Patent Application
20240359497
The present invention relates to a printing plant and process, in particular for digital inkjet printing, for pre-coated strips, and in particular to the arrangement of a printing process in-line with pre-coating to prepare the surface of the product for printing, making it suitable for ink adhesion.
Pre-coated strips have a variety of applications and are widely used in the field of indoor and outdoor architecture, in civil and industrial construction and in the household appliance industry. There is a rising demand in this sector for strips with increasingly complex decorative designs.
The usual technique for producing these pre-coated strips with complex designs involves the following steps, illustrated with reference to the attached
The first step sees the application of a first coat, the primer 10, followed by the drying 12 and subsequent cooling 14 of said primer; the second step involves the application of a second coat 16, that is, the base coat, which constitutes the background of the design to be obtained, followed by drying 18 and subsequent cooling 20 of the coats. In a third step, there follows the application of the design or the print 22, for example using thinned or unthinned inks with a solvent on the base coat of the previously created double coat, with the subsequent drying of the ink, and finally, in a fourth step, the application of a clear coat 24 also followed by drying 26 and subsequent cooling 28. The various steps listed above are reflected in a succession of devices in the pre-coating and printing plant, which precisely follow one another in this order: a first coating device, a first oven, a first cooling device, a second coating device, a second oven, a second cooling device, a printer, a third coating device, a third oven and a third cooling device. The flowchart of
Ink application or printing technologies have evolved technically and technologically over time, but the following techniques are generally used today:
Application with printing rollers (rotogravure), usually consisting of two to five rollers, with a negative design imprinted on the roller; application with printing rollers by flexographic technique, usually consisting of a unit of two to five rubber-coated rollers with an embossed (positive) design on the rubber surface; and application with a four-colour digital inkjet printer. All technologies have their limits. In particular, there is a common disadvantage to all state-of-the-art technologies: The application of two coats (primer+base coat) before printing entails an increase in operating costs and a complexity in the arrangement of the pre-coating and printing plant, imposing the need to operate by using three drying or heating ovens for the three coats (primer+base coat+clear coat).
The disadvantages associated with the roller application are as follows: The design is constrained by the circumferential development of the roller used. Each design involves the use of a dedicated series of rollers; therefore, the cost of investment is high and the management of a product portfolio with numerous designs to be produced is particularly complex.
In relation to the current state of the art, application using digital printing has other drawbacks such as: Solid-state, solvent-free UV inks have reduced heat resistance, reduced flexibility and reduced resistance to external environmental conditions. In the event of leakage, UV ink has a greater environmental footprint and is much more expensive to handle. Curing or heat drying of the ink takes place in the printing machine which has integrated UV lamps. State-of-the-art documents disclosing ink printing on metal substrates are JP 2017 047370 A and US 2007/0085983 A1.
The object of the invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose, in view of the limitations of the various techniques and technologies for pre-coating and printing on metallic strips, a plant and process for pre-coating and printing on metallic strips, which is less complex, requires fewer components, is cheaper, and preferably provides higher print resistance with a lower environmental footprint.
Further objects or advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description.
In a first aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by means of a plant for pre-coating and printing, by digital inkjet, of a metallic strip, comprising, in the following order:
Said plant, which provides for the application of a single coat that performs the simultaneous functions of primer and base coat, eliminates the need, before printing, of two drying ovens, two cooling devices and two coating devices, thus halving the number of components in the pre-coating step. The invention makes it possible to create a pre-coating and printing line that requires only two ovens for heat drying or curing the coats, the first being necessary for the drying and thus polymerization of the initial coat, which acts as a primer and a base coat, and the second, placed after the printing unit and the application of the clear coat, being necessary for the drying/polymerization of the latter.
The plant according to the invention is particularly suitable for printing on continuous strips. In this regard, the plant advantageously also comprises means for conveying the strip through the various components of the plant itself. In order not to compromise the definition of the printed image during its movement through the printing unit, it is advisable to centre the strip to be printed and maintain a defined strip tension. In this regard, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the printing unit comprises, in the following order:
The strip tension control system is preferably an “S-like” bridle system. A possible “S-like” bridle system for controlling strip tension can be provided at the entrance of the clear coating device.
The pass-line rollers limit the vertical vibrations of the strip.
Advantageously, the strip to be printed is guided through said centring system and said first strip tension control system to be subsequently guided underneath said one or more print heads, here advantageously transported by means of a conveyor belt, and then guided to the outlet of the printing unit through said second strip tension control system. The conveyor can advantageously be provided with a pneumatic support surface adapted to sustain the corresponding section of the strip on an air cushion. The bridle systems virtually cancel out the tension in the longitudinal direction of the strip. Strip levelling systems placed before said one or more print heads are also conceivable. Such a strip centring and tension system is described, for example, in patent application IT 102018000007488.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant further comprises, in the printing unit, a strip position sensor, while the print head(s) is/are mounted onto a slide that can translate orthogonally to the direction of the strip's motion and wherein the plant comprises a corresponding control unit configured to manage the movement of the slide according to the values as detected by the position sensor to compensate for the lateral deviation of the strip's position as measured by the position sensor.
In order to optimize the application of the clear coat, the plant according to the invention comprises, in an embodiment of the invention, furthermore downstream of the printing unit and upstream of the second coating device, a strip temperature sensor, in particular a temperature transducer, adapted to measure the temperature of the strip and send the measured value to a corresponding control unit configured to control automatically the speed of the strip and/or the flow rate of the third cooling system to bring the temperature measured by the temperature sensor back within predetermined values. Advantageously such a control unit is the same that manages the movement of the above slide and the same that controls all the components of the pre-coating and printing plant. To control the slide, which can support one or more print heads, and the strip's temperature, different first and second control units are also conceivable.
A second aspect of the invention relates to a process for pre-coating and printing, in particular digital jet printing, of a metallic strip, comprising the following steps, in the order indicated:
In order not to compromise the definition of the print image, in a preferred embodiment of the invention said strip is centred before step (IV). Advantageously, before and after step (IV) the strip is tensioned, in particular using a plant as defined in the second claim.
In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the combined coat is polyester-melamine based and, once dried, makes it possible to obtain perfect ink adhesion from the digital jet printing.
The combined polyester-melamine coat is advantageously white in colour. The coat intended for application onto the strip preferably has a viscosity of between 60 and 90 seconds measured according to DIN Standard 53211. The latter standard requires a flow cup with a capacity of 100 cm2 and an outlet hole of 4 mm. At an ambient temperature of 20° C., the test liquid drains completely through the hole and the drainage time is determined. The unit of measurement is the second DIN Standard. The density advantageously is in the range 1000-1500 kg/m3, determined according to the methods illustrated in DIN EN ISO 2811-1-4. Preferably, the combined coat is applied with a final (dried) thickness of 5 to 15 μm.
The combined coat is a type of “adhesion promoter”, more commonly known as an adhesive, that prepares (alters) the surface of the material on which printing is to be carried out, so that the ink adheres to it, and at the same time is adapted to adhere, without pre-coating, to the substrate that can be of various kinds, such as metal, plastic, glass and other substrates that are difficult to print, thus acting simultaneously as a primer and base coat. The market offers a wide range of combined coats, from among which the person skilled in the art can choose the one best suited to the substrate and the ink he/she intends to use.
An ink of the sol-gel type avoids the use of UV lamps for drying and does not require the use of environmentally unfriendly solvents. It is an ink technology that overcomes the limitations of inks currently used and simplifies ink drying. A suitably developed ink for this application is preferably a silane-based thermal polymerization product. Advantageously, the ink uses an ecological solvent that reduces the ink's environmental footprint. In a preferred variant thereof, the ink is characterized by a dynamic viscosity at 25° C. of 6-10 cps determined according to ASTM D 4040/4207 and preferably by a density of between 0.9 and 1.0 g/ml determined according to ISO 12647-3. The ink can be made in the following colours for printing: black, cyan, magenta and yellow.
The sol-gel process is one of the methods used for creating films like ink-films applied with an inkjet printer. A sol-gel type ink comprises colloidal solutions (sol) that constitute the precursors for the subsequent formation of a gel (continuous inorganic lattice containing an interconnected liquid phase) through hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Thermal post-treatments of drying and solidification are generally used to remove the liquid phase from the gel, promote further condensation and increase mechanical properties. Typical precursors for the sol-gel process occur in the form of M(OR)n, MXn, R′-M(OR)n-1, where M represents a metallic centre and X and RO are instead common leaving groups present in metal salts or metal alkoxides, such as the chloride anion in metal halides, while R′ is any organic group bound to the metallic centre via covalent bonds (Si—C, Sn—C) or coordination binders (M=Ti, Zr . . . ). The ink industry offers a large selection of sol-gel type inks for various media, among which the expert can easily identify the one that best suits his/her needs.
To ensure the durability of the printed product, a clear coat compatible with the printed surface is applied over the layer of dried ink. Suitable coatings are commercially available and readily identifiable by the person skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the clear coat is a HD (high-density) polyester. HD polyesters have excellent resistance to the external environment and to chemicals. The clear coat layer preferably has at least one of the following characteristics: a viscosity between 80-120 s (measured according to DIN 53211), a solid content by weight >50% (measured according to UNI EN ISO 3251), and a density in the range of 1000-1500 kg/m3 (measured according to DIN EN ISO 2811-1/2/3/4). The final (dried) thickness applied advantageously corresponds to 10-25 μm.
To optimize the printing and quality of the printed design, a measurement of the position of the strip preferably takes place prior to step (IV), and during step (IV) the position of the print heads is adjusted in order to optimize the application of ink onto the strip based on the measurement of the strip's position.
For the purposes of perfecting the application of the clear coat onto the print, advantageously the process according to the invention provides, in an embodiment thereof, that, after step (IV), the temperature of the strip is monitored and that, if the temperature exceeds a limit value, the speed of the strip is slowed down and/or the drying of the ink is enhanced in order to regulate said drying before application of the clear coat in step (V).
The printing unit can be advantageously equipped with auxiliary systems for ink recirculation and cleaning or washing of the nozzles of the print heads.
The features and advantages disclosed for one aspect of the invention may be transferred mutatis mutandis to the other aspect of the invention.
The industrial applicability is obvious from the moment the pre-coating and printing plant requires fewer components, becomes less complex, and processing becomes cheaper and more and environmentally friendly.
Said purposes and advantages will be further highlighted in the disclosure of preferred examples of embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting example only.
Variant and further features of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. The disclosure of preferred examples of implementation of the plant and process for pre-coating and printing of strips according to the invention, and of auxiliary systems for guiding the strip, controlling its specific tension and centring it, is given by way of example only with reference to the attached drawings. In particular, unless otherwise specified, the number, shape, size and materials of the system and of the individual components may vary, and equivalent elements may be applied without deviating from the inventive concept.
Each step is connected to a corresponding device adapted to perform that step, and precisely in this order: a first coating device for applying the combined coat; a first oven for drying the coat; a first cooling device; the printer; the second coating device for applying a clear coat, preferably with a roller applicator; a second oven; and a second cooling device.
With reference to
At the inlet of the printing unit 122 is a rough strip centring device 130 followed by an “S-like” bridle system 132 for controlling tension of the strip 134. Downstream there follows a fine strip centring device 136 and subsequently pass-line rollers 138 and deflectors (not shown) and a conveyor belt 140. Above the belt conveyor 140 is a plurality of digital inkjet print heads 142. An oven 144 for drying the ink then follows. For cooling of the strip 134 a strip cooling system 146 is needed. To verify that the strip 134 has a suitable temperature to apply the protective clear coat, a probe 148 to measure the temperature of the strip is foreseen before the coating rollers that apply the clear coat (
A possible variant may provide for the addition of a strip position sensor 152 placed after the digital inkjet print heads 142. Said sensor measures the possible deviation of the strip 134 with respect to the centre of the line. In a further embodiment, the deviation measurement is sent to a control unit 154 that controls the transverse movement 156 of a slide (not shown) onto which the print heads 142 are mounted so as to compensate for any lateral displacement.
In a further embodiment, the temperature of the strip measured by a temperature transducer 148 is sent to the line controller 154 which, in the event that the strip's 134 temperature exceeds what is considered to be the limit, intervenes by modifying the process speed and the capacity of the cooling system 146 so as to bring the strip's temperature 134 within the limits deemed acceptable. The control unit 154 manages the entire printing unit 122 and can, in this regard, be connected by cable to the individual elements, or else communicate telematically.
A possible variant may provide for the measurement of the product/process quality parameters for both the top and bottom surfaces of the strip 134.
Appropriately, the combined coat can be based on a polyester coating compatible with the subsequent application of the ink. In an exemplary embodiment, the following sequence of layers may be created on the strip: a first layer based on a combined polyester-based coat with a thickness of about 5-10 μm; an ink layer with a thickness of about 0.5-3 μm; and, finally, a clear coat with a thickness of about 10-20 μm.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102021000008324 | Apr 2021 | IT | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2022/052994 | 3/31/2022 | WO |
