activities, by participating in a game designed specifically for use with Links and the crystal ball assembly or other Links indicia.


To participate in Links activities in other play media, a participant may be required to travel to different locations, such as Links facilities, play arenas, restaurants, etc. The secret-message feature of the crystal-ball assembly 602 may be used to direct the participant to a “training center” or some other Links facility for skill development, new experiences, etc. Other remote locations include a library or government facility, theme park, family entertainment center, shopping mall, store, etc., that is equipped with electronics supporting Links. To facilitate this travel, the participant might upload the necessary information from the crystal ball assembly or other Links indicium to a more portable Links indicium such as the crystal necklace 604, a radio-frequency card, a magnetic-strip card, or a standard RAM or flash-memory chip small enough to be placed in an item that can be attached to clothing, worn, or placed in a pocket. The crystal necklace 604 or other portable Links indicium is preferably small enough to be easily carried or worn by the participant, but large enough to contain the necessary electronics to interface with the crystal ball assembly 602 and the Links system at a Links facility or other remote location.


When the participant reaches the Links facility, he or she interfaces the crystal necklace 604 or other portable Links indicium with the central Links system 630 (or portion of the central Links system) that serves the Links facility in question. This interface is preferably accomplished by presenting the crystal necklace, swiping a card, plugging in a memory-chip device, etc. Thus the participant/character experience level, attributes skills, points, etc. are transferred to the central Links system 630. These data are used by the central Links system to affect game parameters and outcomes for the participant as he engages in a series of Links play elements in a play structure or arena 632 or other Links play media 634 housed in the Links facility. Alternatively, the participant may purchase or consult a “magic book” or other item at the facility that contains secret knowledge or tricks to be used later in the game, or in operation of the crystal-ball assembly 602. The results of, and experience, points, skills, etc. gained in, the play elements or other experiences are then uploaded to the crystal necklace or other portable Links indicium when the participant exits the Links facility. The updated data could then also be transferred from the crystal necklace 604, etc. to the crystal ball assembly 602.


A further aspect of the play system 600 may be a defined ultimate goal, such as reaching a certain status known as GAMEMASTER, or to earn an appearance on the Links television show. Upon reaching this goal, the participant may be presented with the further goal of becoming one of the best players on the show, either for a given season or for all time.



FIG. 7 depicts another preferred embodiment of an interactive play system 700. The play system 700 comprises in part a central Links system 702 that is connected to one or more entrance terminals 704 and a number of local terminals 706 via a series of data links 708. The local terminals 706 are each situated in or near a Links play element 710, a series of which make up a Links play module or arena. The data links 708 preferably comprise serial connections such as RS232 or RS485, ethernet or modem connections, or any other suitable network links for communicating data. Any of these links may be hardwired or may have intervening RF connections.


Each participant is issued a Links indicium in the form of a magnetic strip card 712, a radio-frequency card 714, an I-button 716 or a barcoded wristband 718. The entrance terminal 704 may sell/issue the indicium to new participants and query them on information such as the participant's name, age (used to set difficulty levels, etc.), vital statistics and preferences. These data are then added to a record created for the participant in the central Links system 702 and/or on the indicium itself. Returning participants present their indicia to be read by the entrance terminal 704, which receives data from the indicium. Where the indicium comprises a magnetic-strip card 712, the card is presented to the entrance terminal by (for example) swiping the card through a card reader built into the entrance terminal 704. The data received by the entrance terminal preferably allows it to identify the participant with a record maintained in the central Links system 702 of the participant's skill/experience level, character type/attributes, points, achievements, etc. Alternatively, the received data may comprise this entire record itself.


The play elements 710 preferably define a path along which the participant proceeds after completion of the necessary activities at the entrance terminal 704. Each play element 710 has an associated local terminal 706. Upon the successful completion of each play element, the participant swipes her card 712 or otherwise presents her indicium to be read by the local terminal 706. Depending on the participant's performance in the play element, the local terminal 706 and/or central Links system 702 awards the participant a certain amount or type of experience, points, character attributes, etc.


One play element contemplated for use in the play system 700 requires the participant to push a group of colored buttons 720 in a particular sequence. Successful completion of this task could earn the participant 50 points. In another play element, the participant must find a hidden object such as a piece of jewelry 722. Points may be awarded for simply finding the object or based on the amount of time needed to find it. Another play element requires the participant to answer trivia questions that are presented on a touchscreen device 724. Still another play element involves two or more participants who must work together by pressing a series of buttons 726 simultaneously and in the correct order. Preferably, more points are awarded at such play elements where multiple participants must complete activities together.


At some point during the play sequence, the participant may arrive at a point where he preferably cannot proceed without additional input or information from outside the particular play environment, be it a Links facility or other area that supports Links technology. The participant is then required to visit another play environment or watch a television show 728 to find clues or hints to a question or riddle. The participant may also be required to research a particular subject in books 730 in a library, or play a video game 732 and achieve certain objectives. Once the assigned task is completed, the participant receives a reward 734 and is given the choice of continuing the game 736 or advancing to another play medium 738 to experience the game in a different way. In this manner, the Links system advantageously encourages play participants to engage in different activities and enjoy other experiences.



FIG. 8 depicts another preferred embodiment of an interactive play system 800. The play system 800 may serve as an interactive addition to a theme-park ride, to provide interactive play to participants waiting in line to board the ride. However, this play system 800 can also be a stand-alone attraction to provide an advanced “treasure hunt” game, with no reference (in terms of points or other performance rewards) to any subsequent ride or attraction.


The play system 800 includes a central Links system 802 which is connected to two or more entrance terminals 804 and to two or more sets of local terminals 806. The central Links system 802 is also connected to two or more redemption terminals 808, two or more ride exit terminals 810, a prize ticket terminal 812, a scoreboard 814, and a ride interface 816. The ride interface 816 is also connected to the redemption terminals 808, the ride exit terminals 810 and the prize ticket terminal 812. A series of data links 818 provides the connections between the central Links system 802 and the other components of the play system 800. The data links 818 preferably comprise serial connections such as RS232 or RS485, ethernet or modem connections, or any other suitable network links. Any of these data links may be hardwired or may have intervening RF connections. The play system 800 is depicted as having a number of mostly direct data links 818 from the various terminals, etc. to the central Links system 802. However, it will be appreciated that the present invention comprehends other patterns for interconnecting the various devices making up the play system 800, so long as the resulting network supports the necessary communications among the devices. For example, a token-ring system could be used, or intervening hubs or controllers could be interposed to handle communications between the central Links system 802 and a number of grouped devices, such as the local terminals 806 serving Team A.


The central Links system 802 preferably comprises a PC server having an advanced Pentium® processor or equivalent. The server should be Fast Ethernet capable with a 56K modem and at least two RS232 ports. An 8 point Fast Ethernet hub is preferred for interlinking the central Links system with some or all of the outlying devices in the play system 800.


The central Links system 802 preferably maintains a database of participant records and other information relevant to operation of the play system 800. For each current participant, the database contains a record that may comprise some or all of the following: first name, last name, a participant “unique key,” age, total point score, points available for redemption, and play station visit information (including numbers of stations visited number and corresponding time stamps). A similar record of historical data may be maintained for past participants, for a predetermined time period such as one year. An all-time top-10 database may be maintained, with a record maintained for each member of the top-10 having some or all of the following fields: rank number, first name, last name, an all-time top-10 “unique key,” age, total point score, and date. The corresponding records in a daily top-10 database have some or all of the following fields: rank number, first name, last name, a daily top-10 “unique key,” age, and total point score.


The play system 800 contemplates an initial division of participants into two teams, Team A and Team B. One alternative player division involves a LOONEY TUNES theme and divides players into Roadrunners and Coyotes. Thus the system includes two or more entrance terminals 804, one for each team of participants. Each entrance terminal 804 accepts the required amount of money from a new participant and queries the participant for personal data such as name, age, etc. The entrance terminal 804 includes a coin/bill acceptor 820 to receive the money and appropriate I/O devices 822 such as a monitor, keyboard, speaker, touchscreen, etc., to communicate with the participant. When this payment/data-entry stage is complete the entrance terminal 804 issues the new participant a Links indicium such as a magnetic-strip card with the participant's name and other data recorded on it. The magnetic-strip card is presented to the participant via a card dispenser 824. The participant data is passed to the central Links system 802 for the creation of a record for that participant. A repeat participant swipes his magnetic card in a Links card reader 826 built into or connected to the entrance terminal 804 to register as a member of Team A or Team B and begin play. The repeat participant may also be required to insert money into the coin/bill acceptor 820.


The local terminals 806 are located in one or more play areas to which the participants proceed after interacting with the entrance terminal 804. The embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is set up to handle two separate teams of participants; however, the local terminals can be located in a single play area for all participants where there is no division into teams, or in three or more areas as necessary. Here, the play areas for each of Team A and Team B have a number n of local terminals 806 that are associated with a like number of play stations A-1 . . . A-n, and B-1 . . . B-n. In one preferred embodiment n=9, so that each play area has 9 local terminals 806 and corresponding play stations. Preferably, within the play area each local terminal 806 is in a hidden location so that the participant's task is to find all of (or as many as possible of) the local terminals 806, or hidden objects adjacent the local terminal. Alternatively, each local terminal is associated with a play station or play element comprising one or more of the interactive play elements disclosed above. A preferred layout for the play area has the local terminals 806 positioned on platforms that are located from 5 to 40 feet apart and interconnected with nets, bridges, ladders and slides.


Upon successfully finding a local terminal 806 or otherwise completing the play element at the play station associated with the local terminal, the participant swipes her magnetic-strip card in a Links card reader 826 in the local terminal 806. The local terminal 806 passes the participant information to the central Links system 802 for validation and ascertainment that a required time interval has passed since the last time the participant visited the station. If these requirements are met, the local terminal 806 plays a short audiovisual presentation, preferably in the form of an audio message indicating that the participant has just received 50 points and the illumination of a green LED, on I/O devices 822 in the local terminal 806. Of course, other audiovisual presentations, such as a short video or computer animation displayed on a monitor screen, a light show, etc. are possible as well.


The participant accumulates a number of points by finding as many of the local terminals 806 as possible, or otherwise successfully completing the associated play elements. Preferably, signs are posted near the local terminals 806 and elsewhere in the play area that detail the benefits or “power-ups” that the participant receives at the end of the play area for earning a given number of points. These “power-ups” are used by the participant in the ride or attraction associated with the game, to enhance his ride experience or to increase his chances of winning a race (and additional points for victory or beating a set time). Whether the play system 800 has an associated ride or attraction, or functions a stand-alone game, the points may subsequently be used at a booth to purchase prizes.


The participants may purchase the power-ups or other benefits at the redemption terminals 808 located at the end of the play area or at the beginning of the ride. The participant swipes her card in a Links card reader 826 on the redemption terminal 808 and, after the central Links system validates the participant's identification, her total points and other data are displayed via appropriate I/O devices 822. The participant selects one or more of the power-ups for which she is eligible, preferably by pressing one or more of a series of buttons incorporated in the I/O devices 822. The redemption terminal 808 displays the selections made by the participant, who can choose to accept the selections or clear them and start over, by pressing appropriate buttons. When the final power-up selections have been made, the redemption terminal 808 communicates them to the ride interface 816, which causes the ride control system (not shown) to implement the participant's powerups while the participant is on the ride, providing her with additional capabilities or experiences corresponding to the selected powerups. To confirm the selection of powerups, the I/O devices 822 may play a short audio or audiovisual presentation.


Upon completion of the ride, the participant may earn additional points depending on how the participant places in a race or whether the participant beats a predetermined time standard. Thus, at the ride exit terminal, the participant swipes his card in the Links card reader 826 and is awarded a certain number of points corresponding to his performance in the ride. The ride exit terminal may acquire performance and/or points data from the ride interface 816 or the central Links system 802. To confirm the points award, the I/O devices 822 may play a short audio or audiovisual presentation.


At the prize ticket terminal 812 the participant may convert his earned points into prize tickets or other currency that may be used to purchase prizes, or directly into prizes. The prize ticket terminal 812 is equipped with a Links card reader 826, I/O devices 822 to facilitate communication with the participant, and a ticket dispenser 828.


The scoreboard 814 interfaces with the central Links system 802 and can display a variety of statistics to enhance the participants' enjoyment of the game. The displayed statistics may include: an all-time top 10, today's top 10, each team's current point total, points earned by individual members of each team, or any combination of these statistics. The scoreboard 814 may display each of these in turn for a predetermined time interval, or occasionally flash funny or encouraging messages or graphics. The scoreboard 814 may comprise a centralized display or a number of individual displays distributed throughout the play area.


One of skill in the art will appreciate that the play system 800 can be re-configured to support a stand-alone, advanced “treasure hunt” or similar game. To facilitate this game, the central Links system 802 is preferably connected to one entrance terminal 804, one set of local terminals 806 and, optionally, one exit terminal 810 and one scoreboard 814. In the “treasure hunt” game the participants pass through the entrance terminal 804 in the usual manner to the play area, where they must locate the local terminals 806 or hidden objects nearby. The participants swipe their cards in the local terminals 806 in the usual manner to accumulate points. When finished, the participants may visit the exit terminal 810 to claim a final total of points.


Although this invention has been disclosed in the context of certain preferred embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present invention herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.

Claims
  • 1. An interactive play system for entertaining one or more participants playing a game carried out at least in part within a live play environment and at least in part within a computer-generated play environment, said interactive play system comprising: at least one game-compatible toy comprising machine-readable indicia identifying said at least one game-compatible toy;at least one electronic reader device configured to wirelessly read said indicia and to thereby determine an identification number corresponding to said at least one game-compatible toy;at least one live-action gaming station configured to communicate with said at least one electronic reader device, said at least one live-action gaming station comprising one or more physical play elements configured to enable said one or more participants to play said game within said live play environment using said at least one game-compatible toy, wherein said live play environment comprises at least one of: a theme park, a family entertainment center, a gaming arcade, a retail store, a shopping mall or a restaurant;at least one computerized gaming station comprising one or more computer-simulated play elements configured to enable said one or more participants to play said game within said computer-generated play environment using said at least one game-compatible toy or information identifying said at least one game-compatible toy;a computer system configured to communicate with said at least one electronic reader device, said at least one live-action gaming station and said at least one computerized gaming station, said computer system configured to store on a database selected game-relevant information in association with said identification number such that said stored game-relevant information can be accessed and retrieved by said computer system using said identification number; andgame software comprising executable program instructions stored in non-transitory storage that, when executed, direct said computer system to orchestrate said game carried out in both said live play environment and said computer-generated play environment, wherein the participation and progress of said one or more participants are each tracked according to said corresponding identification number of said at least one game-compatible toy.
  • 2. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said at least one game-compatible toy comprises machine-readable indicia selected from the group consisting of: a barcode, a magnetic strip and a radio frequency (RF) device.
  • 3. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said at least one game-compatible toy is configured to produce one or more light, vibration or sound effects in response to a received wireless signal.
  • 4. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said at least one game-compatible toy comprises read/write memory configured to store game-relevant information.
  • 5. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said at least one game-compatible toy comprises a user-wearable item.
  • 6. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said at least one electronic reader device comprises a wireless communication device configured to communicate through a communication medium selected from the group consisting of: radio frequency (RF), infrared, laser, visual, audio and ultrasonic.
  • 7. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said at least one electronic reader device comprises a barcode reader, magnetic strip reader or radio frequency (RF) receiver.
  • 8. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said live play environment is selected from the group consisting of: a theme park, a family entertainment center, a retail store, a shopping mall, and a restaurant.
  • 9. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said computer-generated play environment comprises one or more computer animations produced by a home game console, hand-held game device, personal computer or internet website.
  • 10. The interactive play system of claim 9, wherein said computer-generated play environment is separate and remote from said live play environment.
  • 11. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements is configured to enable said one or more participants to build or construct one or more physical items.
  • 12. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements is configured to enable said one or more participants to: find a hidden item, solve a puzzle, or enter a secret code or password.
  • 13. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements is configured to enable said one or more participants to select a character to be used in said game.
  • 14. The interactive play system of claim 13, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements is configured to enable said one or more participants to select personality traits, character attributes, skills, inventory or personal effects associated with said selected character.
  • 15. The interactive play system of claim 14, wherein said at least one live-action gaming station comprises a display screen configured to display an image of said selected character with said selected personality traits, character attributes, skills, inventory or personal effects.
  • 16. The interactive play system of claim 14, wherein said at least one live-action gaming station comprises a printer configured to produce a printed image of said selected character with said selected personality traits, character attributes, skills, inventory or personal effects.
  • 17. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said at least one computerized gaming station comprises a home game console, hand-held game device, or personal computer.
  • 18. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more computer-simulated play elements is configured to selectively reveal or provide a game-relevant clue, information or item.
  • 19. The interactive play system of claim 18, wherein said at least one computer-simulated play element is configured to selectively reveal or provide said game-relevant clue, information or item by displaying a video or computer animation whereby said one or more participants obtain the game-relevant clue, information or item by viewing the video or computer animation.
  • 20. The interactive play system of claim 18, wherein said at least one computer-simulated play element is configured to selectively reveal or provide said game-relevant clue, information or item based at least in part on said identification number of said at least one game-compatible toy.
  • 21. The interactive play system of claim 1, wherein said at least one computerized gaming station is configured to communicate game relevant information to said computer system through an internet data connection or website connection.
  • 22. The interactive play system of claim 21, wherein said selected game-relevant information comprises one or more of the following: identity of said one or more participants, said identification number, an access code, a user name, or a password.
  • 23. The interactive play system of claim 21, wherein said at least one computerized gaming station is configured to communicate with said at least one electronic reader device.
  • 24. The interactive play system of claim 1, further comprising a digital image capture system comprising at least one digital camera configured to communicate with said computer system, said digital image capture system configured to capture one or more images and to store said captured images in such a manner that they can be identified and retrieved using said identification number.
  • 25. The interactive play system of claim 24, further comprising a digital image retrieval system configured to retrieve, display or print said captured images using said identification number to identify said one or more captured images.
  • 26. An interactive play system for entertaining one or more game participants playing a game carried out at least in part within a live play environment and at least in part within a computer-generated play environment, said interactive play system comprising: one or more game-compatible toys, each of said one or more game-compatible toys comprising a machine-readable identification number,wherein said one or more game-compatible toys are configured to be worn or carried by said one or more game participants while playing said game within said live play environment;a reader device configured to read said machine-readable identification number from each of said one or more game-compatible toys;a first gaming station configured to communicate with said reader device, said first gaming station comprising one or more physical play elements configured to enable said one or more game participants to play said game within said live play environment using said one or more game-compatible toys, wherein said live play environment comprises at least one of: a theme park, a family entertainment center, a gaming arcade, a retail store, a shopping mall or a restaurant;a second gaming station configured to be accessed remotely from said first gaming station and comprising one or more computer-simulated play elements configured to enable said one or more game participants to play said game within said computer-generated play environment using said one or more game-compatible toys or said machine-readable identification number; anda computer system configured to receive selected game-relevant information from said first gaming station and said second gaming station, said computer system configured to store said selected game-relevant information in association with corresponding player identification information uniquely identifying each of said one or more game participants in said game, such that said stored game-relevant information can be accessed and retrieved by said computer system using said player identification information; and game software comprising executable program instructions that direct said computer system to orchestrate said game carried out in both said live play environment and said computer-generated play environment, wherein progress of each of said one or more game participants in said game can be independently tracked according to said corresponding player identification information.
  • 27. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible toys is configured to produce one or more light, vibration or sound effects in response to a received wireless signal.
  • 28. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible toys comprises read/write memory configured to store game-relevant information.
  • 29. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible toys comprises a user-wearable item.
  • 30. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein said reader device comprises a barcode reader, magnetic strip reader or radio frequency (RF) receiver.
  • 31. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein said live play environment is selected from the group consisting of a theme park, a family entertainment center, a retail store, a shopping mall, and a restaurant.
  • 32. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein said computer-generated play environment comprises one or more computer animations produced by a home game console, hand-held game device, personal computer or internet website.
  • 33. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements is configured to enable said one or more game participants to: find a hidden item, solve a puzzle, or enter a secret code or password.
  • 34. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements is configured to enable said one or more game participants to select a character to be used in said game.
  • 35. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein said second gaming station comprises a home game console, hand-held game device, or personal computer.
  • 36. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein at least one of said one or more computer-simulated play elements is configured to selectively reveal or provide a game-relevant clue, information or item.
  • 37. The interactive play system of claim 36, wherein said at least one computer-simulated play element is configured to selectively reveal or provide said game-relevant clue, information or item based at least in part on said identification number of a corresponding game-compatible toy.
  • 38. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein said selected game-relevant information comprises one or more of the following: said player identification information, said identification number, an access code, a user name, or a password.
  • 39. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein said player identification information comprises said identification number.
  • 40. The interactive play system of claim 26, wherein said second gaming station is configured to communicate with a second reader device.
  • 41. The interactive play system of claim 26, further comprising a digital image capture system comprising a digital camera configured to communicate with said computer system, said digital image capture system configured to capture one or more images and to store said captured images in such a manner that they can be identified and retrieved using said player identification information.
  • 42. The interactive play system of claim 41, further comprising a digital image retrieval system configured to retrieve, display or print said one or more captured images using said player identification information to identify said one or more captured images.
  • 43. An interactive play system for entertaining one or more game participants playing a game carried out at least in part within a physical play environment and at least in part within a computer-generated play environment, said interactive play system comprising: one or more game-compatible devices, each of said one or more game-compatible devices comprising a machine-readable identification number, wherein the one or more game-compatible devices are configured to be carried or worn by said one or more game participants while playing said game;one or more reader devices configured to read said machine-readable identification number from said one or more game-compatible devices;a first gaming station configured to communicate with at least one of said one or more reader devices, said first gaming station comprising one or more physical play elements configured to enable said one or more game participants to play said game within said physical play environment using said one or more game-compatible devices, wherein said physical play environment comprises at least one of: a theme park, a family entertainment center, a gaming arcade, a retail store, a shopping mall or a restaurant;a second gaming station configured to communicate with at least one of said one or more reader devices and comprising one or more computer-simulated play elements configured to enable said one or more game participants to play said game within said computer-generated play environment;a digital image capture system configured to communicate with at least one of said one or more reader devices and comprising a digital camera configured to capture image data comprising one or more images of said one or more game participants playing said game; anda computer system configured to receive selected game-relevant information from said first gaming station and said second gaming station and image data from said image capture system, said computer system configured to store said selected game-relevant information and said image data in association with corresponding player identification information uniquely identifying each of said one or more game participants in said game, such that said stored game-relevant information and said stored image data can be accessed and retrieved using said corresponding player identification information;game software comprising executable program instructions stored in non-transitory storage that, when executed, direct said computer system to orchestrate said game carried out in both said physical play environment and said computer-generated play environment, wherein the participation and progress of each of said one or more game participants in said game can be independently tracked according to said corresponding player identification information
  • 44. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein said player identification information comprises said identification number.
  • 45. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible devices comprises a toy themed in accordance with said game.
  • 46. The interactive play system of claim 45, wherein said toy is configured to produce one or more light, vibration or sound effects in response to a received wireless signal.
  • 47. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible devices comprises read/write memory configured to store game-relevant information.
  • 48. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible devices comprises a user-wearable item.
  • 49. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein said one or more reader devices comprise one or more of a barcode reader, a magnetic strip reader or a radio frequency (RF) receiver.
  • 50. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein said computer-generated play environment comprises one or more computer animations produced by a home game console, hand-held game device, personal computer or internet website.
  • 51. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements is configured to enable said one or more game participants to find a hidden item.
  • 52. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements is configured to enable said one or more game participants to select a character to be used in said game.
  • 53. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein said second gaming station comprises a home game console, hand-held game device, or personal computer.
  • 54. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein at least one of said one or more computer-simulated play elements is configured to selectively reveal or provide a game-relevant clue, information or item.
  • 55. The interactive play system of claim 54, wherein said at least one computer-simulated play element is configured to selectively reveal or provide said game-relevant clue, information or item based at least in part on said identification number of a corresponding game-compatible devices device.
  • 56. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein said selected game-relevant information comprises one or more of the following: said player identification information, said identification number, an access code, a user name, or a password.
  • 57. The interactive play system of claim 43, further comprising a digital image retrieval system configured to retrieve, display or print said one or more captured images using said player identification information to identify said one or more captured images.
  • 58. The interactive play system of claim 43, wherein said second gaming station is configured to be accessed remotely from said first gaming station and is further configured to communicate said selected game relevant information through an internet connection.
  • 59. An interactive play system for entertaining one or more game participants playing a game carried out at least in part within a live play environment and at least in part within a computer-generated play environment, said interactive play system comprising: one or more game-compatible devices, wherein each of said one or more game-compatible devices comprises a radio frequency (RF) identification device having stored therein a unique identification number,wherein the one or more game-compatible devices are configured to be carried or worn by said one or more game participants while playing said game;one or more RF transceivers configured to wirelessly communicate with each of said one or more game-compatible devices over a wireless communication range of at least 10 feet to thereby ascertain said corresponding unique identification number;a first gaming station configured to communicate with at least one of said one or more RF transceivers, said first gaming station comprising one or more physical play elements configured to enable said one or more game participants to play a first portion of said game within said live play environment; wherein said live play environment comprises at least one of: a theme park, a family entertainment center, a gaming arcade, a retail store, a shopping mall or a restaurant;a second gaming station comprising one or more computer-simulated play elements configured to enable said one or more game participants to play a second portion of said game within said computer-generated play environment and wherein said second gaming station is further configured such that completion of said second portion requires completion of at least said first portion; anda computer system configured to receive selected game-relevant information from said first gaming station and said second gaming station, said computer system configured to store said selected game-relevant information in association with corresponding player identification information uniquely identifying each of said one or more game participants in said game, such that said stored game-relevant information can be accessed and retrieved using said player identification information; andgame software comprising executable program instructions stored in non-transitory storage that, when executed, direct said computer system to orchestrate said game carried out in both said live play environment and said computer-generated play environment, wherein the participation and progress of each of said one or more game participants in said game can be independently tracked according to said corresponding player identification information.
  • 60. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein said player identification information comprises said unique identification number.
  • 61. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible devices comprises a toy themed in accordance with said game.
  • 62. The interactive play system of claim 61, wherein said toy is configured to produce one or more light, vibration or sound effects in response to a received wireless signal.
  • 63. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible devices comprises read/write memory configured to store game-relevant information.
  • 64. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein at least one of said one or more game-compatible devices comprises a user-wearable item.
  • 65. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein said computer-generated play environment comprises one or more computer animations produced by a game console, hand-held game device, personal computer or internet website.
  • 66. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein at least one of said one or more physical play elements comprises an item hidden within said live play environment.
  • 67. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein said second gaming station comprises a game console, hand-held game device, or personal computer.
  • 68. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein at least one of said one or more computer-simulated play elements is configured to selectively reveal or provide a game-relevant clue, information or item.
  • 69. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein said selected game-relevant information comprises one or more of the following: said player identification information, said unique identification number, an access code, a user name, or a password.
  • 70. The interactive play system of claim 59, wherein said second gaming station is configured to be accessed remotely from said first gaming station and is further configured to communicate said selected game relevant information through an internet connection.
  • 71. The interactive play system of claim 59, further comprising a digital image capture system comprising a digital camera configured to communicate with said computer system, said digital image capture system configured to capture one or more images and to store said captured images in such a manner that they can be identified and retrieved using said player identification information.
RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/829,905, filed Jul. 2, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,342,929, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERACTIVE GAME PLAY,” which is a continuation of and claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/545,658, filed Apr. 10, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,749,089, entitled “MULTI-MEDIA INTERACTIVE PLAY SYSTEM,” which claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/128,318, filed Apr. 8, 1999, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/514,480, filed Feb. 28, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,634,949, entitled “MULTI-MEDIA INTERACTIVE PLAY SYSTEM,” which claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/122,137, filed Feb. 26, 1999, entitled “LINKS INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS,” the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

US Referenced Citations (1292)
Number Name Date Kind
973105 Chamberlain, Jr. Oct 1910 A
1661058 Theremin Feb 1928 A
1789680 Gwinnett Jan 1931 A
2001366 Mittelman May 1935 A
2752725 Unsworth Jul 1956 A
2902023 Waller Sep 1959 A
3135512 Taylor Jun 1964 A
3336030 Martell et al. Aug 1967 A
3395920 Moe Aug 1968 A
3454920 Mehr Jul 1969 A
3456134 Ko Jul 1969 A
3468533 House, Jr. Sep 1969 A
3474241 Kuipers Oct 1969 A
D220268 Kliewer Mar 1971 S
3572712 Vick Mar 1971 A
3633904 Kojima Jan 1972 A
3660648 Kuipers May 1972 A
3707055 Pearce Dec 1972 A
3795805 Swanberg et al. Mar 1974 A
3843127 Lack Oct 1974 A
3949364 Clark et al. Apr 1976 A
3949679 Barber Apr 1976 A
3973257 Rowe Aug 1976 A
3978481 Angwin et al. Aug 1976 A
3997156 Barlow et al. Dec 1976 A
4009619 Snymann Mar 1977 A
4038876 Morris Aug 1977 A
4055341 Martinez Oct 1977 A
4063111 Dobler et al. Dec 1977 A
4153250 Anthony May 1979 A
4166406 Maughmer Sep 1979 A
4171737 McLaughlin Oct 1979 A
4175665 Dogliotti Nov 1979 A
4205785 Stanley Jun 1980 A
4231077 Joyce et al. Oct 1980 A
4240638 Morrison et al. Dec 1980 A
4282681 McCaslin Aug 1981 A
4287765 Kreft Sep 1981 A
4296929 Meyer et al. Oct 1981 A
4303978 Shaw Dec 1981 A
4318245 Stowell et al. Mar 1982 A
4321678 Krogmann Mar 1982 A
4325199 McEdwards Apr 1982 A
4337948 Breslow Jul 1982 A
4342985 Desjardins Aug 1982 A
4402250 Baasch Sep 1983 A
4412205 Von Kemenczky Oct 1983 A
4425488 Moskin Jan 1984 A
4443866 Burgiss Apr 1984 A
4450325 Luque May 1984 A
4503299 Henrard Mar 1985 A
4514600 Lentz Apr 1985 A
4514798 Lesche Apr 1985 A
4540176 Baer Sep 1985 A
4546551 Franks Oct 1985 A
4558604 Auer Dec 1985 A
4561299 Orlando Dec 1985 A
4575621 Dreifus Mar 1986 A
4578674 Baker et al. Mar 1986 A
4595369 Downs Jun 1986 A
4623887 Welles Nov 1986 A
4623930 Oshima Nov 1986 A
4627620 Yang Dec 1986 A
4645458 Williams Feb 1987 A
4672374 Desjardins Jun 1987 A
4678450 Scolari et al. Jul 1987 A
4695058 Carter, III et al. Sep 1987 A
4695953 Blair et al. Sep 1987 A
4699379 Chateau et al. Oct 1987 A
4739128 Grisham Apr 1988 A
4750733 Foth Jun 1988 A
4761540 McGeorge Aug 1988 A
4776253 Downes Oct 1988 A
4787051 Olson Nov 1988 A
4816810 Moore Mar 1989 A
4817950 Goo Apr 1989 A
4819182 King et al. Apr 1989 A
4839838 LaBiche et al. Jun 1989 A
4843568 Kreuger et al. Jun 1989 A
4849655 Bennett Jul 1989 A
4851685 Dubgen Jul 1989 A
4858390 Kenig Aug 1989 A
4858930 Sato Aug 1989 A
4862165 Gart Aug 1989 A
4882717 Hayakawa et al. Nov 1989 A
4891032 Davis Jan 1990 A
4904222 Gastgeb et al. Feb 1990 A
4910677 Remedio et al. Mar 1990 A
4914598 Krogmann Apr 1990 A
4918293 McGeorge Apr 1990 A
4924358 VonHeck May 1990 A
4932917 Klitsner Jun 1990 A
4957291 Miffitt Sep 1990 A
4960275 Magon Oct 1990 A
4961369 McGill Oct 1990 A
4964837 Collier Oct 1990 A
4967321 Cimock Oct 1990 A
4969647 Mical et al. Nov 1990 A
4980519 Mathews Dec 1990 A
4988981 Zimmerman et al. Jan 1991 A
4994795 MacKenzie Feb 1991 A
5011161 Galphin Apr 1991 A
5036442 Brown Jul 1991 A
RE33662 Blair et al. Aug 1991 E
5045843 Hansen Sep 1991 A
5048831 Sides Sep 1991 A
D320624 Taylor Oct 1991 S
5058480 Suzuki et al. Oct 1991 A
5059958 Jacobs et al. Oct 1991 A
5062696 Oshima Nov 1991 A
5068645 Drumm Nov 1991 A
D322242 Cordell Dec 1991 S
5076584 Openiano Dec 1991 A
D325225 Adhida Apr 1992 S
5114155 Tillery et al. May 1992 A
5114344 Fumagalli et al. May 1992 A
5124938 Algrain Jun 1992 A
5127657 Ikezawa et al. Jul 1992 A
5128671 Thomas, Jr. Jul 1992 A
D328463 King et al. Aug 1992 S
5136222 Yamamoto Aug 1992 A
5138154 Hotelling Aug 1992 A
5145446 Kuo Sep 1992 A
D331058 Morales Nov 1992 S
5166502 Rendleman Nov 1992 A
5170002 Suzuki et al. Dec 1992 A
5175481 Kanno Dec 1992 A
5177311 Suzuki et al. Jan 1993 A
5178477 Gambaro Jan 1993 A
5181181 Glynn Jan 1993 A
5184830 Okada et al. Feb 1993 A
5188368 Ryan Feb 1993 A
5190285 Levy et al. Mar 1993 A
5192082 Inoue et al. Mar 1993 A
5192823 Suzuki et al. Mar 1993 A
5194006 Zaenglein, Jr. Mar 1993 A
5194048 Briggs Mar 1993 A
5202844 Kamio Apr 1993 A
5207426 Inoue et al. May 1993 A
5212368 Hara May 1993 A
5213327 Kitaue May 1993 A
5223698 Kapur Jun 1993 A
5231568 Cohen et al. Jul 1993 A
D338242 Cordell Aug 1993 S
5232223 Dornbusch Aug 1993 A
5236200 McGregor et al. Aug 1993 A
5247651 Clarisse Sep 1993 A
D340042 Copper et al. Oct 1993 S
5259626 Ho Nov 1993 A
5262777 Low et al. Nov 1993 A
D342256 Payne et al. Dec 1993 S
5277645 Kelley et al. Jan 1994 A
5279513 Connelly Jan 1994 A
5280744 DeCarlo Jan 1994 A
D345164 Grae Mar 1994 S
5290964 Hiyoshi et al. Mar 1994 A
5292124 Carpenter Mar 1994 A
5292254 Miller et al. Mar 1994 A
5296871 Paley Mar 1994 A
5299967 Gilbert Apr 1994 A
5307325 Scheiber Apr 1994 A
5310192 Miyake May 1994 A
5317394 Hale May 1994 A
5319548 Germain Jun 1994 A
5320358 Jones Jun 1994 A
5320362 Bear et al. Jun 1994 A
5329276 Hirabayashi Jul 1994 A
5332322 Gambaro Jul 1994 A
5339095 Redford Aug 1994 A
D350736 Takahashi et al. Sep 1994 S
D350782 Barr Sep 1994 S
D351430 Barr Oct 1994 S
5354057 Pruitt et al. Oct 1994 A
5356343 Lovetere Oct 1994 A
5357267 Inoue Oct 1994 A
5359321 Ribic Oct 1994 A
5359348 Pilcher et al. Oct 1994 A
5363120 Drumm Nov 1994 A
5365214 Angott et al. Nov 1994 A
5366229 Suzuki Nov 1994 A
5369580 Monji Nov 1994 A
5369889 Callaghan Dec 1994 A
5372365 McTeigue et al. Dec 1994 A
5373857 Travers et al. Dec 1994 A
5378197 Briggs Jan 1995 A
5382026 Harvard et al. Jan 1995 A
5393074 Bear et al. Feb 1995 A
5396227 Carroll et al. Mar 1995 A
5396265 Ulrich et al. Mar 1995 A
5403238 Baxter et al. Apr 1995 A
5405294 Briggs Apr 1995 A
5411269 Thomas May 1995 A
5416535 Sato et al. May 1995 A
5421575 Triner Jun 1995 A
5421590 Robbins Jun 1995 A
5422956 Wheaton Jun 1995 A
5429361 Raven et al. Jul 1995 A
5430435 Hoch Jul 1995 A
5432864 Lu et al. Jul 1995 A
5435561 Conley Jul 1995 A
5435569 Zilliox Jul 1995 A
D360903 Barr et al. Aug 1995 S
5439199 Briggs et al. Aug 1995 A
5440326 Quinn Aug 1995 A
5443261 Lee et al. Aug 1995 A
5452893 Faulk et al. Sep 1995 A
5453053 Danta et al. Sep 1995 A
5453758 Sato Sep 1995 A
D362870 Oikawa Oct 1995 S
5459489 Redford Oct 1995 A
5469194 Clark et al. Nov 1995 A
5481957 Paley Jan 1996 A
5482510 Ishii et al. Jan 1996 A
5484355 King Jan 1996 A
5485171 Copper et al. Jan 1996 A
5488362 Ullman et al. Jan 1996 A
5490058 Yamasaki Feb 1996 A
5498002 Gechter Mar 1996 A
5502486 Ueda Mar 1996 A
5506605 Paley Apr 1996 A
5509806 Ellsworth Apr 1996 A
5512892 Corballis et al. Apr 1996 A
5516105 Eisenbrey et al. May 1996 A
5517183 Bozeman May 1996 A
5523800 Dudek Jun 1996 A
5524637 Erickson Jun 1996 A
5526022 Donahue et al. Jun 1996 A
5528265 Harrison Jun 1996 A
5531443 Cruz Jul 1996 A
5533933 Garnjost et al. Jul 1996 A
5541860 Takei et al. Jul 1996 A
5550721 Rapisarda Aug 1996 A
5551701 Bouton et al. Sep 1996 A
5554033 Bizzi et al. Sep 1996 A
5554980 Hashimoto et al. Sep 1996 A
5561543 Ogawa Oct 1996 A
5563628 Stroop Oct 1996 A
5569085 Igarashi et al. Oct 1996 A
D375326 Yokoi et al. Nov 1996 S
5573011 Felsing Nov 1996 A
5574479 Odell Nov 1996 A
5579025 Itoh Nov 1996 A
D376826 Ashida Dec 1996 S
5580319 Hamilton Dec 1996 A
5581484 Prince Dec 1996 A
5585584 Satoshi Dec 1996 A
5586767 Bohland Dec 1996 A
5587558 Matsushima Dec 1996 A
5587740 Brennan Dec 1996 A
5594465 Poulachon Jan 1997 A
5598187 Ide et al. Jan 1997 A
5602569 Kato Feb 1997 A
5603658 Cohen Feb 1997 A
5605505 Han Feb 1997 A
5606343 Tsuboyama Feb 1997 A
5611731 Bouton et al. Mar 1997 A
5613913 Ikematsu et al. Mar 1997 A
5615132 Horton Mar 1997 A
5621459 Ueda Apr 1997 A
5623581 Attenberg Apr 1997 A
5624117 Ohkubo et al. Apr 1997 A
5627565 Morishita et al. May 1997 A
5632878 Kitano May 1997 A
D379832 Ashida Jun 1997 S
5640152 Copper Jun 1997 A
5641288 Zzenglein, Jr. Jun 1997 A
5642931 Gappelberg Jul 1997 A
5643087 Marcus et al. Jul 1997 A
5645077 Foxlin Jul 1997 A
5645277 Cheng Jul 1997 A
5647796 Cohen Jul 1997 A
5649867 Briggs Jul 1997 A
5651049 Easterling et al. Jul 1997 A
5655053 Renie Aug 1997 A
5662332 Garfield Sep 1997 A
5662525 Briggs Sep 1997 A
5666138 Culver Sep 1997 A
5667217 Kelly et al. Sep 1997 A
5667220 Cheng Sep 1997 A
5670845 Grant Sep 1997 A
5670988 Tickle Sep 1997 A
5672090 Liu Sep 1997 A
5674128 Holch et al. Oct 1997 A
5676450 Sink et al. Oct 1997 A
5676673 Ferre et al. Oct 1997 A
5679004 McGowan et al. Oct 1997 A
5682181 Nguyen et al. Oct 1997 A
5685776 Stambolic et al. Nov 1997 A
5685778 Sheldon et al. Nov 1997 A
5694340 Kim Dec 1997 A
5698784 Hotelling et al. Dec 1997 A
5701131 Kuga Dec 1997 A
5702232 Moore Dec 1997 A
5702305 Norman et al. Dec 1997 A
5702323 Poulton Dec 1997 A
5703623 Hall et al. Dec 1997 A
5716216 O'Loughlin et al. Feb 1998 A
5716281 Dote Feb 1998 A
5724106 Autry et al. Mar 1998 A
5724497 San et al. Mar 1998 A
5726675 Inoue Mar 1998 A
5733131 Park Mar 1998 A
5734371 Kaplan Mar 1998 A
5734373 Rosenberg Mar 1998 A
5734807 Sumi Mar 1998 A
D393884 Hayami Apr 1998 S
5736970 Bozeman Apr 1998 A
5739811 Rosenberg et al. Apr 1998 A
5741182 Lipps et al. Apr 1998 A
5741189 Briggs Apr 1998 A
5742331 Uomori Apr 1998 A
5745226 Gigioli Apr 1998 A
D394264 Sakamoto et al. May 1998 S
5746602 Kikinis May 1998 A
5751273 Cohen May 1998 A
5752880 Gabai et al. May 1998 A
5752882 Acres et al. May 1998 A
5757305 Xydis May 1998 A
5757354 Kawamura May 1998 A
5757360 Nitta et al. May 1998 A
D395464 Shiibashi et al. Jun 1998 S
5764224 Lilja et al. Jun 1998 A
5769719 Hsu Jun 1998 A
5770533 Franchi Jun 1998 A
5771038 Wang Jun 1998 A
5772508 Sugita et al. Jun 1998 A
D396468 Schindler et al. Jul 1998 S
5775998 Ikematsu et al. Jul 1998 A
5779240 Santella Jul 1998 A
5785317 Sasaki Jul 1998 A
5785592 Jacobsen Jul 1998 A
5786626 Brady et al. Jul 1998 A
D397162 Yokoi et al. Aug 1998 S
5791648 Hohl Aug 1998 A
5794081 Itoh Aug 1998 A
5796354 Cartabiano et al. Aug 1998 A
5803740 Gesink et al. Sep 1998 A
5803840 Young Sep 1998 A
5806849 Rutkowski Sep 1998 A
5807284 Foxlin Sep 1998 A
5810666 Mero et al. Sep 1998 A
5811896 Grad Sep 1998 A
5819206 Horton et al. Oct 1998 A
5820462 Yokoi et al. Oct 1998 A
5820471 Briggs Oct 1998 A
5820472 Briggs Oct 1998 A
5822713 Profeta Oct 1998 A
5825298 Walter Oct 1998 A
5825350 Case, Jr. et al. Oct 1998 A
D400885 Goto Nov 1998 S
5830065 Sitrick Nov 1998 A
5831553 Lenssen et al. Nov 1998 A
5833549 Zur et al. Nov 1998 A
5835077 Dao et al. Nov 1998 A
5835156 Blonstein et al. Nov 1998 A
5835576 Katz Nov 1998 A
5836817 Acres et al. Nov 1998 A
5838138 Henty Nov 1998 A
5841409 Ishibashi et al. Nov 1998 A
D402328 Ashida Dec 1998 S
5847854 Benson, Jr. Dec 1998 A
5850624 Gard Dec 1998 A
5851149 Xidos et al. Dec 1998 A
5853327 Gilboa Dec 1998 A
5853332 Briggs Dec 1998 A
5854622 Brannon Dec 1998 A
5855483 Collins et al. Jan 1999 A
D405071 Gambaro Feb 1999 S
5865680 Briggs Feb 1999 A
5867146 Kim et al. Feb 1999 A
5874941 Yamada Feb 1999 A
5875257 Marrin et al. Feb 1999 A
D407071 Keating Mar 1999 S
D407761 Barr Apr 1999 S
5893562 Spector Apr 1999 A
5897437 Nishiumi Apr 1999 A
5898421 Quinn Apr 1999 A
5900867 Schindler et al. May 1999 A
5901246 Hoffberg et al. May 1999 A
5902968 Sato et al. May 1999 A
5906542 Neumann May 1999 A
D410909 Tickle Jun 1999 S
5908996 Litterst et al. Jun 1999 A
5911634 Nidata et al. Jun 1999 A
5912612 DeVolpi Jun 1999 A
5913019 Attenberg Jun 1999 A
5913727 Ahdoot Jun 1999 A
5919149 Allen Jul 1999 A
5923317 Sayler et al. Jul 1999 A
5924695 Heykoop Jul 1999 A
5926780 Fox et al. Jul 1999 A
5929782 Stark et al. Jul 1999 A
5929841 Fujii Jul 1999 A
5929848 Albukerk et al. Jul 1999 A
D412940 Kato et al. Aug 1999 S
5931739 Layer et al. Aug 1999 A
5942969 Wicks Aug 1999 A
5944533 Wood Aug 1999 A
5946444 Evans et al. Aug 1999 A
5947789 Chan Sep 1999 A
5947868 Dugan Sep 1999 A
5955713 Titus Sep 1999 A
5955988 Blonstein Sep 1999 A
5956035 Sciammarella Sep 1999 A
5957779 Larson Sep 1999 A
5961386 Sawaguchi Oct 1999 A
5963136 O'Brien Oct 1999 A
5964660 James et al. Oct 1999 A
5967898 Takasaka et al. Oct 1999 A
5967901 Briggs Oct 1999 A
5971270 Barna Oct 1999 A
5971271 Wynn et al. Oct 1999 A
5973757 Aubuchon et al. Oct 1999 A
5980254 Muehle et al. Nov 1999 A
5982352 Pryor Nov 1999 A
5982356 Akiyama Nov 1999 A
5984785 Takeda et al. Nov 1999 A
5984788 Lebensfeld et al. Nov 1999 A
5986570 Black et al. Nov 1999 A
5986644 Herder Nov 1999 A
5989120 Truchsess Nov 1999 A
5991085 Rallison et al. Nov 1999 A
5991693 Zalewski Nov 1999 A
5996033 Chiu-Hao Nov 1999 A
5999168 Rosenberg Dec 1999 A
6001014 Ogata Dec 1999 A
6001015 Nishiumi et al. Dec 1999 A
6002394 Schein Dec 1999 A
6009458 Hawkins et al. Dec 1999 A
D419199 Cordell et al. Jan 2000 S
D419200 Ashida Jan 2000 S
6010406 Kajikawa et al. Jan 2000 A
6011526 Toyoshima et al. Jan 2000 A
6012980 Yoshida et al. Jan 2000 A
6012984 Roseman Jan 2000 A
6013007 Root et al. Jan 2000 A
6016144 Blonstein Jan 2000 A
6019680 Cheng Feb 2000 A
6020876 Rosenberg Feb 2000 A
6024647 Bennett et al. Feb 2000 A
6024675 Kashiwaguchi Feb 2000 A
6025830 Cohen Feb 2000 A
6037882 Levy Mar 2000 A
6044297 Sheldon Mar 2000 A
6049823 Hwang Apr 2000 A
6052083 Wilson Apr 2000 A
6057788 Cummings May 2000 A
6058342 Orbach May 2000 A
6059576 Brann May 2000 A
6060847 Hettema et al. May 2000 A
6066075 Poulton May 2000 A
6069594 Barnes et al. May 2000 A
6072467 Walker Jun 2000 A
6072470 Ishigaki Jun 2000 A
6075443 Schepps et al. Jun 2000 A
6075575 Schein et al. Jun 2000 A
6076734 Dougherty et al. Jun 2000 A
6077106 Mish Jun 2000 A
6078789 Bodenmann Jun 2000 A
6079982 Meader Jun 2000 A
6080063 Khosla Jun 2000 A
6081819 Ogino Jun 2000 A
6084315 Schmitt Jul 2000 A
6084577 Sato et al. Jul 2000 A
6085805 Bates Jul 2000 A
6087950 Capan Jul 2000 A
6089987 Briggs Jul 2000 A
6091342 Janesch et al. Jul 2000 A
D429718 Rudolph Aug 2000 S
6095926 Hettema et al. Aug 2000 A
6102406 Miles et al. Aug 2000 A
6110039 Oh Aug 2000 A
6110041 Walker et al. Aug 2000 A
6115028 Balakrishnan Sep 2000 A
6127990 Zwern Oct 2000 A
6129549 Thompson Oct 2000 A
6132318 Briggs Oct 2000 A
6137457 Tokuhashi Oct 2000 A
D433381 Talesfore Nov 2000 S
6142870 Wada Nov 2000 A
6142876 Cumbers Nov 2000 A
6144367 Berstis Nov 2000 A
6146278 Kobayashi Nov 2000 A
6148100 Anderson et al. Nov 2000 A
6149490 Hampton Nov 2000 A
6150947 Shima Nov 2000 A
6154723 Cox et al. Nov 2000 A
6155926 Miyamoto et al. Dec 2000 A
6160405 Needle Dec 2000 A
6160540 Fishkin et al. Dec 2000 A
6160986 Gabai et al. Dec 2000 A
6162122 Acres et al. Dec 2000 A
6162123 Woolston Dec 2000 A
6162191 Foxin Dec 2000 A
6164808 Shibata Dec 2000 A
6171190 Thanasack et al. Jan 2001 B1
6174242 Briggs et al. Jan 2001 B1
6176837 Foxlin Jan 2001 B1
6181253 Eschenbach et al. Jan 2001 B1
6181329 Stork et al. Jan 2001 B1
6183364 Trovato Feb 2001 B1
6183365 Tonomura et al. Feb 2001 B1
6184847 Fateh et al. Feb 2001 B1
6184862 Leiper Feb 2001 B1
6184863 Sibert Feb 2001 B1
6186902 Briggs Feb 2001 B1
6191774 Schena Feb 2001 B1
6196893 Casola et al. Mar 2001 B1
6198295 Hill Mar 2001 B1
6198470 Agam et al. Mar 2001 B1
6198471 Cook Mar 2001 B1
6200216 Peppel Mar 2001 B1
6200219 Rudell et al. Mar 2001 B1
6200253 Nishiumi Mar 2001 B1
6201554 Lands Mar 2001 B1
6206745 Gabai et al. Mar 2001 B1
6206782 Walker et al. Mar 2001 B1
6210287 Briggs Apr 2001 B1
6211861 Rosenberg et al. Apr 2001 B1
6214155 Leighton Apr 2001 B1
6217450 Meredith Apr 2001 B1
6217478 Vohmann Apr 2001 B1
6220171 Hettema et al. Apr 2001 B1
6220964 Miyamoto Apr 2001 B1
6220965 Hanna et al. Apr 2001 B1
6222522 Mathews Apr 2001 B1
D442998 Ashida May 2001 S
6224486 Walker et al. May 2001 B1
6224491 Hiromi et al. May 2001 B1
6225987 Matsuda May 2001 B1
6226534 Aizawa May 2001 B1
6227966 Yokoi May 2001 B1
6227974 Eilat et al. May 2001 B1
6231451 Briggs May 2001 B1
6234803 Watkins May 2001 B1
6238289 Sobota et al. May 2001 B1
6238291 Fujimoto et al. May 2001 B1
6239806 Nishiumi et al. May 2001 B1
RE37220 Rapisarda et al. Jun 2001 E
6241611 Takeda et al. Jun 2001 B1
6243491 Andersson Jun 2001 B1
6243658 Raby Jun 2001 B1
6244987 Ohsuga et al. Jun 2001 B1
6245014 Brainard et al. Jun 2001 B1
6248019 Mudie et al. Jun 2001 B1
6254101 Young Jul 2001 B1
6254394 Draper et al. Jul 2001 B1
6261180 Lebensfeld et al. Jul 2001 B1
6264202 Briggs Jul 2001 B1
6264558 Nishiumi et al. Jul 2001 B1
6265984 Molinaroli Jul 2001 B1
6267673 Miyamoto et al. Jul 2001 B1
6273425 Westfall et al. Aug 2001 B1
6273819 Strauss et al. Aug 2001 B1
6276353 Briggs et al. Aug 2001 B1
6280327 Leifer et al. Aug 2001 B1
6280328 Holch et al. Aug 2001 B1
6283862 Richter Sep 2001 B1
6283871 Briggs Sep 2001 B1
6287200 Sharma Sep 2001 B1
6290565 Galyean, III et al. Sep 2001 B1
6290566 Gabai et al. Sep 2001 B1
6293684 Riblett Sep 2001 B1
6297751 Fadavi-Ardekani Oct 2001 B1
6301534 McDermott Oct 2001 B1
6302793 Fertitta, III et al. Oct 2001 B1
6302796 Lebensfeld et al. Oct 2001 B1
6304250 Yang Oct 2001 B1
6311982 Lebensfeld et al. Nov 2001 B1
6315673 Kopera Nov 2001 B1
6320495 Sporgis Nov 2001 B1
6322365 Shechter et al. Nov 2001 B1
6323614 Palaxxolo Nov 2001 B1
6323654 Needle Nov 2001 B1
6325718 Nishiumi et al. Dec 2001 B1
6328648 Walker et al. Dec 2001 B1
6328650 Fukawa et al. Dec 2001 B1
6329648 Delatorre Dec 2001 B1
6330427 Tabachnik Dec 2001 B1
6331841 Tokuhashi Dec 2001 B1
6331856 VanHook Dec 2001 B1
6332840 Nishiumi et al. Dec 2001 B1
6337954 Soshi Jan 2002 B1
6342010 Slifer Jan 2002 B1
6346047 Sobota Feb 2002 B1
6347993 Kondo et al. Feb 2002 B1
6347998 Yoshitomi et al. Feb 2002 B1
6350199 Williams et al. Feb 2002 B1
6352478 Gabai et al. Mar 2002 B1
6356867 Gabai et al. Mar 2002 B1
6361396 Snyder Mar 2002 B1
6361507 Foxlin Mar 2002 B1
D456410 Ashida Apr 2002 S
6364735 Bristow et al. Apr 2002 B1
6368177 Gabai et al. Apr 2002 B1
6368217 Kanno Apr 2002 B2
6369794 Sakurai et al. Apr 2002 B1
6369908 Frey et al. Apr 2002 B1
6371375 Ackley et al. Apr 2002 B1
6371853 Borta Apr 2002 B1
6375566 Yamada Apr 2002 B1
6375569 Acres Apr 2002 B1
6375572 Masuyama et al. Apr 2002 B1
6375578 Briggs Apr 2002 B1
6377793 Jenkins Apr 2002 B1
6377906 Rowe Apr 2002 B1
D456854 Ashida May 2002 S
6383079 Takeda et al. May 2002 B1
6386538 Mejia May 2002 B1
6392613 Goto May 2002 B1
6394904 Stallker May 2002 B1
6400480 Thomas Jun 2002 B1
6400996 Hoffberg et al. Jun 2002 B1
6404409 Solomon Jun 2002 B1
6409379 Gabathuler et al. Jun 2002 B1
6409604 Matsuno Jun 2002 B1
6409687 Foxlin Jun 2002 B1
D459727 Ashida Jul 2002 S
D460787 Nishikawa Jul 2002 S
6414589 Angott et al. Jul 2002 B1
6415223 Lin Jul 2002 B1
6421056 Nishiumi Jul 2002 B1
6424333 Tremblay Jul 2002 B1
6426719 Nagareda Jul 2002 B1
6426741 Goldsmith et al. Jul 2002 B1
6438193 Ko Aug 2002 B1
D462683 Ashida Sep 2002 S
6445960 Borta Sep 2002 B1
6452494 Harrison Sep 2002 B1
6456276 Park Sep 2002 B1
D464052 Fletcher Oct 2002 S
D464950 Fraquelli et al. Oct 2002 S
6462769 Trowbridge et al. Oct 2002 B1
6463257 Wood Oct 2002 B1
6463859 Ikezawa et al. Oct 2002 B1
6466198 Feinstein Oct 2002 B1
6466831 Shibata Oct 2002 B1
6473070 Mishra et al. Oct 2002 B2
6473713 McCall Oct 2002 B1
6474159 Foxlin et al. Nov 2002 B1
6482067 Pickens Nov 2002 B1
6484080 Breed Nov 2002 B2
6490409 Walker Dec 2002 B1
6492981 Stork et al. Dec 2002 B1
6494457 Conte et al. Dec 2002 B2
6496122 Sampsell Dec 2002 B2
6509217 Reddy Jan 2003 B1
6512511 Willner Jan 2003 B2
6517438 Tosaki Feb 2003 B2
6518952 Leiper Feb 2003 B1
6525660 Surintrspanont Feb 2003 B1
6526158 Goldberg Feb 2003 B1
6527638 Walker et al. Mar 2003 B1
6527646 Briggs Mar 2003 B1
6530838 Ha et al. Mar 2003 B2
6530841 Bull et al. Mar 2003 B2
6538675 Aratani Mar 2003 B2
D473942 Motoki et al. Apr 2003 S
6540607 Mokris et al. Apr 2003 B2
6540611 Nagata Apr 2003 B1
6544124 Ireland Apr 2003 B2
6544126 Sawano Apr 2003 B2
6545611 Hayashi et al. Apr 2003 B2
6545661 Goschy et al. Apr 2003 B1
6551165 Smirnov Apr 2003 B2
6551188 Toyama et al. Apr 2003 B2
6554707 Sinclair et al. Apr 2003 B1
6554781 Carter et al. Apr 2003 B1
D474763 Tozaki et al. May 2003 S
6558225 Rehkemper et al. May 2003 B1
6560511 Yokoo et al. May 2003 B1
6561049 Akiyama et al. May 2003 B2
6565438 Ogino May 2003 B2
6565444 Nagata et al. May 2003 B2
6567536 McNitt et al. May 2003 B2
6569023 Briggs May 2003 B1
6572108 Bristow Jun 2003 B1
6575753 Rosa et al. Jun 2003 B2
6577350 Proehl Jun 2003 B1
6579098 Shechter Jun 2003 B2
6582299 Matsuyama et al. Jun 2003 B1
6582380 Kazlausky et al. Jun 2003 B2
6583783 Dietrich Jun 2003 B1
6585596 Liefer et al. Jul 2003 B1
6589120 Takahashi Jul 2003 B1
6590536 Walton Jul 2003 B1
6591677 Rothoff Jul 2003 B2
6592461 Raviv et al. Jul 2003 B1
6595863 Chamberlain et al. Jul 2003 B2
6597342 Haruta Jul 2003 B1
6597443 Boman Jul 2003 B2
6598978 Hasegawa Jul 2003 B2
6599194 Smith Jul 2003 B1
6605038 Teller et al. Aug 2003 B1
6607123 Jollifee et al. Aug 2003 B1
6608563 Weston et al. Aug 2003 B2
6609969 Luciano et al. Aug 2003 B1
6609977 Shimizu Aug 2003 B1
6616452 Clark et al. Sep 2003 B2
6616535 Nishizak Sep 2003 B1
6616607 Hashimoto Sep 2003 B2
6626728 Holt Sep 2003 B2
6628257 Oka Sep 2003 B1
6629019 Legge et al. Sep 2003 B2
6632142 Keith Oct 2003 B2
6633155 Liang Oct 2003 B1
6634949 Briggs et al. Oct 2003 B1
6636826 Abe et al. Oct 2003 B1
6641482 Masuyama et al. Nov 2003 B2
6642837 Vigoda et al. Nov 2003 B1
6650029 Johnston Nov 2003 B1
6650313 Levine Nov 2003 B2
6650345 Saito Nov 2003 B1
6651268 Briggs Nov 2003 B1
6654001 Su Nov 2003 B1
6672962 Ozaki et al. Jan 2004 B1
6676520 Nishiumi et al. Jan 2004 B2
6676524 Botzas Jan 2004 B1
6677990 Kawahara Jan 2004 B1
6681629 Foxlin et al. Jan 2004 B2
6682074 Weston Jan 2004 B2
6682351 Abraham-Fuchs et al. Jan 2004 B1
6684062 Gosior et al. Jan 2004 B1
D486145 Kaminski et al. Feb 2004 S
6686954 Kitaguchi Feb 2004 B1
6692170 Abir Feb 2004 B2
6693622 Shahoian et al. Feb 2004 B1
6702672 Angell et al. Mar 2004 B1
6709336 Siegel et al. Mar 2004 B2
6712692 Basson Mar 2004 B2
6716102 Whitten et al. Apr 2004 B2
6717573 Shahoian et al. Apr 2004 B1
6717673 Janssen Apr 2004 B1
6718280 Hermann Apr 2004 B2
6725107 MacPherson Apr 2004 B2
6725173 An Apr 2004 B2
6726099 Becker et al. Apr 2004 B2
D489361 Mori et al. May 2004 S
6729934 Driscoll et al. May 2004 B1
6733390 Walker et al. May 2004 B2
6736009 Schwabe May 2004 B1
6739874 Marcus et al. May 2004 B2
6739979 Tracy May 2004 B2
D491924 Kaminski et al. Jun 2004 S
D492285 Ombao et al. Jun 2004 S
6743104 Ota et al. Jun 2004 B1
6746334 Barney Jun 2004 B1
6747632 Howard Jun 2004 B2
6747690 Molgaard Jun 2004 B2
6749432 French et al. Jun 2004 B2
6752719 Himoto et al. Jun 2004 B2
6753849 Curran et al. Jun 2004 B1
6753888 Kamiwada Jun 2004 B2
6757068 Foxlin Jun 2004 B2
6757446 Li Jun 2004 B1
6761637 Weston et al. Jul 2004 B2
6765553 Odamura Jul 2004 B1
D495336 Andre et al. Aug 2004 S
6770863 Walley Aug 2004 B2
6773325 Mawle et al. Aug 2004 B1
6773344 Gabai et al. Aug 2004 B1
6785539 Hale Aug 2004 B2
6786877 Foxlin Sep 2004 B2
6796177 Mori Sep 2004 B2
6796908 Weston Sep 2004 B2
6797895 Lapstun Sep 2004 B2
6811489 Shimizu Nov 2004 B1
6811491 Levenberg et al. Nov 2004 B1
6812583 Cheung et al. Nov 2004 B2
6812881 Mullaly et al. Nov 2004 B1
6813525 Reid Nov 2004 B2
6813574 Yedur Nov 2004 B1
6813584 Zhou et al. Nov 2004 B2
6816151 Dellinger Nov 2004 B2
6821204 Aonuma et al. Nov 2004 B2
6821206 Ishida et al. Nov 2004 B1
6835135 Silverbrook et al. Dec 2004 B1
6836705 Hellman Dec 2004 B2
6836751 Paxton et al. Dec 2004 B2
6836971 Wang Jan 2005 B1
6842991 Levi Jan 2005 B2
6846238 Wells Jan 2005 B2
6850221 Tickle Feb 2005 B1
6850844 Walters Feb 2005 B1
6852032 Ishino Feb 2005 B2
6856327 Choi Feb 2005 B2
D502468 Knight et al. Mar 2005 S
6868738 Moscrip Mar 2005 B2
6872139 Sato et al. Mar 2005 B2
6873406 Hines Mar 2005 B1
D503750 Kit et al. Apr 2005 S
D504298 Hedderich et al. Apr 2005 S
6878066 Leifer Apr 2005 B2
6882824 Wood Apr 2005 B2
D504677 Kaminski et al. May 2005 S
D505424 Ashida et al. May 2005 S
6890262 Oishi May 2005 B2
6891526 Gombert May 2005 B2
6894686 Stamper et al. May 2005 B2
6897845 Ozawa May 2005 B2
6897854 Cho May 2005 B2
6902483 Lin Jun 2005 B2
6903725 Nacson Jun 2005 B2
6905411 Nguyen et al. Jun 2005 B2
6906700 Armstrong Jun 2005 B1
6908386 Suzuki et al. Jun 2005 B2
6908388 Shimizu Jun 2005 B2
6918833 Emmerson et al. Jul 2005 B2
6921332 Fukunaga Jul 2005 B2
6922632 Foxlin Jul 2005 B2
6924787 Kramer et al. Aug 2005 B2
6925410 Narayanan Aug 2005 B2
6929543 Ueshima et al. Aug 2005 B1
6929548 Wang Aug 2005 B2
6932698 Sprogis Aug 2005 B2
6932706 Kaminkow Aug 2005 B1
6933861 Wang Aug 2005 B2
6933923 Feinstein Aug 2005 B2
6935864 Shechter et al. Aug 2005 B2
6935952 Walker et al. Aug 2005 B2
6939232 Tanaka et al. Sep 2005 B2
6948999 Chan Sep 2005 B2
6954980 Song Oct 2005 B2
6955606 Taho et al. Oct 2005 B2
6956564 Williams Oct 2005 B1
6965374 Villet et al. Nov 2005 B2
6966775 Kendir et al. Nov 2005 B1
6967563 Bormaster Nov 2005 B2
6967566 Weston et al. Nov 2005 B2
6982697 Wilson et al. Jan 2006 B2
6983219 Mantyjarvi Jan 2006 B2
6984208 Zheng Jan 2006 B2
6990639 Wilson Jan 2006 B2
6993451 Chang et al. Jan 2006 B2
6995748 Gordon et al. Feb 2006 B2
6998966 Pedersen Feb 2006 B2
7000469 Foxlin et al. Feb 2006 B2
7002591 Leather Feb 2006 B1
7004847 Henry Feb 2006 B2
7029400 Briggs Apr 2006 B2
7031875 Ellenby et al. Apr 2006 B2
7040986 Koshima May 2006 B2
7040993 Lovitt May 2006 B1
7040998 Jolliffe et al. May 2006 B2
7052391 Luciano, Jr. May 2006 B1
7055101 Abbott et al. May 2006 B2
7056221 Thirkettle et al. Jun 2006 B2
7059974 Golliffe et al. Jun 2006 B1
7066781 Weston Jun 2006 B2
D524298 Hedderich et al. Jul 2006 S
7081033 Mawle et al. Jul 2006 B1
7081051 Himoto et al. Jul 2006 B2
7086645 Hardie Aug 2006 B2
7090582 Danieli et al. Aug 2006 B2
7094147 Nakata Aug 2006 B2
7098891 Pryor Aug 2006 B1
7098894 Yang Aug 2006 B2
7102615 Marks Sep 2006 B2
7102616 Sleator Sep 2006 B1
7107168 Oystol Sep 2006 B2
D531228 Ashida et al. Oct 2006 S
7115032 Cantu et al. Oct 2006 B2
7117009 Wong et al. Oct 2006 B2
7118482 Ishihara et al. Oct 2006 B2
7126584 Nishiumi et al. Oct 2006 B1
7127370 Kelly Oct 2006 B2
D531585 Weitgasser et al. Nov 2006 S
7133026 Horie et al. Nov 2006 B2
7136674 Yoshie et al. Nov 2006 B2
7136826 Alsafadi Nov 2006 B2
7137899 Hiei Nov 2006 B2
7139983 Kelts Nov 2006 B2
7140962 Okuda et al. Nov 2006 B2
7142191 Idesawa et al. Nov 2006 B2
7145551 Bathiche Dec 2006 B1
7149627 Ockerse Dec 2006 B2
7154475 Crew Dec 2006 B2
7155604 Kawai Dec 2006 B2
7158116 Poltorak Jan 2007 B2
7158118 Liberty Jan 2007 B2
7160196 Thirkettle et al. Jan 2007 B2
7168089 Nguyen et al. Jan 2007 B2
7173604 Marvit Feb 2007 B2
7176919 Drebin Feb 2007 B2
7180414 Nyfelt Feb 2007 B2
7180503 Burr Feb 2007 B2
7182691 Schena Feb 2007 B1
7183480 Nishitani et al. Feb 2007 B2
7184059 Fouladi Feb 2007 B1
D543246 Ashida et al. May 2007 S
7220220 Stubbs et al. May 2007 B2
7223173 Masuyama et al. May 2007 B2
7225101 Usuda et al. May 2007 B2
7231063 Naimark Jun 2007 B2
7233316 Smith et al. Jun 2007 B2
7236156 Liberty et al. Jun 2007 B2
7239301 Liberty et al. Jul 2007 B2
7252572 Wright et al. Aug 2007 B2
7261690 Teller et al. Aug 2007 B2
7262760 Liberty Aug 2007 B2
RE39818 Slifer Sep 2007 E
7288028 Rodriguez et al. Oct 2007 B2
D556201 Ashida et al. Nov 2007 S
7291014 Chung et al. Nov 2007 B2
7292151 Ferguson et al. Nov 2007 B2
7297059 Vancura et al. Nov 2007 B2
7301527 Marvit Nov 2007 B2
7301648 Foxlin Nov 2007 B2
D556760 Ashida et al. Dec 2007 S
7307617 Wilson et al. Dec 2007 B2
D559847 Ashida et al. Jan 2008 S
D561178 Azuma Feb 2008 S
7331857 MacIver Feb 2008 B2
7335134 LaVelle Feb 2008 B1
D563948 d-Hoore Mar 2008 S
7337965 Thirkettle et al. Mar 2008 B2
7339105 Eitaki Mar 2008 B2
7345670 Armstrong Mar 2008 B2
D567243 Ashida et al. Apr 2008 S
7359121 French et al. Apr 2008 B2
7359451 McKnight Apr 2008 B2
7361073 Martin Apr 2008 B2
RE40324 Crawford May 2008 E
7371177 Ellis et al. May 2008 B2
7379566 Hildreth May 2008 B2
7387559 Sanchez-Castro et al. Jun 2008 B2
7395181 Foxlin Jul 2008 B2
7398151 Burrell et al. Jul 2008 B1
7408453 Breed Aug 2008 B2
7414611 Liberty Aug 2008 B2
7419428 Rowe Sep 2008 B2
7424388 Sato Sep 2008 B2
7428499 Philyaw Sep 2008 B1
7435179 Ford Oct 2008 B1
7441151 Whitten et al. Oct 2008 B2
7442108 Ganz Oct 2008 B2
7445550 Barney et al. Nov 2008 B2
7465212 Ganz Dec 2008 B2
7488231 Weston Feb 2009 B2
7488254 Himoto Feb 2009 B2
7489299 Liberty et al. Feb 2009 B2
7492268 Ferguson et al. Feb 2009 B2
7492367 Mahajan et al. Feb 2009 B2
7500917 Barney et al. Mar 2009 B2
7502759 Hannigan et al. Mar 2009 B2
7519537 Rosenberg Apr 2009 B2
7524246 Briggs et al. Apr 2009 B2
7535456 Liberty et al. May 2009 B2
7536156 Tischer May 2009 B2
7556563 Ellis et al. Jul 2009 B2
7564426 Poor Jul 2009 B2
7568289 Burlingham et al. Aug 2009 B2
7572191 Weston et al. Aug 2009 B2
7582016 Suzuki Sep 2009 B2
7596466 Ohta Sep 2009 B2
7614958 Weston et al. Nov 2009 B2
7623115 Marks Nov 2009 B2
7627139 Marks Dec 2009 B2
7627451 Vock et al. Dec 2009 B2
7645178 Trotto et al. Jan 2010 B1
7662015 Hui Feb 2010 B2
7663509 Shen Feb 2010 B2
7674184 Briggs et al. Mar 2010 B2
7704135 Harrison Apr 2010 B2
7704146 Ellis Apr 2010 B2
7727090 Gant Jun 2010 B2
7749089 Briggs et al. Jul 2010 B1
7774155 Sato et al. Aug 2010 B2
7775882 Kawamura et al. Aug 2010 B2
7775884 McCauley Aug 2010 B1
7789741 Fields Sep 2010 B1
7796116 Salsman et al. Sep 2010 B2
7828295 Matsumoto et al. Nov 2010 B2
7850527 Barney et al. Dec 2010 B2
7878905 Weston et al. Feb 2011 B2
7883420 Bradbury Feb 2011 B2
7896742 Barney et al. Mar 2011 B2
7927216 Ikeda Apr 2011 B2
7942745 Ikeda May 2011 B2
7989971 Lemieux Aug 2011 B2
8021239 Weston et al. Sep 2011 B2
8025573 Stenton et al. Sep 2011 B2
8033901 Wood Oct 2011 B2
8089458 Barney et al. Jan 2012 B2
8164567 Barney et al. Apr 2012 B1
8169406 Barney et al. May 2012 B2
8184097 Barney et al. May 2012 B1
8206223 Marans et al. Jun 2012 B2
8226493 Briggs et al. Jul 2012 B2
8248367 Barney et al. Aug 2012 B1
8287372 Hong et al. Oct 2012 B2
8287373 Marks et al. Oct 2012 B2
8330284 Weston et al. Dec 2012 B2
8342929 Briggs et al. Jan 2013 B2
8368648 Barney et al. Feb 2013 B2
8373659 Barney et al. Feb 2013 B2
8384668 Barney et al. Feb 2013 B2
8439757 Hornsby et al. May 2013 B2
8469766 Zheng Jun 2013 B2
8475275 Weston et al. Jul 2013 B2
8491389 Weston et al. Jul 2013 B2
8491489 Weston et al. Jul 2013 B2
8531050 Barney et al. Sep 2013 B2
8535153 Bradbury et al. Sep 2013 B2
8602857 Morichau-Beauchant et al. Dec 2013 B2
8608535 Weston et al. Dec 2013 B2
8686579 Barney et al. Apr 2014 B2
20010010514 Ishino Aug 2001 A1
20010015123 Nishitani et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010018361 Acres Aug 2001 A1
20010024973 Meredith Sep 2001 A1
20010031662 Larian Oct 2001 A1
20010034257 Weston et al. Oct 2001 A1
20010039206 Peppel Nov 2001 A1
20010040591 Abbott et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010049302 Hagiwara et al. Dec 2001 A1
20010054082 Rudolph et al. Dec 2001 A1
20020005787 Gabai et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020008622 Weston et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020024500 Howard Feb 2002 A1
20020024675 Foxlin Feb 2002 A1
20020028071 Molgaard Mar 2002 A1
20020028710 Ishihara et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020032067 Barney Mar 2002 A1
20020036617 Pryor Mar 2002 A1
20020038267 Can et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020052238 Muroi May 2002 A1
20020058459 Holt May 2002 A1
20020068500 Gabai et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020072418 Masuyama Jun 2002 A1
20020075335 Relimoto Jun 2002 A1
20020090985 Tochner et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020090992 Legge et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020098887 Himoto et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020103026 Himoto et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020107069 Ishino Aug 2002 A1
20020107591 Gabai et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020116615 Nguyen et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020118147 Solomon Aug 2002 A1
20020123377 Shulman Sep 2002 A1
20020126026 Lee et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020128056 Kato Sep 2002 A1
20020137427 Peters Sep 2002 A1
20020137567 Cheng Sep 2002 A1
20020140745 Ellenby Oct 2002 A1
20020158751 Bormaster Oct 2002 A1
20020158843 Levine Oct 2002 A1
20020183961 French et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020193047 Weston Dec 2002 A1
20220193047 Weston Dec 2002
20030013513 Rowe Jan 2003 A1
20030022736 Cass Jan 2003 A1
20030027634 Matthews, III Feb 2003 A1
20030036425 Kaminkow et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030037075 Hannigan et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030038778 Noguera Feb 2003 A1
20030040347 Roach et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030052860 Park et al. Mar 2003 A1
20030057808 Lee et al. Mar 2003 A1
20030060286 Walker et al. Mar 2003 A1
20030063068 Anton Apr 2003 A1
20030064812 Rappaport et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030069077 Korienek Apr 2003 A1
20030073505 Tracy Apr 2003 A1
20030095101 Jou May 2003 A1
20030096652 Siegel et al. May 2003 A1
20030106455 Weston Jun 2003 A1
20030107178 Weston Jun 2003 A1
20030107551 Dunker Jun 2003 A1
20030114233 Hiei Jun 2003 A1
20030134679 Siegel et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030144047 Sprogis Jul 2003 A1
20030144056 Leifer et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030166416 Ogata Sep 2003 A1
20030171145 Rowe Sep 2003 A1
20030171190 Rice Sep 2003 A1
20030190967 Henry Oct 2003 A1
20030193572 Wilson et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030195037 Vuong et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030195041 McCauley Oct 2003 A1
20030195046 Bartsch Oct 2003 A1
20030204361 Townsend Oct 2003 A1
20030214259 Dowling et al. Nov 2003 A9
20030216176 Shimizu Nov 2003 A1
20030222851 Lai Dec 2003 A1
20030234914 Solomon Dec 2003 A1
20040028258 Naimark Feb 2004 A1
20040033833 Briggs et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040034289 Teller et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040043806 Kirby et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040048666 Bagley Mar 2004 A1
20040063480 Wang Apr 2004 A1
20040070564 Dawson Apr 2004 A1
20040075650 Paul Apr 2004 A1
20040077423 Weston et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040081313 McKnight et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040092311 Weston et al. May 2004 A1
20040095317 Zhang May 2004 A1
20040102247 Smoot et al. May 2004 A1
20040119693 Kaemmler Jun 2004 A1
20040121834 Libby et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040134341 Sandoz Jul 2004 A1
20040140954 Faeth Jul 2004 A1
20040143413 Oystol Jul 2004 A1
20040147317 Ito et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040152499 Lind et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040152515 Wegmuller et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040174287 Deak Sep 2004 A1
20040193413 Wilson Sep 2004 A1
20040198158 Driscoll et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040198517 Briggs Oct 2004 A1
20040203638 Chan Oct 2004 A1
20040204240 Barney Oct 2004 A1
20040207597 Marks Oct 2004 A1
20040214642 Beck Oct 2004 A1
20040218104 Smith Nov 2004 A1
20040222969 Buchenrieder Nov 2004 A1
20040227725 Calarco Nov 2004 A1
20040229693 Lind Nov 2004 A1
20040229696 Beck Nov 2004 A1
20040236453 Szoboszlay Nov 2004 A1
20040239626 Noguera Dec 2004 A1
20040252109 Trent et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040254020 Dragusin Dec 2004 A1
20040259651 Storek Dec 2004 A1
20040268393 Hunleth Dec 2004 A1
20050017454 Endo et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050020369 Davis Jan 2005 A1
20050032582 Mahajan et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050047621 Cranfill Mar 2005 A1
20050054457 Eyestone Mar 2005 A1
20050059488 Larsen et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050059503 Briggs et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050060586 Burger Mar 2005 A1
20050076161 Albanna Apr 2005 A1
20050085298 Woolston Apr 2005 A1
20050116020 Smolucha et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050125826 Hunleth Jun 2005 A1
20050127868 Calhoon et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050130739 Argentar Jun 2005 A1
20050134555 Liao Jun 2005 A1
20050138851 Ingraselino Jun 2005 A1
20050143173 Barney et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050156883 Wilson et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050162389 Obermeyer Jul 2005 A1
20050164601 McEachen Jul 2005 A1
20050170889 Lum et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050172734 Alsio Aug 2005 A1
20050174324 Liberty Aug 2005 A1
20050176485 Ueshima Aug 2005 A1
20050179644 Alsio Aug 2005 A1
20050202866 Luciano et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050210418 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050210419 Kela Sep 2005 A1
20050212749 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212750 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212751 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212752 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212753 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212754 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212755 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212756 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212757 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212758 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212759 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212760 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050212764 Toba Sep 2005 A1
20050212767 Marvit Sep 2005 A1
20050215295 Arneson Sep 2005 A1
20050215322 Himoto et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050217525 McClure Oct 2005 A1
20050227579 Yamaguchi et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050233808 Himoto et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050239548 Ueshima et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050243061 Liberty Nov 2005 A1
20050243062 Liberty Nov 2005 A1
20050253806 Liberty Nov 2005 A1
20050256675 Kurata Nov 2005 A1
20050266907 Weston et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050277465 Whitten et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050278741 Robarts Dec 2005 A1
20060007115 Furuhashi Jan 2006 A1
20060028446 Liberty Feb 2006 A1
20060030385 Barney et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060040720 Harrison Feb 2006 A1
20060046849 Kovacs Mar 2006 A1
20060092133 Touma May 2006 A1
20060094502 Katayama et al. May 2006 A1
20060122474 Teller et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060123146 Wu et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060148563 Yang Jul 2006 A1
20060152487 Grunnet-Jepsen Jul 2006 A1
20060152488 Salsman Jul 2006 A1
20060152489 Sweetser Jul 2006 A1
20060154726 Weston et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060178212 Penzias Aug 2006 A1
20060205507 Ho Sep 2006 A1
20060229134 Briggs et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060231794 Sakaguchi et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060234601 Weston Oct 2006 A1
20060246403 Monpouet et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060252475 Zalewski Nov 2006 A1
20060252477 Zalewski et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060256081 Zalewski Nov 2006 A1
20060258452 Hsu Nov 2006 A1
20060258471 Briggs et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060264258 Zalewski et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060264260 Zalewski Nov 2006 A1
20060267935 Corson Nov 2006 A1
20060273907 Heiman Dec 2006 A1
20060282873 Zalewski Dec 2006 A1
20060284842 Poltorak Dec 2006 A1
20060287030 Briggs et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060287084 Mao et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060287085 Mao Dec 2006 A1
20060287086 Zalewski Dec 2006 A1
20060287087 Zalewski Dec 2006 A1
20070015588 Matsumoto et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070021208 Mao et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070049374 Ikeda et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070050597 Ikeda et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070052177 Ikeda et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070060391 Ikeda et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070066394 Ikeda et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070066396 Weston et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070072680 Ikeda et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070082720 Bradbury et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070087837 Bradbury et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070087838 Bradbury et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070087839 Bradbury et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070091084 Ueshima et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070093170 Zheng Apr 2007 A1
20070093291 Hulvey Apr 2007 A1
20070093293 Osnato Apr 2007 A1
20070100696 Illingworth May 2007 A1
20070159362 Shen Jul 2007 A1
20070173705 Teller et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070249425 Weston et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070252815 Kuo Nov 2007 A1
20070257884 Taira Nov 2007 A1
20070265075 Zalewski Nov 2007 A1
20070265076 Lin Nov 2007 A1
20070265088 Nakada et al. Nov 2007 A1
20080014835 Weston et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080015017 Ashida et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080039202 Sawano et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080119270 Ohta May 2008 A1
20080121782 Hotelling et al. May 2008 A1
20080174550 Laurila Jul 2008 A1
20080183678 Weston Jul 2008 A1
20080273011 Lin Nov 2008 A1
20080278445 Sweester Nov 2008 A1
20090009294 Kupstas Jan 2009 A1
20090033621 Quinn Feb 2009 A1
20090051653 Barney et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090124165 Weston May 2009 A1
20090156309 Weston et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090203446 Bradbury et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090215534 Wilson et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090273560 Kalanithi et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090305799 Weston et al. Dec 2009 A1
20090326851 Tanenhaus Dec 2009 A1
20100056285 Weston et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100105475 Mikhailov Apr 2010 A1
20100144436 Marks et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100203932 Briggs et al. Aug 2010 A1
20100273556 Briggs et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100289744 Cohen Nov 2010 A1
20110081969 Ikeda Apr 2011 A1
20110081970 Barney et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110177853 Ueshima Jul 2011 A1
20110190052 Takeda Aug 2011 A1
20110300941 Weston et al. Dec 2011 A1
20120004031 Barney et al. Jan 2012 A1
20120034980 Weston et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120094759 Barney et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120122575 Barney et al. May 2012 A1
20120190452 Weston et al. Jul 2012 A1
20120208638 Barney et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120258802 Weston et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120270657 Barney et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120295710 Barney et al. Nov 2012 A1
20120309528 Barney et al. Dec 2012 A1
20130079141 Barney et al. Mar 2013 A1
20130116020 Barney et al. May 2013 A1
20130116048 Briggs et al. May 2013 A1
20130116051 Barney et al. May 2013 A1
20130150155 Barney et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130165228 Barney et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130196727 Barney et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130217453 Briggs et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130303276 Weston et al. Nov 2013 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (155)
Number Date Country
1032246 Apr 1989 CN
1338961 Mar 2002 CN
1559644 Jan 2005 CN
3930581 Mar 1991 DE
19701374 Jul 1997 DE
19632273 Feb 1998 DE
19648487 Jun 1998 DE
19814254 Oct 1998 DE
19937307 Feb 2000 DE
10029173 Jan 2002 DE
10219198 Nov 2003 DE
0264782 Apr 1988 EP
0570999 Dec 1988 EP
0322825 Jul 1989 EP
0 546 844 Jun 1993 EP
0695565 Feb 1996 EP
0835676 Apr 1998 EP
0848226 Jun 1998 EP
0852961 Jul 1998 EP
1062994 Dec 2000 EP
1279425 Jan 2003 EP
1293237 Mar 2003 EP
0993845 Dec 2005 EP
2547093 Dec 1984 FR
2244546 Dec 1991 GB
2310481 Aug 1997 GB
2325558 Nov 1998 GB
2388418 Nov 2003 GB
62-14527 Jan 1987 JP
63-186687 Aug 1988 JP
03-210622 Sep 1991 JP
06-154422 Jun 1994 JP
06-190144 Jul 1994 JP
06-198075 Jul 1994 JP
H0677387 Oct 1994 JP
06-308879 Nov 1994 JP
07-028591 Jan 1995 JP
07-107573 Apr 1995 JP
07-115690 May 1995 JP
07-146123 Jun 1995 JP
07-200142 Aug 1995 JP
07-262797 Oct 1995 JP
07-302148 Nov 1995 JP
07-318332 Dec 1995 JP
08-095704 Apr 1996 JP
08-106352 Apr 1996 JP
08-111144 Apr 1996 JP
08-114415 May 1996 JP
08-122070 May 1996 JP
08-152959 Jun 1996 JP
08-191953 Jul 1996 JP
08-211993 Aug 1996 JP
08-221187 Aug 1996 JP
08-305355 Nov 1996 JP
08-335136 Dec 1996 JP
09-149915 Jun 1997 JP
09-164273 Jun 1997 JP
09-34456 Jul 1997 JP
09-225137 Sep 1997 JP
09-230997 Sep 1997 JP
09-237087 Sep 1997 JP
09-274534 Oct 1997 JP
09-319510 Dec 1997 JP
10 021000 Jan 1998 JP
10-033831 Feb 1998 JP
10-043349 Feb 1998 JP
10-099542 Apr 1998 JP
10-154038 Jun 1998 JP
10-235019 Sep 1998 JP
10-254614 Sep 1998 JP
11-053994 Feb 1999 JP
11-099284 Apr 1999 JP
11-114223 Apr 1999 JP
2000-033184 Feb 2000 JP
2000-176150 Jun 2000 JP
2000-208756 Jul 2000 JP
2000-270237 Sep 2000 JP
2000-300839 Oct 2000 JP
2000-308756 Nov 2000 JP
2000-325653 Nov 2000 JP
2001-038052 Feb 2001 JP
2001-058484 Mar 2001 JP
2001-104643 Apr 2001 JP
U20009165 Apr 2001 JP
2001-175412 Jun 2001 JP
2001-251324 Sep 2001 JP
2001-265521 Sep 2001 JP
2001-306245 Nov 2001 JP
2002-007057 Jan 2002 JP
2002-062981 Feb 2002 JP
2002-78969 Mar 2002 JP
2002-082751 Mar 2002 JP
2002-091692 Mar 2002 JP
2002-126375 May 2002 JP
2002-136694 May 2002 JP
2002-153673 May 2002 JP
2002-202843 Jul 2002 JP
2002-224444 Aug 2002 JP
2002-233665 Aug 2002 JP
2002-298145 Oct 2002 JP
2003-053038 Feb 2003 JP
2003-140823 May 2003 JP
2003-208263 Jul 2003 JP
2003 236246 Aug 2003 JP
2003-325974 Nov 2003 JP
2004-062774 Feb 2004 JP
2004-313429 Nov 2004 JP
2004-313492 Nov 2004 JP
2005-040493 Feb 2005 JP
2005-063230 Mar 2005 JP
2006-113019 Apr 2006 JP
2006-136694 Jun 2006 JP
2006-216569 Aug 2006 JP
2007-083024 Apr 2007 JP
9300171 Aug 1994 NL
2077358 Apr 1997 RU
2125853 Feb 1999 RU
2126161 Feb 1999 RU
WO 9007961 Jul 1990 WO
WO 9402931 Mar 1994 WO
WO 9511730 May 1995 WO
WO 9605766 Feb 1996 WO
WO 9614115 May 1996 WO
WO 9614121 May 1996 WO
WO 9709101 Mar 1997 WO
WO 9712337 Apr 1997 WO
WO 9717598 May 1997 WO
WO 9720305 Jun 1997 WO
WO 9728864 Aug 1997 WO
WO 9732641 Sep 1997 WO
WO 9811528 Mar 1998 WO
WO 9836400 Aug 1998 WO
WO 9958214 Nov 1999 WO
WO 0033168 Jun 2000 WO
WO 0035345 Jun 2000 WO
WO 0061251 Oct 2000 WO
WO 0063874 Oct 2000 WO
WO 0067863 Nov 2000 WO
WO 0187426 Nov 2001 WO
WO 0191042 Nov 2001 WO
WO 0217054 Feb 2002 WO
WO 0234345 May 2002 WO
WO 0247013 Jun 2002 WO
WO 03015005 Feb 2003 WO
WO 03043709 May 2003 WO
WO 03044743 May 2003 WO
WO 03088147 Oct 2003 WO
WO 03107260 Dec 2003 WO
WO 2004039055 May 2004 WO
WO 2004051391 Jun 2004 WO
WO 2004087271 Oct 2004 WO
WO 2006039339 Apr 2006 WO
WO 2006101880 Sep 2006 WO
WO 2007058996 May 2007 WO
WO 2007120880 Oct 2007 WO
Non-Patent Literature Citations (418)
Entry
“At-home fishing”, http:www.virtualpet.com/vp/media/fishing/homef.jpg (accessed on Jan. 14, 2010).
“Coleco Vision: Super Action™ Controller Set,” www.vintagecomputing.com/wp-content/images/retroscan/ coleco—sac—1—large.jpg., Sep. 2006.
“Controllers—Atari Space Age Joystic,” AtariAge: Have You Played Atari Today? www.atariage.com/controller—page.html?SystemID=2600& ControllerID-12., Sep. 1, 2006.
“Controllers—Booster Grip,” AtariAge: Have You Played Atari Today? www.atariage.com/controller—page.html?SystemID=2600& ControllerID=18., Sep. 1, 2006.
“Electronic Plastic: Bandai—Power Fishing” “Power Fishing Company: Bandai,” 1 page, http://www.handhelden.com/Bandai/ PowerFishing.html., 1984 (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
“Game Controller” Wikipedia, Jan. 5, 2005.
“Get Bass,” Videogame by Sega, The International Arcade Museum and the KLOV (accessed at http://www.arcade-museum.com/game—detail.php?game—id=7933 on Jul. 29, 2011).
“Glove-based input interfaces” Cyberglove/Cyberforce, http://www.angelfire.com/ca7/mellott124/glove1.htm (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
“Harry Potter Magic Spell Challenge,” Tiger Electronics, 2001.
“Imp Coexists With Your Mouse,” Byte, p. 255 (Jan. 1994).
“Kirby Tilt ‘n’ Tumble 2” http://www.unseen64.net/2008/04/08/koro-koro-kirby-2-kirby-tilt-n-tumble-2-gc-unreleased/, Apr. 8, 2008 (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
“MEMS enable smart golf clubs,” Small Times, Jan. 6, 2005, accessed at http://dpwsa.electroiq.com/index/display/semiconductors-article-display/269788/articles/small-times/consumer/2005/01/mems-enable-smart-golf-clubs.html on Jul. 29, 2011.
“Miacomet and Interact Announce Agreement to Launch Line of Reel Feel™ Sport Controllers”, PR Newswire (May 13, 1999), accessed at http://www.thefreelibrary.com/—print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=54621351 on Sep. 7, 2011.
“The N.I.C.E. Project,” YouTube video uploaded by evltube on Nov. 20, 2007 (accessed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihGXa21qLms on Sep. 8, 2011; digital video available upon request).
“212 Series of Decoders” HT12D/HT12F by Holtek—Product Specification (Nov. 2002).
“212” Series Encoders HT12A/HT12E by Holtek—Product Specification (Apr. 2000).
“ASCII Entertainment releases the Grip,” ASCII Entertainment Software—Press News—Coming Soon Magazine, May 1997 (electronic version accessed at http://www.csoon.com/issue25/p—ascii4.htm on Sep. 6, 2011).
“Enchanted Spell-Casting Sorcerers Wand” by Ken Holt as featured on www.inventionconnection.com online advertisement (Dec. 2002).
“Interview with Pat Goschy, the “Real” Nintendo Wii Inventor,” YouTube video uploaded by agbulls on Jan. 14, 2008 (accessed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKtZysYGDLE on Feb. 11, 2011; digital video available upon request).
“Micro Tilt Switch” D6B by Omron® Product Specification, Jan. 2007.
“Nintendo Wii Controller Invented by Americans: Midway Velocity Controller Technology Brief,” You Tube Video presentation dated Jun. 28, 2000; uploaded by drjohniefever on Sep. 8, 2007 (accessed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjLhSrSxFNw on Jun. 30, 2010; digital video available upon request).
“Ollivanders: Makers of Fine Wands.” Dec. 2, 2002. [online] [retrieved on Mar. 30, 2005], Retrieved from Internet (URL:http//www.cim.mcgill.edu/!jer/courses/hci/assignments/2002/www.ece.mcgill.ca/%7Eeuryd).
“Serial-in Parallel-out Shift Register” SN54/74LS164 by Motorola—Product Specification, Fifth Edition, 1992.
“Sony PS2 Motion Controller 5 years ago (2004),” YouTube Video uploaded by r1oot on Jul. 8, 2009 (accessed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbSzmRt7HhQ&feature=related on Sep. 6, 2011; digital video available upon request).
“The Big Ideas Behind Nintendo's Wii,” Business Week, Nov. 16, 2006 (accessed at http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/nov2006/tc20061116—750580.htm on Aug. 31, 2011).
“The Magic Labs Conjure Wands” as featured on www.magic-lab.com Product Specification Dec. 2002.
“Tilt Switch” by Fuji & Co. as featured on www.fuji-piezo.com online advertisement May 2001.
“Toy Wand Manufacturer Selects MEMSIC Sensor: Magic Labs cuts costs with MEMSIC sensor” Press Release by MEMSIC, Inc. as featured on www.memsic.com May 2002.
“Wii Mailbag,” IGN.com, Jan. 26, 2006 (accessed at http://uk.wii.ign.com/mail/2006-01-26.html on Aug. 31, 2011).
Acar, et al., “Experimental evaluation and comparative analysis of commercial variable-capacitance MEMS accelerometers,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 13 (1), pp. 634-645, May 2003.
Achenbach, “Golf's New Measuring Stick,” Golfweek, 1 page., Jun. 11, 2005.
Act Labs, Miacomet Background, Jan. 27, 2001, http://web.archive.org/web/200101271753/http://www.act-labs.com/ realfeel—background.htm, (accessed on Sep. 7, 2011).
Agard, “Advances in Strapdown Inertial Systems,” Agard Lecture Series No. 133, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Neuilly-Sur-Seine (France) (1984).
AirPad Controller Manual, (AirPad Corp. 2000).
Airpad Motion Reflex Controller for Sony Playstation—Physical Product, (AirPad Corp. 2000).
Algrain, “Estimation of 3-D Angular Motion Using Gyroscopes and Linear Accelerometers,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 910-920 (Nov. 1991).
Algrain, et al., “Accelerometer Based Line-of-Sight Stabilization Approach for Pointing and Tracking System,” Second IEEE Conference on Control Applications, Sep. 13-16, 1993 Vancouver, B.C.., pp. 159-163 (1993).
Algrain, et al., “Interlaced Kalman Filtering of 3-D Angular Motion Based on Euler's Nonlinear Equations,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 30, No. 1 (Jan. 1994).
Allen, et al., “A General Method for Comparing the Expected Performance of Tracing and Motion Capture Systems,” {VRST} '05: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Nov. 7-9, 2005 Monterey, California (2005).
Allen, et al., “Tracking: Beyond 15 Minutes of Thought,” SIGGRAPH 2001 Course 11 (2001).
Analog Devices “ADXL202E Low-Cost .+−.2 g Dual-Axis Accelerometer with Duty Cycle Output” Data Sheet, Rev. A (2000).
Analog Devices “ADXL330 Small, Low Power, 3-Axis ±2 g iMEMS Accelerometer” Data Sheet, Rev. PrA (2005).
Analog Devices “ADXL50 Monolithic Accelerometer with Signal Conditioning” Data Sheet (1996).
Analog Devices “ADXL50 Single Axis Accelerometer” Data Sheet, Rev. B (1996), available at http://www.analog.com/en/obsolete/adxl50/products/product.html.
Analog Devices “ADXRS150±150° /s Single Chip Yaw Rate Gyro with Signal Conditioning” Data Sheet, Rev. B (2004).
Analog Devices “ADXRS401 ±75° /s Single Chip Yaw Rate Gyro with Signal Conditioning” Data Sheet, Rev. O (2004).
Analog Devices “MicroConverter®, Multichannel 12-Bit ADC with Embedded Flash MCU, ADuC812” Data Sheet (2003), available at http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data—sheets/ADUC812.pdf.
Analog Devices, “ADXL150/ADXL250, ±5g to ±50g, Low Noise, Low Power, Single/Dual Axis iMEMS® Accelerometers,” Data Sheet, Rev. 0 (1998).
Ang, et al., “Design and Implementation of Active Error Canceling in Hand-held Microsurgical Instrument,” Paper presented at 2001 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (2001).
Ang, et al., “Design of All-Accelerometer Inertial Measurement Unit for Tremor Sensing in Hand-held Microsurgical Instrument,” Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation, Sep. 14-19, 2003, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1781-1786 (2003).
Apostolyuk, Vladislav, “Theory and Design of Micromechanical Vibratory Gyroscopes,” MEMS/NEMS Handbook, Springer, vol. 1, pp. 173-195 (2006).
Ascension Technology, 6D Bird Class B Installation and Operation Guide (2003).
ASCII, picture of one-handed controller, 2 pages, Feb. 6, 2006.
Ator, “Image-Velocity Sensing with Parallel-Slit Reticles,” Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 53, No. 12, pp. 1416-1422 (Dec. 1963).
Azarbayejani, et al, “Real-Time 3-D Tracking of the Human Body,” M.I.T. Media Laboratory Perceptual Computing Section Technical Report No. 374, Appears in Proceedings of Image'Com 96, Bordeaux, France, May 1996.
Azarbayejani, et al., “Visually Controlled Graphics,” M.I.T. Media Laboratory Perceptual Computing Section Technical Report No. 374, Appears in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 602-605 (Jun. 1993).
Azuma et al., “Improving Static and Dynamic Registration in an Optical See-Through HMD,” Paper Presented at SIGGRAPH '94 Annual Conference in Orlando, FL (1994).
Azuma et al., “Making Augmented Reality Work Outdoors Requires Hybrid Tracking,” Proceedings of the International Workshop on Augmented Reality, San Francisco, CA, Nov. 1, 1998.
Azuma, “Predictive Tracking for Augmented Reality,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science (1995).
Azuma, et al., “A Frequency-Domain Analysis of Head-Motion Prediction,” Paper Presented at SIGGRAPH '95 Annual Conference in Los Angeles, CA (1995).
Azuma, et al., “A motion-stabilized outdoor augmented reality system,” Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality '99, Houston, TX, Mar. 13-17, 1999, pp. 252-259.
Bachmann et al., “Inertial and Magnetic Posture Tracking for Inserting Humans into Networked Virtual Environments,” Virtual Reality Software and Technology archive, Paper Presented at ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology in Banff, Alberta, Canada (2001).
Bachmann et al., “Orientation Tracking for Humans and Robots Using Inertial Sensors” Paper Presented at 199 International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics & Automation (CIRA '99) (1999).
Bachmann, “Inertial and Magnetic Angle Tracking of Limb Segments for Inserting Humans into Synthetic Environments,” Dissertation, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA (Dec. 2000).
Baker et al., “Active Multimodal Control of a ‘Floppy’ Telescope Structure,” Proc. SPIE, vol. 4825, pp. 74-81 (2002).
Balakrishnan, “The Rockin' Mouse: Integral 3D Manipulation on a Plane,” Published in Proceedings of 1997 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'97), pp. 311-318, (1997).
Ballagas, et al., “iStuff: A Physical User Interface Toolkit for Ubiquitous Computer Environments,” Paper presented at SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2003).
Baraff, “An Introduction to Physically Based Modeling: Rigid Body Simulation I—Unconstrained Rigid Body Dynamics,” SIGGRAPH 97 Course Notes, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University (1997).
Baudisch, et al., “Soap: a Pointing Device that Works in Mid-air,” Proc. UIST'06, Oct. 15-18, 2006, Montreux, Switzerland (2006).
BBN Report No. 7661, “Virtual Environment Technology for Training (VETT),” The Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Research Consortium (VETREC), pp. III-A-27 to III-A-40 (Mar. 1992).
Behringer, “Improving the Registration Precision by Visual Horizon Silhouette Matching,” Paper presented at First IEEE Workshop on Augmented Reality (1998).
Behringer, “Registration for Outdoor Augmented Reality Applications Using Computer Vision Techniques and Hybrid Sensors,” Paper presented at IEEE Virtual Reality (VR '99) Conference in Houston, TX (1999).
BEI GyrochipTM Model QRS11 Data Sheet, BEI Systron Donner Inertial Division, BEI Technologies, Inc., (Sep. 1998).
Benbasat, “An Inertial Measurement Unit for User Interfaces,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology Masters Thesis, (Sep. 2000).
Benbasat, et al., “An Inertial Measurement Framework for Gesture Recognition and Applications,” Paper Presented at International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction (GW '01), London, UK (2001).
Bhatnagar, “Position trackers for Head Mounted Display systems: A survey” (Technical Report), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Mar. 1993).
Bianchi, “A Tailless Mouse, New cordless Computer Mouse Invented by ArcanaTech,” Inc.com, Jun. 1, 1992 (accessed at http://www.inc.com/magazine/19920601/4115.html on Jun. 17, 2010).
Bishop, “The Self-Tracker: A Smart Optical Sensor on Silicon,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1984), 65 pages.
Bjork, Staffan et al., “Pirates! Using the Physical World as a Game Board,” Reportedly presented as part of INTERACT 2001: 8th TC.13 IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Tokyo Japan (Jul. 9-13, 2001).
Bluffing Your Way in Pokemon, Oct. 14, 2002, 7 pages.
Bona, et al., “Optimum Reset of Ship's Inertial Navigation System,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Abstract only (1965) (accessed at http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0908193 on Jun. 17, 2010).
Borenstein, et al., “Where am I? Sensors and Methods for Mobile Robot Positioning” (1996).
Boser, “3-Axis Accelerometer with Differential Sense Electronics,” Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, available at http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/.about.boser/pdf/3axis.pdf (1997).
Boser, “Accelerometer Design Example: Analog Devices XL-05/5,” Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, available at http://wvvw.eecs.berkeley.edu/.about.boser/pdf/xl05.pdf (1996).
Boulanger et al., “The 1997 Mathews Radio Baton and Improvisation Modes,” Music Synthesis Department, Berklee College of Music (1997).
Bowman, et al., “An Introduction to 3-D User Interface Design,” MIT Presence, vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 96-108 (Feb. 2001).
Briefs, (New & Improved), (Brief Article), PC Magazine, Oct. 26, 1993.
Britton et al., “Making Nested Rotations Convenient for the User,” SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, vol. 12, Issue 3, pp. 222-227 (Aug. 1978).
Britton, “A Methodology for the Ergonomic Design of Interactive Computer Graphic Systems, and its Application to Crystallography” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Dept. of Computer Science (1977).
Brownell, Richard, Review: Peripheral-GameCube-G3 Wireless Controller, gamesarefun.com, Jul. 13, 2003 (accessed at http://www.gamesarefun.com/gamesdb/perireview.php?perireviewid=1 on Jul. 29, 2011).
Buchanan, Levi: “Happy Birthday, Rumble Pak,” IGN.com, Apr. 3, 2008 (accessed at http://retro.ign.com/articles/864/864231p1.html on Jul. 29, 2011).
Business Wire, “Feature/Virtual reality glasses that interface to Sega channel,Time Warner, TCI; project announced concurrent with COMDEX,” Nov. 14, 1994 (accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi—m0EIN/is—1994—Nov—14/ai—15923497/?tag=content;col1 on Jul. 7, 2010).
Business Wire, “Free-space ‘Tilt’ Game Controller for Sony Playstation Uses Scenix Chip; SX Series IC Processes Spatial Data in Real Time for On-Screen,” Dec. 6, 1999 (accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi—m0EIN/is—1999—Dec—6/ai—58042965/?tag=content;col1 on Jul. 7, 2010)).
Business Wire, “Logitech Magellan 3D Controller,” Apr. 14, 1997 (accessed at http://www.thefreelibrary.com/—/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=19306114 on Feb. 10, 2011).
Business Wire, “Mind Path Introduces Gyropoint RF Wireless Remote,” Jan. 27, 2000 (accessed at http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/operations-office/6381880-1.html on Jun. 17, 2010).
Business Wire, “Pegasus' Wireless PenCell Writes On Thin Air with ART's Handwriting Recognition Solutions,” Business Editors/High Tech Writers Telecom Israel 2000 Hall 29, Booth 19-20, Nov. 7, 2000 (accessed at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-66658008.html on Jun. 17, 2010).
Business Wire, “RPI ships low-cost pro HMD Plus 3D Mouse and VR PC graphics card system for CES,” Jan. 9, 1995 (accessed at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16009561.html on Jun. 17, 2010).
Business Wire, “InterSense Inc. Launches InertiaCube2—The World's Smallest Precision Orientation Sensor with Serial Interface,” Aug. 14, 2001 (accessed at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-77183067.html/print on Sep. 7, 2011.
Buxton et al., “A Study in Two-Handed Input,” Proceedings of CHI '86, pp. 321-326 (1986) (accessed at http://www.billbuxton.com/2hands.html on Jul. 29, 2011).
Buxton, Bill, “Human input/output devices,” In M. Katz (ed.), Technology Forecast: 1995, Menlo Park, CA: Price Waterhouse World Firm Technology Center, pp. 49-65 (1994).
Buxton, Bill, A Directory of Sources for Input Technologies (last updated Apr. 19, 2001), http://web.archive.org/web/20010604004849/http://www.billbuxton.com/InputSources.html (accessed on Sep. 8, 2011).
Canaday, “R67-26 The Lincoln Wand,” IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, vol. EC-16, No. 2, p. 240 (Apr. 1967) (downloaded from IEEE Xplore on Jul. 7, 2010).
Caruso et al., “A New Perspective on Magnetic Field Sensing,” Sensors Magazine, Dec. 1, 1998 (accessed at http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/electric-magnetic/a-new-perspective-magnetic-field-sensing-855 on Jun. 17, 2010).
Caruso et al., “Vehicle Detection and Compass Applications using AMR Magnetic Sensors”, Paper presented at 1999 Sensors Expo in Baltimore, Maryland (May 1999), available at http://masters.donntu.edu.ua/2007/kita/gerus/library/amr.pdf.
Caruso, “Application of Magnetoresistive Sensors in Navigation Systems,” Sensors and Actuators, SAE SP-1220, pp. 15-21 (Feb. 1997); text of article accessed at http://www.ssec.honeywell.com/position-sensors/datasheets/sae.pdf.
Caruso, “Applications of Magnetic Sensors for Low Cost Compass Systems,” Honeywell, SSEC, Paper presented at IEEE 2000 Position Location and Navigation Symposium (2000), accessed at http://www.ssec.honeywell.com/magnetic/datasheets/lowcost.pdf.
Chatfield, “Fundamentals of High Accuracy Inertial Navigation,” vol. 174 Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. (1997).
Cheng, “Direct interaction with Large-Scale Display Systems using Infrared Laser Tracking Devices,” Paper presented at Australasian Symposium on Information Visualisation, Adelaide, Australia (2003).
Cheok, et al., “Micro-Accelerometer Based Hardware Interfaces for Wearable Computer Mixed Reality Applications,” 6th International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC'02), 8 pages.
Cho et al., “Magic Wand: A Hand-Drawn Gesture Input Device in 3-D Space with Inertial Sensors,” Proceedings of the 9th Intl Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR-9 2004), IEEE (2004).
Clark, James H. , “Three Dimensional Man Machine Interaction,” Siggraph '76, Jul. 14-16 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1 page.
CNET News.com, “Nintendo Wii Swings Into Action,” May 25, 2006 (accessed at http://news.cnet.com/2300-1043—3-6070295-4.html on Aug. 5, 2011).
Complainants' Petition for Review, dated Sep. 17, 2012.
Complainants' Response to Commission's Request for Statements on the Public Interest, dated Oct. 10, 2012.
Complainants' Response to Respondents' Petition for Review, dated Sep. 25, 2012.
Cooke, et al., “NPSNET: Flight simulation dynamic modeling using quaternions,” Presence, vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 404-420, (Jan. 25, 1994).
Crecente, Brian, “Motion Gaming Gains Momentum,” kotaku.com, Sep. 17, 2010 (accessed at http://kotaku.com/5640867/motion-gaming-gains-momentum on Aug. 31, 2011).
CSIDC Winners—“Tablet-PC Classroom System Wins Design Competition,” IEEE Computer Society Press, vol. 36, Issue 8, pp. 15-18, IEEE Computer Society, Aug. 2003.
Cutrone, “Hot products: Gyration GyroPoint Desk, GyroPoint Pro gyroscope-controlled wired and wireless mice,” Results from the Comdex Show Floor, Computer Reseller News, Dec. 4, 1995 (accessed from LexisNexis research database on Feb. 17, 2011; see pp. 8 and 9 of reference submitted herewith).
Deering, Michael F. , “HoloSketch A Virtual Reality Sketching Animation Tool,” ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Sep. 1995; vol. 2, No. 3; pp. 220-238.
Deruyck, et al., “An Electromagnetic Position Sensor,” Polhemus Navigation Sciences, Inc., Burlington, VT (Nov. 1973) (Abstract from DTIC Online).
Dichtburn, “Camera in Direct3D” Toymaker (Feb. 6, 2005), http://web.archive.org/web/20050206032104/http:/toymaker.info/games/html/camera.html (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
Donelson, et al., “Spatial Management of Information”, Proceedings of 1978 ACM SIGGRAPH Conference in Atlanta, Georgia, pp. 203-209 (1978).
Drzymala, Robert E., et al., “A Feasibility Study Using a Stereo-Optical Camera System to Verify Gamma Knife Treatment Specification,” Proceedings of 22nd Annual EMBS International Conference, Jul. 2000; pp. 1486-1489.
Durlach, et al., “Virtual Reality: Scientific and Technological Challenges,” National Academy Press (1995).
Emura, et al., “Sensor Fusion based Measurement of Human Head Motion,” 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (1994).
Ewalt, David M., “Nintendo's Wii is a Revolution,” Review, Forbes.com, Nov. 13, 2006 (accessed at http://www.forbes.com/2006/11/13/wii-review-ps3-tech-media-cx—de—1113wii.html on Jul. 29, 2011).
Exintaris, et al., “Ollivander's Magic Wands : HCI Development,” available at http://www.cim.mcgill.ca/˜jer/courses/hci/project/2002/www.ece.mcgill.ca/%257Eeurydice/hci/notebook/final/MagicWand.pdf (2002).
Expert Report of Branimir R. Vojcic, Ph.D. on Behalf of Complainants Creative Kingdoms, LLC and New Kingdoms, LLC, dated Nov. 17, 2011.
Expert Report of Kenneth Holt on Behalf of Respondents Nintendo of America, Inc. and Nintendo Co., Ltd., dated Nov. 3, 2011.
Expert Report of Nathaniel Polish, Ph.D. on Behalf of Respondents Nintendo of America, Inc. and Nintendo Co., Ltd., dated Nov. 3, 2011.
Ferrin, “Survey of Helmet Tracking Technologies,” Proc. SPIE vol. 1456, p. 86-94 (Apr. 1991).
Fielder, Lauren “E3 2001: Nintendo unleashes GameCube software, a new Miyamoto game, and more,” GameSpot, May 16, 2001 (accessed at http://www.gamespot.com/news/2761390/e3-2001-nintendo-unleashes-gamecube-software-a-new-miyamoto-game-and-more?tag=gallery—summary%3Bstory on Jul. 29, 2011).
U.S. Appl. No. 09/520,148, filed Mar. 7, 2000 by Miriam Mawle.
Foremski, T., “Remote Control Mouse Aims at Interactive TV” Electronics Weekly, Mar. 9, 1994.
Foxlin et al., “An Inertial Head-Orientation Tracker with Automatic Drift Compensation for Use with HMD's,” Proceedings of the 1994 Virtual Reality Software and Technology Conference, Aug. 23-26, 1994, Singapore, pp. 159-173 (1994).
Foxlin et al., “Miniature 6-DOF Inertial System for Tracking HMDs,” SPIE vol. 3362, Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays III, AeroSense 98, Orlando, FL, Apr. 13-14, 1998.
Foxlin et al., “WearTrack: A Self-Referenced Head and Hand Tracker for Wearable Computers and Portable VR,” Proceedings of International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC 2000), Oct. 16-18, 2000, Atlanta, GA (2000).
Foxlin et al., “FlightTracker: A Novel Optical/Inertial Tracker for Cockpit Enhanced Vision, Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality,” Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2004), Nov. 2-5, 2004, Washington, D.C. (2004).
Foxlin, “Head-tracking Relative to a Moving Vehicle or Simulator Platform Using Differential Inertial Sensors,” Proceedings of Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays V, SPIE vol. 4021, AeroSense Symposium, Orlando, FL, Apr. 24-25, 2000.
Foxlin, “Inertial Head Tracker Sensor Fusion by a Complementary Separate-bias Kalman Filter,” Proceedings of the IEEE 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, pp. 185-194, 267 (1996).
Foxlin, “Generalized architecture for simultaneous localization, auto-calibration, and map-building,” IEEE/RSJ Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2002), Oct. 2-4, 2002, Lausanne, Switzerland (2002).
Foxlin, “Motion Tracking Requirements and Technologies,” Chapter 7, from Handbook of Virtual Environment Technology, Kay Stanney, Ed., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (2002) (extended draft version available for download at http://www.intersense.com/pages/44/119/).
Foxlin, “Pedestrian Tracking with Shoe-Mounted Inertial Sensors,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 38-46, (2005).
Foxlin, et al., “Constellation™: A Wide-Range Wireless Motion-Tracking System for Augmented Reality and Virtual Set Applications,” ACM SIGGRAPH 98, Orlando, Florida, Jul. 19-24, 1998.
Foxlin, et al., “Miniaturization, Calibration & Accuracy Evaluation of a Hybrid Self-Tracker,” IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2003), Oct. 7-10, 2003, Tokyo, Japan (2003).
Foxlin, et al., “VIS-Tracker: A Wearable Vision-Inertial Self-Tracker,” IEEE VR2003, Mar. 22-26, 2003, Los Angeles, CA (2003).
Frankle, “E3 2002: Roll O Rama,” Roll-o-Rama GameCube Preview at IGN, May 23, 2002 (accessed at http://cube.ign.com/articles/360/360662p1.html on Sep. 7, 2011).
Friedmann, et al., “Device Synchronization Using an Optimal Linear Filter,” SI3D '92: Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, pp. 57-62 (1992).
Friedmann, et al., “Synchronization in virtual realities,” M.I.T. Media Lab Vision and Modeling Group Technical Report No. 157, Jan. 1991 To appear in Presence, vol. 1, No. 1, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1991).
FrontSide Field Test, “Get This!” Golf Magazine, Jun. 2005, p. 36.
Fuchs, Eric, “Inertial Head-Tracking,” MS Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (Sep. 1993).
Furniss, Maureen, “Motion Capture,” posted at http://web.mit.edu/m-i-t/articles/index—furniss.html on Dec. 19, 1999; paper presented at the Media in Transition Conference at MIT on Oct. 8, 1999 (accessed on Sep. 8, 2011).
gamecubicle.com News Article, Nintendo WaveBird Controller, http://www.gamecubicle.com/news-Nintendo—gamecube—wavebird—controller.htm, May 14, 2002 (accessed on Aug. 5, 2011).
Geen et al., “New iMEMS® Angular-Rate-Sensing Gyroscope,” Analog Dialogue 37-03, pp. 1-3 (2003).
Gelmis, J., “Ready to Play, The Future Way,” Buffalo News, Jul. 23, 1996 (accessed from LexisNexis research database on Sep. 6, 2011).
Green, Jonathan, et al., “Camping in the Digital Wilderness: Tents and Flashlights As Interfaces to Virtual Worlds,” Chi 2002, Apr. 2002, pp. 780-781.
Grimm, et al., “Real-Time Hybrid Pose Estimation from Vision and Inertial Data,” Proceedings of the First Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV'04), IEEE Computer Society (2004).
Gyration Ultra Cordless Optical Mouse, Setting Up Ultra Mouse, Gyration Quick Start Card part No. DL-00071-0001 Rev. A. Gyration, Inc., Jun. 2003.
Gyration Ultra Cordless Optical Mouse, User Manual, Gyration, Inc., Saratoga, CA (2003).
Gyration, “Gyration MicroGyro 100 Developer Kit Data Sheet,” http://web.archive.org/web/19980708122611/www.gyration.com/html/devkit.ht- ml (Jul. 1998).
Gyration, Inc., GyroRemote GP240-01 Professional Series (2003).
Harada et al., “Portable Absolute Orientation Estimation Device with Wireless Network Under Accelerated Situation” Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation, New Orleans, LA, Apr. 2004, pp. 1412-1417(2004).
Harada et al., “Portable orientation estimation device based on accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscope sensors for sensor network,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI 2003), pp. 191-196, (2003).
Haykin, et al., “Adaptive Tracking of Linear Time-Variant Systems by Extended RLS Algorithms, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,” vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 1118-1128 (May 1997).
Heath, “Virtual Reality Resource Guide AI Expert,” v9 n5 p. 32(14) (May 1994) (accessed at http://ftp.hitl.washington.edu/scivw-ftp/commercial/VR-Resource-Guide.txt on Jun. 17, 2010).
HiBall-3100—“Wide-Area, High-Precision Tracker and 3D Digitizer,” www.3rdtech.com/HiBall.htm (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
Hinckley, “Synchronous Gestures for Multiple Persons and Computers,” Paper presented at ACM UIST 2003 Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology in Vancouver, BC, Canada (Nov. 2003).
Hinckley, et al., “A Survey of Design Issues in Spatial Input,” Paper presented at 7th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (1994).
Hinckley, et al., “Sensing Techniques for Mobile Interaction,” Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (ACM UIST), San Diego, CA, (2000).
Hinckley, et al., “The VideoMouse: A Camera-Based Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Input Device” ACM UIST'99 Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology, CHI Letters vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 103-112 (1999).
Hinckley, Ken “Haptic Issues for Virtual Manipulation,” Ph.D. Dissertation University of Virginia, Dept. of Computer Science (1997).
Hind, Nicholas, “Cosmos: A composition for Live Electronic Instruments Controlled by the Radio Baton and Computer Keyboard (Radio Baton and Magic Glove),” A Final Project Submitted to the Department of Music of Stanford University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor Musical Arts/UMI Microform 9837187, Jan. 1998.
Hogue, Andrew, “MARVIN: A Mobile Automatic Realtime visual and Inertial tracking system,” Master's Thesis, York University (2003), available at http://www.cse.yorku.ca/˜hogue/marvin.pdf.
Holden, Maureen K. et al., “Use of Virtual Environments in Motor Learning and Rehabilitation,” Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications, Chap. 49, pp. 999-1026, Stanney (ed), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (2002).
Holloway, Richard Lee, “Registration Errors in Augmented Reality Systems,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Dept. of Computer Science (1995).
IGN Article—Mad Catz Rumble Rod Controller, Aug. 20, 1999.
Immersion CyberGlove product, Immersion Corporation, http://www.cyberglovesystem.com (2001).
Immersion, “Immersion Ships New Wireless CyberGlove(R) II Hand Motion-Capture Glove; Animators, Designers, and Researchers Gain Enhanced Efficiency and Realism for Animation, Digital Prototyping and Virtual Reality Projects,” Business Wire, Dec. 7, 2005 (available at http://ir.immersion.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=181278).
Initial Determination on Violation of Section 337 and Recommended Determination on Rememdy and Bond, dated Aug. 31, 2012.
Interfax Press Release, “Tsinghua Tongfang Releases Unique Peripheral Hardware for 3D Gaming,” 2002, 1 page.
Intersense, “InterSense InertiaCube2 Manual for Serial Port Model” (2001).
Intersense, “IS-900 Product Technology Brief,” http://www.intersense.com/uploadedFiles/Products/White—Papers/IS900—Tech—Overview—Enhanced.pdf (1999).
Intersense, “InterSense Inc., The New Standard in Motion Tracking,” Mar. 27, 2004, http://web.archive,org!web12004040500550Z/http://intersense.com (accessed on May 19, 2009).
Intersense, “InterSense Mobile Mixed Reality Demonstration,” YouTube Video dated Oct. 2006 on opening screen; uploaded by InterSenseInc. on Mar. 14, 2008 (accessed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daVdzGK0nUE&feature=channel—page on Sep. 8, 2011; digital video available upon request).
Intersense, “IS-900 Precision Motion Trackers,” Jun. 14, 2002, http://web.archive.org/web/20020614110352/http://www.isense.com/products/prec/is900/ (accessed on Sep. 8, 2011).
Intersense, Inc., “Comparison of Intersense IS-900 System and Optical Systems,” Whitepaper, Jul. 12, 2004., available at http://www.jazdtech.com/techdirect/research/InterSense-Inc.htm?contentSetId=60032939&supplierId=60018705.
Jacob, “Human-Computer Interaction—Input Devices,” ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 177-179 (Mar. 1996); link to text of article provided at http://www.cs.tufts.edu/˜jacob/papers/.
Jakubowski, et al., “Increasing Effectiveness of Human Hand Tremor Separation Process by Using Higher-Order Statistics,” Measurement Science Review, vol. 1, No. 1 (2001).
Ji, H. “Study on the Infrared Remote-Control Lamp-Gesture Device,” Yingyong Jiguang/Applied Laser Technology, v. 17, n. 5, p. 225-227, Language: Chinese-Abstract only, Oct. 1997.
Jiang, “Capacitive position-sensing interface for micromachined inertial sensors,” Dissertation at Univ. of Cal. Berkeley, 2003.
Ju, et al., “The Challenges of Designing a User Interface for Consumer Interactive Television Consumer Electronics Digest of Technical Papers.,” IEEE 1994 International Conference on Volume , Issue , Jun. 21-23, 1994 pp. 114-115 (Jun. 1994) (downloaded from IEEE Xplore on Jul. 13, 2010).
Keir et al., “Gesture-recognition with Nonreferenced Tracking,” IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, pp. 151-158, Mar. 25-26, 2006.
Kennedy, P.J. “Hand-held Data Input Device,” IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 5826-5827, Apr. 1984.
Kessler, et al., “The Simple Virtual Environment Library: an Extensible Framework for Building VE Applications,” Presence, MIT Press (2000).
Kindratenko, “A Comparison of the Accuracy of an Electromagnetic and a Hybrid Ultrasound-Inertia Position Tracking System,” MIT Presence, vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 657-663, Dec. 2001.
Klein et al., “Tightly Integrated Sensor Fusion for Robust Visual Tracking,” British Machine Vision Computing, vol. 22, No. 10, pp. 769-776, 2004.
Kohlhase, “NASA Report, The Voyager Neptune travel guide,” Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publication 89-24, (Jun. 1989).
Kosak, Dave, “Mind-Numbing New Interface Technologies,” Gamespy.com, Feb. 1, 2005 (accessed at http://www.gamespy.com/articles/584/584744p1.html on Aug. 31, 2011).
Krumm et al., “How a Smart Environment can Use Perception,” Paper presented at UBICOMP 2001 Workshop on Perception for Ubiquitous Computing (2001).
Kuipers, Jack B., “SPASYN—An Electromagnetic Relative Position and Orientation Tracking System,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 462-466 (Dec. 1980).
Kunz, Andreas M. et al., “Design and Construction of a New Haptic Interface,” Proceedings of DETC '00, ASME 2000 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, Sep. 10-13, 2000.
La Scala, et al., “Design of an Extended Kalman Filter Frequency Tracker,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 44, No. 3 (Mar. 1996).
Laser Tag: General info: History of Laser Tag, http://lasertag.org/general/history.html (accessed on Mar. 13, 2008; historical dates start on Mar. 1984).
Laser Tag: Lazer Tag Branded Gear; last update Sep. 26, 2006, http://home.comcast.net/˜ferret1963/Lazer—Tag—Brand.HTML (accessed on Mar. 13, 2008; historical dates start in 1986).
Laughlin et al., “Inertial Angular Rate Sensors: Theory and Applications,” Sensors Magazine Oct. 1992.
Lee et al, “Tilta-Pointer: the Free-Space Pointing Device,” Princeton COS 436 Project (Fall 2004); retrieved from Google's cache of http://www.milyehuang.com/cos436/project/specs.html on May 27, 2011.
Lee et al., “Innovative Estimation Method with Measurement Likelihood for all-Accelerometer Type Inertial Navigation System,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 38, No. 1, Jan. 2002.
Lee et al., “Two-Dimensional Position Detection System with MEMS Accelerometer for Mouse Applications,” Design Automation Conference, 2001, Proceedings, 2001 pp. 852-857, Jun. 2001.
Leganchuk et al., “Manual and Cognitive Benefits of Two-Handed Input: An Experimental Study,” ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 326-259, Dec. 1998.
Liang, et al., “On Temporal-Spatial Realism in the Virtual Reality Environment,” ACM 1991 Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Nov. 1991).
Link, “Field-Qualified Silicon Accelerometers from 1 Milli g to 200,000 g,” Sensors, Mar. 1993.
Liu, et al., “Enhanced Fisher Linear Discriminant Models for Face Recognition,” Paper presented at 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'98), Queensland, Australia (Aug. 1998).
Lobo et al., “Vision and Inertial Sensor Cooperation Using Gravity as a Vertical Reference,” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 1597-1608, Dec. 2003.
Logitech, “Logitech Tracker—Virtual Reality Motion Tracker,” downloaded from http://www.vrealities.com/logitech.html on Jun. 18, 2010.
Logitech, Inc. “3D Mouse & Head Tracker Technical Reference Manual,” 1992.
Logitech's WingMan Cordless RumblePad Sets PC Gamers Free, Press Release, Sep. 2, 2001 (accessed at http://www.logitech.com/en-us/172/1373 on Aug. 5, 2011).
Louderback, J. “Nintendo Wii”, Reviews by PC Magazine, Nov. 13, 2006 (accessed at http://www.pcmag.com/article/print/193909 on Sep. 8, 2011).
Luethi, P. et al., “Low Cost Inertial Navigation System” (2000); downloaded from http://www.electronic-engineering.ch/study/ins/ins.html on Jun. 18, 2010.
Luinge, “Inertial sensing of human movement,” Thesis, University of Twente, Twente University Press, 2002.
Luinge, et al., “Estimation of orientation with gyroscopes and accelerometers,” Proceedings of the First Joint BMES/EMBS Conference, 1999., vol. 2, p. 844 (Oct. 1999).
Mackenzie et al., “A two-ball mouse affords three degrees of freedom,” Extended Abstracts of the CHI '97 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 303-304. New York: ACM (1997).
Mackinlay, “Rapid Controlled Movement Through a Virtual 3D Workspace,” ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics archive, vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 171-176 (Aug. 1990).
Maclean, “Designing with Haptic Feedback”, Paper presented at IEEE Robotics and Automation (ICRA '2000) Conference in San Francisco, CA, Apr. 22-28, 2000.
Maggioni, C., “A novel gestural input device for virtual reality,” IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (Cat. No. 93CH3336-5), 118-24, 1993.
Marks, Richard (Jan. 21, 2004) (Windows Media v7). EyeToy: A New Interface for Interactive Entertainment, Stanford University (accessed at http://lang.stanford.edu/courses/ee380/2003-2004/040121-ee380-100.wmv on Sep. 7, 2011; digital video available upon request).
Marrin, “Possibilities for the Digital Baton as a General Purpose Gestural Interface,” Late-Breaking/Short Talks, Paper presented at CHI 97 Conference in Atlanta Georgia, Mar. 22-27, 1997 (accessed at http://www.sigchi.org/chi97/proceedings/short-talk/tm.htm on Aug. 5, 2011).
Marrin, Teresa et al., “The Digital Baton: A Versatile Performance Instrument,” Paper presented at International Computer Music Conference, Thessaloniki, Greece (1997) (text of paper available at http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx?c=icmc;idno=bbp2372.1997.083).
Marrin, Teresa, “Toward an Understanding of Musical Gesture: Mapping Expressive Intention with the Digital Baton,” Masters Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts and Sciences (1996).
Marti et al., “Biopsy navigator: a smart haptic interface for interventional radiological gestures” Proceedings of the Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS 2003) Conference, International Congress Series, vol. 1256, pp. 788-793 (2003) (text of paper available at http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/29966/files/CARS03-GM.pdf).
Masliah, “Measuring the Allocation of Control in 6 Degree of Freedom Docking Experiment,” Paper presented at SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, The Hague, Netherlands (2000).
Maybeck, “Stochastic Models, Estimation and Control,” vol. 1, Chapter 1, Introduction (1979).
Merians, et al., “Virtual Reality-Augmented Rehabilitation for Patients Following Stroke,” Physical Therapy, vol. 82, No. 9, Sep. 2002.
Merrill, “FlexiGesture: A sensor-rich real-time adaptive gesture and affordance learning platform for electronic music control,” Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun. 2004.
Meyer et al., “A Survey of Position Tracker,” MIT Presence, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 173-200, (1992).
Miller, Paul, “Exclusive shots of Goschy's prototype ‘Wiimote’ controllers,” Engadget, Jan. 15, 2008 (accessed at http://www.engadget.com/2008/01/15/exclusive-shots-of-goschys-prototype-wiimote-controllers/ on Aug. 31, 2011).
Miller, Ross, “Joystiq interview: Patrick Goschy talks about Midway, tells us he ‘made the Wii’,” Joystiq.com, Jan. 16, 2008 (accessed at http://www.joystiq.com/2008/01/16/joystiq-interview-patrick-goschy-talks-about-midway-tells-us-h/ on Aug. 31, 2011).
Mizell, “Using Gravity to Estimate Accelerometer Orientation,” Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC '03), IEEE Computer Society (2003).
Morgan, C., “Still chained to the overhead projector instead of the podium,” (TV Interactive Corp's LaserMouse Remote Pro infrared mouse) (clipboard) (brief article) (product announcement) Government Computer News, Jun. 13, 1994.
Morris, “Accelerometry—a technique for the measurement of human body movements,” J Biomechanics vol. 6, pp. 729-736 (1973).
Moser, “Low Budget Inertial Navigation Platform (2000),” www.tmoser.ch/typo3/11.0.html (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
Mulder, “Human movement tracking technology,” Technical Report, NSERC Hand Centered Studies of Human Movement project, available through anonymous ftp in fas.sfu.ca:/pub/cs/graphics/vmi/HMTT.pub.ps.Z., Burnab, B.C, Canada: Simon Fraser University (Jul. 1994).
Myers et al., “Interacting at a Distance: Measuring the Performance of Laser Pointers and Other Devices,” CHI 2002, Apr. 2002.
Naimark et al., “Circular Data Matrix Fiducial System and Robust Image Processing for a Wearable Vision-Inertial Self-Tracker,” IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2002), Darmstadt, Germany (2002).
Naimark, et al., “Encoded LED System for Optical Trackers,” Paper presented at Fourth IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2005), Oct. 5-8, 2005, Vienna Austria (2005) (electronic version of text of paper available for download at http://www.intersense.com/pages/44/129/).
Navarrete, et al., “Eigenspace-based Recognition of Faces: Comparisons and a new Approach,” Paper Presented at 11th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (2001).
News Article, “New Game Controllers Using Analog Devices' G-Force Tilt to be Featured at E3”, Norwood, MA (May 10, 1999) (accessed at http://www.thefreelibrary.com/—/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=54592268 on Jun. 17, 2010).
Nintendo N64 Controller Pak Instruction Booklet, 1997.
Nintendo, Game Boy Advance SP System Instruction Booklet (2003).
Nintendo, Nintendo Game Boy Advance System Instruction Booklet (2001-2003).
Nintendo, Nintendo Game Boy Advance Wireless Adapter, Sep. 26, 2003.
Nishiyama, “A Nonlinear Filter for Estimating a Sinusoidal Signal and its Parameters in White Noise: On the Case of a Single Sinusoid,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 970-981 (Apr. 1997).
Nishiyama, “Robust Estimation of a Single Complex Sinusoid in White Noise-H∞ Filtering Approach,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 47, No. 10, pp. 2853-2856 (Oct. 1999).
Odell, “An Optical Pointer for Infrared Remote Controllers,” (1995) (downloaded from IEEE Xplore on Jul. 7, 2010).
Ojeda, et al., “No GPS? No Problem!” University of Michigan Develops Award-Winning Personal Dead-Reckoning (PDR) System for Walking Users, available at http://www.engin.umich.edu/research/mrl/urpr/In—Press/P135.pdf, (2004 or later).
Omelyan, “On the numerical integration of motion for rigid polyatomics: The modified quaternion approach” Computers in Physics, vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 97-103 (1998).
Ovaska, “Angular Acceleration Measurement: A Review,” Paper presented at IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, St. Paul, MN, May 18-21, 1998.
Pai, et al., “The Tango: A Tangible Tangoreceptive Whole-Hand Interface,” Paper presented at Joint Eurohaptics and IEEE Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, Pisa, Italy, Mar. 18-20, 2005.
Pajama Sam: No Need To Hide When It's Dark Outside Infogames, Sep. 6, 2002.
Paley, W. Bradford, “Interaction in 3D Graphics,” SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Newsletter, col. 32, No. 4 (Nov. 1998) (accessed at http://www.siggraph.org/publications/newsletter/v32n4/contributions/paley.html on Aug. 2, 2011).
Paradiso, et al., “Interactive Therapy with Instrumented Footwear,” CHI 2004, Apr. 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria.
Paradiso, et al., “Musical Applications of Electric Field Sensing”, available at http://pubs.media.mit.edu/pubs/papers/96—04—cmj.pdf (1996).
Paradiso, Joseph A., “The Brain Opera Technology: New Instruments and Gestural Sensors for Musical Interaction and Performance” (Nov. 1998) (available at http://pubs.media.mit.edu/pubs/papers/98—3—JNMR—Brain—Opera.pdf).
Park, Adaptive control strategies for MEMS gyroscopes (Dissertation), Univ. Cal. Berkley (Dec. 2000).
PC World, “The 20 Most Innovative Products of the Year,” Dec. 27, 2006 (accessed at http://www.pcworld.com/printable/article/id,128176/printable.html on Aug. 2, 2011).
PCTracker, Technical Overview, available at http://www.est-kl.com/fileadmin/media/pdf/InterSense/PCTracker—Tech—Overview.pdf (date unknown).
Perry, Simon, “Nintendo to Launch Wireless Game Boy Adaptor,” Digital Lifestyles, http://digital-lifestyles.info/2003/09/26/Nintendo-to-launch-wireless-game-boy-adaptor/, Sep. 26, 2003 (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
Petition of the Office of Unfair Import Investigations for Review-in-Part of the Final Initial Determination, dated Sep. 17, 2012.
Phillips, “Forward/Up Directional Incompatibilities During Cursor Placement Within Graphical User Interfaces,” Ergonomics, vol. 48, No. 6, May 15, 2005.
Phillips, “LPC2104/2105/2106, Single-chip 32-bit microcontrollers; 128 kB ISP/IAP Flash with 64 kB/32 kB/16 kB RAM,” 32 pages, Dec. 22, 2004.
Phillips, “Techwatch: On the Right Track: A unique optical tracking system gives users greater freedom to explore virtual worlds,” Computer Graphics World, vol. 23, Issue 4 (Apr. 2000).
Pierce et al., “Image Plane Interaction Techniques in 3D Immersive Environments,” Paper presented at 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, Providence, RI (1997).
Pilcher, “AirMouse Remote Controls,” IEEE Conference on Consumer Electronics (1992).
Pique, “Semantics of Interactive Rotations,” Interactive 3D Graphics, Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics, pp. 259-269 (Oct. 1986).
Piyabongkarn, “The Development of a MEMS Gyroscope For Absolute Angle Measurement,” Dissertation, Univ. Minnesota, Nov. 2004 (Abstract only).
Polhemus, “Polhemus 3Space Fastrak devices” (image) (2001).
PowerGlove product Program Guide, Mattel, 1989 (Text of Program Guide provided from http://hiwaay.net/˜lkseitz/cvtg/power—glove.shtml; the text was typed in by Lee K. Sietz; document created Aug. 25, 1988; accessed on Aug. 2, 2011).
PR Newswire, “Five New Retailers to Carry Gyration's Gyropoint Point and Gyropoint Pro,” Jul. 8, 1996 (accessed at http://www.thefreelibrary.com/—/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=54592268 on Jun. 18, 2010).
PR Newswire, “Three-Axis MEMS-based Accelerometer From STMicroelectronics Targets Handheld Terminals,” Feb. 18, 2003 (accessed at http://www.thefreelibrary.com/—/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=54592268 on Aug. 3, 2011).
Pre-Hearing Statement of Complainants Creative Kingdoms, LLC and New Kingdoms, LLC, dated Jan. 13, 2012.
Pryor et al., “A Reusable Software Architecture for Manual Controller Integration,” IEEE Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Univ of Texas, pp. 3583-3588 (Apr. 1997).
Raab, et al., “Magnetic Position and Orientation Tracking System,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-15, No. 5, pp. 709-718 (Sep. 1979).
Radica Legends of the Lake™ Instruction Manual (2003).
Regan, “Smart Golf Clubs,” baltimoresun.com, Jun. 17, 2005.
Rekimoto, “Tilting Operations for Small Screen Interfaces,” Tech Note presented at 9th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'96) (1996) (available for download at http://www.sonycsl.co.jp/person/rekimoto/papers/uist96.pdf.
Resnick, Mitchel et al., “Digital Manipulatives: New Toys to Think With,” Chi 98; Apr. 1998; pp. 281-287.
Respondents Nintendo Co., Ltd. and Nintendo of America Inc.'s Contingent Petition for Review of Initial Determination, dated Sep. 17, 2012.
Respondents Nintendo Co., Ltd. and Nintendo of America Inc.'s Objections and Supplemental Responses to Complainants Creative Kingdoms, LLC and New Kingdoms, LLC's Interrogatory Nos. 35, 44, 47, 53, and 78, dated Oct. 13, 2011.
Respondents Nintendo Co., Ltd. and Nintendo of America Inc.'s Response to Complainants' and Staff's Petitions for Review, dated Sep. 25, 2012.
Response of the Office of Unfair Import Investigations to the Petitions for Review, dated Sep. 25, 2012.
Response to Office Action dated Sep. 18, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/404,844.
Reunert, “Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes: Principles and Applications,” Sensors, Aug. 1993, pp. 37-38.
Ribo, et al., “Hybrid Tracking for Outdoor Augmented Reality Applications,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 54-63, Nov./Dec. 2002.
Riviere, et al., “Adaptive Canceling of Physiological Tremor for Improved Precision in Microsurgery,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 45, No. 7, pp. 839-846 (Jul. 1998).
Roberts, “The Lincoln Wand,” 1966 Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference (1966), available for electronic download at http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/AFIPS.1966.105.
Robinett et al., “Implementation of Flying, Scaling, and Grabbing in Virtual Worlds,” ACM Symposium (1992).
Robinett et al., “The Visual Display Transformation for Virtual Reality,” University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1994).
Roetenberg, “Inertial and magnetic sensing of human motion,” Thesis, University of Twente (2006).
Roetenberg, et al., “Inertial And Magnetic Sensing Of Human Movement Near Ferromagnetic Materials,” Paper presented at Second IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, Mar. 2003 (available at http://www.xsens.com/images/stories/PDF/Inertial%20and%20magnetic%20sensing%20of%20human%20movement%20near%20ferromagnetic%20materials.pdf.
Rolland, et al., “A Survey of Tracking Technology for Virtual Environments,” University of Central Florida, Center for Research and Education in Optics Lasers (CREOL) (2001 ).
Romer, Kay et al., Smart Playing Cards: A Ubiquitous Computing Game, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Dec. 2002, vol. 6, Issue 5-6, pp. 371-377, London, England.
Rothman, Wilson, “Unearthed: Nintendo's Pre-Wiimote Prototype,” gizmodo.com, Aug. 29, 2007 (accessed at http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/exclusive/unearthed-nintendo-2001-prototype-motion+sensing-one+handed-controller-by-gyration-294642.php on Aug. 31, 2011).
Rothman, Wilson, “Wii-mote Prototype Designer Speaks Out, Shares Sketchbook,” Gizmodo.com, Aug. 30, 2007 (accessed at http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/exclusive/wii+mote-prototype-designer-speaks-out-shares-sketchbook-295276.php on Aug. 31, 2011).
Sakai, et al., “Optical Spatial Filter Sensor for Ground Speed,” Optical Review, vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 65-67 (1995).
Santiago, “Extended Kalman filtering applied to a full accelerometer strapdown inertial measurement unit,” M.S. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. Of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Santiago (1992).
Satterfield, Shane, “E3 2002: Nintendo announces new GameCube games,” GameSpot, http://www.gamespot.com/gamecube/action/rollorama/news/2866974/e3-2002-nintendo-announces-new-gamecube-games, May 21, 2002 (accessed on Aug. 11, 2011).
Sawada, et al., “A Wearable Attitude-Measurement System Using a Fiberoptic Gyroscope,” MIT Presence, vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 109-118, Apr. 2002.
Saxena, et al., “In Use Parameter Estimation of Inertial Sensors by Detecting Multilevel Quasi-Static States,” Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 595-601 (2005).
Sayed, “A Framework for State-Space Estimation with Uncertain Models,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 46, No. 7, Jul. 2001.
Schofield, Jack et al., Games reviews, “Coming up for airpad,” The Guardian (Feb. 3, 2000) (accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2000/feb/03/online supplement5/print on Jun. 18, 2010).
Sega/Sports Sciences, Inc., “Batter Up, It's a Hit,” Instruction Manual, Optional Equipment Manual (1994).
Sega/Sports Sciences, Inc., “Batter Up, It's a Hit,” Photos of baseball bat (1994).
Selectech Airmouse, “Mighty Mouse”, Electronics Today International, p. 11 (Sep. 1990).
Shoemake, Ken, “Quaternions,” available online at http://campar.in.tum.de/twiki/pub/Chair/DwarfTutorial/quatut.pdf (date unknown).
Skiens, Mike, “Nintendo Announces Wireless GBA Link”, Bloomberg, Sep. 25, 2003 (accessed at http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/9011).
Smartswing, “SmartSwing: Intelligent Golf Clubs that Build a Better Swing,” http://web.archive.org/web/20040728221951/http://www.smartswinggolf.com/ (accessed on Sep. 8, 2011).
Smartswing, “The SmartSwing Learning System Overview,” Apr. 26, 2004, http://web.archive.org/web/2004426215355/http://www.smartswinggolf.com/tls/index.html (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
Smartswing, “The SmartSwing Learning System: How it Works,” 3 pages, Apr. 26, 2004, http://web.archive.org/web/20040426213631/http://www.smartswinggolf.com/tls/how—it—works.html (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
Smartswing, “The SmartSwing Product Technical Product: Technical Information,” Apr. 26, 2004, http://web.archive.org/web/20040426174854/http://www.smartswinggolf.com/products/technical—info.html (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
Smartswing, Training Aid, Austin, Texas, Apr. 2005.
Sorenson, et al., “The Minnesota Scanner: A Prototype Sensor for Three-Dimensional Tracking of Moving Body Segments,” IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Animation, vol. 5, No. 4 (Aug. 1989).
Specification of the Bluetooth System—Core v1.0b, Dec. 1, 1999.
Star Wars Action Figure with CommTech Chip by Hasbro (1999).
Stars Wars Episode 1 CommTech Reader Instruction Manual (1998).
Stovall, “Basic Inertial Navigation,” NAWCWPNS TM 8128, Navigation and Data Link Section, Systems Integration Branch (Sep. 1997).
Sulic, “Logitech Wingman Cordless Rumblepad Review,” Gear Review at IGN, Jan. 14, 2002 (accessed at http://gear.ign.com/articles/317/317472p1.html on Aug. 1, 2011).
Sutherland, “A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display,” Paper presented at AFIPS '68 Fall Joint Computer Conference, Dec. 9-11, 1968; paper available at www.cise.ufl.edu/˜lok/teaching/dcvef05/papers/sutherland-headmount.pdf.
Sutherland, Ivan E., “Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System,” Proceedings of the AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference, Detroit, Michigan, May 21-23, 1963, pp. 329-346 (source provided is reprinting of text accessed at http://www.guidebookgallery.org/articles/sketchpadamanmachinegraphicalcommunicationsystem on Sep. 8, 2011).
Templeman, James N., “Virtual Locomotion: Walking in Place through Virtual Environments,” Presence, vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 598-617, Dec. 1999.
Timmer, “Modeling Noisy Time Series: Physiological Tremor,” International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, vol. 8, No. 7 (1998).
Timmer, et al, “Pathological Tremors: Deterministic Chaos or Nonlinear Stochastic Oscillators?” Chaos, vol. 10, No. 1 pp. 278-288 (Mar. 2000).
Timmer, et al., “Characteristics of Hand Tremor Time Series,” Biological Cybernetics, vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 75-80 (1993).
Timmer, et al., “Cross-Spectral Analysis of Tremor Time Series,” International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, vol. 10, No. 11 pp. 2595-2610 (2000); text available at http://www.fdmold.uni-freiburg.de/groups/timeseries/tremor/pubs/cs—review.pdf.
Timmer, et al., Cross-Spectral Analysis of Physiological Tremor and Muscle Activity: II Application to Synchronized Electromyogram, Biological Cybernetics, vol. 78 (1998) (obtained from http://arxiv.org/abs/chao-dyn/9805012).
Titterton et al., “Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology,” Peter Peregrinus Ltd., pp. 1-56 and pp. 292-321 (1997).
Toy Designers Use Technology in New Ways as Sector Matures, WSJ.com, Dec. 17, 2001.
Traq 3D, “Healthcare,” http: //www.traq3d.com/Healthcare/Healthcare.aspx (accessed on Jan. 21, 2010).
U.S. Appl. No. 60/214,317, filed Jun. 27, 2000.
U.S. Appl. No. 60/730,659 to Marks et al., filed Oct. 25, 2005.
Ulanoff, Lance, “Nintendo's Wii is the Best Product Ever,” PC Magazine, Jun. 21, 2007 (accessed at http://www.pcmag.com/print—article2/0,1217,a=210070,00.asp?hidPrint=true on Aug. 1, 2011).
UNC Computer Science Department, “News & Notes from Sitterson Hall,” UNC Computer Science, Department Newsletter, Issue 24, Spring 1999 (Apr. 1999) (accessed at http://www.cs.unc.edu/NewsAndNotes/Issue24/ on Jun. 18, 2010).
Urban, “BAA 96-37 Proposer Information,” DARPA/ETO (1996) (accessed at http://www.fbodaily.com/cbd/archive/1996/08(August)/19-Aug-1996/Aso1001.htm on Jul. 27, 2010).
US Dynamics Corp, “Spinning Mass Mechanical Gyroscopes,” Aug. 2006.
US Dynamics Corp, “The Concept of ‘Rate’, (more particularly, angular rate pertaining to rate gyroscopes) (rate gyro explanation),” Aug. 2006.
US Dynamics Corp, “US Dynamics Model 475 Series Rate Gyroscope Technical Brief,” Dec. 2005.
US Dynamics Corp, “US Dynamics Rate Gyroscope Interface Brief (rate gyro IO)” Aug. 2006.
Van Den Bogaard, Thesis, “Using linear filters for real-time smoothing of rotational data in virtual reality application,” dated Aug. 2, 2004, available at http://www.science.uva.nl/research/ias/alumni/m.sc.theses/theses/RobvandenBogaarad.pdf.
Van Laerhoven et al., “Using an Autonomous Cube for Basic Navigation and Input,” Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Multimodal interfaces, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 203-210, Nov. 5-7, 2003.
Van Rheeden, et al., “Noise Effects on Centroid Tracker Aim Point Estimation,” IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 177-185 (Mar. 1988).
Vaz, et al., “An Adaptive Estimation of Periodic Signals Using a Fourier Linear Combiner,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 1-10 (Jan. 1994).
Verplaetse, “Inertial Proprioceptive Devices: Self-Motion Sensing Toys and Tools,” IBM Systems Journal, vol. 35, Nos. 3&4 (Sep. 1996).
Verplaetse, “Inertial-Optical Motion-Estimating Camera for Electronic Cinematography,” Masters Thesis, MIT, Media Arts and Sciences (1997).
Villoria, Gerald, “Hands on Roll-O-Rama Game Cube,” Game Spot, http://www.gamespot.com/gamecube/action/rollorama/news.html?sid=2868421&com—act=convert&om—clk=newsfeatures&tag=newsfeatures;title;1&m, May 29, 2002 (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
Virtual Fishing, Operational Manual, 2 pages, Tiger Electronics, Inc. (1998).
Vorozcovs et al., “The Hedgehog: A Novel Optical Tracking Method for Spatially Immersive Displays,” MIT Presence, vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 108-121, Feb. 2006.
Vti, Mindflux-Vti CyberTouch, http://www.mindflux.com/au/products/vti/cybertouch.html (1996).
Wang, et al., “Tracking a Head-Mounted Display in a Room-Sized Environment with Head-Mounted Cameras,” Paper presented at SPIE 1990 Technical Symposium on Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing (1990).
Ward, et al., “A Demonstrated Optical Tracker With Scalable Work Area for Head-Mounted Display Systems,” Paper presented at 1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics (1992).
Watt, Alan, 3D Computer Graphics, Chapter 1: “Mathematical fundamentals of computer graphics,” 3rd ed. Addison-Wesley, pp. 1-26 (2000).
Welch et al., “Complementary Tracking and Two-Handed Interaction for Remote 3D Medical Consultation with a PDA,” Paper presented at Trends and Issues in Tracking for Virtual Environments Workshop at IEEE Virtual Reality 2007 Conference (2007), available at http://www.cs.unc.edu/˜welch/media/pdf/Welch2007—TwoHanded.pdf.
Welch et al., “Motion Tracking: No Silver Bullet, but a Respectable Arsenal,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 24-38 (2002), available at http://www.cs.unc.edu/˜tracker/media/pdf/cga02—welch—tracking.pdf.
Welch, “Hawkeye Zooms in on Mac Screens with Wireless Infrared Penlight Pointer,” MacWeek, May 3, 1993 (excerpt of article accessed at http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article/print/1G1-13785387 on Jun. 18, 2010).
Welch, et al., “High-Performance Wide-Area Optical Tracking: The HiBall Tracking System,” MIT Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments (Feb. 2001).
Welch, et al., “SCAAT: Incremental Tracking with Incomplete Information,” Paper presented at SIGGRAPH 97 Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (1997), available at http://www.cs.unc.edu/˜welch/media/pdf/scaat.pdf.
Welch, et al., “The HiBall Tracker: High-Performance Wide-Area Tracking for Virtual and Augmented Environments,” Paper presented at 1999 Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology in London, Dec. 20-22, 1999, available at http://www.cs.unc.edu/˜welch/media/pdf/VRST99—HiBall.pdf.
Welch, Hybrid Self-Tracker: An Inertial/Optical Hybrid Three-Dimensional Tracking System, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Department of Computer Science, TR 95-048 (1995).
Widrow, et al., “Fundamental Relations Between the LMS Algorithm and the DFT,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS-34, No. 7 (Jul. 1987).
Wiley, M., “Nintendo Wavebird Review,” Jun. 11, 2002, http://gear.ign.com/articles/361/361933p1.html (accessed on Aug. 1, 2011).
Williams et al., “Implementation and Evaluation of a Haptic Playback System,” vol. 3, No. 3, Haptics-e, 2004.
Williams et al., “The Virtual Haptic Back Project,” presented at the IMAGE 2003 Conference, Scottsdale, Arizona, Jul. 14-18, 2003.
Williams, et al., “Physical Presence: Palettes in Virtual Spaces,” Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, vol. 3639, No. 374-384 (May 1999), available at http://www.fakespacelabs.com/papers/3639—46—LOCAL.pdf.
Wilson “WorldCursor: Pointing in Intelligent Environments with the World Cursor,” http://www.acm.org/uist/archive/adjunct/2003/pdf/demos/d4-wilson.pdf (2003).
Wilson et al., “Demonstration of the Xwand Interface for Intelligent Spaces,” UIST '02 Companion, pp. 37-38 (2002).
Wilson et al., “Gesture Recognition Using the Xwand,” http://www.ri.cmu.edu/pub—files/pub4/wilson—daniel—h—2004—1/wilson—daniel—h—2004—1.pdf (2004).
Wilson et al., “Xwand: UI for Intelligent Spaces,” Paper presented at CHI 2003 Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, Apr. 5-10, 2003, available at http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/awilson/publications/WilsonCHI2003/CHI%202003%20XWand.pdf (2003).
Wilson, “Wireless User Interface Devices for Connected Intelligent Environments,” http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/awilson/publications/old/ubicomp%202003.pdf (2003).
Wired Glove, Wikipedia article, 4 pages, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired—glove, Nov. 18, 2010.
Wormell et al., “Advancements in 3D Interactive Devices for Virtual Environments,” Presented at the Joint International Immersive Projection Technologies (IPT)/Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Environments (EGVE) 2003 Workshop, Zurich, Switzerland, May 22-23, 2003 (available for download at http://www.intersense.com/pages/44/123/) (2003).
Wormell, “Unified Camera, Content and Talent Tracking in Digital Television and Movie Production,” Presented at NAB 2000, Las Vegas, NV, Apr. 8-13, 2000 (available for download at http://www.intersense.com/pages/44/116/) (2003).
Worringham, et al., “Directional Stimulus-Response Compatibility: A Test of Three Alternative Principles,” Ergonomics, vol. 41, Issue 6, pp. 864-880 (Jun. 1998).
Yang et al., “Implementation and Evaluation of ‘Just Follow Me’: An Immersive, VR-Based, Motion-Training System,” MIT Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 11, No. 3, at 304-23 (MIT Press), Jun. 2002.
You, et al., “Hybrid Inertial and Vision Tracking for Augmented Reality Registration,” http://graphics.usc.edu/cgit/pdf/papers/Vr1999.PDF (1999).
You, et al., “Orientation Tracking for Outdoor Augmented Reality Registration,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE, vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 36-42 (Nov. 1999).
Youngblut, et al., “Review of Virtual Environment Interface Technology,” Institute for Defense Analyses (Mar. 1996).
Yun et al., “Recent Developments in Silicon Microaccelerometers,” Sensors, 9(10) University of California at Berkeley, Oct. 1992.
Zhai, “Human Performance in Six Degree of Freedom Input Control,” Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto (1995).
Zhai, “User Performance in Relation to 3D Input Device Design,” Computer Graphics 32(4), pp. 50-54, Nov. 1998; text downloaded from http://www.almaden.ibm.com/u/zhai/papers/siggraph/final.html on Aug. 1, 2011.
Zhou et al., “A survey—Human Movement Tracking and Stroke Rehabilitation,” Technical Report: CSM-420, ISSN 1744-8050, Dept. of Computer Sciences, University of Essex, UK, Dec. 8, 2004.
Zhu et al., “A Real-Time Articulated Human Motion Tracking Using Tri-Axis Inertial/Magnetic Sensors Package,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 12, No. 2, Jun. 2004.
Zowie Playsets, http://www.piernot.com/proj/zowie/ (accessed on Jul. 29, 2011).
“Gatemaster Features”, internet article; http://web.archive.org/web/19970709135000/www.gatemaster.com/gmfeat.htm.
James H. Clark, “Designing Surfaces in 3-D,” Graphics and Image Processing—Communications of the ACM, Aug. 1976; vol. 19; No. 8; pp. 454-460.
Public Version of Commission Opinion from United States International Trade Commission, dated Oct. 28, 2013.
“HyperScan”, release date Oct., 2006. Source http://www.giantbomb.com/hyperscan/3045-1 041.
“Smart Card News Online”, published Oct. 25, 2006, source www.smartcard.co.ukINOLARCH/2006/Oct./251006.html.
“Emerald Forest Toys” [online] [retrieved on Sep. 14, 2005], retrieved from Internet <URL:http://www.pathworks.net/print—eft.html>.
“Gatemaster Features”, internet article; http://web.archive.org/web/19970709135000/www.gatemaster.com/gmfeat.htm, Jul. 9, 1997.
“Owl Magic Wand and Owl Magic Orb” Press Release by Emerald Forest Toys (Nov. 2001).
Badler et al; “Multi-Dimensional Input Techniques and Articulated Figure Positioning by Multiple Constraints”, Interactive 3D Graphics, Oct. 1986; pp. 151-169.
D.W. Kormos et al., “Intraoperative, Real-Time 3-D Digitizer for Neurosurgical Treatment and Planning,” 1993; 1 page.
Digital ID Cards the Next generation of “smart cards” will have more than a one-track mind, Wall Street Journal, Jun. 25, 2001.
Druin et al; Robots: Exploring New Technologies for Learning for Kids; 2000; Chapter One: To Mindstorms and Beyond; 27 pages.
Hunter G. Hoffman, “Physically Touching Virtual Objects Using Tactile Augmentation Enhances the Realism of Virtual Environments,” IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium '98, Atlanta, Georgia, 1998, 5 pages.
International Preliminary Examination Report, International App. No. PCT/US00/09482; dated Apr. 24, 2001; 4 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion, International App. No. PCT/US04/08912; mailed Aug. 26, 2004; 10 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion, International App. No. PCT/US05/34831; mailed Jul. 2, 2008; 11 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion; International Appl. No. PCT/US2006/043915; mailed Mar. 9, 2007; 8 pages.
James H. Clark, “Designing Surfaces in 3-D,” Graphics and Image Processing-Communications of the ACM, Aug. 1976; vol. 19; No. 8; pp. 454-460.
James H. Clark, “Three Dimensional Man Machine Interaction,” Siggraph '76, Jul. 14-16 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1 page.
Michael F. Deering, “HoloSketch a Virtual Reality Sketching Animation Tool,” ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Sep. 1995; vol. 2, No. 3; pp. 220-238.
New Strait Times Press Release, “Microsoft's New Titles,” 1998, 1 page.
Nintendo Tilt Controller AD, Electronic Gaming Monthly, 1994, 1 page.
R. Borovoy et al., “Things that Blink: Computationally Augmented Name Tags,” IBM Systems Journal, vol. 35, Nos. 3 & 4, 1996; pp. 488-495.
Raise High the 3D Roof Beam Business Week Nov. 26, 2001.
Resnick et al; Digital Manipulatives: New Toys to Think With; Apr. 1998; 7 pages.
Richard Borovoy et al., “Groupwear: Nametags That Tell About Relationships,” Chi 98, Apr. 1998, pp. 329-330.
Tech Designers Rethink Toys: Make Them Fun Wall Street Journal, Dec. 17, 2001.
Vanessa Colella et al., “Participatory Simulations: Using Computational Objects to Learn about Dynamic Systems,” Chi 98; Apr. 1998, pp. 9-10.
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20130116048 A1 May 2013 US
Provisional Applications (2)
Number Date Country
60128318 Apr 1999 US
60122137 Feb 1999 US
Continuations (2)
Number Date Country
Parent 12829905 Jul 2010 US
Child 13723717 US
Parent 09545658 Apr 2000 US
Child 12829905 US
Continuation in Parts (1)
Number Date Country
Parent 09514480 Feb 2000 US
Child 09545658 US