Oil detection process

Abstract

A process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in a manufactured product, the process comprising adding a fluorescent taggant to oils or lubricants contained in processing machinery for the product, irradiating the product with radiation, such as infrared or ultraviolet radiation, and detecting radiation emitted from the irradiated product.

Description

FIELD

Disclosed herein is an on-line inspection system for detection of oil and/or grease contamination on tobacco, tobacco products, food pharmaceuticals, packaging, and other consumer goods and products.

ENVIRONMENT

In the processing and packaging of comestible consumer products and products designed to provide tobacco enjoyment, oils, greases and lubricants may inadvertently come into contact with the product being produced.

In the case of products designed to provide tobacco enjoyment, tobacco leaf is processed prior to the time that it is provided as cut filler. For example, leaf may be contacted by machinery during harvesting, curing and transport to a stemmery. When leaf is provided in strip form at a stemmery, and cut or otherwise shredded to the desired size, it is possible for oils, greases and lubricants to inadvertently come into contact with the tobacco. Likewise, lubricants used in operating the various machines used in the processing of the tobacco can inadvertently come into contact with that tobacco. The sources of lubricant contamination can vary, such as when a particular piece of machinery or component of that piece of machinery fails to operate in an optimum fashion.

Lubricants may inadvertently come into contact with tobacco due to leakage of lubricants through gaskets or seals, from sliding mechanisms, from drum systems, from gear boxes, from pumps, from sealed rolling bearing units, from chains and belts, and the like. Lubricants are used in conditioning cylinders, threshers, separators, redryers, receivers, feeders, conveyors, cutters, blenders, tobacco presses and other such pieces of equipment that are commonly used in tobacco stemmeries and in tobacco primary processing operations.

Lubricants of similar compositions are used throughout the various stages of tobacco treatment and cigarette manufacture. Heretofore, it has been difficult for the cigarette manufacturer to detect the presence of oil in its tobacco and/or its cigarettes and to locate the source of a particular lubricant once it has been detected.

It would be advantageous if inspection of tobacco and tobacco products could be conducted on-line, that is, in real time during the production process.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the invention resides in a process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in a manufactured product, the process comprising adding a fluorescent taggant to oils or lubricants contained in processing machinery for the product; conveying the product past a detection apparatus; irradiating the product with radiation from the detection apparatus as it passes the detection apparatus; and detecting radiation emitted from the irradiated product.

In another form, the invention is directed to a process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in a tobacco product, the process comprising adding a fluorescent taggant to oils or lubricants contained in tobacco processing machinery; conveying tobacco product past an infrared detection apparatus; irradiating the tobacco product with radiation from the detection apparatus as it passes the detection apparatus; and detecting radiation emitted from the irradiated tobacco product.

In yet another form the invention is directed to a system for localization of oil contamination, comprising a tipping machine for tobacco rods having an infrared detection apparatus comprising a high intensity infrared light source directed at tipped tobacco rods and a high speed NIR spectrometer sensor tuned to detect an emitted signal from an Indocyanine Green (ICG) complex disposed in the oil.

The irradiated product absorbs the original radiation and re-emits radiation of a different wavelength than the original radiation, which then may be detected as disclosed herein.

In another form, the invention is directed to a method for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in a manufactured product or a manufacturing process. The method includes the steps of adding a first fluorescent oil soluble or dispersible taggant to oils or lubricants contained in processing machinery for the product, irradiating the product with radiation of a first wavelength during the manufacturing process, and detecting radiation of a second wavelength emitted from the irradiated product, wherein the first fluorescent oil soluble or dispersible taggant is a Stokes-shifting taggant that absorbs ultraviolet radiation of the first wavelength and fluoresces or emits light at a second wavelength, the second wavelength including visible light.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The forms disclosed herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the various stages in the process of cigarette manufacturing;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic front elevational view of a filter tipping machine which includes the detection apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a detailed diagrammatic view of the detection apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a representation of the infrared absorption and emission peaks of the Indocyanine Green (ICG) complex taggant, illustrating the Stokes-shift;

FIG. 5 is a representation of the infrared absorption and emission peaks of a modified ICG-complex, illustrating a secondary emission peak;

FIG. 6 is a representation of the infrared absorption peak for the modified ICG-complex of Example 1; and

FIG. 7 is a representation of the infrared excitation and emission peaks for the modified ICG-complex of Example 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects will now be described with reference to specific forms selected for purposes of illustration. It will be appreciated that the spirit and scope of the apparatus, system and methods disclosed herein are not limited to the selected forms. Moreover, it is to be noted that the figures provided herein are not drawn to any particular proportion or scale, and that many variations can be made to the illustrated forms. Reference is now made to FIGS. 1-7, wherein like numerals are used to designate like elements throughout.

Each of the following terms written in singular grammatical form: “a,” “an,” and “the,” as used herein, may also refer to, and encompass, a plurality of the stated entity or object, unless otherwise specifically defined or stated herein, or, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the phrases “a device,” “an assembly,” “a mechanism,” “a component,” and “an element,” as used herein, may also refer to, and encompass, a plurality of devices, a plurality of assemblies, a plurality of mechanisms, a plurality of components, and a plurality of elements, respectively.

Each of the following terms: “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “comprises,” and “comprising,” and, their linguistic or grammatical variants, derivatives, and/or conjugates, as used herein, means “including, but not limited to.”

Throughout the illustrative description, the examples, and the appended claims, a numerical value of a parameter, feature, object, or dimension, may be stated or described in terms of a numerical range format. It is to be fully understood that the stated numerical range format is provided for illustrating implementation of the forms disclosed herein, and is not to be understood or construed as inflexibly limiting the scope of the forms disclosed herein.

Moreover, for stating or describing a numerical range, the phrase “in a range of between about a first numerical value and about a second numerical value,” is considered equivalent to, and means the same as, the phrase “in a range of from about a first numerical value to about a second numerical value,” and, thus, the two equivalently meaning phrases may be used interchangeably.

It is to be understood that the various forms disclosed herein are not limited in their application to the details of the order or sequence, and number, of steps or procedures, and sub-steps or sub-procedures, of operation or implementation of forms of the method or to the details of type, composition, construction, arrangement, order and number of the system, system sub-units, devices, assemblies, sub-assemblies, mechanisms, structures, components, elements, and configurations, and, peripheral equipment, utilities, accessories, and materials of forms of the system, set forth in the following illustrative description, accompanying drawings, and examples, unless otherwise specifically stated herein. The apparatus, systems and methods disclosed herein can be practiced or implemented according to various other alternative forms and in various other alternative ways.

It is also to be understood that all technical and scientific words, terms, and/or phrases, used herein throughout the present disclosure have either the identical or similar meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specifically defined or stated herein. Phraseology, terminology, and, notation, employed herein throughout the present disclosure are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.

The detection system of the present invention can be used in many processes and for consumer products which are susceptible to lubricant contamination during the manufacturing process, such as for example in the growing, collection, processing and/or packaging of packaged consumer goods, such as food products, beverages, tipped and non-tipped cigars, cigarillos, snus and other smokeless tobacco products, smoking articles, electronic cigarettes, distilled products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods and other consumer goods, and the like. Further applications could include clothing, furniture, lumber or any other manufactured or packaged product wherein an absence of oil is desired.

According to the present invention, a detectable taggant compound is added to the various lubricants used in manufacturing and processing machinery, and advantageously taggant compounds having different characteristics are added into the lubricants at different processing locations, such that detection of one or more of these taggant compounds can enable rapid identification of the location of the source of lubricant contamination in the manufactured product.

Advantageously, the taggant compound is one which is detectable by fluorescence when it is exposed to particular wavelengths of light. In particular, a suitable taggant is one which absorbs energy at one wavelength and fluoresces/emits at a different wavelength. Such materials are well-known in the art as Stokes-shifting materials, and have recently found increasing use in inks for security marking of documents, such as banknotes and the like, to render such documents less susceptible to counterfeiting or copying. However, some conventional Stokes-shifting and anti-Stokes conversion materials are composed of inorganic compounds, such as doped rare earth metal particles, such as those described in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2010/0219377, which are insoluble in lubricants.

In one form, the taggant may be comprised of purified crystals from naturally occurring chlorophyll. Suitable naturally-occurring chlorophyll crystals include Chlorophyll A (CAS number 1406-65-1) and Chlorophyll B (CAS number 519-62-0). These taggants are known as being down-converting or fluorescent, and are sensitive to a particular narrow wavelength of IR light (680 nanometers). The taggant emits back this particular of light at a different wavelength (715 nanometers). A similar compound may be a benze-indolium perchlorate or a benze-indolium tosolyate. Such materials absorb around 670 nanometers and emit at a wavelength of 713 nanometers. Another material with down-conversion properties is Indocyanine Green (ICG). The chemical structure for Indocyanine Green and Chlorophyll A are provided below.

In another form, an oil-soluble fluorescent material has been developed based on Indocyanine Green (ICG), the chemical structure of which is provided above. ICG is sodium 4-[2-[(1E,3E,5E,7Z)-7-[1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfonatobutyl)-benzo[e]indol-2-ylidene]hepta-1,3,5-trienyl]-1,1-dimethylbenzo[e]indol-3-ium-3-yl]butane-1-sulfonate, an infrared fluorescing compound currently used in the medical industry for imaging cells and blood flows in the human body, which in its conventional form is water-soluble. This newly developed taggant is an ICG-complex which is sensitive to a particular narrow absorption wavelength of IR light at about 785 nanometers, and emits light at a different wavelength of about 841 nanometers. Suitable ICG-complex is available from Persis Science LLC, Andreas Pa. ICG complex is present in the amounts of approximately 1 ppb to 5%, more preferably a range of 1 ppm to 2000 ppm. The chemical structure for a tetrabutylammonium chloride complexation of ICG is provided below.

The present detection system utilizes near-infrared (NIR) emission, wherein a high intensity IR light source is directed at tobacco products and emitted IR light from the taggant is gathered and analyzed using a high speed NIR spectrometer sensor tuned to detect the emission signal from the particular taggant added to the oil. Adequate measures are made to prevent the detector from being able to see the excitation wavelength. This is done through the use of proper filters placed over the detectors. The light from the laser is pulsed at a frequency of about 800 Hz and the detector is inversely pulsed to detect the taggant. NIR light can penetrate into various materials, such as tobacco rods, to a depth of several millimeters, even enabling subsurface inspection of finished cigarettes. The high speed NIR sensor can detect tagged oils/lubricants at speeds of over about 2,000 feet per minute or 4,000 feet per minute or more. In the production of cigarettes, the high speed NIR sensor can detect tagged oils/lubricants of finished cigarettes at a rate of 15,000 per minute (about 4,920 feet per minute), or even at a rate of 20,000 per minute (about 6,560 feet per minute).

The high-speed detector comprises an IR laser diode that is used to excite the taggant at its “absorption” frequency and a sensor that is tuned to receive light at the taggant's “emission” frequency. If the sensor detects the presence of the taggant, it can change the state of its output contacts. These output contacts can be used to stop the manufacturing equipment and set an alarm and/or to reject the oil contaminated product.

The taggant can be added to process machinery lubricants at concentrations between about 10 ppm and 100 ppm, typically at a concentration of about 50 ppm, based on the weight of the oil/lubricant. At these taggant concentration levels the detection system can detect as little as 10 microliters of oil, or even as little as 1 microliter of tagged oil.

The NIR emission detectors can be placed virtually anywhere along the process, such that a signal received by a detector at a known location will indicate oil contamination in the processed material almost immediately, readily indicating the location of the source of contamination directly upstream of the detector.

In an alternative form, the nature of the ICG complexing agent can be modified to impart one or more secondary NIR emission wavelengths adjacent to the major wavelength peak at 840 nanometers. By utilizing such variations in the complexing agent, and adding differently complexed ICG compounds in lubricants at differing locations in the overall process, a single detector can be located at the end of the process, and when contamination is detected, the contaminated product can be removed from the process and further analyzed for the secondary NIR emission peaks, to determine the location of the source of contamination.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram showing the various stages in the process of cigarette manufacturing is presented. As shown. Tobacco is first harvested at farm 10, which, in the case of tobacco for use in cigarette manufacturing or the production of moist smokeless tobacco (MST), will be harvested at least in part by machinery. Tobacco in the form of leaf is baled and received at a receiving station 20 from farm 10. Again, the opportunity exists for the tobacco bale to come into inadvertent contact with lubricated machinery at receiving station 20. The baled tobacco may be transferred to a stemmery 30 wherein large stems are removed by machines to produce destemmed tobacco. The destemmed tobacco is packed into bales which are then stored for a suitable time period of up to several years. Destemmed tobacco is then transferred to manufacturing center 40, wherein various types of tobacco strip may be machine blended according to a predetermined recipe. The blended tobacco may be treated by adding various flavorants to provide a cased tobacco, which is then cut to provide tobacco “cut filler.” Various other types of tobacco can be added to the cut filler including puffed tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, tobacco reclaimed from rejected cigarettes, and the like, to provide a final product blend. The blend may be then fed to make/pack machine 50, which includes a continuous cigarette rod making apparatus. The continuous rod is then cut, optionally tipped, and packed, typically through the use of high-speed machinery.

As may be appreciated from the above description, in tobacco processing, tobacco comes into contact with machinery at many different points in the overall process, such as machinery used during the growing and harvesting operations on the farm, handling equipment at the receiving station or auction house, machinery in the stemmery, on conveyors, conditioners, cutters and silos in the primary manufacturing centers, and ultimately on makers, tippers and packers in the make/pack manufacturing centers. By utilizing a different taggant in the lubricants of the machinery at each of these locations, the discrete source and/or location of contamination can be readily determined by inspection/detection of the finished product.

In FIG. 2, a typical filter tipping machine 100 for tobacco rods is shown, which comprises a frame supporting a rotary drum-shaped conveyor 101 having axially parallel peripheral flutes each of which contains a single plain cigarette C of unit length. The cigarettes C in the neighboring flutes of the conveyor 101 are staggered with reference to each other as seen in the axial direction of the conveyor 101, so that they form two rows each adjacent a different axial end of the conveyor 101. Successive plain cigarettes C of one row are transferred into successive flutes of one of two rotary drum-shaped aligning conveyors 102, and the cigarettes C of the other row are transferred into successive flutes of the other aligning conveyor 102. The conveyors 102 advance the respective plain cigarettes C at different speeds and/or through different distances to align each cigarette C of one row with a cigarette C of the other row not later than at the transfer station at which successive axially aligned pairs of plain cigarettes C (with a clearance between their neighboring (inner) ends) are admitted into successive axially parallel peripheral flutes of a rotary drum-shaped assembly conveyor 103.

A magazine 104 at the top of the frame of the filter tipping machine contains a supply of filter rod sections of six times unit length. The outlet of the magazine 104 admits discrete filter rod sections of six times unit length into successive axially parallel peripheral flutes of a rotary drum-shaped severing conveyor 106. The latter cooperates with two axially and circumferentially staggered rotary circular knives 107 which subdivide each oncoming filter rod section of six times unit length into groups of three coaxial filter rod sections of double unit length each.

Successive groups are delivered into the flutes of a composite rotary drum-shaped staggering conveyor 108 which moves at least two filter rod sections of each group relative to each other and relative to the third filter rod section in a circumferential direction and transfers successive filter rod sections of double unit length into successive flutes of a rotary drum-shaped shuffling conveyor 109. The latter cooperates with suitable cams or the like (not shown) to form a single row of aligned filter rod sections which are advanced sideways into successive flutes of a rotary drum-shaped combined accelerating and inserting conveyor 111. The conveyor 111 inserts discrete filter rod sections of double unit length into the aforementioned clearances between successive pairs of plain cigarettes in the oncoming flutes of the assembly conveyor 103 so that each such flute of the conveyor 103 which has advanced beyond the transfer station between the conveyors 103 and 111 contains a group of three coaxial rod-shaped articles including two axially spaced-apart tobacco rods of unit length and a filter rod section of double unit length between them. Successive groups are caused to advance between two cams or the like (not shown) which cause the tobacco rods to move axially toward each other so that their inner ends abut the respective ends of the filter rod section between them. The thus condensed or shortened groups are transferred into successive flutes of a rotary drum-shaped transfer conveyor 112.

The frame of the filter tipping machine further supports an expiring reel 114 for a supply of an elongated web or strip 113 which is convoluted onto the core of the reel 114. The web 113 is advanced lengthwise by rollers 116 which cause it to advance over the pronounced edge of a conventional curling tool 117, and a rotary drum-shaped suction conveyor 119 thereupon causes the web 113 to advance into and beyond a paster 118 serving to coat one side of the web with a film of a suitable adhesive. The adhesive-coated leader of the web 113 is severed at requisite intervals at the periphery of the suction conveyor 119 to yield a succession of adhesive coated discrete portions or uniting bands which are attached to successive groups of rod-shaped articles in the flutes of the transfer conveyor 112. Each uniting band extends along and slightly beyond both axial ends of the respective filter rod section of double unit length.

Successive groups of rod-shaped articles (each such group carries a uniting band) are transferred onto a drum-shaped rolling or wrapping conveyor 122 which cooperates with a normally stationary rolling member 123 to convolute the uniting bands around the respective filter rod sections and around the adjacent inner ends of the respective pairs of plain cigarettes C of unit length. The thus obtained filter cigarettes C of double unit length are delivered into the flutes of a rotary drum-shaped adhesive drying or setting conveyor 124 which, in turn, delivers successive filter cigarettes C of double unit length into the peripheral flutes of a rotary drum-shaped subdividing conveyor 126 cooperating with a circular knife to sever each filter cigarette C of double unit length midway across the tubular wrapper (converted or rolled uniting band) so that a conveyor 127 of a turn-around device 129 receives pairs of coaxial filter cigarettes C of unit length. The device 129 inverts one filter cigarette C of each pair end-for-end so that the single-length filter mouthpieces of all filter cigarettes C face in the same direction not later than on a further conveyor 128 of the turn-round device 129 and the inverted and non-inverted filter cigarettes C form a single row of parallel cigarettes C which are caused to move sideways.

The conveyor 128 delivers successive filter cigarettes C of the single row into successive flutes of at least one inspection drum 131 which is followed by a combined testing and reject drum 132. As may be appreciated, the present invention contemplates the case in which each flute of an inspection drum of a tipping machine receives two cigarettes. Any reference herein to a flute of an inspection drum receiving a single cigarette is meant to cover such a case as well. The inspection drum 131 can advance successive filter cigarettes C of unit length past one or more NIR testing devices 140 each which irradiates cigarettes C with IR radiation having a wavelength of about 805 nm, and detects reflected IR radiation at wavelengths at or about 840 nm (in the case where the taggant is an ICG complex). As is conventional, inspection drum 131 may also be employed to detect loose ends, air leaks around filter tips, etc. The reject drum 132 receives a signal from and cooperates with control device 140 to eject those filter cigarettes C which are detected to contain one or more of the taggants according to the present invention. A take-off conveyor (e.g., an endless belt or chain conveyor having an endless flexible element 136 trained over several pulleys, sheaves or sprocket wheels 134 of which only one is actually shown in FIG. 2) cooperates with a decelerating device 133 and serves to advance satisfactory filter cigarettes C of unit length to a next processing station, e.g., into a reservoir or into a packing machine or to another destination.

FIG. 3 is a detailed illustration of inspection drum 131 which holds a series of tipped cigarettes C on a fluted wheel via vacuum. Each cigarette C is irradiated with IR radiation at a wavelength of about 805 nm along the entire length of the cigarette C as it passes IR detection device 140, and instantaneously emits IR radiation at wavelengths at or about 840 nm from any tagged oil which might be contained in the cigarette C. The emitted IR radiation is in turn detected by IR detection device 140, which sends a signal to reject drum 132 to reject the identified cigarette C.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of the absorption and emission peaks of the presently disclosed ICG-complex taggant, and FIG. 5 an illustration of the absorption and emission peaks of a modified ICG-complex, showing a secondary emission peak of a longer wavelength on the shoulder of the primary emission peak.

In one form, when the NIR detection device detects the presence of the taggant primary emission peak, the identified cigarette is rejected and ejected from the system. Subsequent to ejection, the cigarette can be re-analyzed with another NIR detection device which can identify the secondary wavelength peaks from any of the variety of differently-complexed ICG taggants, so as to determine the source of lubricant contamination throughout the system.

In another form, a process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in a manufactured product produced from raw materials is provided. The process includes the steps of adding a first taggant to an oil or lubricant of a machine for preparing raw materials for a manufacturing operation, adding a second taggant to an oil or lubricant of a machine used in a manufacturing operation for manufacturing the product, conveying the product past a detection apparatus adapted to distinguish the first taggant from the second taggant so as to discern the source of oil or lubricant contamination (i.e., whether the source of oil is from production of a raw (or direct) material or from the production of the final product of which the raw material is a part). In one form, for example and not by way of limitation, the first taggant is added to the oil or lubricant of a machine for preparing raw materials for shipping. Further, for example and not by way of limitation, the second taggant may be added to the oil or lubricant of a packaging machine. The product may be irradiated with infrared radiation from the detection apparatus as it passes the detection apparatus and infrared radiation emitted detected from the irradiated product. It is envisioned that if a plurality of machines are involved to produce a raw material, then a plurality of taggants would be utilized individually as to each of them. Likewise, if a plurality of machines is involved to produce the final product, then a plurality of taggants would also be utilized individually as to each of them.

In one form, the invention is directed to a process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in a manufactured product and/or package therefor. The process includes the steps of adding a first fluorescent oil soluble taggant to each oil or lubricant used in the processing and/or packaging machines employed in the manufacturing and/or packaging of the product, irradiating the product with radiation of a first wavelength during the manufacturing process, and detecting radiation of a second wavelength emitted from the irradiated product. In this form, the first fluorescent oil soluble taggant is a Stokes-shifting taggant.

Advantageously, the first fluorescent oil soluble or dispersible taggant is visibly detectable, wherein the taggant is a component which absorbs ultraviolet radiation and fluoresces or emits radiation in the visible light spectrum (a UV-VIS taggant), such that a machine operator or product inspector can readily detect a contaminated product. This can provide not only a less expensive taggant, but also a more facile and cost efficient inspection process for use in high speed production settings, since the relatively high cost of high-speed UV detection equipment can be avoided. Of course, detection can be conducted with a suitable device adapted to detect light at the emitted wavelength(s).

According to this form, the first oil soluble or dispersible taggant can be selected from among those commercially available taggants listed in Table 1, below.

TABLE 1
Product Number	Concentration	Description
		UV - Blue
		UV - Blue
HP1013		UV - Greenish Yellow, Also Used
		for BP Starch
FHI-440T		UV - Blue
Lum-28	1000 ppm	UV - Red (Light Fast)
CT-LUM-R		UV - Red/Orange
CT-LUM-R		Uv-Green
		UV - Red
		UV - Green
		UV - Red
CT-FAB-G		UV - Green
CT-HP-1625-R	1000 ppm	UV - Red
CT-HP-1420-B	1000 ppm	UV - Blue

Each of the above-listed taggants is available from Code Tech Corporation, which is located at 120-308 Stryker Lane, Hillsborough, N.J. 08844.

Observation of this first, detection taggant on a manufactured product or package therefor alerts machine operators or inspectors to oil or lubricant contamination within the manufacturing system and provides the opportunity to reject such product.

In another form, a second oil soluble fluorescent taggant, different from the first fluorescent taggant is added to the oils or lubricants contained in the processing machinery. In this form, each piece of processing equipment or machinery is provided with a different second taggant added to the oils or lubricants thereof, so as to provide the ability to discriminate between the different possible sources of product contamination, by analysis and identification of these different, discriminating taggants. These discriminating taggants may be the infrared Stokes-shifting taggants described above, such as an ICG-complex, which absorb infrared radiation at a first wavelength and emit infrared radiation at a second wavelength. It is also envisioned that the discriminating taggants may comprise others, including those that might fluoresce in a different spectrum or a different part of the visible spectrum than the first taggant in response to UV or other radiation.

Thus, according to this form, products in a manufacturing process can be continuously screened by a machine operator or inspector by irradiating them with a simple ultraviolet light. Upon noticing visible fluorescence, the operator/inspector can remove any or all of the contaminated products, and send them to a laboratory wherein a detailed infrared analysis is conducted to determine the emitted wavelength of the discriminating taggant, so as to identify which piece of processing machinery is the source of contamination.

Since this form of the invention is directed to detection of surface contamination, detection of oil or lubricant contamination can be conducted not only on cigarette rod wrapping papers, but also on containers, such as cans or the like, for other tobacco.

As one skilled in the art would plainly recognize, a further utility exists for this process with respect to food products or other products wherein oil or lubricant contamination could be an issue.

Specific forms will now be described further by way of example. While the following examples demonstrate certain forms of the subject matter disclosed herein, they are not to be interpreted as limiting the scope thereof, but rather as contributing to a complete description.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

500 mg of complexed ICG (Product No. OT-1013, available from Persis Science LLC of Andreas Pa.) is dispersed into 1.0 kg of Kluberoil 68 using a speedmixer. Kluberoil 68 is available from Klüber Lubrication North America L.P., Londonderry, N.H. The material is mixed for 10.0 minutes at a speed of 2100 RPM. The resulting concentrate is slowly added to an additional 100.0 kg of Kluberoil 68 while stirring under high speed dispersion. A sample of the material is placed into a Shimadzu 5301 Fluorometer and the excitation and emission spectrographs are recorded. When excited at a wavelength of 785, a strong infrared emission is noted from 810 nanometers to 960 nanometers. See FIG. 6 for a representation of the infrared absorption peak for the modified ICG-complex of Example 1 and FIG. 7 for a representation of the infrared excitation and emission peaks for the modified ICG-complex of Example 1.

Example 2

The above example is modified slightly using a tetrabutylammonium bromide complexation of an Infrared dye available, IR830 available from Sigma-Aldrich of St. Louis, Mo. After mixing, it is noted that the material will produce fluorescence around 833 nanometers when excited with approximately 0.5 mW of 785 light

As may be appreciated, other tobacco- and non-tobacco-related consumer product applications can benefit from the invention disclosed herein. Contemplated tobacco-related applications include cigars, cigarillos, MST, pouched tobacco products. dry snuff, chewing tobacco and snus. The taggants disclosed herein may be applied in accordance with these teachings to various machines and machine modules that execute various manufacturing operations at points along the manufacturing process of interest. The systems and methods disclosed herein can be modified for compatibility with such applications.

While the present invention has been described and illustrated by reference to particular forms, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the invention lends itself to variations not necessarily illustrated herein. For this reason, then, reference should be made solely to the appended claims for purposes of determining the true scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for detecting machine oil or lubricant contamination in a manufactured product, the process comprising: adding a first fluorescent oil soluble or dispersible taggant to a machine oil or lubricant used in two or more processing or packaging machines employed in manufacturing or packaging of a product, the first fluorescent oil soluble or dispersible taggant being a Stokes-shifting taggant configured to absorb radiation of a first wavelength and responsively fluoresce or emit radiation at a second wavelength;conveying the product through an inspection drum;irradiating the product in the inspection drum with radiation of the first wavelength emitted from an IR radiation emitter disposed adjacent the inspection drum;visually detecting radiation in the inspection drum of the second wavelength responsively fluoresced or emitted from the irradiated product;conveying the product through a reject drum;ejecting the product from the manufacturing or packaging process and from the reject drum based on the visually detecting radiation of the second wavelength; andconveying the ejected product along a take-off conveyor away from the product.

2. The process of claim 1, further comprising: adding a second oil soluble or dispersible fluorescent taggant, responsively different from the first oil soluble or dispersible fluorescent taggant, to a machine oil or lubricant of a processing or packaging machine.

3. The process of claim 2, wherein the second oil soluble or dispersible fluorescent taggant is a Stokes-shifting taggant that responsively fluoresces or emits radiation at a third wavelength.

4. The process of claim 2, further comprising: detecting the second oil soluble or dispersible fluorescent taggant.

5. The process of claim 4, wherein the detecting the second oil soluble or dispersible fluorescent taggant permits identification of a source of the machine oil or lubricant.

6. The process of claim 2, wherein a third fluorescent taggant is added to a machine oil or lubricant of a processing or packaging machine.

7. The process of claim 1, wherein the product is a cigarette rod.

8. The process of claim 1, wherein the product is a food product.

9. The process of claim 1, wherein the product is a container or package for a food product.

10. The process of claim 1, wherein the product is a container or package for a tobacco product.

11. The process of claim 1, wherein the product is moved along a process flow path, andthe irradiating the product is at a location on the process flow path downstream of the two or more processing or packaging machines, the visually detecting radiation is at a location on the process flow path downstream of the irradiating the product, and the ejecting the product is at a location on the process flow path downstream of the visually detecting radiation.

12. A process for detecting machine lubricant contamination in a product produced by a manufacturing or processing operation, comprising: adding a first taggant to a machine lubricant of a first machine, the first taggant being a Stokes-shifting taggant configured to absorb radiation of a first wavelength and fluoresce or emit radiation at a second wavelength;adding a second taggant to a machine lubricant of a second machine;conveying the product through an inspection drum;irradiating the product in the inspection drum by an IR radiation emitter disposed adjacent the inspection drum;detecting radiation emitted from the product in the inspection drum responsive thereto, the detecting radiation emitted from the product including distinguishing the first taggant from the second taggant so as to discern a source of machine lubricant contamination;conveying the product through a reject drum; andejecting the product in the reject drum having the first taggant, the second taggant, or a combination thereof based on a signal from the reject drum.

13. The process of claim 12, wherein the second wavelength includes visible light.

14. The process of claim 12, wherein the second taggant is a Stokes-shifting taggant configured to absorb radiation of the first wavelength and fluoresce or emit light at a third wavelength different from the second wavelength.

15. The process of claim 12, further comprising: preparing a raw material for shipping.

16. The process of claim 12, wherein the first machine is a packaging machine.

17. The process of claim 12, further comprising: irradiating the product with radiation from a detection apparatus as it passes the detection apparatus; anddetecting infrared radiation fluoresced or emitted responsively from the irradiated product contaminated with machine lubricant.

18. The process of claim 12, further comprising: removing a contaminated product from the manufacturing or processing operation.

19. A process for detecting machine lubricant contamination in a product produced by a manufacturing or processing operation comprising a plurality of lubricated machines, the process comprising: adding a first taggant to a machine lubricant of a first machine of the manufacturing or processing operation;adding a second taggant to a machine lubricant of a second machine of the manufacturing or processing operation;adding a third taggant to the machine lubricants of the first and second machines of the manufacturing or processing operation, the third taggant being a Stokes-shifting taggant configured to absorb radiation of a first wavelength and fluoresce or emit radiation at a second wavelength;conveying the product through an inspection drum;irradiating the product in the inspection drum with radiation of the first wavelength emitted from an IR radiation emitter disposed adjacent the inspection drum during the process;detecting radiation of the second wavelength fluoresced or emitted responsively from the irradiated product in the inspection drum;conveying the product through a reject drum;transferring a contaminated product from the manufacturing or processing operation and from the reject drum to a take-off conveyor when radiation of the second wavelength is detected;conveying a removed product to a secondary inspection drum on the take-off conveyor; andirradiating the removed product and detecting radiation emitted from the removed product responsive thereto in the secondary inspection drum, the detecting radiation emitted from the removed product including distinguishing the first taggant from the second taggant so as to discern a source of machine lubricant contamination.

20. The process of claim 19, wherein the first taggant, the second taggant, or both the first taggant and the second taggant is a Stokes-shifting taggant configured to absorb ultraviolet radiation of the first wavelength and fluoresce or emit light at a second wavelength, the second wavelength including visible light.

21. The process of claim 19, wherein the first taggant, the second taggant, or both the first taggant and the second taggant is a Stokes- shifting taggant configured to absorb infrared radiation of the first wavelength and fluoresce or emit light at a third wavelength different from the first wavelength.

22. The process of claim 19, further comprising: preparing a raw material for shipping.

23. The process of claim 19, wherein the first machine, the second machine, or the first machine and the second machine is a packaging machine.