Patent Application
20180294811
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of electronics, and in particular to an operational amplifier, a driving interface, a measurement and control device, a driving circuit and a driver.
In a field of electronic measurement and control involved in a working process of an electronic, electrical or intelligent product, whether a bidirectional interface device in and outside an existing Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Micro Control Unit (MCU) is used for inputting or outputting when being practically operated is determined by a direction selection circuit through an outgoing control line, and a practical direction and applicability of a level conversion circuit during application are determined during manufacturing and production. For example, a Darlington driving device ULN2003 is used for outputting driving; a bus driver 74HC245 is required to be determined by a direction pin when being operated; various data selectors are used for inputting selection; various data allocators are used for outputting allocation; a photocoupler cannot be used for inputting if being designed for outputting in a practical application circuit, and on the contrary, cannot be used for outputting if being designed for inputting; and a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) driver has a constant current driving function.
An interface circuit or level conversion circuit in the related art has the following defects.
One, for a unidirectional interface circuit, after an application circuit is designed or manufactured, an input or output direction of the application circuit is determined, and it is very difficult to change the input or output direction during a practical application.
Two, for a bidirectional interface circuit, after an application circuit is designed or manufactured, an adapted port voltage or current range of the application circuit is determined, and it is very difficult to apply the application circuit to an environment with high-voltage input or a high-current driving requirement during a practical application.
Three, undiversified application of a signal acquisition or output driving circuit board card applied to a field of measurement and control is determined in a design process, and is unlikely to be changed during a practical application, and no corresponding board card is allowed to be added regardless of lack of a path of input or output and sufficient redundancy of board cards applied to the other direction, so that a circuit structure is complex, and cost is increased.
Four, when a measurement and control product is researched and developed, there always exist problems of lack of either input or output and the like when a manufactured board card is debugged on the spot, unless there is sufficient redundancy left regardless of cost, and at this moment, if modification of a hardware design and remanufacturing are required, a research and development period is obviously prolonged.
Five, after a board card product is shaped, if software function upgrading is required, there usually exists a problem of lack of an input or output port.
Six, on the same application board card, a corresponding input or output interface chip is usually required to be selected according to a measurement and control object, which further causes increase of research and development cost or inventory management cost of a production element.
Seven, a withstanding voltage value of an input port of an MCU or a CPU is limited not to be twice higher than a working voltage of an interface circuit or a level conversion circuit, which seriously influences an application range of the MCU or the CPU.
For a problem of application circuit performance reduction caused by an incapability of an interface circuit or a level conversion circuit in supporting conversion of an input or output interface in the related art, no effective solution has been provided yet.
At least some embodiments of present disclosure provide an operational amplifier, a driving interface, a measurement and control device, a driving circuit and a driver, so as at least to partially solve a technical problem of application circuit performance reduction caused by an incapability of an interface circuit or a level conversion circuit in supporting conversion of a high-voltage input interface and a high-current output interface in the related art.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, an operational amplifier is provided, which is used as at least one of an input interface and output interface, and when the operational amplifier corresponds to one transistor, an external circuit of the transistor further includes: a first port, connected with a base of the transistor through a first resistor; a second port, connected with an emitter of the transistor; a third port, connected with a collector of the transistor; and a fourth port, connected with the emitter of the transistor through a second resistor and used as a public port for signal input and signal output.
In one embodiment, the operational amplifier further includes: a first diode, connected in series with the first resistor, and an anode of the first diode is connected with the first resistor and a cathode of the first diode is connected with the base of the transistor, or an anode of the first diode is connected with the first port and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first resistor.
In one embodiment, the operational amplifier further includes: a second diode, of which an anode is connected with the emitter of the transistor and a cathode is connected with the third port.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a driving interface which is a current or voltage driving interface, is further provided, and the driving interface includes above-mentioned operational amplifier, and a first port and fourth port of the operational amplifier are suspended, and a driving current or a driving voltage flows into a second port of the operational amplifier, and flows out of a third port of the operational amplifier through a second diode of the operational amplifier, and the third port of the operational amplifier is connected with a driven object.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a measurement and control device is further provided, which includes at least one measurement and control interface, and the measurement and control interface is above-mentioned operational amplifier.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a driving circuit, which is arranged to drive an LED, is further provided, and the driving circuit includes above-mentioned operational amplifier, and the driving circuit further includes: a first resistance voltage divider, of which an adjustable end is connected with a first port of the operational amplifier and the other end of the operational amplifier is connected with a power supply, and an anode end of a driven LED is connected with the power supply or a power supply common-grounded with a fourth port, and the other end is connected with a third port in the operational amplifier; and a second resistance voltage divider, of which an adjustable end is connected with a second port of the operational amplifier and the other end is grounded.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a driver, which is arranged to drive an electronic graph-text display screen, is further provided, and the electronic graph-text display screen includes at least one driving signal input interface, and the driver includes: a driving circuit, connected with the at least one driving signal input interface, and the driving circuit includes at least one above-mentioned operational amplifier; a control element, connected with the driving circuit and arranged to control a driving process of the driving circuit over the electronic graph-text display screen; and a power supply, connected with the driving circuit and the control element respectively.
In one embodiment, the driving circuit includes: a power port, connected with the power supply, and the power port is a common port of a first port of the at least one operational amplifier, and a current in-phase input port or voltage inverted input port of the operational amplifier corresponds to a base port of one transistor; at least one emitter port, connected with the control element respectively, and a current inverted input port or voltage in-phase input port of each operational amplifier corresponds to an emitter port of one transistor; at least one collector port, connected with the at least one driving signal input interface, and an output port of each operational amplifier corresponds to one collector port; and a grounding port, which is a common port of a fourth port of the at least one operational amplifier.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a detection device, which is arranged to detect an on/off state of a switch, is further provided, and the detection device includes above-mentioned operational amplifier, and a third port of the operational amplifier is used as a signal input port and the detection device further includes: the switch used as a detected object, of which one end is connected with a collector of a transistor of the operational amplifier through the signal input port and the other end is grounded; and a current limiting resistor, arranged to convert the on/off state of the switch into a low/high state of a level signal, and the third port of the operational amplifier is connected with a power supply of the detection device or a power supply common-grounded with a fourth port through the current limiting resistor.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a sensor, which is applied to detection of a signal level state in a wide voltage fluctuation range, is further provided and the sensor includes above-mentioned operational amplifier, and a detected signal source is connected with a third port, a detection signal is output from a second port, and a magnitude of a current shunted from the detected signal source for a transistor is controlled by adjusting a second resistor or a first resistor.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the operational amplifier is used as at least one of an input interface and output interface. When the operational amplifier corresponds to one transistor, the external circuit of the transistor further includes: the transistor; the first port, connected with the base of the transistor through the first resistor; the second port, connected with the emitter of the transistor; the third port, connected with the collector of the transistor; and the fourth port, connected with the emitter of the transistor through the second resistor and used as the common port for signal input and signal output. The operational amplifier of the embodiments of the present disclosure implements flexible conversion between an input interface and an output interface, thereby achieving technical effects of widening an application range of the operational amplifier and improving overall performance of an application circuit and further solving the technical problem of application circuit performance reduction caused by an incapability of an interface circuit or a level conversion circuit in supporting conversion of the input or output interface in the related art.
The drawings described here are adopted to provide a further understanding to the embodiments of the present disclosure, and form a part of the present disclosure. Schematic embodiments of the embodiments of the present disclosure and descriptions thereof are adopted to explain the embodiments of the present disclosure and not intended to form improper limits to the embodiments of the present disclosure. In the drawings:
In order to make solutions of embodiments of the present disclosure better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are not all embodiments but only part of embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art on the basis of the embodiments in the present disclosure without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
It is important to note that terms “first”, “second”and the like in the specification, claims and drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure are adopted not to describe a specific sequence or order but to distinguish similar objects. It should be understood that data used like this can be exchanged under a proper condition for implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure described here in a sequence except those shown or described herein. In addition, terms “include” and “have” and any transformation thereof are intended to cover nonexclusive inclusions. For example, a process, system, product or device including a series of elements is not limited to those elements which are clearly listed, but includes other elements which are not clearly listed or intrinsic to the process, the product or the device.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an embodiment of an operational amplifier is provided. It is important to note that the operational amplifier of the embodiment is used as an input interface of an application circuit, is also used as an output interface of the application circuit, and is further simultaneously used as the input and output interfaces of the application circuit.
a transistor Q; a first port Vdj, connected with a base B of the transistor Q through a first resistor Rb; a second port I/Oe, connected with an emitter E of the transistor Q; a third port I/Oc, connected with a collector C of the transistor Q; and a fourth port GND, connected with the emitter E of the transistor Q through a second resistor Re and used as a public port for signal input and signal output.
The first port Vdj is used as a control voltage input port regulating a magnitude value of a current absorbed from the port I/Oc. The second port I/Oe is used as a port for level output of a level state value of a sampling point directly connected with the third port I/Oc and target driving high current input. The third port I/Oc is used as a port connected with the sampling point with a wide voltage fluctuation range and configured for constant current input and target driving high current output. The fourth port GND is used as a public port configured for signal input and output and connected with a cathode of a working power supply.
As shown in
Q is the transistor, also called as a transistor triode and also habitually called by part of people as a triode, and represents an open collector output current operational amplifier Ia. And B is the base of the triode Q, is an in-phase input end for the represented open collector output current operational amplifier Ia, and is connected to the port Vdj through the resistor Rb. A magnitude of a current flowing through Rb simultaneously determines a magnitude of a current flowing into the port I/Oc. E is the emitter of the triode Q, is an inverted input end for the represented open collector output current operational amplifier Ia, is directly connected to the port I/Oe, and is also connected to the port through the resistor Re. When a voltage applied to Vdj is constant, the current flowing into the port I/Oc is lower if resistance of the resistor Re is higher. C is the collector of the triode Q, is an output end for the represented open collector output current operational amplifier Ia, is directly connected to the port I/Oc, and is also a sampling current sinking port.
It is important to note that the triode Q in the embodiment of the present disclosure is a bipolar ordinary transistor triode, adopts a Negative-Positive-Negative (NPN) type structure, like the triode Q shown in
As an optional embodiment,
As an optional embodiment,
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a driving interface is further provided. The driving interface is a current or voltage driving interface, and the driving interface includes an operational amplifier shown in
When the operational amplifier shown in
When the operational amplifier shown in
It is important to note that when the operational amplifier shown in
It is important to note that if a difference between the voltage applied to I/Oe and Vdj reaches or exceeds a Vebo value of the triode Q but is within an allowable range of maximum power consumption of Re, a diode is connected in series between Vdj and the base B of the triode Q, such as Db in
The operational amplifier shown in
Ic=β*Ib (333.1).
β in the formula (333.1) is a current amplification coefficient of Q, for the same triode Q or current amplifier Ia, β is a constant value, and for different triodes Q or current amplifiers Ia, β is a different value. From the formula (333.1), it can be seen that the magnitude of the current Ib flowing into the base B of Q through the resistor Rb is regulated to determine a magnitude of the current Ic flowing into the collector C of Q through the port I/Oc. According to the Ohm law:
I=V/R (333.2).
It can be seen that an output voltage obtained from I/Oe is: Ve=(Ic+Ib)*Re, i.e.
Ve=(β+1)*Ib*Re (333.3).
From the formula (333.3), it can be seen that under the condition that a value of a voltage Vc applied to the port I/Oc is not smaller than a minimum linear working voltage of Q or la when the resistor Re is constant. In other words, under the condition that the formula (333.1) is ensured to be true, an obtained practical magnitude Ve of the port I/Oe is related to Ib after transmission to the port I/Oe. That is, the magnitude of the voltage Ve is unrelated to the voltage value Vc applied to the port I/Oc as long as the magnitude of Ib does not change in the working process, so that a purpose of chopping is achieved.
It is important to note that when the operational amplifier shown in
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a sensor is further provided. The sensor is applied to detection of a signal level state in a wide voltage fluctuation range. The sensor of the embodiment includes any operational amplifier shown in
When any operational amplifier shown in
According to the abovementioned measurement requirement, when a level state of a measurement target point changes, input impedance of the measurement instrument including the sensor is required to be as high as possible. That is, a magnitude of a current shunted from the measured point or a generated voltage drop is required to be as small as possible. Therefore, when states of high level signals which are or practically have conducted interference signals are measured, those skilled in the art think of photocouplers at first. According to a working principle and technical manual of a photocoupler, it can be known that a current of about 5 mA and even higher is required to pass through the photocoupler to reliably detect the signal state. That is, the current of about 5 mA and even higher is usually required to be shunted from the measured point when a voltage change of the measured point is measured by a parallel method, which is unfavorable for a high-resistance signal source or a target component working with a low current. It is also difficult to measure that the current flowing through the measured point is higher than a maximum working current allowed to enter the photocoupler by a series method.
That is, a normal working state of a measured relay is influenced when whether a working voltage is loaded to a coil of the relay with a low working current of which a holding current does not reach 20 mA and a high working voltage or not is detected by the parallel method with the photocoupler. Normal working states of the photocoupler and the measured relay are also influenced when whether a working current is loaded to the coil of the relay of which the working current is higher than 30 mA or not is detected in series with the photocoupler. And for a direct current relay of which a working voltage is not higher than 6V, it is impossible to detect whether it is in a normal working state or not by a method of connecting the photocoupler in series.
According to the principle that the operational amplifier shown in
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, measurement and control device is further provided. The measurement and control device includes at least one measurement and control interface, and the measurement and control interface may include any operational amplifier shown in
From the above, it can be seen that the operational amplifier circuit in the embodiment of the present disclosure has a directionless control selection circuit, supports an input or output operation anytime, is freely changed for input or output even though a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) has been manufactured and shaped and even surface-mounted and welded or mounted in field device, and thus seems more active and favorable than an interface device on the current market for supporting of an intelligent measurement and control product. Therefore, an operation that a certain port is used as input if being required to be used as input and a certain port is used as output if being required to be used as output is implemented anytime. And the intelligent product is more intelligent.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a driving circuit is further provided. The driving circuit is used as an input driving circuit, and the driving circuit may be arranged to drive an object working at a constant current, such as an LED. The driving circuit may include any operational amplifier shown in
The LED is a positive temperature coefficient device, and is required to be driven by a circuit with a current limiting function when working to ensure that a maximum current flowing through the LED will never exceed an allowed maximum working current value. According to the above, it can be seen that the operational amplifier circuit in the embodiment of the present disclosure meets a basic requirement of an LED driving circuit, and can be arranged to drive some common LEDs, as shown in
In
First, when a resistance value of an emitter E of a triode Q, i.e. the port I/Oe, to the GND is fixed, a magnitude value of a voltage loaded to the port Vdj is adjusted to adjust a magnitude value of the working current of the LED. In
Second, when the voltage value loaded to Vdj is fixed, a magnitude of resistance of the resistor Redj connected in parallel with the port I/Oe is adjusted to correspondingly change the magnitude of the current flowing through the LED. If the resistance of Redj in
It is important to note that the LED in
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a driver is further provided. The driver is used as an information driver, and the driver is arranged to drive an electronic graph-text display screen. And the electronic graph-text display screen includes at least one driving signal input interface.
The driving circuit II includes at least one operational amplifier shown in
Optionally, the array structured driving circuit II is arranged to drive LED electronic graph-text display screens with multiple standard interfaces.
And the power port is a common port of a first port, i.e. a port Vdj, of the at least one operational amplifier, and a current in-phase input port or voltage inverted input port of the operational amplifier corresponds to a base port of a transistor. A current inverted input port or voltage in-phase input port of each operational amplifier corresponds to the emitter port of a transistor, i.e. I/Oe1, I/Oe2, . . . , I/Oen. And an output port of each operational amplifier corresponds to a collector port, i.e. I/Oc1, I/Oc2, . . . , I/Ocn. Vdj ports of each basic element in the driving circuit II are all connected to the same Vdj port, GND ports of each basic element are also all connected to the same GND port, I/Oe and I/Oc of each element are independently led out respectively to form I/Oe1, I/Oe2, . . . , I/Oen and corresponding I/Oc1, I/Oc2, . . . , I/Ocn of the array structured integrated circuit, and here, a number of the elements is n=2, 3, . . . , 32.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a detection device is further provided. The detection device is arranged to detect an on/off state of a switch. The detection device includes any operational amplifier shown in
For example, an on/off state of a horn switch of an automobile is detected by virtue of the detection device in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
VII in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The embodiments of the present disclosure achieve the following technical effects.
One, the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure is a bidirectional interface circuit which does not require direction selection control and is also adapted to input and output. The bidirectional interface circuit includes few circuit components, and is simple in structure and easy to integrally manufacture, a component production process and application technology are mature, and a product is convenient to popularize and use, and has great market potential.
Two, when the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure is used for manufacturing or transforming a board card which has been widely applied to the field of measurement and control, the board card has more uses than that manufactured by taking another component as an interface circuit. A direction between input and output is changed more flexibly, and product research and development and practical application are both facilitated.
Three, because of no requirement on direction selection control, when the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure is used as an interface device, port pin resources of a CPU or an MCU are saved. Software overhead and a board card area of a PCB are also reduced, and a research and development period, production cost and maintenance cost of the whole application system are reduced. Particularly when some input or output ports are insufficient but some other output or input in the same system has sufficient redundancy, or when positions of some input or output ports are required to be adjusted, using the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure can prevent a corresponding application board card from being remanufactured, and is required to redefine a mapping relationship between a software port and a hardware port.
Four, when the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure is used as an input interface, since the sampling current can be adjusted to be lower than 1 mA and even lower than an mA level, during application to sampling of a high-voltage high-impedance signal with conducted interference noise, for a photoelectric coupling input port required to shunt a current of at least about 5 mA from a sampling point, influence on the signal source is obviously reduced.
Five, when the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure is used as an input and output port of an intelligent product, since there is no direction selection requirement, the circuit is freely used for input or output, the product seems higher in “intelligence”, and the software and hardware overhead is lower.
Six, the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure is automatically adapted to requirements of multiple input and output interface circuits, and reduces research and development and warehousing and management cost of a production element, and researchers and developers intensively study performance, parameters and application technologies of fewer interface circuits, thereby shortening the period.
Seven, the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure dynamically or statically drives an LED device, so that the interface circuit is applied to the field of human-computer interfaces, and products designed by the researchers and developers are more flexible in application and more powerful in function.
Eight, during application to a driver skill testing system, the same hardware is respectively applied to acquisition of various signals required by driving testing on vehicles and driving of LED electronic graph-text information screens on roofs of the testing vehicles by the array interface circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure through corresponding software.
Nine, when being applied to the driver skill testing system, the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure is automatically adapted to testing vehicles with 12V and 24V power supply systems, and an adaptive function is not necessary when a resistor current limiting or voltage division sampling method is adopted.
Ten, when a state signal detection sensor is manufactured by virtue of the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure, because the state signal detection sensor has the chopping function, the conducted interference noise is greatly attenuated, which is far better than a photocoupler. Because the state signal detection sensor has the current limiting function, the output voltage obtained from the output port I/Oe is constant, and for a voltage signal of which a detection voltage does not exceed a maximum value allowed by I/Oc, a voltage isolation function is approximate to the photocoupler, but shunting influence is far better than the photocoupler.
Eleven, when the circuit of the embodiments of the present disclosure is applied to manufacturing of an input and output interface of an MCU or a CPU, a bearable input level value is far higher than a working voltage of the circuit, so that a peripheral circuit structure of the application system is greatly simplified.
Sequence numbers of the embodiments of the present disclosure are adopted for description, and do not represent quality of the embodiments.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, each embodiment is described with different focuses, and parts which are not elaborated in a certain embodiment refer to related descriptions of the other embodiments. In some embodiments provided by the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content may be implemented in another manner.
The above are exemplary implementation modes of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art further make a plurality of improvements and embellishments without departing from the scope protection as claimed in claims of the present disclosure, and these improvements and embellishments shall also fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201511018182.6 | Dec 2015 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2016/079734 | 4/20/2016 | WO | 00 |
