Patent Grant
11458778
The present technology relates to a pneumatic tire and a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire, and more particularly relates to a pneumatic tire that can reduce a rolling resistance of a tire and improve a cutting resistance of the tire and a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire.
With pneumatic tires of recent years, there is a demand to reduce a rolling resistance of a tire for fuel economy improvement. Additionally, there is a demand to improve a cutting resistance with respect to contact with a curb or the like. Generally, when a rubber thickness of a sidewall portion is reduced, while the rolling resistance of the tire decreases, the cutting resistance of the tire worsens. Because of this, these two effects are in a mutually exclusive relationship.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-538768 provides an example conventional pneumatic tire.
The present technology provides a pneumatic tire that can reduce a rolling resistance of a tire and improve a cutting resistance of the tire. The present technology also provides a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire.
A pneumatic tire according to the present technology is a pneumatic tire provided with a carcass layer and a sidewall rubber disposed on an outer side in a tire width direction of the carcass layer, the pneumatic tire comprises a resin coating applied on a predetermined region A of a sidewall portion, wherein a minimum value of a wall thickness t of the sidewall portion in the region A applied with the resin coating is in a range of 0.05 mm≤t≤4.0 mm.
Additionally, a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire according to the present technology is a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire described above provided with the steps of vulcanization molding a green tire and applying the resin coating on a tire using a residual heat after the vulcanization molding.
Additionally, a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire according to the present technology is a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire described above provided with the steps of filling the green tire in a tire vulcanizing mold for vulcanization molding, and applying the resin coating on a tire in the tire vulcanizing mold by injecting a coating material in the tire vulcanizing mold.
With the pneumatic tire and the methods of manufacturing the pneumatic tire according to the present technology, because the wall thickness t of the sidewall portion is made appropriate in the range described above, there are advantages that a rolling resistance of the tire can be reduced and a cutting resistance of the tire is improved.
The present technology is described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present technology is not limited to these embodiments. Moreover, constituents which can possibly or obviously be substituted while maintaining consistency with the present technology are included in constitutions of the embodiments. Furthermore, the multiple modified examples described in the embodiment can be combined as desired within the scope apparent to a person skilled in the art.
Pneumatic Tire
A pneumatic tire 1 includes a pair of bead cores 11, 11, a pair of bead fillers 12, 12, a carcass layer 13, a belt layer 14, tread rubber 15, a pair of side wall rubbers 16, 16, and a pair of bead rubbers 17, 17 (see
The pair of bead cores 11, 11 have annular structures and constitute cores of left and right bead portions. The pair of bead fillers 12, 12 are disposed on a periphery of each of the pair of bead cores 11, 11 in the tire radial direction so as to reinforce the bead portions.
The carcass layer 13 stretches between the left and right side bead cores 11 and 11 in toroidal form, forming a framework for the tire. Additionally, both ends of the carcass layer 13 are folded toward an outer side in the tire width direction so as to envelop the bead cores 11 and the bead fillers 12, and fixed. Additionally, the carcass layer 13 is constituted by a plurality of carcass cords formed from steel or organic fibers (for example, aramid, nylon, polyester, rayon, or the like), covered by coating rubber, and subjected to a rolling process. Note that the carcass layer 13 may have a single layer structure formed from a single carcass ply or may have a multilayer structure formed from a plurality of carcass plies.
The belt layer 14 is formed by stacking a pair of cross belts 141, 142, and disposing the belts to extend over an outer circumference of the carcass layer 13. The pair of cross belts 141, 142 are constituted by a plurality of belt cords formed from steel or organic fibers, covered by coating rubber, and subjected to a rolling process, having a belt angle, as an absolute value, of not less than 10° and not more than 30°. Further, each of the belts of the pair of cross belts 141, 142 has a belt angle (inclination angle in the fiber direction of the belt cord with respect to the tire circumferential direction) denoted with a mutually different symbol, and the belts are stacked so as to intersect each other in the belt cord fiber directions (crossply configuration).
The tread rubber 15 is disposed on an outer circumference in the tire radial direction of the carcass layer 13 and the belt layer 14, and forms a tread portion of the tire. The pair of side wall rubbers 16, 16 are disposed on each outer side of the carcass layer 13 in the tire width direction, so as to form left and right sidewall portions of the tire. A pair of bead rubbers 17, 17 are disposed on each outer side of the left and right bead cores 11, 11 and the bead fillers 12, 12 in the tire width direction so as to form left and right bead portions of the tire.
Resin Coating of Sidewall Portion
Additionally, this pneumatic tire 1 is provided with a resin coating (resin film) 2 on the sidewall portion (see
This resin coating 2 is applied on a predetermined region A that includes an outer side top surface of a sidewall rubber 16. For example, with configurations of
Additionally, the resin coating 2 is formed from a resin material that has, for example, a urethane resin, a silicon resin, a fluororesin, an acrylic resin, a melamine resin, or the like as a main component. Additionally, the resin coating 2 is preferably formed from a resin material that includes, for example, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, or the like. Additionally, the resin coating 2 is formed by coating a water-based coating composition formed from the resin material described above on a top surface of the sidewall portion. Additionally, a thickness of the resin coating 2 is preferably in a range of 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less, and more preferably in a range of 30 μm or more and 200 μm or less.
Additionally, a dynamic friction coefficient of the region A applied with the resin coating 2 is preferably set as 0.5 or less, more preferably as 0.4 or less, and still more preferably as 0.3 or less. The dynamic friction coefficient of the region A can be realized by generating the resin coating 2 by adding a silicon oil, molybdenum disulfide, carbon graphite, the fluororesin, or the like, for example, to the resin material described above. Note that the dynamic friction coefficient is measured for a flat portion top surface of the region A applied with the resin coating 2 by a test method prescribed by JIS-K7125.
Additionally, the resin coating 2 is constituted from a stacked plurality of coating layers (not illustrated). For example, it is preferable that the resin coating 2 has a three-layer structure and is formed from a lowermost layer formed from a coating composition having a high adhesion (top surface modification property) with respect to the sidewall rubber 16, an intermediate layer formed from a urethane resin coating composition having a high strength, and a top surface layer formed from a silicon resin coating composition having a high luster (appearance quality). Additionally, at this time, it is preferable that a coating layer on an outermost layer and a coating layer on a lower layer thereof are formed from coating compositions having mutually differing colors.
Additionally, the thickness of the resin coating 2 at a splice portion (in particular, an overlap portion of an end in the tire circumferential direction of the carcass ply) of the carcass layer 13 is preferably thinner than the thickness of the resin coating 2 at another portion of the region A. When inflating the tire, a phenomenon occurs where the top surface of the sidewall portion caves in at the splice portion of the carcass layer 13. This is due to a rigidity of the splice portion of the carcass layer 13 being higher than its surroundings. Therefore, by making the thickness of the resin coating 2 at this position thinner than its surroundings, a rigidity difference between the splice portion of the carcass layer 13 and its surroundings can be eliminated (mitigated).
Note that in a configuration of
Additionally, a minimum value of a wall thickness t of a rubber of the sidewall portion in the region A applied with the resin coating 2 is in a range of 0.05 mm≤t≤4.0 mm (see
For example, in the configuration of
With this pneumatic tire 1, a rubber amount of the sidewall portion is reduced and a rolling resistance of the tire is reduced by the wall thickness t of the rubber of the sidewall portion in the region A applied with the resin coating 2 being in the range described above. Meanwhile, a cutting resistance of the sidewall portion is properly ensured by the resin coating 2 being applied on the sidewall portion. That is, the cutting resistance of the sidewall portion decreases when the wall thickness t of the rubber of the sidewall portion is made thin, but the cutting resistance of the sidewall portion is properly ensured by the resin coating 2 being applied on the sidewall portion.
Note that with this pneumatic tire 1, a breaking elongation of the sidewall rubber 16 is preferably in a range of 200% or more and 500% or less. Note that the breaking elongation is measured in compliance with JIS-K7161 for a test piece of the 1B type (a dumbbell type of a thickness of 3 mm) prescribed by JIS-K7162.
Additionally, an additive amount of an antioxidant to the sidewall rubber 16 is preferably in a range of 0.1 parts by weight or more and 2.0 parts by weight or less, and more preferably in a range of 0.2 parts by weight or more and 1.0 parts by weight or less. As the antioxidant, SANTOFLEX 6PPD made by FlexSys Inc., for example, can be used.
Additionally, as described above, the carcass layer 13 is disposed by folding left and right ends 131, 131 toward the outer side in the tire width direction. At this time, the ends 131, 131 of the carcass layer 13 are preferably disposed in positions away from the region A applied with the resin coating 2. Specifically, in the cross sectional view in the tire meridian direction, when a perpendicular line relative to the carcass layer 13 is drawn with the end 131 of the carcass layer 13 as a starting point, this perpendicular line and the region A applied with the resin coating 2 must not intersect. The end 131 of the carcass layer 13 being in the region A applied with the resin coating 2 is not preferable because a difference in levels occurs in the sidewall portion and a function of the resin coating 2 decreases.
Additionally, the carcass layer 13 is formed from the steel or the organic fibers as described above, but is preferably formed from aramid fibers in particular. Additionally, it is preferable that the carcass layer 13 is provided with a multilayer structure formed by stacking the plurality of carcass plies (not illustrated), has an outer side carcass ply on the outermost layer formed from the aramid fibers that excel in cutting resistance, and has an inner side carcass ply on the lower layer thereof formed from nylon fibers or rayon fibers that excel in impact resistance.
Note that when the pneumatic tire 1 is provided with a tire notation (not illustrated) on the region A applied with the resin coating 2, this tire notation is preferably attached by printing. By this, compared to a configuration where the tire notation is formed from the unevenness, the region A applied with the resin coating 2 can be made flat. Note that the tire notation refers to display information such as a brand, a mark, or letters, for example.
Method of Manufacturing Pneumatic Tire
With a process of manufacturing this pneumatic tire 1 (not illustrated), each member such as a bead wire that constitutes the bead core 11; the carcass ply that constitutes the carcass layer 13; the belt plies 141, 142 that constitute the belt layer 14; the tread rubber 15; the sidewall rubber 16; and the bead rubber 17 is put in a molding machine to mold a green tire. Next, this green tire is filled in a tire vulcanizing mold. Next, this vulcanizing mold is heated, and the green tire is expanded outward in a radial direction by a pressure device so as to abut a tire molding die (tread surface molding portion) of the tire vulcanizing mold. Next, by heating the green tire, vulcanization is performed by bonding rubber molecules and sulfur molecules of the tread portion. At this time, a shape of the tire molding die is transferred to a tread surface of the green tire, and a tread pattern of the pneumatic tire 1 is molded. Then, the molded tire is pulled out from the tire vulcanizing mold.
Here, the resin coating 2 is applied on the tire pulled out from the tire vulcanizing mold using a residual heat after vulcanization molding. By this, the resin coating 2 can be dried quickly.
However, applying the resin coating 2 is not limited thereto, and the resin coating 2 (at least a coating material of the lowermost layer) may be applied on the tire in the tire vulcanizing mold by injecting a coating material in the tire vulcanizing mold. In this manner, by performing a pretreatment of the resin coating 2 in a tire vulcanization process, a cycle time of manufacturing can be shortened. Note that injection of the coating material in the tire vulcanizing mold can be realized by weakening an expansion pressure on the tire by the pressure device described above and creating a gap between the tire and the tire vulcanizing mold.
With the configuration of
However, the folded end 131 of the carcass layer 13 is not limited thereto and may be disposed in the middle of the sidewall portion, as illustrated in
Additionally, with the configurations of
However, the configurations of
For example, with configurations of
Additionally, with the configurations of
Additionally, with configurations of
Additionally, with a configuration of
Note that with the configuration of
Additionally, with the configuration of
However, the region A applied with the resin coating 2 is not limited thereto, and convex and concave portions 31, 32 may be disposed on the region A applied with the resin coating 2 (see
For example, with a configuration of
Additionally, with a configuration of
Note that in the configuration of
Additionally, with the configuration of
Additionally, with the configurations of
Configuration Having Annular Structure
The pneumatic tire 1 of
The annular structure 18 is made of metal and has a tensile strength of 450 N/m2 or more and 2,500 N/m2 or less, preferably 600 N/m2 or more and 2,400 N/m2 or less, and more preferably 800 N/m2 or more and 2,300 N/m2 or less. By this, a strength, a rigidity, and a toughness of the annular structure 18 are properly ensured. As such a metal material, spring steel, high tensile steel, stainless steel, or titanium (including a titanium alloy), for example, can be adopted. Among these, stainless steel in particular is preferable because it has a high corrosion resistance and a tensile strength of the range described above.
When manufacturing the annular structure 18 with stainless steel, it is preferable to use martensitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, austenite and ferrite duplex stainless steel, and precipitation hardening stainless steel, which are in a classification of JIS-G4303. By using these stainless steels, the tensile strength and the toughness of the annular structure 18 can be improved. Additionally, among the stainless steels described above, it is more preferable to use the precipitation hardening stainless steel (SUS631, SUS632J1) in particular.
Additionally, a product of the tensile strength (MPa) and a thickness (mm) of the annular structure 18 is called a pressure resistance parameter. This pressure resistance parameter becomes a scale of tolerance with respect to an internal pressure of the pneumatic tire 1. The pressure resistance parameter is preferably 200 or more and 1,700 or less or 250 or more and 1,600 or less. In particular, with the passenger car tire, the pressure resistance parameter is preferably 200 or more and 1,000 or less, and more preferably 250 or more and 950 or less. Additionally, with a small truck tire, the pressure resistance parameter is preferably 300 or more and 1,200 or less, and more preferably 350 or more and 1,100 or less. Additionally, with a truck/bus tire, the pressure resistance parameter is preferably 500 or more and 1,700 or less, and more preferably 600 or more and 1,600 or less.
Additionally, an elastic modulus of the annular structure 18 is preferably in a range of 70 GPa or more and 250 GPa or less, and more preferably in a range of 80 GPa or more and 230 GPa or less. Additionally, the thickness of the annular structure 18 is preferably in a range of 0.1 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less. By this, a pressure resistance performance and a durability of the annular structure 18 with respect to repeated bending can be ensured. Here, a product of the modulus of elasticity and the thickness of the annular structure 18 is called a rigidity parameter. At this time, the rigidity parameter is preferably in a range of 10 or more and 500 or less, and more preferably in a range of 15 or more and 400 or less.
Note that the annular structure 18 may be constituted from an integrally molded single member (see
With the pneumatic tire 1 of
As described above, this pneumatic tire 1 is provided with the carcass layer 13 and the sidewall rubber 16 disposed on the outer side in the tire width direction of the carcass layer 13 (see
With such a configuration, because the wall thickness t of the rubber of the sidewall portion in the region A applied with the resin coating 2 is made appropriate, there are advantages that the rolling resistance of the tire can be reduced and the cutting resistance of the tire is improved. Specifically, because t is not more than 4.0 mm, the rubber amount of the sidewall portion is reduced and the rolling resistance of the tire is reduced. Additionally, because t is not less than 0.05 mm, a strength of the sidewall portion is properly ensured. Meanwhile, there is an advantage that the cutting resistance of the sidewall portion is properly ensured by the resin coating 2 being applied on the sidewall portion. That is, the cutting resistance of the sidewall portion decreases when the wall thickness t of the rubber of the sidewall portion is made thin, but the cutting resistance of the sidewall portion is properly ensured by the resin coating 2 being applied on the sidewall portion.
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the thickness of the resin coating is in the range of 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less. By this, there is an advantage that the thickness of the resin coating 2 is made appropriate. That is, by the thickness of the resin coating 2 being 20 μm or more, an effect of maintaining the cutting resistance of the sidewall portion by the resin coating 20 is properly obtained. Additionally, by the thickness of the resin coating 2 being 300 μm or less, the sidewall portion is made thin and the rolling resistance of the tire is reduced.
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the breaking elongation of the sidewall rubber 16 is in the range of 200% or more and 500% or less. By this, there is an advantage that the breaking elongation of the sidewall rubber 16 is made appropriate. That is, by the breaking elongation of the sidewall rubber 16 being 200% or more, a durability of the sidewall rubber 16 with respect to bending deformation is ensured. Additionally, by the breaking elongation of the sidewall rubber 16 being 500% or less, a rigidity of the sidewall portion is properly ensured.
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the additive amount of the antioxidant to the sidewall rubber 16 is in the range of 0.1 parts by weight or more and 2.0 parts by weight or less. By this, there is an advantage that the additive amount of the antioxidant is made appropriate. That is, by the additive amount of the antioxidant being 0.1 parts by weight or more, an adhesion between the sidewall rubber 16 and the carcass layer 13 is properly ensured. Additionally, by the additive amount of the antioxidant being 2.0 parts by weight or less, an adhesion between the resin coating 2 and the sidewall rubber 16 is ensured.
Additionally, this pneumatic tire 1 is provided with the tire notation (not illustrated) attached by printing on the region A applied with the resin coating 2. With such a configuration, by the tire notation being attached by printing, an air resistance of the sidewall portion can be reduced. By this, there is an advantage that the rolling resistance of the tire can be reduced.
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the dynamic friction coefficient of the region A applied with the resin coating 2 is 0.5 or less. By this, there are advantages that the dynamic friction coefficient of the region A is reduced, the cutting resistance of the tire is improved, and an antifouling function of the tire is improved.
Additionally, this pneumatic tire 1 is provided with the convex and concave portions 31 to 33 on the region A applied with the resin coating 2 (see
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the resin coating 2 is applied on the plurality of regions A divided (separated) in the tire circumferential direction or the tire radial direction (see
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the resin coating 2 is formed from the stacked plurality of coating layers (not illustrated). With such a configuration, by making appropriate a property of each of the coating layers, there is an advantage that the function of the resin coating 2 is improved.
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the coating layer of the outermost layer and the coating layer on the lower layer of the outermost layer that constitute the resin coating 2 have the mutually differing colors (not illustrated). With such a configuration, when the coating layer of the outermost layer is rubbed off, the coating layer of the different color on the lower layer thereof appears. By this, there is an advantage of being able to constitute an indicator of a repair time (re-coating time) of the resin coating 2. Additionally, there is also an advantage that recognition becomes easy when external damage is received.
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the carcass layer 13 has the end 131 folded to the outer side in the tire width direction, and the end 131 of the carcass layer 13 is disposed in the position away from the region A applied with the resin coating 2 (see
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the thickness of the resin coating 2 at the splice portion (in particular, the overlap portion of the end in the tire circumferential direction of the carcass ply) of the carcass layer 13 is thinner than the thickness of the resin coating 2 at the other portion of the region A (not illustrated). With such a configuration, by making the thickness of the resin coating 2 at the splice portion of the carcass layer 13 thinner than its surroundings, the rigidity difference between the splice portion of the carcass layer 13 and its surroundings can be eliminated (mitigated). By this, there is an advantage that the appearance quality of the tire is improved.
Additionally, this pneumatic tire 1 is provided with the cylindrical annular structure 18 disposed surrounding the periphery in the tire radial direction of the carcass layer 13 (see
Additionally, with this pneumatic tire 1, the carcass layer 13 is formed from the aramid fibers. By this, there is an advantage that the cutting resistance of the tire is improved.
Additionally, the method of manufacturing this pneumatic tire 1 is provided with the steps of vulcanization molding the green tire and applying the resin coating 2 on the tire using the residual heat after this vulcanization molding (not illustrated). By this, there is an advantage that the resin coating 2 can be dried quickly.
Additionally, the method of manufacturing this pneumatic tire 1 is provided with the steps of filling the green tire in the tire vulcanizing mold for vulcanization molding and applying the resin coating 2 on the tire in the tire vulcanizing mold by injecting the coating material in the tire vulcanizing mold (not illustrated). With such a configuration, by performing the pretreatment of the resin coating 2 in the tire vulcanization step, there is an advantage that the cycle time of manufacturing can be shortened.
With this performance testing, evaluation relating to (1) rolling resistances and (2) cutting resistances of a plurality of mutually differing pneumatic tires is performed (see
(1) With the evaluation relating to the rolling resistances, resistance forces when a drum diameter is 1,707 mm, a load is 4.5 kN, and a speed is 80 km/h are measured. Evaluations were performed by indexing the measurement results with the Conventional Example as the standard score (100). It is preferable with this evaluation that an index value is as small as possible.
(2) With the evaluation relating to the cutting resistances, the test vehicle mounted with the pneumatic tires is ridden over a curb of a height of 110 mm at a running speed of 20 km/h and an approach angle of 30 degrees. Additionally, cracks (a length and depth of cracks) occurring on the sidewall portions are observed for twenty pieces of tire samples. An indexed evaluation based on the observation results was performed with the index value of the Conventional Example being set as the standard score (100). It is preferable that this numerical value is as large as possible.
The pneumatic tires 1 of working examples 1, 2 have the configurations described in
A pneumatic tire 1 of a conventional example does not have the resin coating 2 in the configurations described in
As shown in a test result, with the working examples 1, 2, it is understood that the rolling resistances of the tires decrease and the cutting resistances of the tires are improved compared to the conventional example.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-035451 | Feb 2012 | JP | national |
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/380,059 filed on Aug. 20, 2014, which is the national stage of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2013/054204 filed on Feb. 20, 2013, which claims priority to Japan Patent Application No. 2012-035451, filed on Feb. 21, 2012.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20180290502 A1 | Oct 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14380059 | US | |
| Child | 16004266 | US |
