Patent Grant
7432036
The present invention relates to a material of expressing a non-linear optical effect, more specifically, the present invention relates to a non-linear optical material having a large non-resonant two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area and ensuring a high emission efficiency from the excited state resultant of non-resonant two-photon absorption.
In general, the non-linear optical effect means a non-linear optical response proportional to the square, cube or higher power of photoelectric field applied. Known examples of the secondary non-linear optical effect proportional to the square of photoelectric field applied include second harmonic generation (SHG), optical rectification, photorefractive effect, Pockels effect, parametric amplification, parametric oscillation, light sum frequency mixing and light difference frequency mixing. Examples of the ternary non-linear optical effect include third harmonic generation (THG), optical Kerr effect, self-induced refractive index change and two-photon absorption.
As the non-linear optical material of exhibiting these non-linear optical effects, a large number of inorganic materials have been heretofore found. However, inorganic materials can be hardly used in practice because so-called molecular design so as to optimize desired non-linear optical characteristics or various properties necessary for the production of a device is difficult. On the other hand, organic compounds can realize not only optimization of desired non-linear optical characteristics by the molecular design but also control of other various properties and therefore, the probability of its practical use is high. Thus, organic compounds are attracting attention as a promising non-linear optical material.
In recent years, among non-linear optical characteristics of the organic compound, ternary non-linear optical effects, particularly, non-resonant two-photon absorption and non-resonant two-photon emission, are being taken notice of. The two-photon absorption is a phenomenon such that a compound is excited by simultaneously absorbing two photons. In the case where the two-photon absorption occurs in the energy region having no (linear) absorption band of the compound, this is called resonant two-photon absorption. The non-resonant two-photon emission means emission generated by an excited molecule resultant of the non-resonant two-photon absorption in the radiation inactivation process of the excited state. In the following, even when not particularly specified, two-photon absorption and two-photon emission indicate non-resonant two-photon absorption and non-resonant two-photon emission, respectively.
The non-resonant two-photon absorption efficiency is proportional to the square of photoelectric field applied (square-law characteristic of two-photon absorption). Therefore, when a laser is irradiated on a two-dimensional plane, two-photon absorption takes place only in the position having a high electric field strength at the center part of laser spot and utterly no two-photon absorption occurs in the portion having a weak electric field strength in the periphery. On the other hand, in a three-dimensional space, two-photon absorption occurs only in the region having a large electric field strength at the focus where the laser rays are converged through a lens, and two-photon absorption does not take place at all in the off-focus region because the electric field strength is weak. As compared with the linear absorption where excitation occurs in all positions proportionally to the strength of photoelectric field applied, in the non-resonant two-photon absorption, excitation occurs only at one point inside the space by virtue of the square-law characteristic and therefore, the space resolution is remarkably enhanced. Usually, in the case of inducing non-resonant two-photon absorption, a short pulse laser in the near infrared region having a wavelength longer than the wavelength region where the (linear) absorption band of a compound is present, and not having the absorption of the compound is used in many cases. Since a near infrared ray in a so-called transparent region where the (linear) absorption band of a compound is not present is used, the excitation light can reach the inside of a sample without being absorbed or scattered and one point inside the sample can be excited with very high space resolution due to the square-law characteristic of non-resonant two-photon absorption. Therefore, application of the non-resonant two-photon absorption and non-resonant two-photon emission to two-photon contrasting of a living organism or two-photon photodynamic therapy is being expected. Furthermore, when non-resonant two-photon absorption and two-photon emission is used, a photon having an energy higher than the energy of incident photon can be taken out, therefore, in view of a wavelength converting device, studies on up-conversion lasing are also reported. In addition, application of the two-photon absorbing compound to three-dimensional optical recording medium, three-dimensional display, three-dimensional stereolithography and the like is also expected.
As the organic compound of undergoing two-photon emission or up-conversion lasing with good efficiency, so-called stilbazolium derivatives are known (see, G. S. He, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 3703 (1995), G. S. He, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 2433 (1995), G. S. He, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, 3549 (1996), G. S. He, et al., J. Appl. Phys., 81, 2529 (1997), P. N. Prasad, et al., Nonlinear Optics, 21, 39 (1999), Y. Ren, et al., J. Mater. Chem., 10, 2025 (2000), G. Zhou, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40, 1250 (2001), and M. Albota, et al., Science, Vol. 281, page 1653 (1998). Furthermore, various applications using the two-photon emission of a stilbazolium compound having a specific structure are described in W097/09043.
In the case of applying the non-resonant two-photon emission to contrasting of a living organism, photodynamic therapy, up-conversion lasing or the like, the two-photon absorption efficiency (two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area) of the organic compound used and the emission efficiency from the excited state resultant of the two-photon absorption must be high. In order to obtain 2-fold two-photon emission intensity by using the same organic compound, 4-fold excitation light intensity is necessary due to the square-law characteristic of two-photon absorption. However, irradiation of excessively strong laser light highly probably incurs, for example, photo-damage of a living organism or photo-deterioration of the two-photon emitting dye itself and therefore, this is not preferred. Accordingly, in order to obtain strong two-photon emission with weak excitation light intensity, an organic compound of efficiently undergoing two-photon absorption and two-photon emission must be developed. The two-photon emission efficiency of stilbazolium derivatives cannot fully satisfy the performance in practical uses.
With recent progress of the advanced information society, a three-dimensional optical recording medium is abruptly attracting an attention as an ultimate high-density, high-capacity recording medium. In the three-dimensional optical recording medium, bit recording is superposed in tens or hundreds of layers in the three-dimensional (thickness) direction to achieve super high-density and super high-capacity recording as large as tens or hundreds of times conventional two-dimensional recording mediums. In order to provide a three-dimensional optical recording medium, access and writing must be performed at an arbitrary position in the three-dimensional (thickness) direction and as a technique therefor, a method of using a two-photon absorbing material is effective.
In the medical field, a three-dimensional display or three-dimensional stereolithography of enabling many persons to observe a natural solid without spectacles is demanded so as to apply a more adequate therapy to a three-dimensionally intricate site such as brain or ear. As a promising material therefor, a three-dimensional volume display or three-dimensional stereolithography composition using two-photon absorption is expected.
However, for practically using the three-dimensional optical recording medium, three-dimensional volume display or stereolithography composition, a high-speed recording technique is necessary. Since the recording speed is proportional to the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area, if a known two-photon absorbing compound having a low two-photon absorption efficiency is used, a practical material or system cannot be provided. Under these circumstances, development of a compound having a very large two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area is keenly demanded.
As described above, use of non-resonant two-photon absorption and non-resonant two-photon emission enables various applications characterized by very high space resolution. However, two-photon emitting compounds usable at present are low in the two-photon absorbing ability and also bad in the two-photon emission efficiency and therefore, a very high-output laser is necessary as an excitation light source of inducing two-photon absorption and two-photon emission.
An object of the present invention is to provide an organic material capable of absorbing two photons with good efficiency, namely, an organic material having a large two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area, and also provide an organic material capable of exhibiting two-photon emission having a large emission intensity.
The present inventors have made extensive investigations, as a result, the object of the present invention can be attained by the following techniques.
1. A non-resonant two-photon absorbing material comprising a methine dye undergoing a non-resonant two-photon absorption.
2. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 1, wherein the methine dye is at least one selected from the group consisting of a cyanine dye, a merocyanine dye and an oxonol dye.
3. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 2, wherein the cyanine dye, the merocyanine dye and the oxonol dye are represented by the following formulae (1), (2) and (3), respectively:
4. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 3, wherein na1, na2 and na3 all represent 0.
5. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 2 or 3, wherein the cyanine dye, the merocyanine dye and the oxonol dye are represented by the following formulae (4), (5) and (6), respectively:
wherein in formula (4), Ra1 and Ra2, Ma3 to Ma5, ka1, CI and y have the same meanings as in the formula (1), X1 and X2 each independently represents —O—, —S—, —NR3—or —CR4R5—, R3, R4 and R5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, R1 and R2 each independently represents a substituent, and a1 and a2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4, provided that when a1 and a2 each is 2 or more, multiple R1s may be the same or different and may combine with each other to form a ring and multiple R2s may be the same or different and may combine with each other to form a ring;
in formula (5), X1, R3, R4, R5, R1 and a1 have the same meanings as in the formula (4), and Ma10, Ma11, Ra3, Za4, ka2, CI and y have the same meanings as in the formula (2), provided that when al is 2 or more, multiple R1s may be the same or different and may combine with each other to form a ring; and
in formula (6), Ma12 to Ma14, ka3, CI and y have the same meanings as in the formula (3), X11, and X12 each independently represents either O or S, and R11 to R14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
6. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 3 to 5, wherein ka1 and ka3 each is an integer of 0 to 2 and ka2 is an integer
wherein Za1, Za2 and Za3 each represents an atomic group for forming a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, Za4, Za5 and Za6 each represents an atomic group for forming a 5- or 6-membered ring, Ra1, Ra2 and Ra3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, Ma1 to Ma14 each independently represents a methine group, which may have a substituent or may form a ring together with another methine group, na1, na2 and na3 each represents 0 or 1, ka1 and ka3 each represents an integer of 0 to 3, provided that when ka1 is 2 or more, multiple Ma3s may be the same or different and multiple Ma4s may be the same or different and when ka3 is 2 or more, multiple Ma12s may be the same or different and multiple Ma13s may be the same or different, ka2 represents an integer of 0 to 8, provided that when ka2 is 2 or more, multiple Ma10s may be the same or different and multiple Ma11, may be the same or different, CI represents an ion for neutralizing the electric charge, and y represents a number necessary for the neutralization of electric charge. of 0 to 4.
7. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 6, wherein ka1 and ka3 each is 1 or 2 and ka2 is an integer of 1 to 3.
8. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 3 to 7, wherein Ra1, Ra2 and Ra3 all represent an alkyl group.
9. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 5 to 8, wherein R3, R4 and R5 all represent an alkyl group.
10. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 5 to 9, wherein X1 and X2 in formula (4) each independently represents —O—, —NR3— or —CR4R5—.
11. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 10, wherein at least one of X1 and X2 represents —O— or —NR3—.
12. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 11, wherein at least one of X1 and X2 represents —O—.
13. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 12, wherein X1 and X2 both represent —O—.
14. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 5 to 13, wherein in formulae (4) and (5), a1 and a2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.
15. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 5 to 14, wherein in formulae (4) and (5), R1 and R2 each is substituted at the 5-position (respective para-positions of X1 and X2) on the benzene ring.
16. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 5 to 15, wherein in formula (4), R1 and R2 each independently represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a sulfo group, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyrrole group.
17. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 16, wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a sulfo group, a methyl group or a phenyl group.
18. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 16, wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.
19. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 18, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 represents a chlorine atom.
20. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in (19), wherein R1 and R2 both are a chlorine atom.
21. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 20, wherein X1 and X2 both represent —O—, R1 and R2 both represent a chlorine atom, and a1 and a2 both represent 1, in which R1 and R2 each are substituted at the 5-position on the benzene ring.
22. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 5 to 9, 14 and 15, wherein in formula (5), X1 each independently represents —O—, —S— or —CR4R5—.
23. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 3 to 9, 14, 15 and 22, wherein in the formulae (2), (3) and (5), the ring formed by Za4, Za5 or Za6 each is 2-pyrazolon-5-one, pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, rhodanine, indane-1,3-dione, thiophen-3-one, thiophen-3-one-1,1-dioxide, 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid or coumarin-2,4-dione.
24. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 23, wherein in formulae (2) and (5), the ring formed by Za4 is pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, indane-1,3-dione, 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, barbituric acid or 2-thiobarbituric acid.
25. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 24, wherein the ring formed by Za4 is pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, barbituric acid or 2-thiobarbituric acid.
26. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in the item 25, wherein the ring formed by Za4 is 2-thiobarbituric acid.
27. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 3 to 7, wherein in formula (3), the rings formed by Za5 and Za6 each is barbituric acid or 2-thiobarbituric acid.
28. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 5 to 7 and 27, wherein in formula (6), X11 and X12 both represent O.
29. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 5 to 7, 27 and 28, wherein in formula (6), R11 to R14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.
30. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 3 to 29, wherein in formulae (1) to (6), Ma1 to Ma14 each independently represents an unsubstituted methine group, a methyl-substituted methine group or an ethyl-substituted methine group.
31. A non-resonant two-photon absorbing material comprising a non-resonant two-photon absorbing compound undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption in the intermolecular aggregation state.
32. A non-resonant two-photon absorbing material comprising a non-resonant two-photon absorbing compound represented by any one of the formulae (1) to (6), the non-resonant two-photon absorbing compound undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption in the intermolecular aggregation state.
33. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 1 to 32, wherein the non-resonant two-photon absorbing compound has a two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area δ of 1,000 GM or more.
34. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 1 to 32, wherein the non-resonant two-photon absorbing compound has a two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area δ of 10,000 GM or more.
35. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 1 to 32, wherein the non-resonant two-photon absorbing compound has a two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area δ of 30,000 GM or more.
36. The non-resonant two-photon absorbing material as described in any one of the items 1 to 32, wherein the non-resonant two-photon absorbing compound has a two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area δ of 60,000 GM or more.
37. A non-resonant two-photon emitting material comprising the non-resonant two-photon emitting dye described in any one of the items 1 to 36, wherein the non-resonant two-photon emitting dye undergoes a two-photon emitting.
38. A method for inducing a non-resonant two-photon absorption, which comprises irradiating the dye undergoing a non-resonant two-photon absorption described in any one of the items 1 to 37 with a laser ray having a wavelength longer than the linear absorption band of the dye to induce a two-photon absorption.
39. A method for inducing a non-resonant two-photon absorption, which comprises irradiating the dye undergoing a non-resonant two-photon absorption described in any one of the items 1 to 38 with a laser ray having a wavelength longer than the linear absorption band of the dye and present in the range of 400 to 1,000 nm to induce a two-photon absorption.
40. A method for inducing a non-resonant two-photon absorption, which comprises irradiating the dye undergoing a non-resonant two-photon absorption described in any one of the items 1 to 38 with a laser ray having a wavelength longer than the linear absorption band of the dye and present in the range of 400 to 800 nm to induce a two-photon absorption.
41. A method for generating an emission, comprising irradiating the dye undergoing a non-resonant two-photon absorption described in the item 37 with a laser ray having a wavelength longer than the linear absorption band of the dye to induce a two-photon absorption and generate an emission.
42. An optical recording medium comprising the non-resonant two-photon absorbing material described in any one of the items 1 to 41.
43. A three-dimensional optical recording medium comprising the non-resonant two-photon absorbing material described in any one of the items 1 to 41.
44. A three-dimensional volume display comprising the non-resonant two-photon absorbing material described in any one of the items 1 to 41.
45. A three-dimensional stereolithography comprising the non-resonant two-photon absorbing material described in any one of the items 1 to 41.
The compound of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention is described in detail below.
In the present invention, when a specific moiety is called “a group”, unless otherwise indicated, this means that the group may or may not be substituted by one or more (up to the maximum possible number) substituent. For example, “an alkyl group” means a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. The substituent which can be used in the compound for use in the present invention may be any substituent.
In the present invention, when a specific moiety is called “a ring” or when “a ring” is contained in “a group”, unless otherwise indicated, the ring may be a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring or may or may not be substituted.
For example, “an aryl group” may be a phenyl group or a naphthyl group or may be a substituted phenyl group.
The methine dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention is described below.
Incidentally, the dye as used in the present invention is a generic term of compounds having a part of the absorption in the ultraviolet region (200 to 400 nm), visible region (400 to 700 nm) and/or near infrared region (700 to 2,000 nm).
Examples of the methine dye for use in the present invention include cyanine dyes, hemicyanine dyes, strepto-cyanine dyes, styryl dyes, merocyanine dyes, trinuclear merocyanine dyes, tetranuclear merocyanine dyes, rhodacyanine dyes, complex cyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, allopolar dyes, oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, squalium dyes, arylidene dyes and polyene dyes.
Among these methine dyes, preferred in the present invention are cyanine dyes, hemicyanine dyes, strepto-cyanine dyes, styryl dyes, merocyanine dyes, oxonol dyes, squalium dyes and arylidene dyes, more preferred are cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes and oxonol dyes, and most preferred are cyanine dyes.
These dyes are described in detail, for example, in F. M. Harmer, Heterocyclic Compounds-Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London (1964), D. M. Sturmer, Heterocyclic Compounds-Special topics in heterocyclic chemistry, Chap. 18, Section 14, pp. 482-515, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London (1977), and Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, 2nd ed., Vol. IV, Part B, Chap. 15, pp. 369-422, Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc., New York (1977).
Specific examples of the cyanine, merocyanine and oxonol dyes include those described in F. M. Harmer, Heterocyclic Compounds-Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London (1964).
As for the formulae of the cyanine and merocyanine dyes, formulae (XI) and (XII) described at pages 21 and 22 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,340,694 are preferred (however, the numbers represented by n12 and n15 are not limited and each is an integer of 0 or more (preferably 4 or less)).
The methine dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention is preferably a cyanine dye, merocyanine dye or an oxonol dye.
The methine dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention is more preferably a cyanine dye represented by formula (1).
In formula (1), Za1 and Za2 each represents an atomic group for forming a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. Preferred examples of the 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring formed include oxazole nuclei having a carbon number (hereinafter referred to as “a C number”) of 3 to 25 (e.g., 2-3-methyloxazolyl, 2-3-ethyloxazolyl, 2-3,4-diethyloxazolyl, 2-3-methylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-ethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfoethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-methylthioethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-methoxyethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfobutylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-methyl-β-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-methyl-α-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropyl-β-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropyl-γ-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-(3-naphthoxyethyl)-benzoxazolyl, 2-3,5-dimethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-6-chloro-3-methylbenzoxazolyl, 2-5-bromo-3-methylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-ethyl-5-methoxybenzoxazolyl, 2-5-phenyl-3-sulfopropyl-benzoxazolyl, 2-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-sulfobutylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-dimethyl-5,6-dimethylthiobenzoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropyl-oxazoly, 2-3-sulfopropyl-γ-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-ethyl-α-naphthoxazolyl, 2-5-chloro-4-ethyl-α-naphthoxazolyl, 2-5-chloro-3-ethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-5-chloro-3-sulfopropylbenzoxazolyl, 2-5,6-dichloro-3-sulfopropylbenzoxazolyl, 2-5-bromo-3-sulfopropylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-ethyl-5-phenylbenzoxazolyl, 2-5-(1-pyrrolyl)-3-sulfopropylbenzoxazolyl, 2-5,6-dimethyl-3-sulfopropylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-ethyl-5-sulfobenzoxazolyl), thiazole nuclei having a carbon number of 3 to 25 (e.g., 2-3-methylthiazolyl, 2-3-ethylthiazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropylthiazolyl, 2-3-sulfobutylthiazolyl, 2-3,4-dimethylthiazolyl, 2-3,4,4-trimethylthiazolyl, 2-3-carboxyethylthiazolyl, 2-3-methylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-ethylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-butylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-sulfobutylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-methyl-β-naphthothiazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropyl-γ-naphthothiazolyl, 2-3-(1-naphthoxyethyl)benzothiazolyl, 2-3,5-dimethylbenzothiazolyl, 2-6-chloro-3-methylbenzothiazolyl, 2-6-iodo-3-methylbenzothiazolyl, 2-5-bromo-3-methylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-ethyl-5-methoxybenzothiazolyl, 2-5-phenyl-3-sulfopropylbenzothiazolyl, 2-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-sulfobutylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-dimethyl-5,6-dimethylthiobenzothiazolyl, 2-5-chloro-3-ethylbenzothiazolyl, 2-5-chloro-3-sulfopropylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-ethyl-5-iodobenzothiazolyl), imidazole nuclei having a carbon number of 3 to 25 (e.g., 2-1,3-diethylimidazolyl, 2-1,3-dimethylimidazolyl, 2-1-methylbenzimidazolyl, 2-1,3,4-triethylimidazolyl, 2-1,3-diethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-1,3,5-trimethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-6-chloro-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-1,3-disulfopropyl-5-cyano-6-chlorobenzimidazolyl, 2-5,6-dichloro-3-ethyl-1-sulfopropylbenzimidazolyl, 2-5-chloro-6-cyano-1,3-diethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-5-chloro-1,3-diethyl-6-trifluoromethylbenzimidazolyl), indolenine nuclei having a carbon number of 10 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 3,3-dimethyl-1-pentylindolenine, 3,3-dimethyl-1-sulfopropylindolenine, 5-carboxy-1,3,3-trimethylindolenine, 5-carbamoyl-1,3,3-trimethylindolenine, 1,3,3-trimethyl-4,5-benzindolenine), quinoline nuclei having a carbon number of 9 to 25 (e.g., 2-1-methylquinolyl, 2-1-ethylquinolyl, 2-1-methyl-6-chloroquinolyl, 2-1,3-diethylquinolyl, 2-1-methyl-6-methylthioquinolyl, 2-1-sulfopropylquinolyl, 4-1-methylquinolyl, 4-1-pentylquinolyl, 4-1-sulfoethylquinolyl, 4-1-methyl-7-chloroquinolyl, 4-1,8-diethylquinolyl, 4-1-methyl-6-methylthioquinolyl, 4-1-sulfopropylquinolyl), selenazole nuclei having a carbon number of 3 to 25 (e.g., 2-3-methylbenzoselenazolyl), pyridine nuclei having a carbon number of 5 to 25 (e.g., 2-pyridyl), thiazoline nuclei, oxazoline nuclei, selenazoline nuclei, tetrazoline nuclei, tetrazole nuclei, benzotellurazole nuclei, imidazoline nuclei, imidazo[4,5-quinoxaline] nuclei, oxadiazole nuclei, thiadiazole nuclei, tetrazole nuclei and pyrimidine nuclei.
The heterocyclic ring may be substituted and preferred examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, benzyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, carboxymethyl, 5-carboxypentyl), an alkenyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having a C number of 3 to 20, e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), an aryl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 1-naphthyl), a heterocyclic group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino), an alkynyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 1,3-butadynyl, 2-phenylethynyl), a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), an amino group (preferably having a C number of 0 to 20, e.g., amino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibutylamino, anilino), a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphonic acid group, an acyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetyl, benzoyl, salicyloyl, pivaloyl), an alkoxy group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methoxy, butoxy, cyclohexyloxy), an aryloxy group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 26, e.g., phenoxy, 1-naphthoxy), an alkylthio group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methylthio, ethylthio), an arylthio group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenylthio, 4-chlorophenylthio), an alkylsulfonyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methanesulfonyl, butanesulfonyl), an arylsulfonyl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., benzenesulfonyl, paratoluenesulfonyl), a sulfamoyl group (preferably having a C number of 0 to 20, e.g., sulfamoyl, N-methylsulfamoyl, N-phenylsulfamoyl), a carbamoyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., carbamoyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-phenylcarbamoyl), an acylamino group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetylamino, benzoylamino), an imino group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., phthalylimino), an acyloxy group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetyloxy, benzoyloxy), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., methoxycarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl) and a carbamoylamino group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., carbamoylamino, N-methylcarbamoylamino, N-phenylcarbamoylamino). Among these, more preferred are an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an alkoxy group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group and an alkoxycarbonyl group.
The heterocyclic ring may also be condensed with another ring. Preferred examples of the ring with which the heterocyclic ring is condensed include a benzene ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring and a thiophene ring.
The 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring formed by Za1 and Za2 is more preferably an oxazole nucleus, an imidazole nucleus, a thiazole nucleus or an indolenine ring, still more preferably an oxazole nucleus, an imidazole nucleus or an indolenine ring, yet still more preferably an oxazole ring or an imidazole ring, and most preferably an oxazole nucleus.
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, benzyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, 3-methyl-3-sulfopropyl, 2′-sulfobenzyl, carboxymethyl, 5-carboxypentyl), an alkenyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., vinyl, allyl), an aryl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 1-naphthyl) or a heterocyclic group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino), preferably an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having a C number of 1 to 6) or a sulfoalkyl group (preferably 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, 3-methyl-3-sulfopropyl or 2′-sulfobenzyl).
Ma1 to Ma7 each represents a methine group and may have a substituent (preferred examples of the substituent are the same as examples of the substituent on Za1 and Za2) The substituent is preferably an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a nitro group, a heterocyclic group, an aryloxy group, an acylamino group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfo group, a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an alkylthio group or a cyano group, more preferably an alkyl group.
Ma1 to Ma7 each is preferably an unsubstituted methine group or an alkyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 6)-substituted methine group, more preferably an unsubstituted methine group, an ethyl group-substituted methine group or a methyl group-substituted methine group.
Ma1 to Ma7 may combine with each other to form a ring and preferred examples of the ring formed include a cyclohexene ring, a cyclopentene ring, a benzene ring and a thiophene ring.
na1 and na2 each is 0 or 1, preferably both are 0.
ka1 represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 1 or 2.
When ka1 is 2 or more, multiple Ma3s may be the same or different and multiple Ma4s may be the same or different.
CI represents an ion for neutralizing the electric charge and y represents a number necessary for the neutralization of electric charge.
The cyanine dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention, represented by formula (1), is more preferably represented by formula (4).
In formula (4), Ra1, Ra2, Ma3 to Ma5, ka1, CI and y have the same meanings as in formula (1) and respective preferred embodiments are also the same.
X1 and X2 each independently represents —O—, —S—, —NR3— or —CR4R5—, and R3, R4 and R5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group (respective preferred examples are the same as those described for Ra1 and Ra2), preferably an alkyl group.
X1 and X2 each is independently preferably —O—, —NR3— or —CR4R5—, more preferably —O — or —NR3—, still more preferably —O—, and most preferably both are —O—.
R1 and R2 each independently represents a substituent (preferred examples of the substituent are the same as examples of the substituent on Za1 and Za2), preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an alkoxy group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
a1 and a2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 1.
In this case, R1 and R2 each is independently substituted preferably at the 5-position (respective para-positions of X1 and X2) on the benzene ring.
R1 and R2 each is independently preferably a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a sulfo group, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyrrole group, more preferably a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a sulfo group, a methyl group or a phenyl group, still more preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and most preferably a chlorine group.
When a1 and a2 each is 2 or more, multiple R1s may be the same or different and may combine with each other to form a ring and multiple R2s may be the same or different and may combine with each other to form a ring. Preferred examples of the ring formed include a benzene ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring and a thiophene ring. Among these, a benzene ring and a benzofuran ring are more preferred.
The merocyanine dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention is preferably a merocyanine dye represented by formula (2).
In formula (2), Za3 represents an atomic group for forming a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. Preferred examples of the 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring formed include oxazole nuclei having a carbon number (hereinafter referred to as “a C number”) of 3 to 25 (e.g., 2-3-methyloxazolyl, 2-3---ethyloxazolyl, 2-3,4-diethyloxazolyl, 2-3-methylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-ethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfoethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-methylthioethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-methoxyethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfobutylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-methyl-β-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-methyl-α-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropyl-β-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropyl-γ-naphthoxazolyl, 2-3-(3-naphthoxyethyl)benzoxazolyl, 2-3,5-dimethylbenzoxazolyl, 2-6-chloro-3-methylbenzoxazolyl, 2-5-bromo-3-methylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-ethyl-5-methoxybenzoxazolyl, 2-5-phenyl-3-sulfopropylbenzoxazolyl, 2-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-sulfobutylbenzoxazolyl, 2-3-dimethyl-5,6-dimethylthiobenzoxazolyl), thiazole nuclei having a C number of 3 to 25 (e.g., 2-3-methylthiazolyl, 2-3-ethylthiazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropylthiazolyl, 2-3-sulfobutylthiazolyl, 2-3,4-dimethylthiazolyl, 2-3,4,4-trimethylthiazolyl, 2-3-carboxyethylthiazolyl, 2-3-methylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-ethylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-butylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-sulfobutylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-methyl-β-naphthothiazolyl, 2-3-sulfopropyl-γ-naphthothiazolyl, 2-3-(1-naphthoxyethyl)benzothiazolyl, 2-3,5-dimethylbenzothiazolyl, 2-6-chloro-3-methylbenzothiazolyl, 2-6-iodo-3-methylbenzothiazolyl, 2-5-bromo-3-methylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-ethyl-5-methoxybenzothiazolyl, 2-5-phenyl-3-sulfopropylbenzothiazolyl, 2-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-sulfobutylbenzothiazolyl, 2-3-dimethyl-5,6-dimethylthiobenzothiazolyl), imidazole nuclei having a C number of 3 to 25 (e.g., 2-1,3-diethylimidazolyl, 2-1,3-dimethylimidazolyl, 2-1-methylbenzimidazolyl, 2-1,3,4-triethylimidazolyl, 2-1,3-diethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-1,3,5-trimethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-6-chloro-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethylbenzimidazolyl, 2-1,3-disulfopropyl-5-cyano-6-chlorobenzimidazolyl), indolenine nuclei having a carbon number of 10 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 3,3-dimethylindolenine), quinoline nuclei having a C number of 9 to 25 (e.g., 2-1-methylquinolyl, 2-1-ethylquinolyl, 2-1-methyl-6-chloroquinolyl, 2-1,3-diethylquinolyl, 2-1-methyl-6-methylthioquinolyl, 2-1-sulfopropylquinolyl, 4-1-methylquinolyl, 4-1-sulfoethylquinolyl, 4-1-methyl-7-chloroquinolyl, 4-1,8-diethylquinolyl, 4-1-methyl-6-methylthioquinolyl, 4-1-sulfopropylquinolyl), selenazole nuclei having a C number of 3 to 25 (e.g., 2-3-methylbenzoselenazolyl), pyridine nuclei having a C number of 5 to 25 (e.g., 2-pyridyl), thiazoline nuclei, oxazoline nuclei, selenazoline nuclei, tetrazoline nuclei, tetrazole nuclei, benzotellurazole nuclei, imidazoline nuclei, imidazo[4,5-quinoxaline] nuclei, oxadiazole nuclei, thiadiazole nuclei, tetrazole nuclei and pyrimidine nuclei.
The heterocyclic ring may be substituted and preferred examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, benzyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, carboxymethyl, 5-carboxypentyl), an alkenyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having a C number of 3 to 20, e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), an aryl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 1-naphthyl), a heterocyclic group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino), an alkynyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 1,3-butadynyl, 2-phenylethynyl), a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), an amino group (preferably having a C number of 0 to 20, e.g., amino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibutylamino; anilino), a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphonic acid group, an acyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetyl, benzoyl, salicyloyl, pivaloyl), an alkoxy group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methoxy, butoxy, cyclohexyloxy), an aryloxy group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 26, e.g., phenoxy, 1-naphthoxy), an alkylthio group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methylthio, ethylthio), an arylthio group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenylthio, 4-chlorophenylthio), an alkylsulfonyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methanesulfonyl, butanesulfonyl), an arylsulfonyl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., benzenesulfonyl, paratoluenesulfonyl), a sulfamoyl group (preferably having a C number of 0 to 20, e.g., sulfamoyl, N-methylsulfamoyl, N-phenylsulfamoyl), a carbamoyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., carbamoyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-phenylcarbamoyl), an acylamino group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetylamino, benzoylamino), an imino group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., phthalylimino), an acyloxy group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetyloxy, benzoyloxy), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., methoxycarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl) and a carbamoylamino group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., carbamoylamino, N-methylcarbamoylamino, N-phenylcarbamoylamino). Among these, more preferred are an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an alkoxy group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group and an alkoxycarbonyl group.
The heterocyclic ring may also be condensed with another ring. Preferred examples of the ring with which the heterocyclic ring is condensed include a benzene ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring and a thiophene ring.
The 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring formed by Za3 is more preferably an oxazole nucleus, an imidazole nucleus, a thiazole nucleus or an indolenine ring, still more preferably an oxazole nucleus, a thiazole ring or an indolenine ring.
Za4 represents an atomic group for forming a 5- or 6-membered ring. The ring formed by Za4 is a moiety generally called an acidic nucleus which is defined in James (compiler), The Theory of the Photographic Process, 4th ed., page 198, Macmillan (1977). The ring formed by Za4 is preferably a nucleus such as 2-pyrazolon-5-one, pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, imidazolin-5-one, hydantoin, 2- or 4-thiohydantoin, 2-iminooxazolidin-4-one, 2-oxazolin-5-one, 2-thiooxazoline-2,4-dione, isorhodanine, rhodanine, indane-1,3-dione, thiophen-3-one, thiophen-3-one-l,1-dioxide, indolin-2-one, indolin-3-one, 2-oxoindazolium, 5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine, 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-4-one, 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid, coumarin-2,4-dione, indazolin-2-one, pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-1,3-dione, pyrazolo[1,5-b]quinazolone or pyrazolopyridone.
The ring formed by Za4 is more preferably 2-pyrazolon-5-one, pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, rhodanine, indane-1,3-dione, thiophen-3-one, thiophen-3-one-1,1-dioxide, 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid or coumarin-2,4-dione, still more preferably pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, indane-1,3-dione, 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, barbituric acid or 2-thiobarbituric acid, yet still more preferably pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, barbituric acid or 2-thiobarbituric acid, and most preferably 2-thiobarbituric acid.
The ring formed by Za4 may be substituted (preferred examples of the substituent are the same as examples of the substituent on Za3) and the substituent is preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an alkoxy group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
The heterocyclic ring may also be condensed with another ring. Preferred examples of the ring with which the heterocyclic ring is condensed include a benzene ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring and a thiophene ring.
Each Ra3 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, benzyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, 3-methyl-3-sulfopropyl, 2′-sulfobenzyl, carboxymethyl, 5-carboxypentyl), an alkenyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., vinyl, allyl), an aryl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 1-naphthyl) or a heterocyclic group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino), preferably an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having a C number of 1 to 6) or a sulfoalkyl group (preferably 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, 3-methyl-3-sulfopropyl or 2′-sulfobenzyl).
Ma8 to Ma11 each represents a methine group and may have a substituent (preferred examples of the substituent are the same as examples of the substituent on Za1 and Za2). The substituent is preferably an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a nitro group, a heterocyclic group, an aryloxy group, an acylamino group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfo group, a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an alkylthio group or a cyano group, more preferably an alkyl group.
Ma8to Ma11 each is preferably an unsubstituted methine group or an alkyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 6)-substituted methine group, more preferably an unsubstituted methine group, an ethyl groupsubstituted methine group or a methyl group-substituted methine group.
Ma8 to Ma11 may combine with each other to form a ring and preferred examples of the ring formed include a cyclohexene ring, a cyclopentene ring, a benzene ring and a thiophene ring.
na3 is 0 or 1, preferably 0.
ka3 represents an integer of 0 to 8, preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3.
When ka3 is 2 or more, multiple Ma10s may be the same or different and multiple Ma11s may be the same or different.
CI represents an ion for neutralizing the electric charge and y represents a number necessary for the neutralization of electric charge.
The merocyanine dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention, represented by formula (2), is more preferably represented by formula (5).
In formula (2), Ma10, Ma11, Ra3, Za4, ka3, CI and y have the same meanings as in formula (1).
In formula (2), X1 represents —O—, —S—, —NR3— or —CR4R5—, and R3, R4 and R5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group (respective preferred examples are the same as those described for Ra3), preferably an alkyl group.
X1 is preferably —O—, —S— or —CR4R5—.
R1 represents a substituent (preferred examples of the substituent are the same as examples of the substituent on Za3), preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an alkoxy group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
a1 represents an integer of 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1.
When al is 2 or more, multiple R1s may be the same or different and may combine with each other to form a ring. Preferred examples of the ring formed include a benzene ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring and a thiophene ring.
The oxonol dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention is preferably an oxonol dye represented by formula (3).
In formula (I), Za5 and Za6 each represents an atomic group for forming a 5- or 6-membered ring. The ring formed by Za5 and Za6 is a moiety generally called an acidic nucleus which is defined in James (compiler), The Theory of the Photographic Process, 4th ed., page 198, Macmillan (1977). The ring formed by Za5 and Za6 is preferably a nucleus such as 2-pyrazolon-5-one, pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, imidazolin-5-one, hydantoin, 2- or 4-thiohydantoin, 2-iminooxazolidin-4-one, 2-oxazolin-5-one, 2-thiooxazoline-2,4-dione, isorhodanine, rhodanine, indane-1,3-dione, thiophen-3-one, thiophen-3-one-1,1-dioxide, indolin-2-one, indolin-3-one, 2-oxoindazolium, 5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine, 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-4-one, 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid, coumarin-2,4-dione, indazolin-2-one, pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-1,3-dione, pyrazolo[1,5-b]quinazolone or pyrazolopyridone.
The ring formed by Za5 and Za6 is more preferably 2-pyrazolon-5-one, pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, rhodanine, indane-1,3-dione, thiophen-3-one, thiophen-3-one-1,1-dioxide, 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid or coumarin-2,4-dione, still more preferably barbituric acid or 2-thiobarbituric acid, and most preferably barbituric acid
The ring formed by Za5 and Za6 may be substituted and preferred examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, benzyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, carboxymethyl, 5-carboxypentyl), an alkenyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having a C number of 3 to 20, e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), an aryl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 1-naphthyl), a heterocyclic group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino), an alkynyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 1,3-butadynyl, 2-phenylethynyl), a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), an amino group (preferably having a C number of 0 to 20, e.g., amino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibutylamino, anilino), a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphonic acid group, an acyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetyl, benzoyl, salicyloyl, pivaloyl), an alkoxy group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methoxy, butoxy, cyclohexyloxy), an aryloxy group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 26, e.g., phenoxy, 1-naphthoxy), an alkylthio group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methylthio, ethylthio), an arylthio group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenylthio, 4-chlorophenylthio), an alkylsulfonyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., methanesulfonyl, butanesulfonyl), an arylsulfonyl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., benzenesulfonyl, paratoluenesulfonyl), a sulfamoyl group (preferably having a C number of 0 to 20, e.g., sulfamoyl, N-methylsulfamoyl, N-phenylsulfamoyl), a carbamoyl group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., carbamoyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-phenylcarbamoyl), an acylamino group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetylamino, benzoylamino), an imino group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., phthalylimino), an acyloxy group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., acetyloxy, benzoyloxy), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., methoxycarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl) and a carbamoylamino group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., carbamoylamino, N-methylcarbamoylamino, N-phenylcarbamoylamino) . Among these, more preferred are an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an alkoxy group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group and an alkoxycarbonyl group.
The heterocyclic ring may also be condensed with another ring. Preferred examples of the ring with which the heterocyclic ring is condensed include a benzene ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring and a thiophene ring.
Ma12 to Ma14 each represents a methine group and may have a substituent (preferred examples of the substituent are the same as examples of the substituent on Za5 and Za6) The substituent is preferably an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a nitro group, a heterocyclic group, an aryloxy group, an acylamino group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfo group, a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an alkylthio group or a cyano group, more preferably an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a carbamoyl group or a carboxy group, still more preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
Ma12 to Ma14 each is preferably an unsubstituted methine group.
Ma12 to Ma14 may combine with each other to form a ring and preferred examples of the ring formed include a cyclohexene ring, a cyclopentene ring, a benzene ring and a thiophene ring.
ka3 represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 1 or 2.
When ka1 is 2 or more, multiple Ma12s may be the same or different and multiple Ma13s may be the same or different.
CI represents an ion for neutralizing the electric charge and y represents a number necessary for the neutralization of electric charge.
The oxonol dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention, represented by formula (3), is more preferably represented by formula (6).
In formula (2), Ma12 to Ma14, ka1, CI and y have the same meanings as in formula (1).
X11 and X12 each independently represents O or S and X11 and X12 both are preferably O.
R11 to R14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon atom number (hereinafter referred to as “a C number”) of 1 to 20, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, benzyl, 2-sulfopropyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, 3-methyl-3-sulfopropyl, 2′-sulfobenzyl, carboxymethyl, 5-carboxypentyl), an alkenyl group (preferably having a C number of 2 to 20, e.g., vinyl, allyl), an aryl group (preferably having a C number of 6 to 20, e.g., phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 2-sulfophenyl, 4-sulfophenyl) or a hetero-cyclic group (preferably having a C number of 1 to 20, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino), preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.
X11, R11 and R12 are preferably the same as X12, R13 and R14, respectively.
The methine dye for use in the present invention may be used in the monomer state or in the aggregated state.
Incidentally, the state where dye chromophores are fixed to give a specific spatial disposition by a bonding force such as covalent bonding, coordinate bonding or various intermolecular forces (e.g., hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force, Coulomb force) is generally called an associated (or aggregated) state.
For reference, the aggregate is described below. The aggregate is described in detail, for example, in James (compiler), The Theory of the Photographic Process, 4th ed., Chap. 8, pp. 218-222, Macmillan (1977), and Takayoshi Kobayashi, J-Aggregates, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. (1996).
The monomer means a one-molecule form. From the standpoint of absorption wavelength of the aggregate, an aggregate where the absorption shifts to the shorter wavelength with respect to the monomer absorption is called an H-aggregate (a two-molecule form is specially called a dimer), and an aggregate where the absorption shifts to the longer wavelength is called a J-aggregate.
From the standpoint of structure of the aggregate, in the case of a brickwork aggregate, an aggregate small in the shear angle is called a J-aggregate and an aggregate large in the shear angle is called an H-aggregate. The brickwork aggregate is described in detail in Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 6, page 183 (1970). As an aggregate having a similar structure to the brickwork aggregate, an aggregate having a ladder or staircase structure is known. The aggregate having a ladder or staircase structure is described in detail in Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie, Vol. 49, page 324 (1941).
Also, as an aggregate of forming a structure other than the brickwork structure, an aggregate taking a herringbone structure is known (this aggregate can be called a herringbone aggregate).
The herringbone aggregate is described in Charles Reich, Photographic Science and Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 3, page 335 (1974). The herringbone aggregate has two absorption maximums attributed to the aggregate.
As described above, whether the dye is taking an aggregated state can be confirmed by the change in the absorption (absorption λmax, ε, absorption form) from the monomer state.
Whichever system, solution system or film system, is used for the compound of the present invention, when the absorption is changed from the absorption in the monomer state of a dilute solution, this can be defined as an intermolecular aggregation state.
The compound for use in the present invention may be shifted to shorter wavelength (H-aggregate), longer wavelength (J-aggregate) or both regions, but J-aggregate is preferred.
The intermolecular aggregation state of a compound can be formed by various methods.
For example, in the case of a solution system, a method of dissolving the compound in an aqueous solution having added thereto a matrix such as gelatin (for example, an aqueous 0.5 wt % gelatin•10−4 M compound solution) or in an aqueous solution having added thereto a salt such as KCl (for example, an aqueous 5% KCl•2×10−3 M compound solution), or a method of adding the compound in a good solvent and then adding thereto a bad solvent (for example, DMF-water system or chloroform-toluene system) may be used.
In the case of a film system, methods such as polymer dispersion system, amorphous system, crystal system and LB film system may be used.
Furthermore, the intermolecular aggregation state may also be formed by the adsorption, chemical bonding or self-organization to a bulk or fine particle (from μm to nm size) semiconductor (for example, silver halide or titanium oxide) or to a bulk or fine particle metal (for example, gold, silver or platinum). The spectral sensitization by the J-aggregation adsorption of cyanine dye on a silver halide crystal performed in the field of silver salt color photography utilizes this technique.
As for the number of compounds participating in the intermolecular aggregation, two compounds may be used or a very large number of compounds may be used.
Specific preferred examples of the methine dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption for use in the present invention are set forth below, however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
2 SO3−
CH2
3 N+(CH3)3
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
4 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
4 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 N+(CH3)3
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
4 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
4 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
4 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3Na
CH2
3 SO3Na
CH2
4 SO3K
CH2
3 SO3 HN+(C2H5)3
CH2
3 SO3Na
CH2
4 SO3Na
CH2
4 SO3Na
CH2
3 SO3−HN+(C2H5)3
CH2
3 SO3−HN+(C2H5)3
CH2
3 SO3Na
CH═CH
n51 Q51
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
CH2
3 SO3−
The compound for use in the present invention is preferably a compound having a two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area δ of 1,000 GM or more, because when used in the material, elevation of sensitivity, improvement of recording speed, reduction in the size of laser at recording can be obtained. The two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area is more preferably 5,000 GM or more, still more preferably 10,000 GM or more, yet still more preferably 30,000 GM or more, and most preferably 60,000 GM or more. The value of the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area is a value measured in our company according to the measuring method described later in Examples.
The compound for use in the present invention is preferably irradiated with a laser ray having a wavelength longer than the linear absorption band of the compound to induce non-resonant two-photon absorption. In view of recording density on use in a two-photon absorbing (three-dimensional) recording material or the like, the compound is more preferably irradiated with a laser ray having a wavelength longer than the linear absorption band of the compound and present in the range from 400 to 1,000 nm, still more preferably with a laser ray of 400 to 800 nm, to induce non-resonant two-photon absorption.
Also, the compound for use in the present invention preferably induces non-resonant two-photon absorption by the irradiation of a laser ray having a wavelength longer than the linear absorption band of the compound and generates emission from the resulting excited state.
The compound for use in the present invention may undergo non-resonant multi-photon absorption and non-resonant multi-photon emission of three or more photons.
The content of the dye in the two-photon absorbing material is not particularly limited, but may be properly selected from the range of 0.01 to 100% by weight based on the use thereof.
The two-photon absorbing material of the present invention can be applied to optical recording medium, three-dimensional optical recording medium, three-dimensional volume display, three-dimensional stereo-lithography, two-photon contrasting, two-photon photo-dynamic therapy (PDT), up-conversion laser and the like.
The present invention is described in greater detail below by referring to Examples, however, the present invention is of course not limited to these Examples.
[Synthesis of D-1]
Compound D-1 of the present invention can be synthesized by the following method.
Benzoxazole [3] (52.25 g (0.2 mol)) and 45.75 g (0.375 mol) of propane sultone [4] were stirred under heating at 140° C. for 4 hours. After cooling, acetone was added and crystals were separated by filtration and washed with acetone to obtain 70.42 g (yield: 85%) of a quaternary salt [5].
The quaternary salt [5] (66.2 g (0.2 mol)), 200 ml of triethyl orthopropionate, 200 ml of pyridine and 80 ml of acetic acid were stirred under heating at 120° C. for 1 hour. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed by decantation three times with ethyl acetate and then dissolved and stirred in 100 ml of methanol. Thereto, a 20 ml methanol solution containing 4.0 g (50 mmol) of sodium acetate was added and crystals produced were separated by filtration. These crystals were further dispersed in methanol and then separated by filtration to
Benzoxazole [3] (52.25 g (0.2 mol)) and 45.75 g (0.375 mol) of propane sultone [4] were stirred under heating at 140° C. for 4 hours. After cooling, acetone was added and crystals were separated by filtration and washed with acetone to obtain 70.42 g (yield: 85%) of a quaternary salt [5].
The quaternary salt [5] (66.2 g (0.2 mol)), 200 ml of triethyl orthopropionate, 200 ml of pyridine and 80 ml of acetic acid were stirred under heating at 120° C. for 1 hour. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed by decantation three times with ethyl acetate and then dissolved and stirred in 100 ml of methanol. Thereto, a 20 ml methanol solution containing 4.0 g (50 mmol) of sodium acetate was added and crystals produced were separated by filtration. These crystals were further dispersed in methanol and then separated by filtration to obtain 31.36 g (yield: 43.4%) of the objective D-1 as vermilion crystal.
The structure was confirmed by NMR spectrum, MS spectrum and elemental analysis.
[Synthesis of D-117]
Compound D-117 of the present invention can be synthesized by the following method.
A quaternary salt [1] (2.81 g (10 mmol)), 6.67 g (30 mmol) of [2], 10 g of acetic anhydride and 50 ml of acetonitrile were refluxed for 30 minutes. After concentration and decantation with ethyl acetate, a crude product of the anil form [3] was obtained.
To the crude product of anil form [3], 2,00 g (10 mmol) of thiobarbituric acid [4], 3.0 g (30 mmol) of triethylamine and 100 ml of ethanol were added and refluxed for 1 hour. The reaction solution was concentrated, purified by silica gel column chromatography (developer solvent: chloroform:methanol=20:1→10:1) and recrystallized with methanol-isopropyl alcohol to obtain 2.55 g (total yield: 41.3%) of the objective D-117 crystal.
The structure was confirmed by NMR spectrum, MS spectrum and elemental analysis.
[Synthesis of D-149]
Compound D-149 of the present invention can be synthesized by the following method.
Barbituric acid [1] (3.12 g (20 mmol)), 2.85 g (10 mmol) of anil form [2] and 4.1 g (40 mmol) of triethylamine were dissolved in 30 ml of DMF and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Subsequently, dilute hydrochloric acid was added thereto and produced crystals were separated by filtration, washed with water and dried to obtain 2.99 g (yield: 80.0%) of the objective D-149 crystal.
The structure was confirmed by NMR spectrum, MS spectrum and elemental analysis.
Other cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, oxonol dyes and the like can also be synthesized according to the methods described, for example, in F. M. Harmer, Heterocyclic Compounds—Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London (1964), and D. M. Sturmer, Heterocyclic Compounds—Special Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Chap. 18, Sec. 14, pp. 482-515, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London.
However, the synthesis method of the compounds for use in the present invention is not limited thereto.
[Evaluation Method of Two-Photon Absorbing Cross-Sectional Area]
The two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area of the compound for use in the present invention was evaluated by referring to the method described in M. A. Albota et al., Appl. Opt., Vol. 37, page 7352 (1998). In the measurement of the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area, a Ti:sapphire pulse laser (pulse width: 100 fs, repetition: 80 MH, average output: 1 W, peak power: 100 kW) was used as a light source and the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area was measured in the wavelength range from 700 to 1,000 nm. Also, rhodamine B and fluoresceine were measured as standard substances and the measured values obtained were corrected by using the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area values of rhodamine B and fluoresceine described in C. Xu et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 13, page 481 (1996), whereby the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area of each compound was obtained. As the sample for the measurement of two-photon absorption, a solution having dissolved therein a compound in a concentration of 1×10−4 was used.
The two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area of the compound for use in the present invention was measured by the above-described method and the results obtained are shown by the GM unit in Table 1 (1 GM=1×10−50 cm4s/photon). The value shown in Table 1 is a maximum value of two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area in the range of measurement wavelength.
Furthermore, the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area of Comparative Compound 1 described in M. Albota, et al., Science, Vol. 281, page 1653 (1998) having the structure shown below was measured by the above-described method and the result obtained is shown in Table 1.
As seen from Table 1, the compound for use in the present invention has a very large two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area as compared with Comparative Compound 1.
[Formation of Intermolecular Aggregation State]
In 20 ml of water, 2.89 mg of D-1 was dissolved to prepare Aqueous 2×10−4 M D-1 Solution (A). Separately, 198 g of water was added to 2 g of gelatin and the gelatin was swelled for 30 minutes while cooling with ice water and then dissolved at 45° C. to prepare Aqueous 1 wt % Gelatin Solution (B).
Thereafter, 5 ml of Aqueous Solution A and 5 ml of Aqueous Solution B were charged into a test tube and mixed to prepare an aqueous 0.5 wt % gelatin•10−4 M D-1 solution and this aqueous solution was left standing at 25° C. for 3 hours and then measured on the absorption spectrum. The same operation was performed for D-19 and D-35.
The absorption λmax and ε of D-1, D-19 and D-35 each in an aqueous 0.5 wt % gelatin•10−4 M solution and λmax and ε in the monomer state as comparison are shown in Table 2.
As seen from Table 2, in the aqueous gelatin solution system, λmax was shifted to the longer wavelength than the monomer state and moreover, the absorption was very sharp and ε was increased. This clearly reveals that D-1, D-19 and D-35 each could form a so-called intermolecular J-aggregation state in the aqueous gelatin solution system.
[Evaluation Method of Two-Photon Absorbing Cross-Sectional Area]
The two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area of the compound for use in the present invention was evaluated by referring to the method described in M. A. Albota et al., Appl. Opt., Vol. 37, page 7352 (1998). In the measurement of the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area, a Ti:saphire pulse laser (pulse width: 100 fs, repetition: 80 MH, average output: 1 W, peak power: 100 kW) was used as a light source and the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area was measured in the wavelength range from 700 to 1,000 nm. Also, rhodamine B and fluoresceine were measured as standard substances and the measured values obtained were corrected by using the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area values of rhodamine B and fluoresceine described in C. Xu et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 13, page 481 (1996), whereby the two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area of each compound was obtained. As samples for the measurement of two-photon absorption, aqueous 0.5 wt % gelatin. 10−4 M D-1, D-19 and D-35 solutions (in the intermolecular J-aggregation state, Samples 201, 203 and 205) prepared in Example 3 and solutions of these compounds in the monomer state (Samples 202, 204 and 206) as comparison were used.
The two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area of the compound for use in the present invention was measured by the above-described method in the intermolecular aggregation state and in the monomer state as comparison and the results obtained are shown by the GM unit in Table 3 (1 GM=1×10−50 cm4s/photon). The value shown in the Table is a maximum value of two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area in the range of measurement wavelength.
As apparent from Table 3, by forming an inter-molecular aggregation state, a remarkably large two-photon absorbing cross-sectional area is obtained as compared with the monomer state.
[Evaluation Method of Two-Photon Emission Intensity]
On Samples 101, 119 and 129 of Example 2, a Ti:sapphire pulse laser (720 nm) was irradiated to measure the non-resonant two-photon emission spectrum. From the obtained emission spectrum area, the non-resonant two-photon emission intensity was determined.
As a compound of emitting strong two-photon emission, 0.0059 g of the compound (shown below) described in International Publication No. 97/09043 (W09709043) was dissolved in 100 ml of acetonitrile to prepare a 1×10−4 M solution.
A Ti:sapphire pulse laser (1,000 nm) was irradiated on Comparative Sample 1 to measure the non-resonant two-photon emission spectrum. The obtained emission spectrum areas (non-resonant two-photon emission intensities) are shown in Table 4 as a relative value by taking the value of Comparative Sample 1 as 1.
As apparent from Table 4, the two-photon absorbing compound of the present invention exhibits a remarkably large non-resonant two-photon emission intensity as compared with Comparative Compound “dye 1”.
By using the methine dye of undergoing non-resonant two-photon absorption of the present invention, a non-resonant two-photon absorbing and emitting material capable of giving non-resonant two-photon absorption and two-photon emission by far stronger than conventional materials can be obtained. Furthermore, by using the intermolecular aggregation state of the compound of the present invention, a non-resonant two-photon absorbing and emitting material capable of giving non-resonant two-photon absorption and two-photon emission stronger than the monomer state can be obtained.
The entire disclosure of each and every foreign patent application: Japanese Patent Applications No. 2002-293720, No. 2002-65580, No. 2002-71874, No. 2002-71875 and No. 2003-168028, from which the benefit of foreign priority has been claimed in the present application is incorporated herein by reference, as if fully set forth.
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