Patent Application
20190118884
This invention relates generally to a vehicle configuration in which the center of gravity of the vehicle is near the center of gravity of the driver and passenger in at least the longitudinal and vertical directions to minimize the impact of vehicle movement on the occupants.
Recreational off-highway vehicles (“ROVs”) are meant to travel over rough terrain, in various conditions and at a variety of speeds. Such vehicles have substantial under-body clearance to avoid off-road obstacles. The driver also needs to have a good view of the ground to maneuver over and around obstacles. However, these aspects of driving off-road vehicles may result in a vehicle that seats the driver and passenger high in the vehicle, and high above the ground. When the vehicle moves over uneven terrain, the vehicle can rock or sway and cause the driver and passengers to also rock and sway to an even larger degree. Excessive rocking and swaying can be uncomfortable for the driver and passenger, and can even affect the driver's ability to control the vehicle. There is a need for a vehicle that allows a smoother ride over uneven terrain and aids the driver in maintaining control.
In at least one embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a recreational off-highway vehicle (“ROV”) having a front axle, a rear axle, two side-by-side seats, an engine, and a transmission. The engine and transmission are positioned within the vehicle such that a weight distribution of the vehicle is between 35-45% on the front axle and between 65-55% on the rear axle. The ROV also includes at least one seat for a passenger. The front and rear axles, the engine, the transmission, and the seat are positioned relative to one another such that the vehicle's center of mass is at approximately the same longitudinal position as the driver's and passenger's centers of mass when they are seated in the vehicle, and the vehicle's center of mass is as high or nearly as high vertically as the occupants' center of mass. Herein, reference to “passenger” generally applies to driver and passenger(s) alike.
In other embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a vehicle having a center of mass. The vehicle includes a front axle, a rear axle. The weight of the vehicle is distributed between the rear axle and front axle at a ratio of approximately 60/40, respectively, or other distributions such as 65-55/35-45 or other suitable ratios. The vehicle also includes a driver seat, and a passenger seat positioned at an approximate same vertical and longitudinal position as the driver seat. The driver and passenger seats are both positioned such that an occupant in either the driver or passenger seats is positioned with his/her center of mass substantially at a same vertical position as the vehicle's center of mass.
The present invention provides a side-by-side recreational off-highway vehicle having two front wheels and at least two rear wheels. The vehicle includes a chassis, an engine, a transmission, a drive unit, and body panels. The chassis includes a front portion, a middle portion, and a rear portion. The front portion is coupled to the front wheels. The middle portion is coupled to the rear wheels and surrounds an occupant compartment having at least two side-by-side seats for a driver and at least one passenger. The chassis includes frame members of rectangular cross section and frame members of generally circular or oval cross section.
The engine is secured to the rear portion of the chassis. The transmission is secured to the engine. The drive unit is operably coupled to the driven clutch, and drivingly coupled to the rear wheels.
The body panels are secured to the chassis and cover most of the frame members of rectangular cross section while leaving exposed many of the frame members of generally circular or oval cross section. A frame member of generally circular cross section extends along right and left lower edges of the middle portion of the chassis. Frame members of generally circular cross section form a roll cage above at least the middle portion of the chassis. The vehicle further includes right and left doors in the middle portion of the chassis. The frame members along the right and left lower edges are positioned below the doors. The frame members of generally circular cross section are also exposed below the roll cage at a forward portion of the middle portion of the chassis.
The vehicle also includes a rear cargo box positioned above the drive unit. The rear cargo box has an opening covered with a movable door generally above the engine to access engine components. A separate body panel extends forward of the cargo box and forward of left rear wheel, between the left rear wheel and the driver door. The separate body panel includes an opening allowing air passage to an air intake conduit and an airbox for providing combustion air to the engine.
The transmission includes a continuously variable transmission (CVT) with a cooling air intake having a conduit also extending from the opening in the body panel.
The body panels include at least one bridging body panel extending from the cargo box to between the engine and the seats. A rear separation panel extends downwardly from the bridging body panel to proximate a floor of the vehicle between the occupant compartment and the engine. The rear separation panel is formed of at least one separate panel secured to the bridging body panel. It further includes a removable portion adjacent an engine component, such as an oil filter and dipstick.
The drive unit includes a transaxle fastened to the engine, the drive clutch being driven by the engine and the driven clutch driving the transaxle. The engine and transaxle are mounted to the chassis with vibration isolation members. The airbox, throttle body, and CVT are secured to the engine and transaxle so as to move with the engine and transaxle relative to the chassis. The engine and transaxle form an assembly that bridges from the member mounting the engine to the member mounting the transaxle. The engine is forward of the transaxle, with a front driveline extending forward from the transaxle and extending under the engine.
The middle portion of the chassis has a distance from its underside to the ground defining a ground clearance, the driver seat and the passenger seat each having an upwardly facing lower seating surface upon which an occupant rests and a seat back for the back of the occupant to lean against; wherein the vertical distance between a lowest portion of the lower seating surface and the underside of the middle portion of the chassis is less than the ground clearance of the middle portion of the chassis when not vehicle is not loaded.
The wheelbase of the vehicle is at least 80 inches and preferably approximately 83 inches. The driver seat includes a seat index point, the seat index point being within 16 inches of the underside of the middle portion of the chassis. The seat index point is preferably positioned longitudinally between a center of the wheelbase and a center of gravity of the vehicle.
The vehicle further includes a driver door and a passenger door. The driver door and the passenger door each have a rear pivot and a front latch. The rear pivots also have a downward angle, such that the doors swing rearwardly and downwardly when opening.
The passenger door includes an interior grab member forward of the passenger seat back. It is secured to an interior facing side of the passenger door with the grab member being positioned longitudinally near a forward-most portion of the passenger lower seating surface. A medial passenger grab member is secured to the chassis on the medial side of the passenger seat longitudinally near the forward-most portion of the passenger lower seating surface. The vehicle includes a transmission shift lever to the left of the passenger grab bar such that the grab bar is situated laterally between the passenger seat and the shift lever. 41.
The vehicle includes a floorboard with an integrally molded upwardly angled footrest forward of the passenger seat. The driver floorboard includes a heel step between the driver seat and the throttle pedal. A cup holder is also integrally molded with the floorboard.
The rear suspension is coupled between the chassis rearward portion and the rear wheels and includes right and left suspension arms and right and left shock absorbers. A rear sway bar is coupled between the right and left suspension arms. The sway bar extends rearwardly from the arms and mounts to the rearward-most end of the chassis rearward portion. The mounts are rearward of the shock absorbers.
The distance between the driver seat and the passenger seat is greater than the distance between the driver seat and the driver door and the distance between the passenger seat and the passenger door. Preferably, the distance between the seats is at least twice the distance between the passenger door and the passenger seat.
Further with regard to the engine and transmission arrangement, a forward end of the engine is mounted to the chassis and a rearward portion of the transmission is coupled to the chassis, the engine and transmission bridging from a forward engine mounting location to a rearward transmission mounting location. The engine is mounted to the chassis with at least one vibration isolation member and the transmission is mounted to the chassis with at least one vibration isolation member. A first mounting plate is fastened to the engine and to the transmission to secure the engine and transmission together. A second mounting plate is fastened directly to the transmission and fastened to the first mounting plate. The CVT has a drive clutch engaged with the engine and a driven clutch engaged with the transmission. The CVT is not rigidly mounted directly to the chassis. The engine, transmission, CVT, throttle body, and airbox are vibration isolated together relative to the chassis.
The airbox includes an air outlet and the engine includes an air inlet. The airbox air outlet is substantially in line with the throttle body and the engine air inlet. Furthermore, the distance from the airbox air outlet and the engine air inlet is less than a distance from a front end of the engine to a rear end of the transmission. A forward-extending driveshaft extends from a bottom end of the transmission beneath the engine toward the front wheels.
A method for assembling a vehicle is also provided. An engine is secured rigidly to a transmission to form an engine and transmission assembly. The assembly is moved through the mid chassis portion and through a front end of the rear chassis portion to within the rear chassis portion. The engine and transmission assembly are then secured within the rear chassis portion. The CVT is secured to the engine and transmission after securing the engine to the transmission and before moving the assembly to within the rear chassis portion.
At the front of the vehicle, right and left headlights are secured to a front end of the chassis forward portion. A radiator is secured within a front end of the chassis forward portion directly between the headlights. The chassis forward portion also includes front frame members and right and left bumper bars removably fastened to the front of the front frame members. The radiator is positioned between the front frame members and the bumper bars. The right and left headlights are positioned outwardly of the right and left bumper bars respectively. A winch is mounted below the radiator.
A fuel tank is secured by the chassis middle portion at least partially beneath the passenger seat. The fuel tank extends beneath and behind the lower seating portion, the tank having an height that increases behind the lower seating portion relative to the portion of the tank directly beneath the lower seating portion. A fuel pump is secured to the portion of the fuel tank behind the lower seating portion. The chassis includes a frame member beneath the passenger seat and on top of the fuel tank. The fuel tank includes a lower edge having a recess, the recess nesting with a lower chassis frame member. The fuel tank includes a corner recess into which a battery is positioned. The chassis further includes a battery tray adjacent the corner recess in the fuel tank.
Preferably, the off-road vehicle includes one or more of a side panel, a door panel, or a foot panel. In some versions, the side panel extends forward of the rear axle and rearward of the at least one seat. Preferably, the side panel extends forward of the cargo area. In some versions, the foot panel is positioned below the door panel. Preferably, the foot panel extends forward of the side panel. In some versions, the foot panel extends below the side panel. Preferably, the foot panel is positioned at least partially between the front axle and the rear axle. In some versions, the door panel is positioned forwardly of the side panel.
Preferred and alternative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings.
The present disclosure is generally directed to a vehicle configured such that the center of gravity of the vehicle is very near the center of gravity of the passenger. In one preferred embodiment, the longitudinal center of gravity of the passenger is between the midpoint between the axles and the center of gravity of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the passenger's center of gravity is assumed to be generally at a certain point relative to the passenger. For example, the center of gravity can be assumed to be at the passenger's hip, or at a point near the navel as the passenger sits in the vehicle. The center of gravity can be positioned outside of the passenger's physical body. The center of gravity may change depending on the configuration of the seats and the passenger's posture within the vehicle. The vehicle's center of gravity can be at the same vertical, longitudinal, and lateral position as the passenger's center of gravity. For vehicles having side-by-side seating, the center of gravity of the vehicle is generally aligned with the centerline of the vehicle, and accordingly is placed between the driver and passenger seats. In some embodiments, the vehicle's center of gravity is higher than the passenger's center of gravity. In other embodiments, the vehicle's center of gravity is slightly lower than the passenger's center of gravity. Further details of the present disclosure are given in more detail with reference to
The vehicle's center of gravity (or “center of mass”) can be aligned with the passenger's spine at a low position of the spine, such as near the passenger's tailbone. The forces imparted to the passenger by the vehicle will therefore be perceptibly minimized. In some embodiments, the wheel vehicle's center of gravity is rearward of the midpoint of the wheelbase. For example, the center of the wheelbase can be generally near the longitudinal midpoint of the vehicle (equidistant between the front and rear extremes of the vehicle), and the vehicle center of mass is preferably at a longitudinal position 60% from the effective front axle of the vehicle and 40% from the effective rear axle of the vehicle (i.e. 60/40 weight distribution). The seats can be positioned with the passenger's center of mass somewhere longitudinally between these two points. As the vehicle moves over varied terrain, bumps in the road cause the vehicle to move about these two points as a function of the suspension. In an example, if the vehicle had a perfectly rigid suspension, movement over varied terrain would cause the vehicle to move about the midpoint of the wheelbase. Conversely, if a vehicle with a perfectly elastic suspension traveled over the same varied terrain, the vehicle would move about the center of mass. Since neither of these theoretical extremes can be achieved, the realistic vehicle with some suspension will move about a point somewhere between these two points. Positioning the passenger's center of mass within this envelope causes the perceived motion of the vehicle to be less. Positioning the passenger within this longitudinal envelope provides the smoothest ride to the passenger for a given suspension configuration. The smoothest ride allows the passenger to maintain the best control of the vehicle under speed and uneven terrain. Thus, ideally, if the longitudinal weight distribution of the vehicle places the center of gravity of the vehicle 40% from the effective rear axle, the longitudinal center of gravity of the passenger is placed between 40% and 50% distant from the rear axle.
The vehicle can have any suitable drive train, such as 4×4, 2×4, etc. The vehicle 1210 can be made of a frame and a roll cage 1215 that generally encloses the passenger area and protects the passengers in case of a roll-over or other circumstance. The vehicle 1210 can have a spider frame construction. In some embodiments, the vehicle 1210 has doors (not shown) to the passenger area that extend downward to the lower portion of the seat 1214 or lower such as below the seat 1214. The vehicle 1210 preferably includes a radiator 1219 positioned rearward of the seats 1214 and above the engine. The vehicle 1210 can have a suspension system 1221 that can be a trailing-arm suspension, an A-link suspension, or any other suitable type of suspension system 1221. The vehicle 1210 can include a cargo bed 1222 at a rear position or at another position such as near the front of the vehicle 1210 or laterally outside the passenger area or above the passenger area. The vehicle 1210 can include a fuel tank 1223 which can be positioned rearward of the engine 1216, above or rearward of the transmission 1218 and engine 1216, or elsewhere. The vehicle 1210 can also include other common vehicle components, such as a battery, a spare tire, tire changing equipment such as a jack, and other such vehicle components.
The vehicle 1210 has an engine 1216, a transmission 1218, and other standard vehicle equipment positioned variously throughout the vehicle 1210. The transmission 1218 can be positioned rearward of the engine 1216, or forward of the engine as shown by 1218′. In other embodiments, the engine 1216 and transmission 1218 can be at a same lateral or longitudinal position. The transmission 1218 can be a continuously variable transmission (CVT), or another suitable type of transmission. The transmission 1218 can have a drive clutch and a driven clutch. In some embodiments, the drive clutch is forward of the driven clutch; in others, the driven clutch is forward of the drive clutch.
Any of these vehicle components can be positioned to achieve a desired weight distribution for the vehicle 1210. The vehicle 1210 therefore has a center of gravity or center of mass (“COM”) 1230 at a certain point in the vehicle 1210. A COM is generally defined as the mean location of all the mass in a system. In certain embodiments, the seats 1214 are positioned within the vehicle 1210 such that the passenger's COM 1220 is superimposed on the COM 1230 of the vehicle 1210 in at least the longitudinal and vertical directions. In some embodiments, the vehicle's COM 1230 and the passenger's COM 1220 are exactly superimposed in one or more of the longitudinal and vertical directions. The vehicle's COM 1230 can also be superimposed with the passenger's COM 1220 in the lateral direction. In other embodiments, there is some distance between the vehicle's COM 1230 and the passenger's COM 1220. This distance is referred to herein as the center-center distance. In some embodiments, the passenger's COM 1220 is assumed to be near an appropriate portion of the passenger's body, such as the hip area or the navel. In some embodiments, the vehicle 1210 can be configured such that the vehicle's COM 1230 is aligned or nearly aligned with the passenger's spine. Minimizing the distance between the vehicle COM 1230 and the passenger's spine can improve the passenger ride in the vehicle 1210. Of course, passengers have different body types with different center of mass positions; however, there are several approximations for passenger COM that are used in the industry. For example, a Seat Index Point (“SIP”) 1240 is generally used by seatbelt manufacturers to approximate the position of the passenger when seated in the seat 1214. The SIP can be measured according to SAE Standard No. J1163 200612, published Dec. 4, 2006. Another point is the ANSI point 1238 that is defined by the ANSI/ROHVA 1-201X standard as approximately 152 mm above the lowest point 1236 of the occupant-supporting surface, and 254 mm forward of the seat back. In other literature, the ANSI point can be defined as being in line with a vertical transverse plane of the vehicle approximately equidistant between the front and rear axle. In some particular embodiments, the vertical transverse plane can be 0.05% closer to one axle than to another. In other words, the ratio between the distance between the vertical transverse plane and an axle (either the front or the rear) and the wheelbase is approximately 49.55%. In several embodiments of the invention, the passenger COM 1220 can be approximated by any one of these reference points alone, or any two or more in combination. For example, the passenger COM 1220 can be approximated by an arithmetic average of the SIP 1240 and the ANSI point 1238, or any other suitable combination.
The vehicle 1210 can have an equal weight distribution between the front axle 1212a and the rear axle 1213a. In other embodiments, the vehicle weight distribution can be uneven, favoring the front or rear axles 1212a, 1213a. In one particular preferred embodiment, the weight distribution is a 40/60 front/rear distribution, with approximately 40% of the vehicle weight bearing on the front vehicle 1212, and 60% of the vehicle weight bearing on the rear wheels 1213. In other words, a distance D1 between the vehicle COM 1230 and the rear axle 1213a is approximately 40% of a distance D4 between the front axle 1212a and the rear axle 1213a.
The distance D1, between the vehicle COM 1230 and the rear axle 1213a is approximately 982.9 mm in the longitudinal direction, and the distance D4 between the front axle 1212a and the rear axle 1213a is approximately 2413.6 mm in the longitudinal direction. For purposes of description, a generally horizontal plane 1258 parallel with and running through the front axle 1212a and the rear axle 1213a is used for reference. The vehicle COM 1230 can be spaced apart from the plane 1258 by a distance D6, which can be approximately 274.4 mm in the vertical direction. In some embodiments, the SIP 1240 can be spaced apart from the rear axle 1213a by a distance D2 in the longitudinal direction, and from the plane 1258 by a distance D7 in the vertical direction. Distances D2 and D7 can be 1091.5 mm and 332.3 mm, respectively. In several embodiments, the ANSI point 1238 can be spaced apart from the rear axle 1213a by a distance D3 in the longitudinal direction, and from the plane 1258 by a distance D8 in the vertical direction. Distances D3 and D8 can be 1196 mm and 373.9 mm, respectively.
The position of the engine 1216 and transmission 1218, and any other vehicle components, can be varied in any suitable manner to achieve the desired relationship between the vehicle COM 1230 and the passenger COM 1220. The engine 1216 and transmission 1218 can be positioned behind the seat 1214, and more specifically, with the transmission 1218 positioned behind the engine 1216. In certain embodiments, the engine 1216 and transmission are at approximately the same vertical level relative to the vehicle 1210. The vehicle 1210 can include a radiator 1219 which can be positioned above the engine and/or transmission as shown. The radiator 1219 can be angled rearwardly to intake air from above and rearward of the radiator 1219 and direct it toward the engine 1216 and other internal components. The position of the radiator 1219 can be varied to achieve a desired vehicle COM 1230. To keep the COM biased somewhat rearwardly as desired for off-road vehicles, the radiator is placed behind the longitudinal center of the vehicle. Various other configurations are possible to achieve the desired weight distribution.
The front axle 1212a and the rear axle 1213a can be positioned relative to the vehicle 1210 such that the midpoint between them is spaced apart longitudinally from the vehicle COM 1230 by a certain distance. For example, assuming D3 is the distance between the rear axle 1213a and the midpoint of the wheelbase and D1 is the distance between the rear axle 1213a and the vehicle COM 1230, the distance D2 defines a longitudinal envelope between these two points. In other embodiments the midpoint of the wheelbase can be rearward of the vehicle COM 1230. In preferred embodiments, the passenger's COM 1220 is positioned somewhere between these two points D1 and D3. As the vehicle moves over varied terrain, bumps in the road cause the vehicle 1210 to move about these two points as a function of the suspension. In an example, if the vehicle 1210 had a perfectly rigid suspension, movement over varied terrain would cause the vehicle 1210 to tend to move about the midpoint of the wheelbase. Conversely, if a vehicle with a perfectly elastic suspension traveled over the same varied terrain, the vehicle 1210 would tend to move about the center of mass. Since neither of these theoretical extremes can be achieved, the realistic vehicle with some suspension will effectively move about a point somewhere between these two points. Positioning the passenger's center of mass within this envelope causes the perceived motion of the vehicle to be less and therefore passenger comfort is improved.
It should be noted that when the passenger sits in the vehicle the suspension is becomes slightly more compressed, thus lowering the vehicle slightly and, depending on the suspension arms, widening the vehicle track. Because of this configuration, the stability of the vehicle improves when there are passengers seated in the vehicle 1210.
In some embodiments, the center-center distance in the longitudinal and vertical direction is zero or nearly zero. In other words, the vehicle's COM 1230 is at the same longitudinal position and vertical position as the passenger's COM 1220. The vehicle's COM 1230 can be at a lateral midpoint of the vehicle 1210, and the seats 1214 can be equally spaced from the midline of the vehicle. Assuming two side-by-side passengers have equal weight, in this configuration the vehicle's COM 1230 and the passenger's collective COM 1220 are at the same point longitudinally, vertically, and laterally. In some embodiments, the vehicle 1210 can have a single, center-mounted seat in which case the driver's COM 1220 can be exactly or nearly exactly superimposed upon the vehicle's COM 1230. In many other configurations, however, there is some center-center distance in at least one dimension. In some embodiments, the passenger's COM 1220 is less than approximately 100 cm from the vehicle's COM 1230 in the longitudinal or vertical direction. In other embodiments, the center-center distance can be greater, such as between 100-400. In some embodiments the passenger's COM 1220 is above or below the vehicle's COM 1230 or in front of or behind the vehicle's COM 1230 or any workable combination thereof (e.g. above and behind, below and in front of, etc). As previously noted the passenger COM is preferably slightly forward of the vehicle COM 1230 in a vehicle with a heavier weight distribution on the rear axle.
In some embodiments, the seats 1214 of the vehicle 1210 are constructed and positioned so that the passenger's COM 1220 is closer vertically to the vehicle's COM 1230 the than conventional ROVs or other vehicles. Conventional side-by-side off-road recreational vehicles have seats that are positioned so that the passenger's COM is over 20 cm higher than the vehicle's COM, causing the passenger to undesirably move forward and backward as the vehicle rocks about a lateral axis.
In contrast to some conventional vehicles, the center-center distance of the present disclosure can be small even though the bottom of the seat 1214 is spaced apart from the bottom of the vehicle 1210 by a distance D9. Some vehicles, such as some sandrails, are configured with the bottom of the seat very near to the bottom (or floor) of the vehicle. Conventional recreational off-road vehicles have a seating area more than 10 cm (typically 12.5 cm) higher than D9 above the bottom of the vehicle chassis.
As shown in the drawings listed above, the invention is a vehicle that includes side-by-side seating for a driver and a passenger (“occupants”). The vehicle is preferably less than about 50 inches wide such that it can access trails developed and designated for all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Thus, as shown in
The chassis also supports a roll cage 20, safety nets 22, and body panels 24. The chassis is constructed with rectangular metal tubing as well as round (or somewhat round) tubing, referring to the cross-sectional shape of the tubing. Generally the rectangular tubing is hidden by the body panels 24, whereas most of the outwardly visible tubing is the round tubing. The round tubing is strong for perimeter support and has a desirable appearance that may signify off-road ability to some users. The round tubing is able to provide impact protection in strategic locations as well, such as along the bottom edge of the vehicle, the front and rear of the vehicle, and for the roll cage. The square tubing is advantageous for inner chassis support as it can be used to secure vehicle components without the need for as many tabs fixed to the chassis. Items can be secured to the rectangular tubing sides, such as by a simple weld or a fastener.
The vehicle 10 also includes a prime mover, preferably a gas-powered engine 26. The engine is held by the chassis 12. The engine is drivingly coupled to a pair of front wheels 28, having front tires 30 mounted thereon, the front wheels 28 being held to the chassis 12 with a front suspension 32. The engine is also drivingly coupled to a pair of rear wheels 34, having rear tires 36 mounted thereon, the rear wheels 34 being held to the chassis 12 with a rear suspension 38. Front and rear suspensions 32, 38 will be described in more detail below in connection with
Spaced below the door panels 46 are foot panels 48. Foot panels 48 cover a lower portion of the chassis 12 and aid in keeping the occupants feet and legs within the vehicle 10. Panels extending forward of the foot panels provide front fenders 50, arching over the front tires 30. Left and right side panels 52, 54, extend above and behind foot panels 48. Side panels 52, 54 are secured to the chassis 12 rearward of the door panels 46. The space between side panels 52, 54, foot panels 48 and front fenders 50 is the access opening in the side of the vehicle 10. This opening is selectively closed by the doors 40, 42.
The front of the vehicle 10 is also shown in
The rear outer aspects of the vehicle are shown in
A head panel 72 bridges the space between the cargo box 66 and the occupant cabin. The head panel includes an upper engine access door 74. This door preferably provides access to the top of the cylinder head (the valve cover and spark plugs) of the engine 26. Thus, minor maintenance tasks can be performed on the engine without removal of the head panel 72 and cargo box 66. The access door 74 is preferably secured closed with fasteners on its lower corners.
Within the occupant cabin a dashboard 76 is positioned forward of the seats 14, 16 and steering wheel 18. The dashboard 76 extends rearwardly from hood 56 and front fenders 50. The dashboard 76 includes openings for the steering column and the instrument gauge. In standard fashion it allows room beneath for the occupants legs. A floorboard 78 is also seen in
Portions of the drive system of vehicle 10 are shown in
The left side of the vehicle 10 includes an air intake opening 90 within the left side panel 52. An engine air intake duct 92 and a CVT air intake duct 94 both extend from this opening 90, to the airbox 88 and the CVT 86, respectively.
Details of the chassis 12 are seen in
More specifically the chassis front portion 104 includes front bars 110, front support frame 112, bumper bars 114, and various brackets 116. Front bars 110 are round tubular frame pieces welded together and extending along the front of the chassis 12, curving slightly outwardly from top to bottom. The front bars 110 are bolstered behind by the front support frame 112. Bumper bars 114 are fastened to front bars 110 forward of front bars 110. As discussed below, bumper bars 114 provide securement and protection for the radiator and help secure the lights and winch 62.
The chassis mid portion 106 includes undercarriage frame members 118 that are secured at their forward end to the chassis front portion 104. Preferably the undercarriage frame members are tubes with rectangular cross sections welded together, except for an outer lower rail 120 that has a larger, round cross section. Lower rail 120 extends along the lower sides of the chassis mid portion 106 to protect the chassis from impacts. As seen in
Rising up from undercarriage frame 118 near the bend in lower rail 120 is a front frame member 122 on each side of chassis 12. Front frame members 122 rise upwardly and forwardly to meet a dash bar 124. Dash bar 124 extends across the front of chassis mid portion 106 and is also connected to the tops of front bars 110 inboard of the connections to front frame members 122. Dash bar 124 is also preferably of larger, round cross-sectional shape. After connecting with front frame members 122, the dash bar 124 bends upwardly and rearwardly to connect to the roll cage 20.
At the rear ends of lower rails 120, rear frame members 126 extend upwardly, defining the rear corners of chassis mid portion 106. These frame members, rectangular in cross section, extend upwardly and slightly rearwardly to a connection with a head bar 128 and the rearward end of the roll cage 20. Head bar 128 extends from one side of the rear of the chassis mid portion 106 to the other. Head bar 128 and the rear frame members 126 frame the upper and sides of a chassis opening into which the engine and transaxle are preferably inserted. These chassis members form the rear structural support for the vehicle.
Additional support frame members are provided in the chassis mid portion 106. Side support members 130 extend between rear frame members 126 and front frame members 122 on each side of the chassis mid portion 106. Side support members 130 also secure a seat support frame 132 in place. Seat support frame 132 extends across chassis mid portion 106 from one side to the other and includes securement brackets for seats 14, 16. Seat support frame 132 is preferably constructed of two separate weldments—a front weldment and a rear weldment. The front weldment is secured to the rear weldment with longitudinally extending channels between the two. A passenger grip 134 is also fastened to the seat support frame 132. The passenger grip 134 extends upwardly and forwardly from a front mid portion of the seat support frame 132. As will be discussed below, the passenger grip 134 extends upwardly on the medial side of the passenger seating area.
The chassis rear portion 108 also includes lower rearward supports 144 that triangulate the connection between the chassis mid portion 106 and the chassis rear portion 108. Rearward supports 144 extend from the rearward ends of lower rails 120 to the rear lower frame members 136. These supports also provide securement for engine front mounts 146 in the forward end of the chassis rear portion 108. Transaxle rear mounts are also provided; they are secured to the rear support members at the rearward end of the chassis rear portion 108. The engine and transaxle mounts will be shown in more detail in connection with the engine and transaxle discussed below.
Also shown in
Additional body panels 24 are within the vehicle cabin including an engine cover 158, a center console 160, a battery cover 162, and a lower engine access panel 164. Rear panel 82 is formed in two parts—a right side and a left side. The engine cover 158 is formed of a right and a left part, fastened down the middle. The two outer sides extend from the two sides of passenger area rear panels 82 and are attached thereto. The center console 160 is a raised hump between the seats that accommodates the driveline, the shift cable, cooling hoses, and the electrical harness. An opening in the top of the center console 160 allows for movement of the shift lever. The lower engine access panel 164 is held on the forward end of the engine cover and allows access to the oil filter and dipstick, as will be shown in more detail below.
An upper engine cover 166 is also provided at the rear of the head panel 72 within the cargo box 66. Upper engine cover 166 extends integrally from head panel 72. It includes the upper engine access door 74, mentioned above.
Also shown among other components is a brake reservoir 174, which is accessible under the hood panel 56. Several components are accessible under the hood panel 56, including the radiator 170, the headlight assemblies 172, a steering assembly 176, and portions of the front suspension 32. Above the hood and other body panels, roll cage couplers are provided at the upper ends of the dash bar 124. Note that storage space 180 is also provided under the hood panel 56. A bin or other member may be advantageously provided under the hood for this purpose. As several components along with storage space 180 may be accessed under the hood panel 56, hand fasteners are preferably provided to secure hood panel 56 in place.
The door frames 44 include upper and lower bars over which the door panels 46 are secured. An interior passenger door hand hold 184 extends from the upper bar to the lower bar on the passenger door frame 44 above and to the right of the front of the passenger seat 16. Door hand hold 184 is angled forwardly as it extends upwardly so as to provide a comfortable grip to the occupants.
In the case of the passenger door handle, it provides a convenient place for the passenger to grasp when riding to steady himself or herself as the vehicle 10 moves. The passenger may comfortably grasp the door handle 184 with the right hand and the passenger grab bar or grip 134 with the left hand. The handle 184 and bar 134 are located at the forward end of the seating area at nearly the same longitudinal location along the vehicle 10. The grab bar 134 also helps to separate the passenger from interfering with the operation of the vehicle. For example, the bar 134 separates the passenger from a shift lever 188. Thus, the passenger's leg will not bump the shift lever 188 that extends up through the center console 100. The grab bar is preferably a bar of round cross section with a rubber grip on the upper end thereof. The door handles 184, 186 may also have rubber grips.
A throttle pedal 190 and a brake pedal 192 are also accessible to the driver seated in the driver seat 14. As the preferred embodiment of the vehicle utilizes a CVT, a clutch pedal is not shown, although can be provided in alternate embodiments. The pedals 190, 192 are forward of and slightly above a heel rest 194. Heel rest 194 is provided in the floorboard 78 as an angled face providing a step for locating the heel of the driver by feel. This allows the driver to easily place his or her foot at the proper location to operate the vehicle 10 even while traversing rough terrain. Undercarriage frame 118 may extend behind the floorboard 78 adjacent the underside of heel rest 194 to provide additional support. The floorboard rearward of heel rest 194 may be sloped to provide for the step of heel rest 194. Heel rest 194 extends between driver footrest 156 and a floorboard hump. It also extends on the passenger side of floorboard 78 between the passenger footrest 154 and floorboard hump 196. Floorboard hump 196 houses a portion of the driveline, hoses, and electrical wires.
The arrangement of the vehicle 10 provides a low center of gravity and places the driver and passenger low in the vehicle near the center of gravity of the vehicle. This helps improve the stability and ride quality of the occupants over rough terrain. Extending the wheelbase to over 80 inches, preferably about 83 inches also aids in the stability of the vehicle and allows the positioning of the seats 14, 16 lower in the chassis 12.
With the lower engine access panel 164 removed, an oil filter 204 and dipstick 206 may be accessed as shown in
Steering rods 220 are coupled between the steering assembly (not shown) and the knuckle assembly 216. Right and left “half shaft” front axles also move with the suspension, connected between the front gear box (not shown) and the hub 218. Shock absorbers 224 with springs are coupled between the chassis, specifically brackets on the front bars 110, and the upper arms 212. Loads are transferred through the front bars 110 to the dash bar 124, the roll cage 20, and the front frame members 122 and so forth to bridge to the rear of the vehicle 10.
Turning to the rear suspension,
The rear sway bar assembly interacts with the rear suspension 38. A sway bar 238 links the right and left lower A-arms 228. Sway bar 238 extends rearward of the rear tubes 140 and is mounted to the rear tubes 140 with sway bar mounts 240 secured to a rear bracket 241 that extends between rear tubes 140. Sway bar mounts 240 hold sway bar 238 from translational movement while allowing rotational movement. After extending beyond rear tubes 140, the sway bar 238 bends forward to the outboard sides of the suspension brackets 230 and inboard of the shock absorber and spring assemblies 234. The forward ends of sway bar 238 are coupled to sway bar links 242 that extend downwardly to couplings with lower A-arms 228. Lower A-arms 228 include cross members 229 extending from forward to rearward portions of lower A-arms 228. The lower ends of links 242 are secured to the cross members 229. See
As shown in
The rearward end of the transaxle 84 is secured to the rearward end of the chassis rear portion 108. As mentioned above, mount brackets 148 are secured to the rearward case of the transaxle 84. Frame brackets 248 are secured to the rear tubes 140 and the suspension bracket 230. Frame brackets 248 provide a mount for rear isolation members 250 that are placed between frame bracket 248 and mount bracket 148. Rear isolation members 250 are similar to isolation members 246. As will be discussed in more detail below, the engine 26 and transaxle are coupled together. Thus, with two isolation members used at the rear of transaxle 84 and two used at the front of engine 26, the engine-transaxle assembly is secured to the chassis 12 with four isolation members for a secure arrangement that isolates vibrations from the transmitting to the chassis and vehicle occupants. As the CVT is also coupled to the engine and transaxle, and not directly to the frame members, it too is isolated from the chassis with the isolation members 246, 250. Other components, including the engine air intake tract also benefit from this isolation mounting, as will be described below.
The engine 26 and transaxle 84 are coupled with an engine plate 252 and a transaxle plate 254 that are fastened together. A single coupling plate or simply fasteners from the engine to the transaxle are employed in alternate embodiments. The engine plate 252 is fastened to the engine crankcase and includes a portion facing the transaxle plate 254, which is fastened to the transaxle 84. The two plates are secured together with fasteners. Providing two plates fastened together provides for the construction of the plates with accurate tolerances for securement to the engine and transaxle mounting locations.
The transaxle transfers power to the front axles through a forwardly extending transaxle shaft 256 drivingly coupled to a driveshaft 258. The driveshaft 258 extends under engine 26 and center console 160 toward the front of the vehicle 10. The driveshaft 258 extends beneath (and between in plan view) the engine front mounts 146 and isolation members 246. A spline connection 260 couples the transaxle shaft 156 and driveshaft 258 while allowing some small movement between them as the chassis slightly flexes while the vehicle 10 is in operation. A front driveshaft 262 is coupled to driveshaft 258 to extend the driveline to the front gearbox. The driveshaft 258 and front driveshaft 262 are secured together with another spline connection. A frame coupler 264 is preferably placed near the connection to secure the front driveshaft in place while allowing for rotational movement.
The transaxle transfers power to the rear axle through the transaxle rear drive 267 with splined couplings that open to the right and left of the rear portion of the transaxle 84. The rear half shafts are secured to the transaxle rear drive 267.
Likewise, the transaxle plate 254 is preferably cut and stamped into shape. Alternatively it may be forged or cast or made by other methods. Transaxle plate mount tabs 266 are formed to securement to the front of the transaxle case above the transaxle shaft 256. Six fasteners secure the engine plate 252 to the transaxle plate 254.
In placing the engine into the chassis, the engine 26 and transaxle 84 are fastened together first with mount plates 254, 252, then the assembly is placed within the chassis rear portion 108. The engine front mounts 146 and transaxle rear mount 148 are preferably secured to the engine 26 and transaxle 84 prior to inserting the assembly as well. In one embodiment, the CVT secured to the engine and transaxle prior to insertion of the assembly.
A CVT exhaust duct 294 is also shown in
A filter mount 314 and a mount fastener 316 secure the air filter in place over a filter frame 326 (seen in
Besides the filter frame 326,
Some aspects of the positioning of radiator 170 were shown and discussed above.
Details of a fuel tank 334 will now be described in connection with
The front left corner of fuel tank 334 is includes a large recess to receive the vehicle battery. A battery tray 344 is secured to the undercarriage frame 118 to hold the bottom of the battery.
The positioning of the fuel tank and the battery under the passenger seat 16 of the vehicle 10 somewhat balances the right to left weight of the vehicle, especially if a passenger is not riding along. This positioning also maintains a low center of gravity with these relatively heavy components—fuel and battery—being at the bottom of the vehicle.
Overall, the center of gravity of the vehicle is kept longitudinally and vertically near the hip or lower spine of the driver. The center of mass of the driver is preferably longitudinally between the center of the wheelbase and the center of mass of the vehicle 10. Vertically, the preferred clearance of the center of the vehicle is approximately 10 inches above the ground. The seat index point (“SIP”) of the driver is approximately 14 inches above the underside of the chassis mid portion 106. Thus, the occupants feel like they are riding “down in” the vehicle in a low, stabile location. This positioning aids in controlling the vehicle as the occupants are not jostled about as the vehicle 10 is driven over rough terrain. Yet the visibility of the occupants is still adequate.
While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, as noted above, many changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited by the disclosure of the preferred embodiments. Instead, the invention should be determined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/905,321 entitled OFF-HIGHWAY RECREATIONAL VEHICLE and filed Feb. 26, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/684,863 entitled OFF-HIGHWAY RECREATIONAL VEHICLE that was filed Aug. 23, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/143,353 entitled OFF-HIGHWAY RECREATIONAL VEHICLE that was filed Apr. 29, 2016 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,771,112, which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/775,133 entitled OFF-HIGHWAY RECREATIONAL VEHICLE that was filed Feb. 23, 2013 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,327,587, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/485,696 entitled VEHICLE CONFIGURATION that was filed May 31, 2012 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,180,801, the entirety of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13775133 | Feb 2013 | US |
| Child | 15143353 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15905321 | Feb 2018 | US |
| Child | 16224308 | US | |
| Parent | 15684863 | Aug 2017 | US |
| Child | 15905321 | US | |
| Parent | 15143353 | Apr 2016 | US |
| Child | 15684863 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13485696 | May 2012 | US |
| Child | 13775133 | US |
