Plant for separation of a gas mixture by distillation

Abstract

A plant for separation of a gas mixture comprises at least two columns which are of the same length. The tops of two of the columns are at the same height.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to a plant for separation of a gas mixture by distillation and, in particular, by cryogenic distillation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] In cryogenic distillation plants, a number of distillation columns are contained in a cold box so as to insulate them from the ambient heat. The height of the cold box is generally determined by the length of the longest column. At the present time, in order to produce argon with less than 1 ppm of oxygen cryogenically, up to 250 trays have to be fitted into the argon column which makes the cold box very tall and causes instability problems. In addition, it contains many empty spaces which must be filled with insulating material.

[0004] DE-A-2633272 describes a double column with a low-pressure column in two sections, the tops of the two sections being at the same height.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The aim of the present invention is to make cold boxes more compact and to reduce the empty spaces inside them.

[0006] One object of the invention is to provide a plant for separation of a gas mixture by distillation, which comprises at least two columns, the tops of two of the columns being at the same height, characterized in that at least two of the columns are of the same length.

[0007] According to other aspects of the invention, provision is made so that:

[0008] two of the columns are of the same length and the tops of these columns are at the same height,

[0009] the tops of the three of the columns are at the same height,

[0010] the tops of all of the columns are at the same height,

[0011] the columns are designed for the separation of air and comprise a first column which is capable of operating at a medium pressure, a second column comprising two sections which are capable of operating at a low pressure, the first column and the first section being thermally coupled by a reboiler/condenser, means for sending fluids from the first column to the second section and means for sending a gas at the top of the first section to the collector of the second section and a liquid in the collector of the second section to the top of the first section, the second section optionally being of the same length as the length of the first section and of the first column,

[0012] four columns are designed for the separation of air, including two designed for the separation of an argon-enriched mixture,

[0013] one of the columns is shorter than at least one of the others and a storage tank is located in the space beneath this shorter column.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] An illustrative embodiment of the invention will now be described with regard to the appended drawings in which:

[0015] FIG. 1 diagrammatically represents a plant for production of oxygen and argon according to the invention;

[0016] FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents a plant for production of nitrogen and oxygen according to the invention.

[0017] FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents a plant combining the concepts of FIGS. 1 and 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG. I shows a double column 1 consisting of a medium-pressure section 2 and a low-pressure section 3 which are thermally coupled by a reboiler/condenser. An argon production unit in two columns 5A, 5B is fed with an argon-enriched fluid coming from the low-pressure section of the double column 1. The tops of the two columns 5A, 5B of the argon production unit and of the low-pressure column 3 lie at the same level.

[0019] This arrangement corresponds to that in EP-A-628 777, this document not however disclosing that the tops of the columns are all at the same level.

[0020] A liquid-nitrogen storage tank 7 is situated in the space beneath the first argon column 5A.

[0021] The cold box 9 contains the double column 1, the argon columns 5A, 5B and the storage tank 7.

[0022] FIG. 2 shows a double column consisting of a medium-pressure section 2 and a low-pressure section 3A. A low-pressure column 3B is serially connected to the low-pressure section 3A.

[0023] The tops of section 3A and column 3B are at the same level. The collector of the low-pressure column 3B is fed with gas from the top of section 3A and liquid is sent from the collector of the low-pressure column 3B to the top of section 3A.

[0024] The length of the low-pressure column 3B is identical to the total length of the double column made up of low-pressure section 3A and medium-pressure section 2.

[0025] The concepts shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 could conceivably be combined with a plant comprising a medium-pressure column 2, a low-pressure column in two sections 3A, 3B and an argon column in two sections 5A, 5B. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the section 3B of the low-pressure column could be situated beneath the section 5A of the argon column (or vice versa).

[0026] FIG. 2 could, of course, be adapted to comprise an argon column fed by the sections 3A, 3B of the low-pressure column.

[0027] Of course, the plant shown in FIG. 1 could comprise an oxygen, nitrogen or argon storage tank beneath the section 5A.

Claims

1. A plant for separating a gas mixture by distillation, which comprises: a first column structure, a second column structure, a third column structure, and a fourth column structure; each column structure having a top and a base; the top of the first column structure and the top of the fourth column structure being at the same level, and the first column structure and the fourth column structure having substantially the same height; the first column structure comprising a first column and a first section of a second column; the second column structure comprising a second section of the second column; the third column structure comprising a first section of a third column; the fourth column structure comprising a second section of a third column; the top of the first column being thermally linked with the base of the first section by means of a condenser or a boiler; means for feeding the gas mixture to the first column of the first column structure; means for sending fluids from the first column to the second column; means for transferring fluid to the top of the first section of the second column from the bottom of the second section of the second column; means for transferring fluid from the top of the first section of the second column to the bottom of the second section of the second column; means for withdrawing fluid from the second column and sending it to the third column structure; means for withdrawing fluid from the third column structure and sending it to the second column; means for transferring fluid to the top of the first section of the third column from the bottom of the second section of the third column; means for transferring fluid from the top of the first section of the third column to the bottom of the second section of the third column; and means for withdrawing fluid from the top of the fourth column structure; and wherein the second and third column structures are located one above the other.

2. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the top of the third column structure is at the same level as the tops of the first and fourth column structures.

3. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the second section of the third column has a top condenser.