Patent Grant
10343540
This application is a U.S. National stage application of International Application No. PCT/JP2014/058094, filed Mar. 24, 2014, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-072239 filed in Japan on Mar. 29, 2013. The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-072239 is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a non-contact power supply system.
Background Information
A power supply system of an electric vehicle that supplies power in a non-contact manner from a power supply device provided on the ground to an electric vehicle, in which an 8-bit (256 value) random number is used, and the power supply is performed with a power value Ptest and a predetermined time Ttest generated based on this random number while avoiding the predetermined power value Ptest and the predetermined time Ttest becoming the same value, to establish communication between a vehicle and a power supply device by determining whether or not the power that is received by a reception unit of a vehicle is the predetermined power value Ptest after the predetermined time Ttest has elapsed, has been disclosed. (See, e.g., International Publication No. 2012-042902).
However, if a non-contact power supply is utilized in order to establish communication between a vehicle and a power supply device, the power value or the supply timing for power cannot be distinguished at a high resolution. However, in the system described above, since the predetermined power value and the predetermined time are set based on a 256-value random number, there is a problem that if a non-contact power supply is utilized, there is a high possibility that an establishment of communication between a vehicle and a power supply device is erroneously recognized.
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-contact power supply system that can establish communication between a vehicle and a power supply device.
The present invention solves the problem by permitting power the transmission from a power transmission coil to a power reception coil with respect to one power supply device among a plurality of the power supply devices and transmitting a permission signal comprising the identification information of one power supply device by means of wireless communication; outputting power from the power transmission coil to the power reception coil when the identification information of a power supply device and the identification information included in a permission signal that is received by a power supply device side communication means match; and determining that a paired communication has been established between one power supply device and a vehicle when the power is detected by a power detection means of the vehicle.
The present invention achieves the effect that communication can be established between a vehicle and power supply device, by not performing excitation for establishing a paired communication with a power supply device that does not have the identification information that is included in a permission signal, while performing excitation with a power supply device that has the identification information included in the permission signal.
Referring now to the attached drawings which form a part of this original disclosure.
Embodiments of the present invention will be explained below based on the drawings.
Non-contact power supply systems are provided to the parking facilities such as the parking spaces of homes and the shared facilities such as the parking space along a highway. A non-contact power supply system comprises a vehicle 2 and a power supply device 1. The power supply device 1 is provided to a parking space for parking a vehicle 2, and is a ground side unit that supplies the power by a non-contact power supply between the coils, when the vehicle 2 is parked in a predetermined parking position. The vehicle 2 is a vehicle 2 that is capable of charging a battery that is provided in the vehicle by an external power source, such as an electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid vehicle.
The configuration of the power supply device 1 and the vehicle 2, which configure the non-contact power supply system, will be described below. In the present embodiment, a description will be given of an electric vehicle as the vehicle 2. In
The power supply device 1 comprises a controller 10, a power transmission coil 11, a sensor 12, a power unit 13, a self-diagnosis circuit 14, a memory 15, a wireless communication unit 16, a display unit 17, and a relay switch 18.
The controller 10 is a main controller for controlling the entire power supply device 1. The configuration of the controller 10 will be described below.
The power transmission coil 11 is a parallel circular shaped coil for supplying the power in a non-contact manner to a power reception coil 21, which is provided on the vehicle 2 side, and is provided in a parking space in which is provided the non-contact power supply device of the present embodiment. The sensor 12 is a sensor for detecting the relative position of the power reception coil 21 with respect to the power transmission coil 11, and is configured by, for example, an image sensor or an infrared sensor of a camera. The detection value of the sensor 12 is outputted to the controller 10.
The power unit 13 is a circuit for converting the AC power that is transmitted from an AC power source 3 to a high frequency AC power and transmitting the same to the power transmission coil 11, comprising a rectifier, a power factor correction circuit (PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit), an inverter, and a sensor for detecting the output value to the power transmission coil 11. The power unit 13 outputs the desired power to the power transmission coil 11 by having a switching element provided to the inverter PWM-controlled by the controller 10.
The self-diagnosis circuit 14 is a circuit for diagnosing abnormalities such as a ground fault of the non-contact power supply system including the wiring from the power unit 13 and the AC power source 3 to the power transmission coil 11, a disconnection in the wiring, a detection failure of the sensor 12, and a ground fault of the contact power supply system. The diagnosis results of the self-diagnosis circuit 14 are outputted to the controller 10.
The memory 15 is a recording medium for recording the identification information (ID) that is provided to each power supply device 1 in advance, and the information that is transmitted from the vehicle 2 side. The wireless communication unit 16 is a transceiver that performs bidirectional communication with a wireless communication unit 26 that is provided on the vehicle 2 side. A frequency that is different from the frequency that is used in vehicle peripherals, such as the intelligence keys, is set as the communication frequency between the wireless communication unit 16 and the wireless communication unit 26 so that the vehicle peripherals are less susceptible to interference by the communication even if the communication is performed between the wireless communication unit 16 and the wireless communication unit 26. For example, various wireless LAN systems are used for the communication between the wireless communication unit 16 and the wireless communication unit 26.
The display unit 17 is a display device for notifying the state of the power supply device 1 to the outside, and is configured from a lamp or a display, etc. The relay switch 18 is provided to the wiring that configures the contact power supply system, and is a switch for switching between ON and OFF based on a control of the controller 10. When charging the battery by the contact power supply, the relay switch 18 is turned ON.
The configuration of the vehicle 2 is described next. The vehicle 2 comprises a controller 20, a power reception coil 21, a sensor 22, a power reception circuit 23, a battery 24, a display 25, a wireless communication unit 26, a camera 27, a GPS 28, a memory 29, a parking confirmation button 31, a charging port 32, a charger 33, and a park lock mechanism 34.
The controller 20 is not limited to the charging control when charging the battery 24, and performs various controls in the EV system of a vehicle.
The power reception coil 21 is provided on the bottom surface (chassis), etc., of the vehicle 2 between the rear wheels. Then, when the vehicle 2 is parked in a predetermined parking position, the power reception coil 21 is positioned above the power transmission coil 11, while maintaining the distance from the power transmission coil 11. The power reception coil 21 is a circular shaped coil that is parallel to the surface of the parking space.
The sensor 22 is a sensor for detecting the current and the voltage that is outputted from the power reception coil 21 to the battery 24. The detection value of the sensor 22 is outputted to the controller 20. The power reception circuit 23 is connected between the power reception coil 21 and the battery 24, and comprises a circuit and a relay switch for converting the AC power that is received by the power reception coil to the DC power. The relay switch switches between ON and OFF based on a control of the controller 20. When charging the battery 24 by non-contact power supply, the relay switch is turned ON.
The battery 24 is a secondary battery that outputs, via an inverter that is not diagrammed, the power to a motor (not shown), which is the power source of the vehicle 2. The battery 24 is configured by connecting a plurality of the secondary batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, in series or in parallel. The battery 24 is electrically connected to the power reception coil 21 via the relay switch of the power reception circuit 23. The battery 24 is connected to the charger 33.
The display 25 is, for example, provided to an instrument panel of the vehicle 2, and displays a map in a navigation system and a captured image or the like of a camera 27 in a parking assist system. The display 25 also displays the state of the power supply device 1 and the position of the power supply device 1 on the map. The display 25 also displays a guide screen for charging, when charging the battery 24 with the power supply device 1.
The wireless communication unit 26 is a communication transceiver for performing a wireless communication with the wireless communication unit 16 on the power supply device 1 side. The camera 27 is an imaging device for capturing the surroundings of the vehicle. The camera 27 is provided in the vehicle 2 in a position capable of capturing the surroundings of the vehicle 2. There may be a plurality of cameras 27.
The GPS 28 (Global Positioning System) is a system for measuring the current position of the vehicle 2, using a receiver for receiving signals from a satellite. The memory 29 is a recording medium for recording the identification information (ID) that is provided to each vehicle in advance, and the information that is transmitted from the power supply device 1 side. The parking confirmation button 31 is a button for confirming that the driver has the intention to park, and is a switch for starting the parking assist system by an operation of the user. The parking confirmation button 31 is provided to the instrument panel.
The charging port 32 is a terminal for connecting a plug of a charging cable. When charging the battery 24 by the contact power supply, the charging cable that is connected to the power supply device 1 is connected to the charging port 32.
The charger 33 is a conversion circuit for converting the power that is outputted from the power supply device 1 via the charging port 32 and the charging cable to a DC power, and comprises an inverter, a rectifier, and a smoothing circuit, etc. The controller 20 converts the AC power that is outputted from the power supply device 1 to a power that is suitable for charging the battery 24 by controlling the switching element included in the inverter, based on the charging state of the battery 24 (SOC: State of Charge), and supplies the same to the battery 24. The charging state of the battery 24 is calculated based on a value of the voltage or the current of the battery 24 detected by a detection sensor (not shown) connected to the battery 24.
The park lock mechanism 34 is a mechanical mechanism for fixing the rotation of the wheels, such as an emergency brake or a parking rod.
The configuration of the power supply device 1 side controller 10 and the configuration of the vehicle 2 side controller 20 will be described next, using
The controller 10 comprises a parked vehicle determination unit 101, a state detection unit 102, a coil position detection unit 103, and a non-contact power supply control unit 104.
The parked vehicle determination unit 101 is a control unit for determining whether or not a vehicle is stopped in a parking space of the power supply device 1, based on the detection value of the sensor 12. The controller 10 makes the control when the vehicle is stopped in a parking space and the control when the vehicle is not stopped in a parking space different controls, as described below. Accordingly, the parked vehicle determination unit 101 determines whether or not a vehicle is parked in a parking space, in order to determine with which control flow the controller 10 controls the power supply device 1.
The state detection unit 102 detects the state of the power supply device 1, based on the detection value of the sensor 12 and the diagnosis results of the self-diagnosis circuit 14. The states of the power supply device 1 include: a non-contact power supply possible state in which non-contact power supply can be performed normally; a recoverable state in which, even if there is some kind of abnormality, the abnormality or the problem can be removed by the user of the vehicle 2; a contact power supply possible state in which only charging by a contact power supply is possible; and a power supply disabled state representing a state in which charging cannot be performed by either a non-contact power supply or a contact power supply.
When there is no abnormality in the circuit, etc., inside of the power supply device 1 according to the self-diagnosis circuit 14, and there is no foreign object on the power transmission coil 11 according to the detection value of the sensor 12, the state detection unit 102 detects the state to be a state in which the power can be supplied from the power transmission coil 11 to the power reception coil 21 in a non-contact manner; that is, to be the non-contact power supply possible state.
The state detection unit 102 determines whether or not there is a foreign object on the power transmission coil 11 by analyzing a captured image on the power transmission coil 11 obtained from the sensor 12. When there is a metallic foreign object on the power transmission coil 11, such as an empty can, there are cases in which the magnetic flux that is outputted from the power transmission coil 11 is affected by the foreign object during the non-contact power supply, and the coupling between the coils becomes poor. On the other hand, the foreign object on the power transmission coil 11 can be easily removed by the user of the vehicle. Accordingly, the state detection unit 102 detects a state, in which the user is able to recover from a state in which the power cannot be supplied in a non-contact manner to a non-contact power supply possible state, i.e., a recoverable state, if the power supply device 1 is detected to be normal by the self-diagnosis circuit 14 and a foreign object is detected on the power transmission coil 11 by the sensor 12.
In addition, the state detection unit 102 also determines the state to be the recoverable state described above when the self-diagnosis circuit 14 detects that the cable of the power supply device 1 is detached from the AC power source 3. If the power supply device 1 is configured so that the user is able to connect the cable of the power supply device 1 to an AC power source 3, the cable detachment is also a problem that can be removed by the user. A cable detachment can be detected by the self-diagnosis circuit 14 by detecting an impedance change or a potential difference caused by the presence/absence of a cable connection. Accordingly, the state detection unit 102 detects a recoverable state based on the diagnosis results of the self-diagnosis circuit 14.
The recoverable state is not limited to a problem due to a foreign object on the power transmission coil 11 or due to a cable not being connected to the AC power source 3, and may be a state in which there are other flaws or problems that can be solved by the user. An example is when the system is temporarily shut down for maintenance of the non-contact power supply system and the charging by non-contact power supply cannot be performed immediately even when the user parks in a parking space, but the charging can be performed after completion of the maintenance. In such a case, a user is able to solve the problem of not being able to perform the non-contact charging by setting a timer in accordance with the completion time of the maintenance. Accordingly, the state detection unit 102 may determine such a state to be a recoverable state as well.
Additionally, the state detection unit 102 also diagnoses abnormalities in the charging circuit according to contact power supply with the self-diagnosis circuit 14. Accordingly, the state detection unit 102 detects the state to be a contact power supply possible state, when the non-contact power supply cannot be performed, and when only charging by the contact power supply is possible. In addition, the state detection unit 102 detects the state to be a power supply disabled state when neither the non-contact power supply nor the contact power supply can be performed, and when not in a recoverable state.
The coil position detection unit 103 detects the relative position of the power reception coil 21 with respect to the power transmission coil 11 using the sensor 12.
The non-contact power supply control unit 104 outputs the power of the AC power source 3 to the power transmission coil 11 to control the charging of the battery 24, by controlling the power unit 13 based on a signal that is received by the wireless communication unit 16. Since the startup signal of the power supply device 1 can be transmitted from the vehicle 2 in the present embodiment, the non-contact power supply control unit 104 can start the non-contact power supply based on the startup signal that is received by the wireless communication unit 16. Additionally, the non-contact power supply control unit 104 obtains the required output of the vehicle 2 side via the wireless communication of the wireless communication units 16 and 26, and controls the power unit 13 so that the required output is outputted from the power transmission coil 11. The required power is set on the vehicle 2 side in accordance with the charging state of the battery 24.
The controller 20 on the vehicle 2 side comprises a parking position guide unit 201, a startup signal control unit 202, a power supply device guide unit 203, and a coupling control unit 210.
The parking position guide unit 201 is a control unit for controlling a parking assist system. When the parking confirmation button 31 is pressed by the user, the parking position guide unit 201 activates the parking assist system, displays the image of the surroundings of the vehicle 2 on the display 25 based on the captured image of the camera 27, and performs guidance on the display screen of the display 25 to guide the position of the vehicle 2 to a predetermined parking position. In particular, in a non-contact charging system, the coupling between the coils becomes weak when the positional displacement between the coils is great. Accordingly, the present embodiment is configured so that the positioning of the power transmission coil 11 and the power reception coil 21 will be easy, with the parking position guide unit 201.
The parking position guide unit 201 is not limited to the periphery of a parking space comprising a power supply device 1, and notifies on the display 25 that there is a power supply device 1 comprising a non-contact power supply system, for example, 30 m away from the current position of the vehicle.
The startup signal control unit 202 transmits a startup signal for activating a power supply device 1 from a running vehicle with the wireless communication unit 26, based on the current position of the vehicle 2 that is measured by the GPS 28 system, or, an operation of the parking confirmation button 31. In addition, the startup signal control unit 202 transmits a startup signal for activating a power supply device 1 from a stopped vehicle with the wireless communication unit 26, based on a timer setting or the state of the power switch. Furthermore, the startup signal control unit 202 makes the startup signal that is transmitted from a running vehicle 2, and the startup signal that is transmitted from a stopped vehicle 2, separate startup signals. Accordingly, a controller 10 that receives a startup signal is able to differentiate whether the startup signal is a signal transmitted from a running vehicle 2 or a signal transmitted from a stopped vehicle 2.
The power supply device guide unit 203 informs the state of the power supply device 1, by displaying the detection results of the state detection unit 102, which is received from the wireless communication unit 26, on the display 25.
The coupling control unit 210 is a control unit for detecting the power by the power reception coil 21 or sending and receiving a signal in order to establish a coupling, and comprises a permission signal generation unit 211 and a coupling determination unit 212. The permission signal generation unit 211 specifies one power supply device 1 from among a plurality of power supply devices 1, based on identification information (ID) of the power supply device 1 that is transmitted from the power supply device 1. Then, the permission signal generation unit 211 generates a permission signal that permits the transmission of power in a non-contact manner from the specified power supply device 1. The coupling control unit 210 also transmits the permission signal by controlling a wireless communication unit 26. The coupling determination unit 212 then determines whether or not a paired communication has been established between the vehicle 2 and the power supply device 1, by detecting the power from the power supply device 1 that has received the permission signal.
As a feature of the communication of the wireless communication unit 16 and the wireless communication unit 26 using the wireless LAN method or the like, for example, when transmitting a signal with the wireless communication unit 26 on the vehicle 2 side, a plurality of wireless communication units 16 positioned within the communication range of the wireless communication unit 26 receive the signal. The wireless communication unit 26 of the vehicle 2 can also receive a signal from the wireless communication unit 16 of the power supply device 1, and can also receive a signal from a wireless communication unit 16 of another power supply device 1 other than this power supply device 1. Consequently, even if the vehicle 2 is parked in a parking space to which a power supply device 1 is provided, the power supply device 1 cannot grasp which vehicle has parked, and the vehicle 2 cannot grasp to which parking space of which power supply device 1 the vehicle has parked, by wireless communication alone. Consequently, communication cannot be established between the vehicle 2 and the power supply device 1 of the parking space to which the vehicle has parked.
On the other hand, separately providing the close range communication units that are different from the wireless communication units 16 and 26, in order to make a one-to-one dedicated communication between the power supply device 1 and the vehicle 2, is not preferable, from the point of view of the cost. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the communication between the power supply device 1 and the vehicle 2 is established by utilizing the non-contact power supply between the power transmission coil 11 and the power reception coil 21. The coupling control unit 210 is a control unit for establishing such a paired communication between the vehicle 2 and the power supply device 1.
Herein below, a state in which the power supply device 1 side has grasped the identification information of the parked vehicle 2, and in which a one-to-one communication has been established between the power supply device 1 and the vehicle 2, in other words, a state in which the vehicle 2 side has grasped the identification information of the power supply device 1 at which the vehicle has parked, shall be referred to as a state in which coupling has been established. The control to establish this coupling corresponds to the coupling control.
The control of the controllers 10 and 20 is described next, using
First, the controller 20 of the vehicle 2 determines whether or not the vehicle 2 is traveling or stopped based on, for example, the rotational speed of the motor (not shown) of the vehicle 2. Then, the startup signal control unit 202 generates a startup signal (traveling) when the state of the vehicle 2 is traveling, and generates a startup signal (stopped) when the state of the vehicle 2 is stopped. The startup signal (traveling) and the startup signal (stopped) comprise an identifier which indicates in which state the vehicle 2 is, traveling or stopped. Then, the startup signal control unit 202 transmits a startup signal (traveling or stopped) to the power supply device 1 with the wireless communication unit 26.
When receiving a startup signal that is transmitted from the vehicle 2, the power supply device 1 determines whether or not a vehicle is parked in the parking space with the parked vehicle determination unit 101.
When the parked vehicle determination unit 101 determines that a vehicle 2 is not parked in the parking space and a startup signal (traveling) is received; the controller 10 performs a control to diagnose the state of the power supply device 1 by the state detection unit 102. That is, when the power supply device 1 receives a startup signal from a traveling vehicle 2 in a state in which a vehicle 2 is not parked in the parking space, there is the possibility that the vehicle that transmitted the startup signal will park at this power supply device 1. At this time, if, for example, the power supply device 1 cannot perform charging by non-contact power supply but is in a contact power supply possible state, notifying the state of the power supply device 1 before the vehicle 2 parks in the parking space is preferable. Accordingly, the state detection unit 102 performs a control to diagnose the state of the power supply device 1.
Additionally, when the parked vehicle determination unit 101 determines that a vehicle 2 is not parked in the parking space and a startup signal (traveling) is received, the controller 10 causes the non-contact power supply control unit 104 to output a weak power to establish a coupling with the vehicle 2. The coupling control utilizes the non-contact power supply between the coils; when the positional displacement of the power reception coil 21 with respect to the power transmission coil 11 is great, there is a possibility that sufficient power to allow detection cannot be received by the power reception coil 21, even if the power for coupling is outputted from the power transmission coil 11.
Accordingly, the controller 10 detects the position of the power reception coil 21 with respect to the power transmission coil 11 while the vehicle 2 is parking or after the vehicle 2 has parked but before the coupling control, with the coil position detection unit 103. When the positional displacement between the coils is outside of the allowable range, the coil position detection unit 103 causes the wireless communication unit 16 to transmit a signal to instruct re-parking and display information instructing re-parking on the display unit 17. The allowable range represents the upper limit of the positional displacement of the coils with which coupling control can be performed.
When the positional displacement of the coils is within the allowable range according to the coil position detection unit 103, the controller 10 causes the wireless communication unit 16 to transmit a signal indicating the start of the coupling. An advance notice signal is a signal that gives advance notice that power will be supplied from the power transmission coil 11 to the power reception coil 21 in a non-contact manner, in order to establish a coupling.
In addition, when receiving an advance notice signal for coupling from the power supply device 1 side, the controller 20 on the vehicle 2 side starts the control of the coupling with the coupling control unit 210. The coupling control will be described in detail below.
After the coupling has been established, the controllers 10 and 20 perform the charging control of the battery 24 by the non-contact power supply. If a timer has been set, the charging of the battery 24 is started when the set time arrives. If a timer has not been set, and the charging is not canceled, charging of the battery 24 is started when the power switch (not shown) of the vehicle 2 is switched from an ON state to an OFF state, or, when switched from a Ready state to the OFF state.
Here, the ON state represents a transitioned state by an ON operation of the power switch. The controller 20 is activated when the power switch is in the ON state, but the relay switch of the power reception circuit 23 is OFF, and between the motor and the battery 24 as well as between the charger 33 and the battery are also cut off due to the relay off (a switch different from the relay switch of the power reception circuit 23); as a result the vehicle 2 cannot be driven, and the battery 24 is not in a state that can be charged by an external power source.
The Ready state is a state in which the brake pedal is depressed, and represents a transitioned state by an ON operation of the power switch. In the Ready state, the controller 20 is activated, an electrically conductive state develops between the motor and the battery 24, the relay switch of the power reception circuit 23 is turned OFF, and the power between the charger 33 and the battery 24 is cut off. Consequently, the vehicle 2 can be driven, but the battery 24 is not in a state that can be charged by an external power source.
On the other hand, when reaching the set time for timer charging, or, when an instruction to start charging is inputted to the controller 20 by the user and the power switch is switched from the ON state to the OFF state, or from the Ready state to the OFF state, the controller 20 is activated, the relay switch of the power reception circuit 23 is turned ON, and the power between the charger 33 and the battery 24 enters an electrically conductive state. The vehicle 2 thereby enters a chargeable state electronically as well.
When controlling the charging of the battery 24, the controller 20 manages the charging state of the battery 24, and transmits the required power to the power supply device 1 side to adjust the charging power of the battery 24 in accordance with the SOC of the battery 24. The controller 10 of the power supply device 1 controls the power unit 13 with the non-contact power supply control unit 104, in accordance with the required power from the vehicle 2 side. Then, when the SOC of the battery 24 reaches a target SOC, the controller 20 transmits a stop signal for stopping the charging to the power supply device 1. The non-contact power supply control unit 104 stops the output of power based on the stop signal.
The control described above is an outline of the control of the controller 10 of the power supply device 1 and the controller 20 of the vehicle 2; however, the controller 10 on the power supply device 1 side omits a part of the control described above depending on whether or not a vehicle is stopped in a parking space, and whether or not the startup signal that is transmitted from the vehicle 2 was transmitted while traveling.
Thus, the specific control of the controllers 10 and 20 according to the state of the vehicle and whether or not a vehicle is stopped in the parking space will be described below, using
The control for when startup signals are transmitted from the running vehicles (CAR_A, CAR_B) will be described first.
The generation of a startup signal by the vehicle 2 will be described. The controller 20 determines whether or not the parking confirmation button 31 has been pressed during traveling of the vehicle 2. Then, if the parking confirmation button 31 has been pressed, the startup signal control unit 202 transmits a startup signal (traveling) along with the identification information. Even when the parking confirmation button 31 has not been pressed, the controller 20 determines whether or not the distance between the current position of the vehicle and the position of a registered power supply device 1 is equal to or less than a predetermined determination threshold. Then, if the distance between the current position of the vehicle and the position of the power supply device 1 is less than or equal to the predetermined determination threshold, the startup signal control unit 202 turns the wireless communication unit 26 ON and transmits a startup signal (traveling) along with the identification information. A registered power supply device 1 is, for example, a power supply device 1 in a home parking space or in the vicinity of a travel route to a destination, and is recorded in the memory 29. The power supply device 1 may be registered by the user, or, when the battery 24 becomes lower than a predetermined value, a power supply device 1 in the vicinity of the current position of the vehicle or in the vicinity of a reachable point of the vehicle 2, can be identified by the controller 20 and registered in the memory 29.
On the other hand, if the parking confirmation button 31 is not pressed and the distance between the current position of the vehicle 2 and the position of a registered power supply device 1 is greater than the predetermined determination threshold while the vehicle is traveling, the startup signal control unit 202 turns the wireless communication unit 26 OFF and does not transmit a startup signal (traveling). Additionally, if the wireless communication unit 26 is ON and the distance between the current position of the vehicle 2 and the position of a registered power supply device 1 becomes greater than the predetermined determination threshold, the startup signal control unit 202 switches the wireless communication unit 26 from ON to OFF.
In the example in
The control of the controller 10 on the power supply device 1 side, which has received a startup signal (traveling), will be described next. When receiving a startup signal (traveling), the controller 10 activates the systems other than the reception system of the wireless communication. The parked vehicle determination unit 101 determines whether or not a vehicle 2 is stopped in the parking space. Since a vehicle is not stopped in the parking space, the power supply devices (GC_A, B) determine that there is no parked vehicle. On the other hand, since a vehicle (CAR_C) is stopped in the parking space, the power supply device (GC_C) determines that there is a parked vehicle.
If the parked vehicle determination unit 101 determines that there is no parked vehicle, the controller 20 cross-checks the identification information of the vehicle that is contained in the received startup signal and the vehicle identification information that is registered in the memory 15.
Regarding the identification information that is recorded in the memory 15, if, for example, the power supply device 1 is set in a home parking space, the identification information of the vehicle of the owner of the power supply device 1 is recorded in the memory 15. Alternatively, if the non-contact power supply system of the present embodiment is a member-only system, the identification information of subscribed vehicles, or the identification information that indicates one to be a member, is recorded in the memory 15. When using the identification information that is common for members, the identification information is recorded in the memory 29 of the vehicle 2 side as well, and is transmitted to the power supply device 1 from the vehicle 2 along with the start signal.
When the identification information that is received along with the startup signal (traveling) and the identification information in the memory 15 match, the controller 10 determines that the identification information is permitted. On the other hand, when the received identification information and the identification information in the memory 15 do not match, the controller 10 determines that the identification information is not permitted. If the identification information is not permitted, the controller 10 does not perform the coupling control and the self-diagnosis control by the state detection unit 102, and enters a sleep state.
If the identification information is not permitted, the non-contact charging is not performed even if the vehicle having the unpermitted identification information parks in the parking space; therefore, performing the self-diagnosis control, etc., is not necessary. In addition, if the self-diagnosis result of the power supply device 1 is notified to the vehicle with the unpermitted identification information, there is a possibility that the user of the vehicle will see the notification results and erroneously park the vehicle 2 in the parking space, even though non-contact charging is not permitted. Therefore, if the identification information is not permitted, the controller 10 omits the self-diagnosis control, etc., and enters a sleep state. The present embodiment can thereby reduce the power consumption of the power supply device 1.
Next, if the identification information is permitted, the controller 10 detects the state of the power supply device 1 with the state detection unit 102. In the example in
If the state detection unit 102 detects a non-contact power supply possible state of the power supply device 1, the controller 10 lights the lamp display of the display unit 17 “blue.” If the state detection unit 102 detects a recoverable state of the power supply device 1, the controller 10 blinks the lamp display of the display unit 17 “blue.” If the state detection unit 102 detects a contact power supply possible state of the power supply device 1, the controller 10 blinks the lamp display of the display unit 17 “red.” Furthermore, if the state detection unit 102 detects a power supply disabled state of the power supply device 1, the controller 10 lights the lamp display of the display unit 17 “red.” That is, in the present embodiment, the display state of the display unit 17 is differentiated depending on the detection result of the state detection unit 102.
When wireless communication with the vehicle 2 is being continued, the controller 10 continues the lamp display by the display unit 17 as described above. On the other hand, when a predetermined time has elapsed, since the wireless communication with the vehicle 2 was interrupted, the controller 10 controls the display unit 17 to turn off the lamp display. A case in which the wireless communication is interrupted is, for example in the example in
In addition, in the present embodiment, the state of the power supply device 1 is not notified by a lamp display of the display unit 17 of the power supply device 1, with respect to a vehicle 2 with an unpermitted identification signal. Referring to
Additionally, if the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is a non-contact power supply possible state, if the detection result is a recoverable state, or if in a contact power supply possible state, the controller 10 transmits the detection result to the vehicle 2 by wireless communication. After transmitting the detection results, the controller 10 enters a state of waiting for a signal from the vehicle 2.
On the other hand, if the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is a power supply disabled state, the controller 10 does not transmit the detection result by wireless communication. In the case that charging cannot be performed by the power supply device 1 and the problem causing the disabled charging cannot be solved by the user of the vehicle 2, the detection result would not be meaningful information for the user of the vehicle 2 even if the detection result is notified to the vehicle 2 side. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, if the detection result is a power supply disabled state, the detection result is not transmitted by wireless communication.
The users of the vehicles (CAR_A, B) can thereby confirm the state of the power supply devices (GC_A, B) from the differences in the display of the display unit 17 before parking at the power supply devices (GC_A, B). For example, if the power supply device (GC_A) is in a power supply disabled state and the power supply device (GC_B) is in a recoverable state, the users of the running vehicles (CAR_A, B) can recognize that the power supply device (GC_A) cannot perform the charging, by checking the “red” lit state of the power supply device (GC_A). Additionally, the users of the running vehicles (CAR_A, B) can recognize that using the non-contact power supply is possible after the users solve some kind of abnormality, by checking the “blue” lit state of the power supply device (GC_B).
On the other hand, if the parked vehicle determination unit 101 determines that there is a parked vehicle, the controller 10 enters a sleep state without performing the authentication control of the identification information or the self-diagnosis control of the power supply device 1 described above. This control corresponds to the control of the power supply device (GC_C) in the example of
Even if the power supply device (GC_C) receives a startup signal (traveling) from the vehicles (CAR_A, B), a vehicle (CAR_C) is already stopped. Accordingly, the vehicles (CAR_A, B) cannot be charged at the power supply device (GC_C); therefore, the power supply device (GC_C) does not need to authenticate the identification information of the vehicles (CAR_A, B), and notifying the state of the power supply device (GC_C) to the vehicles (CAR_A, B) is also not necessary. Accordingly, the power supply device (GC_C) immediately enters a sleep state when receiving a startup signal (traveling) from the vehicles (CAR_A, B). The present embodiment can thereby suppress the power consumption of the power supply device 1.
The control of the vehicle side, which has received information on the detection results of the state detection unit 102, will be described next. As described above, the vehicles (CAR_A, B) are in a state waiting for a signal from the power supply device 1 after transmitting the startup signal (traveling), and informs the state of the power supply device 1 by receiving a signal that contains the results of the self-diagnosis from the power supply device 1.
If a signal containing the detection result of a non-contact power supply possible state is received, the power supply device guide unit 203 displays the detection results and the position of the normal power supply device 1 corresponding to the detection results, on a map on the display 25. The power supply device guide unit 203 may indicate that a power supply device 1 is normal and capable of the non-contact power supply by the color identification, or, the display on the display 25 that the power supply device 1 is normal by means of a pop-up function.
Additionally, if a signal containing the detection result of a recoverable state is received, the power supply device guide unit 203 displays the detection results and the position of the power supply device 1 corresponding to the detection results, on a map on the display 25. The power supply device guide unit 203 displays the power supply devices that include abnormalities that can be solved by the user on the display 25. When displaying a power supply device 1 that is in a recoverable state on the display 25, the display may be done with, for example, a different color from the display color of a normal power supply device 1, or displayed by means of a pop-up function. At this time, an abnormality causing the recoverable state may also be displayed.
In addition, if a signal containing the detection result of a contact power supply possible state is received, the power supply device guide unit 203 displays the power supply device that can only perform a contact power supply on the display 25. When displaying a power supply device 1 that is in a contact power supply possible state on the display 25, the display may be done with, for example, a different color from the display color of a normal power supply device 1 and the display color of a power supply device 1 in a recoverable state 1, or displayed by means of a pop-up function.
When a plurality of power supply devices 1 are contained in the map that is displayed by the display 25, the position of each power supply device 1 and the respective state that corresponds to each power supply device 1 are displayed on the display.
When the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is a power supply disabled state, the detection result is not transmitted by wireless communication; therefore, the power supply device guide unit 203 does not display the information of the power supply device 1 in the power supply disabled state on the display 25. That is, the power supply device guide unit 203 displays, on the display 25, a power supply device 1 that is capable of performing either a non-contact charging or a contact charging, and a power supply device 1 that is in a state that can be recovered to a chargeable state by the user of the vehicle 2. Accordingly, the user of the vehicle 2 can easily confirm that the state of the power supply device 1 is a chargeable state, by the display of the display 25.
Then, the users of vehicles (CAR_A, B) will park the vehicles in a parking space of the power supply devices (GC_A, B), while checking the display of the display unit 17 of the power supply device 1, or, the display of the display 25 of the vehicle 2.
When the vehicle approaches the parking space of the power supply device 1 (the parking spaces of the power supply devices (GC_A, B)) that transmitted a signal indicating the detection results of the state of the power supply device 1, the controller 20 transmits a parking signal to the power supply device 1 indicating the intention to park. The determination of whether or not the vehicle 2 has approached the power supply device 1 may be determined by, for example, comparing the position of the power supply device 1 and the current position of the vehicle, or, determined by measuring the reception strength of the wireless signal that is transmitted from the power supply device 1.
The coupling control of the power supply devices (GC_A, B) and the vehicles (CAR_A, B), with respect to a vehicle that is traveling in a parking space or a stopped vehicle that has parked, will be described next. First, the controller 10 receives the parking signal described above.
At this time, if the state of the power supply device 1 is a non-contact power supply possible state, the positional displacement between the coils is detected by the coil position detection unit 103. On the other hand, if the state of the power supply device 1 is a recoverable state, the controller 10 detects the positional displacement between the coils with the coil position detection unit 103, after confirming that the abnormality that is causing the recoverable state has been removed. Additionally, if the state of the power supply device 1 is a contact power supply possible state, the controller 10 performs a charging control by the contact charging, without performing the coupling control or the detection control of the coil positions with the coil position detection unit 103.
Then, if the position of the power reception coil 21 of the vehicle 2 is detected by the coil position detection unit 103 based on the detection value of the sensor 12 and the positional displacement between the power transmission coil 11 and the power reception coil 21 is within an allowable range, the controller 10 transmits an excitation advance notice signal to the vehicle 2, indicating that preparation has been made for accepting the coupling.
Here, in the example of
In this case, the controller 10 of the power supply device (GC_A) transmits an excitation advance notice signal to the vehicles (CAR_A, B) by receiving the parking signal from the vehicle (CAR_A). The controller 10 of the power supply device (GC_B) transmits an excitation advance notice signal to the vehicles (CAR_A, B) by receiving the parking signal from the vehicle (CAR_A). At this time, the power supply device (GC_A) is in a position that is closer to the vehicle (CAR_A), which transmitted the parking signal first, than the power supply device (GC_B). Accordingly, the excitation advance notice signal of the power supply device (GC_A) is transmitted before the excitation advance notice signal of the power supply device (GC_B). The excitation advance notice signal of the power supply device (GC_A) comprises the identification information (GC_A), and the excitation advance notice signal of the power supply device (GC_B) comprises the identification information (GC_B).
Then, the vehicle (CAR_A) receives the excitation advance notice signal of the power supply device (GC_B) after receiving the excitation advance notice signal of the power supply device (GC_A). In the same way, the vehicle (CAR_B) receives the excitation advance notice signal of the power supply device (GC_B) after receiving the excitation advance notice signal of the power supply device (GC_A). That is, the reception order of the excitation advance notice signals received by the vehicle (CAR_A) will be the same as the reception order of the excitation advance notice signals received by the vehicle (CAR_B).
The controller 10 may adjust the transmission timing between the power supply devices in order to make the reception order of the excitation advance notice signals the same among a plurality of vehicles that are present within the communication range. For example, if a parking signal containing the identification signal of the same vehicle is received by a plurality of power supply devices, the reception strength of the wireless signal will be higher for a power supply device that is closer to the vehicle. Accordingly, the controller 10 may adjust the transmission timing to be delayed more, the lower the reception strength. Additionally, for example, if the information on the transmission time is included in the parking signal, the controller 10 can grasp the distance between the target vehicle and the power supply device from the time between the transmission time and the reception time. Then, the transmission timing can be made earlier as the distance to the power supply device 1 is shorter, and the transmission timing may be made later as the distance to the power supply device is longer.
The coupling control unit 210 permits excitation for coupling with respect to one power supply device 1 among a plurality of power supply devices 1 in accordance with a rule that is set in advance, when receiving an excitation advance notice signal from the plurality of power supply devices 1, with the permission signal generation unit 211. A rule that is set in advance is, for example, the reception order of the excitation advance notice signal, or, the order of numbers, if registration numbers are assigned to the power supply devices 1. A case in which the rule that is set in advance is having the highest reception order of the excitation advance notice signal will be described below as one example.
In the example of
The reception order of the excitation advance notice signal for the vehicle (CAR_B) is the same as the reception order for the vehicle (CAR_A). Accordingly, the coupling control unit 210 of the power supply device (GC_A) also specifies the power supply device (GC_A) as the power supply device 1 to which excitation for coupling is permitted. The coupling control unit 210 of the vehicle (CAR_B) also generates a permission signal including the identification information (GC_A).
Next, the coupling control unit 210 of the vehicles (CAR_A, B) transmits the generated permission signal to the power supply device 1.
The controller 10 on the power supply device 1 side compares the identification information of the power supply device 1 that is included in the permission signal and the identification information of itself that is recorded in the memory 15. Then, when the identification information of the permission signal and the identification information of itself match, the controller 10 determines that excitation for coupling has been permitted, and controls the power unit 13 to output power from the power transmission coil 11 with the non-contact power supply control unit 104. At this time, the output power can be any level which can be detected by a sensor 22 on the vehicle 2 side.
In the example of
The vehicle side controller 20 detects whether or not a power has been received by the power reception coil 21 using the sensor 22, after transmitting the permission signal. Then, when the power that is received by the power reception coil 21 has been detected, the coupling determination unit 212 of the coupling determination unit 210 determines that a coupling has been established with the permitted power supply device 1.
In the example of
On the other hand, power is not supplied from the power transmission coil of the power supply device (GC_B) to a vehicle (CAR_B) that has stopped in the parking space of the power supply device (GC_B). Accordingly, the coupling control unit 210 of the power supply device (GC_B) determines that a coupling has not been established with the power supply device (GC_B), since power cannot be detected by the sensor 22.
When a coupling is not established, the coupling control unit 210 again transmits a signal for performing a coupling (re-coupling signal) to the power supply device 1. When receiving a re-coupling signal, the power supply device 1 side controller 10 again transmits an excitation advance notice signal, in the same way as when receiving a parking signal. Then, the coupling control described above is performed again between the vehicle 2 and the power supply device 1.
In the example of
The power supply device (GC_B) transmits an excitation advance notice signal to the vehicle 2. Since a coupling has already been established, the power supply device (GC_A) does not transmit an excitation advance notice signal.
The coupling control unit 210 of the vehicle (CAR_B) transmits to the power supply device 1 a permission signal that permits excitation for coupling with respect to the power supply device (GC_B), after receiving the excitation advance notice signal from the power supply device (GC_B), while including the identification information (GC_B).
Then, the controller 10 of the power supply device (GC_B) outputs power from the power transmission coil 11 based on the identification information (GC_B) of itself and the identification information of the permission signal. The coupling control unit 210 of the vehicle (CAR-B) determines that a coupling has been established with the power supply device (GC_A), by detecting that power has been received by the power reception coil 21 using the sensor 22. Coupling can thereby be established between the vehicle (CAR_A) and the power supply device (GC_A) as well as between the vehicle (CAR_B) and the power supply device (GC_B).
When a coupling is established, the coupling control unit 210 registers in the memory 29 the identification information of the power supply device 1 on the partner side as an identification information that has been coupled. In addition, the coupling control unit 210 wirelessly transmits the coupling information (the identification information in which a coupling has been established) by a signal indicating an established coupling, by corresponding the identification information of the power supply device of the coupling partner with the identification information of itself. In the same way, the controller 10 of the power supply device 1 registers in the memory 15 the identification information of the vehicle 2 on the partner side as an identification information that has been coupled. The controller 10 then transmits a signal for coupling completion with respect to the other vehicle. The coupling completion signal includes the identification information of the target with which the coupling has been established.
After the coupling has been established, the other power supply device 1 and the other vehicle 2 do not require the information of the vehicle 2 and the power supply device 1 between which a coupling has been established. Accordingly, the other power supply device 1 and the other vehicle 2 can increase the accuracy of coupling by receiving a coupling completion signal and removing from the target of coupling, based on the identification information that is included in the signal.
Then, after the coupling has been established, since the controllers 10 and 20 know the destination of the transmission, the controllers 10 and 20 are able to establish a one-to-one communication by wireless communication by sending and receiving signals with the wireless communication units 16 and 26, after including the identification information of itself and the identification information of the partner.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the coil position is detected while performing a coupling control, based on a signal that is transmitted by wireless communication. Accordingly, even when a vehicle is not stopped in a parking space, the power supply device 1 that has received these signals enters a state of waiting for the detection of the coil position. Furthermore, when omitting a control by the coil position detection unit from the control on the controller 10 side, the controller 10 will control the power unit 13 to output a power from the power transmission coil 11.
In the present embodiment, in order to shorten as much as possible the unnecessary control time described above, which is generated by performing the wireless communication, the controller 10 of the power supply device 1, which does not have a vehicle parked in the parking space, enters a state of waiting for a detection of the coil position, or ends the power control and transitions to a sleep state, if the identification information that is included in the signal that is received by the wireless communication and that is registered in advance (permitted), and the identification information of its own power supply device do not match. The power consumption of the power supply device 1 can thereby be stopped.
After the coupling has been established, the vehicle side controller 20 displays on the display 25 that charging by the non-contact power supply is possible. Then, if the power switch is turned OFF without an operation by the user to cancel the charge start, the controller 20 activates the park lock mechanism 34 and fixes the wheels so that the wheels will not rotate.
In a non-contact power supply, the coupling coefficient changes when the distance between the coils is changed. If the wheels are rotated and the distance between the coils changes while charging the battery 24 and the coupling coefficient will be changed. At this time, if the coupling coefficient changes in a direction of improving, the charging current of the battery 24 becomes higher than the set current, and the load on the battery 24 becomes large. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, a park lock mechanism 34 is activated before the charging control.
The vehicle side controller 20 detects the charging state of the battery 24 that is starting to charge with a sensor, and calculates the required power to the battery 24 from the SOC of the battery 24 and the target SOC. Then, the controller 20 transmits a request signal for charge start along with the calculated required power to the controller 10 on the power supply device side.
The non-contact power supply control unit 104 of the controller 10 controls the power unit 13 to output from the power transmission coil 11 a power corresponding to the required power from the vehicle 2, when receiving a request signal for charge start from the vehicle.
The vehicle side controller 20 manages the state of the battery and charges the battery 24 with the power of the power reception coil 21. Then, when the SOC of the battery 24 reaches the target SOC, the vehicle side controller 20 transmits a signal for ending the charging to the controller 10, and ends the charging control. The power supply device side controller 10 ends the charging control by receiving a charge end signal.
In addition, when a timer for charging is set after displaying on the display 25 that charging by the contact power supply is possible, the vehicle 2 side controller 20 transmits to the controller 10 a signal indicating that the timer has been set.
When receiving a signal indicating that the timer has been set, the controller 10 starts a trial charge of the battery 24 by controlling the power unit 13 to transmit power from the power transmission coil 11 to the power reception coil 21 for a short time.
The vehicle side controller 20 detects the power of the power reception coil 21 using the sensor 22. The controller 20 compares the detected power and a power threshold. The power threshold is the lower limit of the power that is required for charging the battery 24. Then, if the detected power is greater than the power threshold, the controller 20 sets the timer mode and enters a standby state. The timer mode is a charging mode in which the charging is started at a set time.
On the other hand, when the detected power is equal to or less than the power threshold, the controller 10 displays on the display 25 that there is a power shortage. When there is a power shortage, the parking position of the vehicle should be changed to reduce the positional displacement between the coils.
Usually, if a timer is set, the user of the vehicle is not in the vicinity of the vehicle when the charging is started. Consequently, even if the positional displacement of the coils is large and there is a power shortage, parking the vehicle again, or adjusting the position of the coil by using a coil position adjustment mechanism, are not possible. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, a trial charge is performed when a timer has been set.
The trial charge is not necessarily required to actually charge the battery 24; being able to confirm that the power required for charging the battery 24 has been received by the power reception coil 21 is sufficient.
The above is the control for when startup signals are transmitted from the running vehicles (CAR_A, CAR_B). The control for when a startup signal is transmitted from a stopped vehicle (CAR_C) will be described next.
The generation of a startup signal by the vehicle 2 will be described. When a timer mode for charging is set, the startup signal control unit 202 transmits a startup signal (stopped) at the set time.
Additionally, if the vehicle (CAR_C) is parked in the parking space of the power supply device (GC_C) but the control sequence described above is canceled and the controller 20 keeps the cancel history in the memory 29. If the user operates the power switch and turns the power switch to the ON state or to the Ready state, in a state in which a timer mode for charging has not been set, the controller 20 displays a setting screen for starting the charging by the non-contact power supply on the display 25. Then, if the power switch is turned OFF after the user performs a charge start operation, the startup signal control unit 202 transmits a startup signal (stopped).
When receiving a startup signal (stopped), the power supply device side controller 10 activates the systems other than the reception system of the wireless communication. The parked vehicle determination unit 101 determines the presence/absence of a parked vehicle. When a parked vehicle is present, the controller 10 performs a cross-check of the identification information with the vehicle 2.
If the identification information is permitted, the controller 10 detects the state of the power supply device (GC_C) with the state detection unit 102. The control of the state detection unit 102 is the same as described above.
When the state detection unit 102 detects a non-contact power supply possible state of the power supply device 1, the controller 10 transmits a signal to the vehicle side, indicating that accepting of charging by the non-contact power supply is possible (hereinafter referred to as the acceptable signal).
On the other hand, when the state detection unit 102 detects a recoverable state, a contact power supply possible state, or a power supply disabled state, the controller 10 does not transmit an acceptable signal, and enters a sleep state. The controller 10 may wirelessly transmit a signal representing the detection results, to compensate for not transmitting an acceptable signal.
Then, the vehicle side controller 20 performs a coupling control and starts the charging after receiving the acceptable signal, in the same way as above. The power supply device side controller 10 also performs a coupling control and starts the charging after transmitting the acceptable signal, in the same way as above. If a coupling control is already being performed at the time of stopping the vehicle, the controllers 10 and 20 may omit the coupling control based on the sending and receiving of the acceptable signal.
When the parked vehicle determination unit 101 determines that there is no parked vehicle after receiving a startup signal (stopped), the power supply device side controller 10 enters a sleep state without performing a cross-check of the identification information, the self-diagnosis control, or the coupling control.
The present embodiment can thereby activate the power supply device 1 even from a stopped vehicle without being limited to a running vehicle, by separating the startup signal from the vehicle 2 depending on whether the vehicle is traveling or the vehicle is stopped. Since the startup signals are distinguished, the power supply device 1 is able to separate a control with respect to a running vehicle and a control with respect to a stopped vehicle. That is, when a startup signal (stopped) is received in a state in which a vehicle is not stopped in the parking space, the possibility for a running vehicle to stop in the parking space is slight. Accordingly, by omitting the cross-check of the identification information, the self-diagnosis control, and the coupling control, etc., from the control sequence of the power supply device 1, the control flow can be shortened while reducing power consumption.
Additionally, since the startup signal is transmitted from the vehicle side even when a timer mode for charging is set in the present embodiment, charging can be started automatically.
In addition, for example as a first scene, when the charging by non-contact charging is canceled after stopping in the parking space of the power supply device 1 and the charging is to be started again, the charging can be started by switching the power switch from the OFF state to the ON state and then to the OFF state again, or, by switching the power switch from the OFF state to the Ready state and then to the OFF state again. As a second scene, when the charging by non-contact charging is not canceled after stopping in the parking space of the power supply device 1 and a timer mode for charging has not been set, the charging can be started when the power switch is switched from the ON state to the OFF state, or, when the power switch is switched from the Ready state to the OFF state.
The behavior of the power switch as a trigger for charging will thereby become the same in either scene; as a result, a non-contact power supply system that is easy for the user to understand can be achieved.
The control of the power supply device side controller 10 and the vehicle side controller 20 will be described next, using
In step S100, the vehicle side controller 20 performs a control for generating a startup signal and transmits the startup signal to the power supply device 1, as illustrated in
In step S400, the controller 20 informs the state of the power supply device, based on the signal of the power supply device 1 side.
After the control of step S300, the controller 10 detects the coil position in step S500. After step S400 and after step S500, the controllers 10, 20 perform a coupling control. After step S600, the controller 20 performs a control to prepare for charging in step S700.
Then, after step S600 on the power supply device side and after step S700 on the vehicle side, the controllers 10 and 20 perform a charging control and end the control.
In the control of step S100 in
The controller 20 measures the distance between the current position of the vehicle and the position of a registered power supply device 1 and determines whether or not the measured distance is equal to or less than a determination threshold, in step S104. Then, if the measured distance is equal to or less than the determination threshold, the controller 20 transmits a startup signal (traveling) with the startup signal control unit 202 (step S105).
Returning to step S102, even if the parking confirmation button 31 has been turned ON, the controller 20 transmits a startup signal (traveling) (step S105). Returning to step S101, if the vehicle is stopped, the controller 20 performs a control for when the vehicle is stopped, in step S110. The control for when the vehicle is stopped will be described below, with reference to
Then, after step S105 or step S110, the controller 20 enters a state of waiting for a wireless signal from the power supply device 1 in step S120, and ends the control of step S100.
Returning to step S104, if the measured distance is greater than the determination threshold, the controller 20 switches the wireless communication unit 26 ON or OFF (step S106) and ends the control of the present embodiment.
In the control of step S200 in
If there is a parked vehicle, the controller 10 cross-checks the identification information of the vehicle included in the startup signal (traveling) and the identification information of permitted vehicles that are registered in the memory 15, in step S301. If the transmitted identification information of the vehicle is permitted, the controller 10 detects the state of the power supply device 1 by controlling the state detection unit 102 (step S302). The controller 10 determines whether or not the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is a non-contact power supply possible state, in step S303. If the detection result is a non-contact power supply possible state, the controller 10 wirelessly transmits the detection result, in step S304. The controller 10 sets the display state of the display unit 17 to a blue lit state, in step S305.
The controller 10 determines whether or not a wireless signal is continuously being received from the vehicle 2, in step S306. If the wireless communication is being continued, the controller 10 enters a state of accepting the vehicle in preparation for coupling (step S307), and ends the control of step S300.
Returning to step S306, when the wireless signal from the vehicle 2 disappears and the communication is interrupted, the controller 10 sets the display state of the display unit 17 to a turned off state, in step S308. The controller 10 enters a sleep state in step S309. That is, a time when the vehicle passes without stopping at the parking space corresponds to the controls of steps S308 and 309.
Returning to step S303, if the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is not a non-contact power supply possible state, the controller 10 determines whether or not the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is a recoverable state (step S310). If the detection result is a recoverable state, the controller 10 wirelessly transmits the detection result, in step S311. The controller 10 sets the display state of the display unit 17 to a blue blinking state, in step S312.
The controller 10 determines whether or not a wireless signal is continuously being received from the vehicle 2, in step S313. If wireless communication is being continued, the step returns to step S302. Then, when the recoverable state becomes the non-contact power supply possible state while looping the control flow of step S302-step S313, the step proceeds from step S303 to step S304.
On the other hand, if the wireless signal from the vehicle 2 has disappeared, the step proceeds to step S308.
Returning to step S310, if the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is not a recoverable state, the controller 10 determines whether or not the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is a contact power supply possible state (step S314). If the detection result is a contact power supply possible state, the controller 10 wirelessly transmits the detection result, in step S315. The controller 10 sets the display state of the display unit 17 to a red blinking state, in step S316.
The controller 10 determines whether or not a charging cable for contact power supply has been connected to a charging port, in step S317. If a charging cable has been connected, the controller 10 starts the charging control by a contact power supply, in step S318. When performing a charging control of a contact power supply, the control flow of the controllers 10 and 20 escapes from the control flow of
Returning to step S317, if a charging cable has not been connected, the controller 10 determines whether or not a wireless signal is continuously being received from the vehicle 2, in step S319. If the wireless communication is being continued, the step returns to step S316. If the wireless signal from the vehicle 2 has disappeared, the step proceeds to step S308.
Returning to step S314, if the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is not a contact power supply possible state, the display state of the display unit 17 is set to a red lit state, in step S320. The controller 10 determines whether or not a wireless signal is continuously being received from the vehicle 2, in step S321. If the wireless communication is being continued, the step returns to step S320. If the wireless signal from the vehicle 2 has disappeared, the step proceeds to step S308.
Returning to step S301, if the transmitted identification information of the vehicle is permitted, the detection control by the state detection unit 102 described above is not performed and the display of the display unit 17 is kept off so as not to notify the state of the power supply device 1, and the step proceeds to step S309. The above is the control flow of step S300.
In the control of step S400 in
The controller 20 determines whether or not the vehicle 2 has approached the power supply device 1 that is displayed on the display 25, in step S404. If the vehicle has approached the power supply device, the controller 20 transmits to the power supply device 1 a parking signal indicating the intention to park, and ends the control of step S400, in step S405.
Returning to step S402, if the state represented by the detection result is not a non-contact power supply possible state, the controller 20 determines whether or not the state represented by the detection result is a recoverable state (step S406). If the state is a recoverable state, the controller 20 displays on the display 25 the position of the power supply device 1 that is in the recoverable state, and that the state is a recoverable state, as a power supply device that includes an abnormality that can be solved by the user, with the power supply device guide unit 203, in step S407. The step then proceeds to step S404.
Returning to step S406, if the state represented by the detection result is not a recoverable state, the controller 20 displays on the display 25 the position of the power supply device 1 that is in the contact power supply possible state, and that the state is a contact power supply possible state, as a power supply device in which only charging by the contact power supply is possible, with the power supply device guide unit 203, in step S408. The step then proceeds to step S404.
Then, if the vehicle 2 has not approached the power supply device that is displayed on the display 25 in step S404, the controller 20 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since entering the standby state according to step S120 of
In the control of step S500 of
If the positional displacement between the coils is within the allowable range in step S503, the controller 10 transmits an excitation advance notice signal (the coupling advance notice signal), in step S601.
The controller 10 receives a permission signal, as a response signal with respect to the excitation advance notice signal, in step S602. The controller 10 determines whether or not excitation for coupling is permitted by comparing the identification information of the power supply device 1 that is included in the permission signal and the identification information of itself that is recorded in the memory 15, is step S603.
If excitation for coupling is permitted, the controller 10 outputs power from the power transmission coil 11, in step S604. The controller 10 determines whether or not a signal indicating an established coupling has been received from the vehicle side, in step S605.
If a coupling established signal has been received, the identification information of the vehicle with which coupling has been established is recorded in the memory 15. In step S607, the controller 10 transmits a signal indicating coupling completion to the other vehicles 2, enters a state of waiting for a charge request from the vehicle 2 side, and ends the control of step S600.
Returning to step S605, if a coupling established signal has not been received, the controller 10 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since power was outputted in step S604, in step S608. If the predetermined time has elapsed, the coupling is considered to have failed, and the controller 10 transitions to a sleep state (step S609). On the other hand, if a predetermined time has not elapsed (has not timed out), the step returns to step S604.
Returning to step S603, if excitation for coupling has not been permitted, the step returns to step S601, and the controller 10 transmits an excitation advance notice signal again. The control flow above is the control flow of step S500 and S600 on the power supply device side.
In the control on the vehicle side of step S600 in
The controller 10 transmits a permission signal by wireless communication, in step S614. The controller 10 detects the power using the sensor 22, in step S615. The controller 10 determines whether or not a coupling has been established by determining whether or not the sensor 22 has detected the power, with the coupling determination unit 212, in step S616.
If the power has been detected by the sensor 22, coupling is determined to be established, and the controller 20 transmits a signal indicating an established coupling, in step S617. The controller 20 records the identification information of the power supply device 1 with which a coupling has been established in the memory 29, in step S618. In addition, the controller 20 transmits a signal indicating coupling completion with respect to the other power supply device 1. The controller 20 displays on the display 25 that the state is one in which charging by a non-contact power supply is possible, in step S619. Then, the control of step S600 on the vehicle side is ended.
Returning to step S616, if the power has not been detected by the sensor 22, coupling is determined to not be established, and the controller 20 transmits a re-coupling signal for performing coupling control again to the power supply device 1, in step S620. The control flow above is the control flow of step S600 on the vehicle side.
In the control of step S700 of
On the other hand, if the power switch is in an OFF state, the controller 20 actuates the park lock mechanism 34, in step S703. The controller 20 determines whether or not a timer mode for charging has been set, in step S704. If a timer mode has not been set, the step proceeds to step S801, and if a timer mode has been set, the step proceeds to step S806.
Returning to step S701, if there is a cancel instruction, the controller 20 transmits a signal indicating to cancel the charging to the power supply device 1, in step S705. The controller 20 turns OFF the wireless communication by the wireless communication unit 26, in step S706. The controller 20 determines whether or not the power switch is in the OFF state, in step S707. If the power switch is in the OFF state, the control of the present embodiment is ended. On the other hand, if the power switch is not in the OFF state, the controller 20 waits until the power switch is in the OFF state. The control flow above is the control flow of step S700. The control flow of step S800 on the vehicle side will be described below.
Returning to step S704, if a timer is not set, the controller 20 transmits a request signal to start the charging to the power supply device 1, in step S801. The controller 20 measures the SOC of the battery 24, in step S802. The controller 20 calculates a required power for charging the battery 24 with a charging power that is suitable for charging the battery 24, in accordance with the SOC of the battery 24, in step S803. Then, the controller 20 transmits the calculated required power to the power supply device 1.
The controller 20 determines whether or not the SOC of the battery 24 has reached the target SOC, in step S804. If the SOC has reached the target SOC, the controller 20 transmits a charge end signal to the power supply device 1 in step S805, and ends the control of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the SOC has not reached the target SOC, the step returns to step S802.
Returning to step S704, if a timer is set, the controller 20 transmits a request signal for performing charging in the timer mode to the power supply device 1 (step S806). The controller 20 starts a trial charge with the power that is outputted from the power transmission coil 11, in step S807. The controller 20 detects the power of the power reception coil 21 during the trial charge, in step S808. The controller 20 compares the detected power and a power threshold that is set in advance, in step S809. Then, if the detected power is greater than the power threshold, the controller 20 waits in the timer mode, in step S810. On the other hand, if the detected power is equal to or less than the power threshold, the controller 20 displays on the display 25 that there is a power shortage due to a positional displacement of the coils, in order to prompt the user to re-park (step S811). The control flow above is the control flow of step S800 on the vehicle side.
In the control on the power supply device side of step S800 in
If a request signal for a charge start has been received, the controller 10 receives the required power for charging the battery from the vehicle side, in step S823. The controller 20 controls the power unit 13 to cause the non-contact power supply control unit 104 to output the required power from the power transmission coil 11, in step S824.
The controller 10 determines whether or not a signal indicating a charge end has been received, in step S825. If a charge end signal has been received, the control of the present embodiment is ended. On the other hand, if a charge end signal has not been received, the step returns to step S823.
Returning to step S821, if a request signal for timer mode charging has been received, the controller 20 controls the power unit 13 to cause the non-contact power supply control unit 104 to output a power for the trial charge from the power transmission coil 11 for a predetermined time (step S826). The control flow above is the control flow of step S800 on the power supply device side.
The control of step S110 in
If the time is not the charge start time, the controller 20 determines whether the state of the power switch is the ON state or the Ready state, in step S112. If the state of the power switch is the ON state or the Ready state, the controller 20 displays on the display 25 that the state is one in which charging by a non-contact power supply is possible, in step S113. The controller 20 determines whether or not the state of the power switch is the OFF state, in step S114. If the power switch is in the OFF state, the controller 20 determines whether or not charging is set to start, in step S115. Charge start is set by a command to start charging being inputted to the controller 20 by an operation of the user, when a guide screen for charge start is being displayed (corresponding to step S113).
If charge start is set, the controller 20 transmits a startup signal (stopped) to the power supply device 1 with the startup signal control unit 202, in step S116. Then, after ending the control of step S110, the step proceeds to step S120.
Returning to step S115, if the charge start is not set, the control of the present embodiment is ended.
Returning to step S114, if the power switch is not in the OFF state, the controller 20 determines whether or not the vehicle has started running, in step S117. If the vehicle is running, charging by the non-contact charging is not performed; therefore, the control of the present embodiment is ended. On the other hand, if the vehicle is not running, the step returns to step S113.
Returning to step S112, if the power switch is not in the ON state or the Ready state, the control of the present embodiment is ended.
Returning to step S111, if the time is the charge start time of the timer mode, the controller 20 transmits a startup signal (stopped) to the power supply device 1 with the startup signal control unit 202, in step S116. The control flow above is the control flow of step S110.
In the control of step S200 in
If there is a parked vehicle, the controller 10 cross-checks the identification information of the vehicle included in the startup signal (stopped) and the identification information of permitted vehicles that are registered in the memory 15, in step S331. If the transmitted identification information of the vehicle is permitted, the controller 10 detects the state of the power supply device 1 by controlling the state detection unit 102 (step S332). The controller 10 determines whether or not the detection result of the state detection unit 102 is a non-contact power supply possible state, in step S333.
If the state is a non-contact power supply possible state, the controller 10 transmits an acceptable signal for charging by non-contact charging to the vehicle side, in step S334. Then, the controller 10 enters a state of accepting the vehicle in preparation for the coupling (step S335), and ends the control of step S300.
Returning to step S333, if the state is not a non-contact power supply possible state, the controller 10 enters a sleep state in step S336. Returning to step S331, if the transmitted identification information of the vehicle is not permitted, the controller 10 enters a sleep mode in step S336.
As described above, in the present embodiment, power transmission from a power transmission coil to a power reception coil is permitted with respect to one power supply device 1 among a plurality of power supply devices 1; a permission signal comprising the identification information of the one power supply device 1 is transmitted from a vehicle 2 to the power supply device 1; power is outputted from the power transmission coil 11 to the power reception coil 21 when the identification information of the power supply device and the identification information included in the permission signal match on the power supply device 1 side; and a paired communication is determined to be established between one power supply device 1 and the vehicle 2 when the power is detected by a sensor 22. Since the power supply device 1 that outputs power for coupling is limited while the output of power from the other power supply devices 1 is prohibited, coupling can be accurately established.
In addition, in the present embodiment, one power supply device is specified and a permission signal is generated with respect to the specified one power supply device, based on a signal that is transmitted from a wireless communication unit 16 of the power supply device 1 to the wireless communication unit 26 of the vehicle 2. A power supply device 1 to which the power transmission is permitted from the power transmission coil 11 for coupling, and a power supply device 1 to which the power transmission is prohibited can thereby be set within the wireless communication range of the vehicle 2.
In addition, in the present embodiment, a signal including a permission signal can be sent and received between the power supply devices 1 via the vehicle.
For example, a case in which, unlike the present embodiment, a power supply device 1 to which power transmission is permitted for coupling and a power supply system 1 to which power transmission is prohibited are set by directly performing the transmission and reception of signals, such as a permission signal, between the power supply devices (GC_A, B) will be described. In such a case, if the vehicle (CAR_A) is capable of a wireless communication with the power supply device (GC_A) and incapable of a wireless communication with the power supply device (GC_B), the vehicle (CAR_A) cannot receive signals, such as an excitation advance notice signal, from the power supply device (GC_B); as a result, the vehicle (CAR_A) cannot establish a coupling with the power supply device (GC_B).
On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the transmission and reception of signals are performed between the power supply devices 1 via a vehicle, a power supply device 1 that becomes the target of coupling can be limited to a vehicle that is positioned within the wireless communication range of the vehicle 2. The accuracy of coupling can thereby be increased.
In addition, in the present embodiment, when the power reception coil 21 is detected to be within a range that the power transmission coil 11 is capable of transmitting power, an advance notice signal for supplying power in a non-contact manner (the excitation advance notice signal) is transmitted from the power supply device 1 to the vehicle 2, and a power supply device of which the reception order of the advance notice signal by the wireless communication unit 26 on the vehicle side is a specific order is specified as the power supply device 1 to which coupling is permitted. A power supply device with the earliest reception order of the wireless signal is likely to be a power supply device 1 that is closest in distance from the vehicle 2, and the vehicle 2 is likely to stop at the power supply device 1 that is closest in distance. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the power supply device 1 that is closest in distance to the vehicle 2 can be specified as the power supply device 1 to which coupling is permitted; as a result, the time until the establishment of coupling can be shortened.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, a paired communication is determined to have been established between a first power supply device 1 and a vehicle 2, by specifying the first power supply device as the power supply device to which excitation for coupling is permitted if a second identification information is received from a second power supply device after receiving a signal including a first identification information from a first power supply device, by the wireless communication unit 26 on the vehicle side; generating a permission signal including the first identification information; and detecting the power that is transmitted from the power transmission coil 11 of the first power supply device by the sensor 22. The time until the establishment of coupling can thereby be shortened while achieving a highly accurate coupling control.
In the present embodiment, the parking confirmation button 31 may be displayed on the display 25 as a parking button, and does not necessarily have to be a switch for activating a parking assist system. The button only needs to be at least one that is operated by a user with the intention to park a vehicle, when parking, or before parking, a running vehicle in a predetermined position.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, the required power was calculated by the vehicle side controller 20 when charging the battery 24 by a non-contact power supply; however, for example, the vehicle side controller 20 may transmit information on the battery 24 to the power supply device 1, and the power that is suitable for the state of the battery 24 may be calculated by the power supply device side controller 10, based on the received battery information.
Furthermore, the control flow of steps S331-S334 in the present embodiment may be omitted.
Additionally, when applying the vehicle 2 to a hybrid vehicle in the present embodiment, the power switch shall be replaced by an ignition switch for starting the engine. The sensor 22 may be connected between the battery 24 and the power reception circuit 23.
In addition, in the present embodiment, excitation for the coupling is prohibited in the other power supply devices 1 via the vehicle, by transmitting an excitation for the coupling from the power supply device 1 to the vehicle 2 and transmitting a permission signal from the vehicle 2 to the power supply device 1; however, in a location in which the communication between the power supply devices in the periphery is guaranteed, such as a parking space of a highway service area, excitation for coupling can be prohibited in the other power supply devices 1 by transmitting an excitation advance notice signal from the power supply device 1 to the other power supply devices 1.
The wireless communication unit 26 described above corresponds to the “vehicle side communication means” of the present invention, the sensor 22 corresponds to the “power detection means” of the present invention, the permission signal generation unit 211 corresponds to the “permission signal generation means” of the present invention, the coupling determination unit 212 corresponds to the “determination means” of the present invention, the wireless communication unit 26 corresponds to the “power supply device side communication means” of the present invention, the controller 10 corresponds to the “control means” of the present invention, and the coil position detection unit 103 and the sensor 12 correspond to the “coil position detection means” of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-072239 | Mar 2013 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/058094 | 3/24/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/157094 | 10/2/2014 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5821731 | Kuki | Oct 1998 | A |
| 20130038272 | Sagata | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130181669 | Kawasaki | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20150165923 | Hirayama | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2 677 624 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2010-17006 | Jan 2010 | JP |
| 2010-119251 | May 2010 | JP |
| 5116904 | Jan 2013 | JP |
| 2012042902 | Apr 2012 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160288665 A1 | Oct 2016 | US |
