Patent Grant
11327210
Embodiments of the present invention relate to vision treatment techniques and in particular, to ophthalmic lenses such as, for example, contact lenses, corneal inlays or onlays, or intraocular lenses (IOLs) including, for example, phakic IOLs and piggyback IOLs (i.e. IOLs implanted in an eye already having an IOL).
Presbyopia is a condition that affects the accommodation properties of the eye. As objects move closer to a young, properly functioning eye, the effects of ciliary muscle contraction and zonular relaxation allow the lens of the eye to change shape, and thus increase its optical power and ability to focus at near distances. This accommodation can allow the eye to focus and refocus between near and far objects.
Presbyopia normally develops as a person ages, and is associated with a natural progressive loss of accommodation. The presbyopic eye often loses the ability to rapidly and easily refocus on objects at varying distances. The effects of presbyopia usually become noticeable after the age of 45 years. By the age of 65 years, the crystalline lens has often lost almost all elastic properties and has only a limited ability to change shape.
Along with reductions in accommodation of the eye, age may also induce clouding of the lens due to the formation of a cataract. A cataract may form in the hard central nucleus of the lens, in the softer peripheral cortical portion of the lens, or at the back of the lens. Cataracts can be treated by the replacement of the cloudy natural lens with an artificial lens. An artificial lens replaces the natural lens in the eye, with the artificial lens often being referred to as an intraocular lens or “IOL”.
Monofocal IOLs are intended to provide vision correction at one distance only, usually the far focus. At the very least, since a monofocal IOL provides vision treatment at only one distance and since the typical correction is for far distance, spectacles are usually needed for good vision at near distances and sometimes for good vision at intermediate distances. The term “near vision” generally corresponds to vision provided when objects are at a distance from the subject eye at equal; or less than 1.5 feet. The term “distant vision” generally corresponds to vision provided when objects are at a distance of at least about 5-6 feet or greater. The term “intermediate vision” corresponds to vision provided when objects are at a distance of about 1.5 feet to about 5-6 feet from the subject eye. Such characterizations of near, intermediate, and far vision correspond to those addressed in Morlock R, Wirth R J, Tally S R, Garufis C, Heichel C W D, Patient-Reported Spectacle Independence Questionnaire (PRSIQ): Development and Validation. Am J Ophthalmology 2017; 178:101-114.
There have been various attempts to address limitations associated with monofocal IOLs. For example, multifocal IOLs have been proposed that deliver, in principle, two foci, one near and one far, optionally with some degree of intermediate focus. Such multifocal, or bifocal, IOLs are intended to provide good vision at two distances, and include both refractive and diffractive multifocal IOLs. In some instances, a multifocal IOL intended to correct vision at two distances may provide a near (add) power of about 3.0 or 4.0 diopters.
Multifocal IOLs may, for example, rely on a diffractive optical surface to direct portions of the light energy toward differing focal distances, thereby allowing the patient to clearly see both near and far objects. Multifocal ophthalmic lenses (including contact lenses or the like) have also been proposed for treatment of presbyopia without removal of the natural crystalline lens. Diffractive optical surfaces, either monofocal or multifocal, may also be configured to provide reduced chromatic aberration.
Diffractive monofocal and multifocal lenses can make use of a material having a given refractive index and a surface curvature which provide a refractive power. Diffractive lenses have a diffractive profile which confers the lens with a diffractive power that contributes to the overall optical power of the lens. The diffractive profile is typically characterized by a number of diffractive zones. When used for ophthalmic lenses these zones are typically annular lens zones, or echelettes, spaced about the optical axis of the lens. Each echelette may be defined by an optical zone, a transition zone between the optical zone and an optical zone of an adjacent echelette, and an echelette geometry. The echelette geometry includes an inner and outer diameter and a shape or slope of the optical zone, a height or step height, and a shape of the transition zone. The surface area or diameter of the echelettes largely determines the diffractive power(s) of the lens and the step height of the transition between echelettes largely determines the light distribution between the different powers. Together, these echelettes form a diffractive profile.
Diffractive multifocal lenses may have some form of apodization, e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,142. Apodization is achieved by subsequently reducing the step height of the adjacent echelettes (bifocal), or adjacent sets of echelettes (trifocal or quadrifocal). The echelettes follow a general rule or equation, having the stepheight as the only variable. Therefore, this specific application is considered as a repeating structure.
A multifocal diffractive profile of the lens may be used to mitigate presbyopia by providing two or more optical powers; for example, one for near vision and one for far vision. The lenses may also take the form of an intraocular lens placed within the capsular bag of the eye, replacing the original lens, or placed in front of the natural crystalline lens. The lenses may also be in the form of a contact lens, most commonly a bifocal contact lens, or in any other form mentioned herein.
Although multifocal ophthalmic lenses lead to improved quality of vision for many patients, additional improvements would be beneficial. For example, some pseudophakic patients experience undesirable visual effects (dysphotopsia), e.g. glare or halos. Halos may arise when light from the unused focal image creates an out-of-focus image that is superimposed on the used focal image. For example, if light from a distant point source is imaged onto the retina by the distant focus of a bifocal IOL, the near focus of the IOL will simultaneously superimpose a defocused image on top of the image formed by the distant focus. This defocused image may manifest itself in the form of a ring of light surrounding the in-focus image, and is referred to as a halo. Another area of improvement revolves around the typical bifocality of multifocal lenses. While multifocal ophthalmic lenses typically provide adequate near and far vision, intermediate vision may be compromised.
A lens with an extended range of vision may thus provide certain patients the benefits of good vision at a range of distances, while having reduced or no dysphotopsia. Various techniques for extending the depth of focus of an IOL have been proposed. For example, some approaches are based on a bulls-eye refractive principle, and involve a central zone with a slightly increased power. Other techniques include an asphere or include refractive zones with different refractive zonal powers.
Although certain proposed treatments may provide some benefit to patients in need thereof, further advances would be desirable. For example, it would be desirable to provide improved IOL systems and methods that confer enhanced image quality across a wide and extended range of foci without dysphotopsia. Embodiments of the present invention provide solutions that address the problems described above, and hence provide answers to at least some of these outstanding needs.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs with a first surface and a second surface disposed about an optical axis, and a diffractive profile imposed on one of the first surface or the second surface. The diffractive profile consists of a plurality of echelettes arranged around the optical axis, having a profile in r-squared space. The echelettes may be non-repeating over the optical zone considered for vision.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs including an optic having a first surface and a second surface each disposed about an optical axis and extending radially outward from the optical axis to an outer periphery of the optic. The first surface faces opposite the second surface and joins to the second surface at the outer periphery of the optic. A diffractive profile is imposed on the first surface and includes a plurality of echelettes. At least one of the plurality of echelettes does not repeat on the first surface between the optical axis and the outer periphery of the optic.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs having an optical surface disposed about an optical axis, the optical surface including a central zone extending radially outward from the optical axis to a radial distance of 1.5 millimeters. A diffractive profile is imposed on the optical surface, and includes a plurality of echelettes disposed on the central zone. At least one of the plurality of echelettes does not repeat on the central zone. In one embodiment, the central zone may extend to a radial distance of 2.5 millimeters. In one embodiment, the central zone may extend outward from the optical axis to a radial distance of 0.5 millimeters from the outer periphery of the optic.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs including an optic having a first surface and a second surface each disposed about an optical axis and extending radially outward from the optical axis to an outer periphery of the optic. The first surface faces opposite the second surface and joins to the second surface at the outer periphery of the optic. A diffractive profile is imposed on the first surface and includes a plurality of echelettes. At least one of the plurality of echelettes has a profile in r-squared space that is different than a profile in r-squared space of any other echelette that is disposed on the first surface between the optical axis and the outer periphery of the optic.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs having an optical surface disposed about an optical axis, the optical surface including a central zone extending radially outward from the optical axis to a radial distance of 1.5 millimeters. A diffractive profile is imposed on the optical surface, and includes a plurality of echelettes disposed on the central zone. At least one of the plurality of echelettes on the central zone has a profile in r-squared space that is different than a profile in r-squared space of any other echelette that is on the central zone. In one embodiment, the central zone may extend to a radial distance of 2.5 millimeters. In one embodiment, the central zone may extend outward from the optical axis to a radial distance of 0.5 millimeters from the outer periphery of the optic.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs with a first surface and a second surface disposed about an optical axis, and a diffractive profile imposed on one of the first surface or the second surface. The diffractive profile may include a central zone, a peripheral zone, and an intermediate zone positioned between the central zone and the peripheral zone. At least one of the three zones may include a set of echelettes that is non-repeating.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs in which at least one echelette is not repeated in an adjacent echelette, and the at least one echelette is not part of a repeating set of at least two echelettes.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs with an optical surface disposed about an optical axis and a diffractive profile imposed on the optical surface, and including a plurality of echelettes. One of the plurality of echelettes is repeated on the optical surface, does not form part of a set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface, and is not repeated in any adjacent echelette.
Embodiments herein described include IOLs with an optical surface disposed about an optical axis and a diffractive profile imposed on the optical surface, and including a plurality of echelettes. At least two adjacent echelettes of the plurality of echelettes form a set of echelettes. The set does not form part of a greater set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface, is repeated on the optical surface to form one or more multiples of the set on the optical surface, and is separated from each of the one or more multiples of the set by at least one echelette.
Embodiments herein described also include manufacturing systems for making an ophthalmic lens. Such manufacturing system can include an input that accepts an ophthalmic lens prescription for a patient eye. A first module is configured to generate a diffractive profile based on the ophthalmic lens prescription. The diffractive profile includes a plurality of echelettes disposed on an optical surface. At least one of the plurality of echelettes does not repeat on the optical surface within an evaluation aperture. The manufacturing system includes a manufacturing assembly that fabricates the ophthalmic lens based on the diffractive profile.
Manufacturing system embodiments may include an input that accepts an ophthalmic lens prescription for a patient eye. A first module is configured to generate a diffractive profile based on the ophthalmic lens prescription. The diffractive profile includes a plurality of echelettes disposed on an optical surface. One of the plurality of echelettes is repeated on the optical surface, does not form part of a set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface, and is not repeated in any adjacent echelette. The manufacturing system includes a manufacturing assembly that fabricates the ophthalmic lens based on the diffractive profile.
Manufacturing system embodiments may include an input that accepts an ophthalmic lens prescription for a patient eye. A first module is configured to generate a diffractive profile based on the ophthalmic lens prescription. The diffractive profile includes a plurality of echelettes disposed on an optical surface. At least two adjacent echelettes of the plurality of echelettes form a set of echelettes. The set does not form part of a greater set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface, is repeated on the optical surface to form one or more multiples of the set on the optical surface, and is separated from each of the one or more multiples of the set by at least one echelette. The manufacturing system includes a manufacturing assembly that fabricates the ophthalmic lens based on the diffractive profile.
Embodiments herein described also include methods of designing an intraocular lens. Such methods can include defining an evaluation aperture for an optic and a diffractive profile and generating a diffractive lens surface based on the diffractive profile. The diffractive profile may include a plurality of echelettes disposed on an optical surface of the optic. At least one of the plurality of echelettes does not repeat on the optical surface within the evaluation aperture.
Embodiments herein described may also include methods of designing an intraocular lens. Such methods can include defining a diffractive profile and generating a diffractive lens surface based on the diffractive profile. The diffractive profile may include a plurality of echelettes disposed on an optical surface. One of the plurality of echelettes is repeated on the optical surface, does not form part of a set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface, and is not repeated in any adjacent echelette.
Embodiments herein described may also include methods of designing an intraocular lens. Such methods can include defining a diffractive profile and generating a diffractive lens surface based on the diffractive profile. The diffractive profile may include a plurality of echelettes disposed on an optical surface. At least two adjacent echelettes of the plurality of echelettes form a set of echelettes. The set does not form part of a greater set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface, is repeated on the optical surface to form one or more multiples of the set on the optical surface, and is separated from each of the one or more multiples of the set by at least one echelette.
Contemporary Lens Shapes and Diffractive Profiles
Each major face of lens 11, including the anterior (front) surface and posterior (back) surface, generally has a refractive profile, e.g. biconvex, plano-convex, plano-concave, meniscus, etc. The two surfaces together, in relation to the properties of the surrounding aqueous humor, cornea, and other optical components of the overall optical system, define the effects of the lens 11 on the imaging performance by eye E. Conventional, monofocal IOLs have a refractive power based on the refractive index of the material from which the lens is made, and also on the curvature or shape of the front and rear surfaces or faces of the lens. One or more support elements may be configured to secure the lens 11 to a patient's eye.
Multifocal lenses may optionally also make special use of the refractive properties of the lens. Such lenses generally include different powers in different regions of the lens so as to mitigate the effects of presbyopia. For example, as shown in
Rather than relying entirely on the refractive properties of the lens, multifocal diffractive IOLs or contact lenses can also have a diffractive power, as illustrated by the IOL 18 shown in
The diffractive profile of a diffractive multifocal lens directs incoming light into a number of diffraction orders. As light 13 enters from the front of the eye, the multifocal lens 18 directs light 13 to form a far field focus 15a on retina 16 for viewing distant objects and a near field focus 15b for viewing objects close to the eye. Depending on the distance from the source of light 13, the focus on retina 16 may be the near field focus 15b instead. Typically, far field focus 15a is associated with 0th diffractive order and near field focus 15b is associated with the 1st diffractive order, although other orders may be used as well.
Bifocal ophthalmic lens 18 typically distributes the majority of light energy into two viewing orders, often with the goal of splitting imaging light energy about evenly (50%:50%), one viewing order corresponding to far vision and one viewing order corresponding to near vision, although typically, some fraction goes to non-viewing orders.
Corrective optics may be provided by phakic IOLs, which can be used to treat patients while leaving the natural lens in place. Phakic IOLs may be angle supported, iris supported, or sulcus supported. The phakic IOL can be placed over the natural crystalline lens or piggy-backed over another IOL. It is also envisioned that the present disclosure may be applied to inlays, onlays, accommodating IOLs, pseudophakic IOLs, other forms of intraocular implants, spectacles, and even laser vision correction.
An evaluation aperture is defined as the aperture at which the performance of the lens is of particular interest. An example of such aperture is an aperture diameter of 3.0 mm. A 3.0 mm pupil diameter is representative for a “medium size” pupil under normal photopic light conditions (Watson A B, Yellott J I. A unified formula for light-adapted pupil size. J Vis 2012; 12:12, 1-16). A 3.0 mm physical pupil is also a standard pupil size for evaluation of IOLs in the ISO standard for IOLs (ISO 11979-2). Another aperture size of special interest is 5.0 mm. A 5.0 mm aperture represents a large pupil, e.g. representing the pupil size under mesopic or scotopic light conditions. A 5.0 mm physical pupil is also a standard pupil size for evaluation of IOLs in the ISO standard for IOLs (ISO 11979-2). Alternatively, an evaluation aperture may consist of an annulus having an inner radius and an outer radius. In other embodiments, alternative sizes of evaluation apertures may be utilized as desired. In one embodiment, the evaluation aperture may extend radially outward from the optical axis to 0.5 millimeters from the outer periphery of the optic.
When fitted onto the eye of a subject or patient, the optical axis of lens 20 is generally aligned with the optical axis of eye E. The curvature of lens 20 gives lens 20 an anterior refractive profile and a posterior refractive profile. Although a diffractive profile may also be imposed on either anterior face 21 and posterior face 22 or both,
The diffractive profile 400, in the form of a sag profile, is shown extending outward from an optical axis 402. The diffractive zones, or echelettes, are shown extending radially outward from the optical axis 402, and would be arranged around the optical axis 402 (the other half of the diffractive profile 400 is not shown). The diffractive profile 400 is shown relative to the Y axis 404, which represents the height or phase shift of the diffractive profile 400. The height is shown in units of micrometers (each hash mark corresponding to one micrometer), and may represent the distance from the base curve of the lens. In other embodiments, other units or scalings may be utilized.
The height or phase shift of the diffractive profile 400 is shown in relation to the radius on the X axis 406 from the optical axis 402. The radius is shown in units of millimeters, although in other embodiments, other units or scalings may be utilized. The diffractive profile 400 may extend outward from the optical axis 402 for an evaluation radius of 1.5 millimeters (corresponding to an evaluation aperture of 3.0 millimeters), although in other embodiments the diffractive profile 400 may extend for a lesser or greater radius. The evaluation aperture may be considered to be a central zone of the optic, extending radially outward from the optical axis 402 to a distance (e.g., 1.5 millimeters). Each of the echelettes 408a-h shown in
In addition, the echelettes may be considered to form sets of echelettes, such as the set 410 shown in
The echelettes 408a-h are each separated from an adjacent echellete by a respective transition zone 412a-g. Each echelette 408a-h has a profile defined by the shape or slope of the respective echelettes and the step height and step offsets (as discussed previously) at the respective adjacent transition zones (at the leading and trailing edge of each echelette). Each of the echelettes 408a-h shown in
The size and shape of the evaluation aperture may be varied as desired. For instance,
Each of the echelettes 508a-k shown in
In addition, similar to the embodiment shown in
The echelettes 508a-k are each separated from an adjacent echellete by a respective transition zone 512a-j. Each of the echelettes 508a-k shown in
In both embodiments of
Within the scope of this disclosure, in embodiments, at least one echelette may repeat within the evaluation radius (and accordingly within the evaluation aperture). In addition, in embodiments, at least one echelette may repeat outside of the evaluation radius (and accordingly outside of the evaluation aperture).
In this embodiment, each of the echelettes 608a-f within the evaluation radius do not repeat over the evaluation radius (and accordingly do not repeat over the entire evaluation aperture). Similar to the embodiments discussed in regard to
In addition, similar to the embodiment shown in
The echelettes 608a-f are each separated from an adjacent echellete by a respective transition zone 618a-f. Each of the echelettes 608a-f has a different profile than the other echelettes 608a-f on the evaluation aperture both in linear space and in r-squared space (discussed previously). The echelettes 610a-c are also each separated from an adjacent echellete by a respective transition zone 620a-c and 618f. Each of the echelettes 610a-c shown in
In one embodiment, a repeating set may be provided on the central zone 714.
The echelettes 710a-c are also each separated from an adjacent echellete by a respective transition zone 720a-c and 618f. Each of the sets 718a-e shown in
Alternatively,
The diffractive profile 800 is shown relative to the Y axis 804, which represents the height or phase shift of the diffractive profile 800. The height is shown as a relative scaling of the heights of the echelettes 802a-e, and may represent the relative distance from the base curve of the lens. In other embodiments, other units or scalings may be utilized. The height or phase shift of the diffractive profile 800 is shown in relation to the square of the radial distance (r2 or ρ), on the X axis 806, from the optical axis 808 (r-squared space).
The echelette 802b is not repeated in adjacent echelettes 802a, 802c. Echelette 802e is also not repeated in any adjacent echelette 802d. Echelette 802b and its repeated, or multiple, echelette 802e are separated by two echelettes 802c, 802d.
The echelette 802b does not form part of a set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface upon which it is disposed. A set of adjacent echlettes would include two or more adjacent echelettes. For example, echelette 802b in combination with adjacent echelette 802a does not form a set of echelettes that repeats on the optical surface. Echelette 802b in combination with adjacent echelette 802c does not form a set of echelettes that repeats on the optical surface. A combination of echelette 802b with both echelettes 802a and 802c, or also with echelettes 802d and 802e, also do not form a set of echelettes that repeats on the optical surface. Accordingly, repeated echelette 802b does not form part of a set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface upon which it is disposed. In contrast, echelette 710c shown in
The echelettes 802a-e are each separated from an adjacent echellete by a respective transition zone 810a-d. Each of the echelettes 802a-d has a different profile than each of the other echelettes 802a-d both in linear space and in r-squared space (discussed previously). The echelettes 802b and 802e, however, have a same profile in r-squared space, as is visible in
The echelette 802b may be repeated once on the optical surface upon which it is disposed, as shown in
The diffractive profile 800 includes three echelettes 802a, 802c, 802d, that do not repeat on the optical surface. In other embodiments, a greater or lesser number of echelettes that do not repeat on the optical surface may be provided (at least one non-repeating echelette). In one embodiment, echelettes that do repeat on the optical surface adjacent to each other may be provided. In one embodiment, one or more repeating sets of at least two echelettes may be provided, and the sets may be adjacent to each other.
In certain embodiments, the diffractive profile 800, or the configuration of echelettes discussed in regard to
The diffractive profile 900 is shown relative to the Y axis 904, which represents the height or phase shift of the diffractive profile 900. The height is shown as a relative scaling of the heights of the echelettes 902a-f, and may represent the relative distance from the base curve of the lens. In other embodiments, other units or scalings may be utilized. The height or phase shift of the diffractive profile 900 is shown in relation to the square of the radial distance (r2 or p), on the X axis 906, from the optical axis 908 (r-squared space).
The echelette 902a is not repeated in adjacent echelette 902b. Echelette 902e is also not repeated in any adjacent echelette 902d, 902f. Echelette 902a and its repeated, or multiple, echelette 902e are separated by three echelettes 902b-d.
As discussed in regard to the embodiment of
The echelettes 902a-f are each separated from an adjacent echellete by a respective transition zone 910a-e. Each of the echelettes 902b-d and 902f, has a different profile than each of the other echelettes 902a-f both in linear space and in r-squared space (discussed previously). The echelettes 902a and 902e, however, have a same profile in r-squared space, as is visible in
The configuration of echelettes shown in
The diffractive profile 1000 is shown relative to the Y axis 1006, which represents the height or phase shift of the diffractive profile 1000. The height is shown as a relative scaling of the heights of the echelettes 1004a-f, and may represent the relative distance from the base curve of the lens. In other embodiments, other units or scalings may be utilized. The height or phase shift of the diffractive profile 1000 is shown in relation to the square of the radial distance (r2 or ρ), on the X axis 1008, from the optical axis 1010 (r-squared space).
The set 1002a is not repeated in adjacent echelettes 1004a, 1004d, or in any adjacent set of echelettes. The set 1002b is not repeated in adjacent echelette 1004d, and is also not repeated in any adjacent set of echelettes.
The set 1002a of echelettes 1004b, 1004c does not form part of greater set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface. A greater set of adjacent echelettes would comprise a set of adjacent echelettes with a greater number of echelettes than set 1002a, and that also includes set 1002a. For example, set 1002a includes two adjacent echelettes 1004b and 1004c, and a greater set of adjacent echelettes would then include one or more additional adjacent echelettes (totaling a set with three or more adjacent echelettes). Notably, set 1002a is adjacent echelette 1004a. Set 1002a in combination with adjacent echelette 1004a does not form a greater set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface. Set 1002a is adjacent echelette 1004d. Set 1002a in combination with adjacent echelette 1004d does not form a greater set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface. A combination of set 1002a with both echelettes 1004a and 1004d, or also with echelettes 1004e and 1004f, also do not form a greater set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface. In contrast, the embodiment shown in
The set 1002a shown in
The set 1002a shown in
The set 1002a shown in
The echelettes 1004a-f are each separated from an adjacent echellete by a respective transition zone 1012a-e. Each of the echelettes 1004a, 1004d, 1004f has a different profile than each of the other echelettes 1004a-f both in linear space and in r-squared space (discussed previously). The echelettes 1004b and 1004e have the same profile in r-squared space, as is visible in
In one embodiment, one or more sets of at least two adjacent echelettes may repeat on the optical surface to form one or more multiples of the respective set on the optical surface, each without forming part of a greater set of adjacent echelettes that repeats on the optical surface, and each being separated from each of the one or more multiples of the respective set by at least one echelette.
The diffractive profile 1000 includes two echelettes 1004a, 1004d, that do not repeat on the optical surface. In other embodiments, a greater or lesser number of echelettes that do not repeat on the optical surface may be provided (at least one non-repeating echelette). In one embodiment, echelettes that do repeat on the optical surface adjacent to each other may be provided. In one embodiment, one or more repeating sets of at least two echelettes may be provided, and the sets may be adjacent to each other.
In certain embodiments, the diffractive profile 1000, or the configuration of echelettes discussed in regard to
Referring now to the embodiments disclosed in this application (and not solely to the embodiments of
The diffractive profiles disclosed herein may result in a diffractive profile producing an extended range of vision for the patient.
In one embodiment, a diffractive profile may be positioned on a surface of a lens that is opposite an aspheric surface. The aspheric surface on the opposite side of the lens may be designed to reduce corneal spherical aberration of the patient.
In one embodiment, one or both surface may be aspherical, or include a refractive surface designed to extend the depth of focus, or create multifocality.
In one embodiment, a refractive zone on one or both surfaces, that may the same size or different in size as one of the diffractive zones. The refractive zone includes a refractive surface designed to extend the depth of focus, or create multifocality.
Any of the embodiments of lens profiles discussed herein may be apodized to produce a desired result. The apodization may result in the step heights and step offsets of the echelettes and the sets being varied according to the apodization. The apodized echelettes and the sets however, are still considered to be repeating over the optic of the lens.
The size and shape of the evaluation aperture may be varied as desired. In one embodiment, the evaluation aperture may extend to the entire optical zone of the lens. In one embodiment, the evaluation aperture may comprise an annulus disposed about the optical axis.
Systems and Methods for Determining Lens Shape:
The system 1100 includes a user input module 1102 configured to receive user input defining aspects of the user and of a lens. The user input may also comprise a size and shape of a desired evaluation aperture. Aspects of a lens may include a diffractive lens prescription, which may comprise a multifocal lens prescription, anatomical dimensions like a pupil size performance, and lens dimensions, among other attributes. A lens prescription can include, for example, a preferred optical power or optical power profile for correcting far vision and an optical power or optical power profile for near vision. In some cases, a lens prescription can further include an optical power or optical power profile for correcting intermediate vision at two, or in some cases more than two intermediate foci, which may fall between the optical powers or ranges of optical powers described above. A pupil size performance can include a pupil radius of a patient and the visual field to be optimized. These parameters can also be related to patient's life style or profession, so that the design incorporates patient's visual needs as a function of the pupil size. Lens dimensions can include a preferred radius of the total lens, and may further include preferred thickness, or a preferred curvature of one or the other of the anterior surface and posterior surface of the lens.
A diffractive surface modeling module 1104 can receive information about the desired lens from the user input module 1102, and can determine aspects of a multizonal lens. For example, the modeling module 1104 can determine the shape of one or more echelettes of the diffractive profile of a diffractive multifocal lens, including the positioning, width, step height, and curvature needed to fulfill the multifocal prescription for each subset of the echelettes, as well as the positioning of each subset of echelettes. The multizonal diffractive surface modeling module 1104 can further determine the shapes of transition steps between echelettes. For example, transition steps may be smoothed or rounded to help mitigate optical aberrations caused by light passing through an abrupt transition. Such transition zone smoothing, which may be referred to as a low scatter profile, can provide for reductions in dysphotopsia by reducing the errant concentration of incident light behind the lens by the transition zones. By way of further example, echelette ordering, echelette offsets, and echelette boundaries may be adjusted to adjust the step heights between some adjacent echelettes.
The diffractive surface modeling module 1104 can be configured to generate performance criteria 1112, e.g. via modeling optical properties in a virtual environment. Performance criteria can include the match of the optical power profile of the multizonal lens with the desired optical power profile based on the extended range of vision prescription. The performance criteria can also include the severity of diffractive aberrations caused by lens surface. In some cases, the diffractive surface modeling module 1104 can provide a lens surface to a lens fabrication module for facilitating the production of a physical lens, which can be tested via a lens testing module 1110 for empirically determining the performance criteria 1112, so as to identify optical aberrations and imperfections not readily discerned via virtual modeling, and to permit iteration.
A refractive surface modeling module 1106 can receive information from the user input 1102 and diffractive surface modeling modules 1104 in order to determine refractive aspects of the lens. For example, provided with an extended range of vision prescription and a set of add powers that can be generated by a diffractive profile, the refractive surface modeling module 1106 can provide a refractive geometry configured to provide a base power which, when combined with the diffractive surface, meets the requirements of the multifocal lens prescription. The refractive surface modeling module 1106 can also generate performance criteria 1112, and can contribute to providing a lens surface to a lens fabrication module 1108 for facilitating the production of the physical lens.
The process 1200 includes receiving an input indicative of a diffractive lens prescription (act 1202). The input can include, e.g., a desired optical power profile for correcting impaired distance vision, a desired optical power profile for correcting impaired intermediate distance vision, a desired optical power profile for accommodating near vision, and any suitable combination of the above. The process 1200 may also include defining an evaluation aperture for an optic (act 1204). Based on a desired optical power profile and the size and shape of the evaluation aperture. The generated diffractive profile may include a plurality of echelettes disposed on an optical surface of the optic (act 1206). At least one of the plurality of echelettes may not repeat on the optical surface within the evaluation aperture (act 1208).
The diffractive lens profile of the multizonal diffractive lens surface may be used in combination with a known refractive base power. To that end, a refractive lens surface may be generated having a base power that, in combination with the diffractive lens surface, meets the diffractive lens prescription (act 1210). A total lens surface can be generated based on both the refractive lens surface and the diffractive lens surface (act 1212). The refractive lens surface can include a refractive lens curvature on the anterior surface of the lens, the posterior surface of the lens, or both. Instructions can be generated to fabricate an intraocular lens based on the generated total lens surface (act 1214).
Computational Methods:
User interface input devices 1362 may include a keyboard, pointing devices such as a mouse, trackball, touch pad, or graphics tablet, a scanner, foot pedals, a joystick, a touchscreen incorporated into the display, audio input devices such as voice recognition systems, microphones, and other types of input devices. User input devices 1362 will often be used to download a computer executable code from a tangible storage media embodying any of the methods of the present disclosure. In general, use of the term “input device” is intended to include a variety of conventional and proprietary devices and ways to input information into computer system 1322.
User interface output devices 1364 may include a display subsystem, a printer, a fax machine, or non-visual displays such as audio output devices. The display subsystem may be a cathode ray tube (CRT), a flat-panel device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projection device, or the like. The display subsystem may also provide a non-visual display such as via audio output devices. In general, use of the term “output device” is intended to include a variety of conventional and proprietary devices and ways to output information from computer system 1322 to a user.
Storage subsystem 1356 can store the basic programming and data constructs that provide the functionality of the various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a database and modules implementing the functionality of the methods of the present disclosure, as described herein, may be stored in storage subsystem 1356. These software modules are generally executed by processor 1352. In a distributed environment, the software modules may be stored on a plurality of computer systems and executed by processors of the plurality of computer systems. Storage subsystem 1356 typically comprises memory subsystem 1358 and file storage subsystem 1360. Memory subsystem 1358 typically includes a number of memories including a main random access memory (RAM) 1370 for storage of instructions and data during program execution.
Various computational methods discussed above, e.g. with respect to generating a multizonal lens surface, may be performed in conjunction with or using a computer or other processor having hardware, software, and/or firmware. The various method steps may be performed by modules, and the modules may comprise any of a wide variety of digital and/or analog data processing hardware and/or software arranged to perform the method steps described herein. The modules optionally comprising data processing hardware adapted to perform one or more of these steps by having appropriate machine programming code associated therewith, the modules for two or more steps (or portions of two or more steps) being integrated into a single processor board or separated into different processor boards in any of a wide variety of integrated and/or distributed processing architectures. These methods and systems will often employ a tangible media embodying machine-readable code with instructions for performing the method steps described above. Suitable tangible media may comprise a memory (including a volatile memory and/or a non-volatile memory), a storage media (such as a magnetic recording on a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape, or the like; on an optical memory such as a CD, a CD-R/W, a CD-ROM, a DVD, or the like; or any other digital or analog storage media), or the like.
This application claims priority to, and the benefit of, under U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 62/527,720, filed on Jun. 30, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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