Patent Application
20130192730
The present application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Application No. 2012-014457, filed Jan. 26, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire having improved durability and uniformity and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Background Art
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2010-285113 proposes that as shown in
In the tire, the inward ribs (c) supplement the gauge thicknesses below the tread grooves (b) to suppress reduction of the rigidity below the tread grooves (b). As a result, during rolling of the tire, concentration of strains on the groove bottoms can be alleviated, and occurrence of cracks at the groove bottoms can be suppressed. In addition, reduction of the rigidity below the tread grooves is suppressed, and the rigidity of the tread portion is close to a uniform state. Thus, the inward ribs (c) can contribute to improvement of the uniformity of the tire. The entire contents of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2010-285113 are incorporated herein by reference.
According to one aspect to the present invention, a pneumatic tire has axial grooves which are arranged on an outer surface of a tread portion so as to be spaced apart from each other in a tire circumferential direction and extend in a direction intersecting the tire circumferential direction. A rib-forming region including at least one inward rib which projects from an inner surface of the tread portion inwardly in a tire radial direction and extends in a direction intersecting the axial grooves and across axial groove-inward regions inward of the axial grooves in the tire radial direction is provided in the inner surface of the tread portion.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or identical elements throughout the various drawings.
It should be noted that the “tread ground-contact edge” means an outermost position in the tire axial direction on a tread ground-contact surface which contacts the ground when a normal load is applied to a tire which is in a normal internal pressure condition in which the tire is mounted on a normal rim and inflated to a normal internal pressure.
The “normal rim” is a rim specified for every tire by each standard in a standardizing system including standards on which tires are based, and means, for example, a standard rim in the JATMA standard, a “Design Rim” in the TRA standard, and a “Measuring Rim” in the ETRTO standard. Also, the “normal internal pressure” is an air pressure specified for every tire by each standard in the standardizing system, and means, for example, a maximum air pressure in the JATMA standard, a maximum value recited in the table of “TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES” in the TRA standard, and an “INFLATION PRESSURE” in the ETRTO standard. In the case of a tire for a passenger car, the “normal internal pressure” is 180 kPa. The “normal load” is a load specified for every tire by each standard, and means a maximum load capacity in the JATMA standard, and a maximum value recited in the table of “TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES” in the TRA standard, and a “LOAD CAPACITY” in the ETRTO standard.
In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the dimension or the like of each portion of the tire is a value identified in the above normal internal pressure condition.
As shown in
The carcass 6 is formed of at least one carcass ply, one carcass ply (6A) in the present embodiment, in which carcass cords are radially arranged. The carcass ply (6A) extends between the bead portions 4 in a troidal shape, and both edge portions (6AE) thereof are sandwiched and retained within bead cores 5 disposed in the bead portions 4, without being turned up around the bead cores 5 in the present embodiment. Specifically, each bead core 5 includes inner and outer core pieces (5i, 5o) in a tire axial direction. Each edge portion (6AE) of the carcass ply (6A) is retained between the inner and outer core pieces (5i, 5o).
Each of the inner and outer core pieces (5i, 5o) is formed by winding a non-stretchable bead wire in a spiral manner in a tire circumferential direction. In this case, the number of times of winding the bead wire for the outer core piece (5o) is preferably, for example, about 1.2 to 2.0 times that for the inner core piece (5i) such that the rigidity of the outer core piece (5o) is higher than that of the inner core piece (5i). This can relatively enhance the flexural rigidity of each bead portion 4 while restricting the total number of times of winding the bead wire, and helps with improvement of steering stability and the like. Reference character 8 in the drawings denotes bead apex rubbers formed from a hard rubber having a rubber hardness of, for example, 80 to 100 degrees, and each bead apex rubber extends from each of the core pieces (5i, 5o) in a tapered manner and enhances the bead rigidity. In the present specification, a rubber hardness means a durometer A hardness measured with a type A durometer in the environment at 23° C. according to JIS-K6253.
The belt layer 7 is formed of at least one belt ply, two belt plies (7A, 7B) in the present embodiment, in which belt cords are arranged at a cord angle of, for example, 10° to 35° with respect to the tire circumferential direction. In the belt layer 7, each belt cord of the ply (7A, 7B) intersects that of the other ply, whereby the belt rigidity is enhanced and the tread portion 2 is firmly reinforced across substantially the entire width thereof with a hoop effect.
In the present embodiment, a band layer 9 is disposed radially outward of the belt layer 7. The band layer 9 is formed of a band ply (9A) in which a band cord is wound in a spiral manner in the tire circumferential direction. As the band ply (9A), a pair of left and right edge band plies which cover only outer edge portions of the belt layer 7 in the tire axial direction or a full band ply which covers the entire width of the belt layer 7 can be used as appropriate. In the present embodiment, the case is shown where the band layer 9 is formed of a single full band ply.
A thin inner liner 10 forming an inner surface (1S) of the tire is disposed inward of the carcass 6. The inner liner 10 is formed from a non-air-permeable rubber such as butyl rubber and halogenated butyl rubber and hermetically retains air charged into the inner cavity of the tire. In addition, sidewall rubbers (3G) forming outer surfaces of the sidewall portions 3 are disposed outward of the carcass 6, and a tread rubber (2G) forming an outer surface (2S) of the tread portion 2 is disposed radially outward of the band layer 9.
A tread pattern composed of tread grooves 11 is formed on the outer surface (2S) (hereinafter, may be referred to as tread surface (2S)) of the tread portion 2.
In the present embodiment, as shown in
It should be noted that the groove width and the groove depth of each circumferential groove 13 are not particularly limited, and conventional ranges thereof can be used as appropriate. For example, in the case of a tire for a passenger car, a groove width of about 5 to 15 mm and a groove depth of about 6 to 15 mm can suitably be used. As the circumferential grooves 13, other than the straight grooves in the present embodiment, zigzag grooves are also suitably used.
In the present embodiment, the axial grooves 14 are formed in the shoulder land portions. In other words, the axial grooves 14 in the present embodiment are formed as shoulder axial grooves (14s) which extend from the outer side of a tread ground-contact edge (Te) in the tire axial direction beyond the tread ground-contact edge (Te) to a tire equator (Co) side and are arranged so as to be spaced apart from each other in the tire circumferential direction. The shoulder axial grooves (14s) are connected at their inner ends to the shoulder circumferential grooves (13s), thereby dividing each shoulder land portion into blocks. However, the shoulder axial grooves (14s) may terminate at their inner ends within the shoulder land portions. It should be noted that the axial grooves 14 can also be formed in the center land portions, or the axial grooves 14 can also be formed in both the shoulder land portions and the center land portions. The groove width and the groove depth of each axial groove 14 are also not particularly limited, and conventional ranges thereof can be used as appropriate. For example, in the case of a tire for a passenger car, a groove width of about 3 to 10 mm and a groove depth of about 6 to 15 mm can suitably be used.
In the tire 1 according to the present embodiment, rib-forming regions (Y) each of which includes at least one inward rib 15 projecting from the inner surface (1S) inwardly in the tire radial direction are provided in the inner surface (1S) of the tread portion 2.
As shown in
Here, each axial groove-inward region (14Y) means a region between positions (Yp) at which normal lines (N) to the tread surface (2S) at groove side edges (E) intersect the inner surface (1S), where the groove side edges which are the edge lines at which the groove wall surface of the axial groove 14 intersects the tread surface (2S) are E as shown in
Such inward ribs 15 exert a great effect of reinforcing portions below the axial grooves 14 in the forward/backward direction, and thus can enhance the rigidity below the axial grooves 14 in the forward/backward direction. As a result, groove deformation specific to the axial grooves 14 during braking, during driving, at start of ground contact, at end of ground contact, and the like can be effectively suppressed, occurrence of strains at the groove bottoms can be suppressed, and the crack resistance can be improved. In addition, the difference between the rigidity below each axial groove 14 and the rigidity between each axial groove 14 in the forward/backward direction is reduced, and the rigidity of the tread portion 2 can be made further uniform in the circumferential direction. Thus, the uniformity can be further improved.
If the inward ribs 15 are too small in size, the reinforcing effect is insufficient. On the other hand, if the inward ribs 15 are too large in size, the inward ribs 15 make the tread rigidity non-uniform, causing deterioration of the uniformity. From this standpoint, the projection height (Hr) of each inward rib 15 from the inner surface (1S) is preferably 2.5 to 7.5 mm, and the rib width (Wr) of each inward rib 15 is preferably 2.5 to 7.5 mm.
As a cross-sectional shape of each inward rib 15 perpendicular to its longitudinal direction, for example, a substantially semi-circular shape as shown in
It should be noted that each inward rib 15 can be formed from a rubber having the same composition as that of the inner liner 10, but can also be formed from a rubber having a different composition from that of the inner liner 10. In particular, from the standpoint of the reinforcing effect, a rubber having a rubber hardness of 65 to 95 degrees can more suitably be used.
The angle α of each inward rib 15 with respect to the tire circumferential direction is preferably not greater than 45°. If the angle α exceeds 45°, the reinforcing effect in the forward/backward direction is insufficient, and the effect of improving the crack resistance of the axial grooves 14 and the uniformity cannot sufficiently be exerted. From this standpoint, the angle α is more preferably not greater than 30°.
In addition, the intersection angle θ of each inward rib 15 with respect to each axial groove 14 preferably ranges from 45° to 90°. If the intersection angle θ is less than 45°, deformation of each axial groove 14 cannot sufficiently be suppressed, and the effect of improving the crack resistance and the uniformity is insufficient. From this standpoint, the intersection angle θ is more preferably not less than 60°.
As in the present embodiment, the inward ribs 15 are preferably formed in each rib-forming region (Y). In this case, the distance (D) between the adjacent inward ribs 15 (the distance (D) in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of each inward rib 15) preferably ranges from 5 to 30 mm. If the distance (D) is less than 5 mm, the entirety of each rib-forming region (Y) cannot be reinforced, for example, the reinforcing effect is locally exerted, and the effect of improving the crack resistance and the uniformity is insufficient. In addition, if the distance (D) exceeds 30 mm, the reinforcing effect tends to be insufficient between each inward rib 15, and the effect of improving the crack resistance and the uniformity is insufficient.
From this standpoint, the lower limit of the distance (D) is more preferably 10 mm, and the upper limit of the distance (D) is more preferably 20 mm.
In addition, an inward rib 15 in
It should be noted that in the pneumatic tire 1, inward ribs 16 for circumferential grooves (indicated by alternate long and short dash lines in
Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. The manufacturing method includes: a green tire forming process (Ka) of forming a green tire (1N) into a shape close to that of the pneumatic tire 1 by sequentially attaching tire components (in the present embodiment, the inner liner 10, the carcass ply (6A), the belt plies (7A, 7B), the band ply (9A), the bead apex rubbers 8, the sidewall rubbers (3G), the tread rubber (2G) etc. which are unvulcanized) onto an outer surface of a rigid core 20 as schematically shown in
It should be noted that the outer surface of the rigid core 20 has a tire-forming surface portion (20S) substantially corresponding to the shape of the inner surface (1S) of the pneumatic tire 1, and the tire components are sequentially attached onto the tire-forming surface portion (20S).
The rigid core 20 includes a core body 22 and a cylindrical core piece 23 inserted into a center hole (22H) of the core body 22.
The core body 22 in the present embodiment is formed in a hollow shape having therein an inner cavity portion 24 coaxial with the core body 22, and, for example, a heating means (not shown) such as an electrical heater for heating the inside of the green tire (1N) is disposed within the inner cavity portion 24.
The core body 22 is formed of core segments 29 separable in the tire circumferential direction, as shown in
On the outer surface (the tire-forming surface portion (20S)) of the core body 22, rib-forming grooves 30 for forming the inward ribs 15 are formed.
The green tire forming process (Ka) includes a rib-forming rubber charging step (Ka1) of charging an unvulcanized rubber member (15G) for forming inward ribs into the rib-forming grooves 30 as shown in
In order to confirm the advantageous effects according to an embodiment of the present invention, experimental pneumatic tires (a tire size of 225/50R16) which have the internal structure shown in
The specifications other than those in Table 1 are substantially the same among the experimental tires, and main common specifications are as follows.
Widths of grooves in tire circumferential direction: 7.0 mm
Depths of grooves in tire circumferential direction: 8.2 mm
Widths of axial grooves: 5.0 mm
Depths of axial grooves: 8.0 mm
(1) Crack Resistance:
The experimental tires were allowed to stand in the sun for 500 days to prompt deterioration thereof. Then, each experimental tire was run on a drum tester at a speed of 100 km/h under the conditions of a rim size of 16×7.5 JJ; an internal pressure of 200 kPa; and a vertical load of 4.71 kN, and was evaluated during running until a crack occurred at the bottom of an axial groove. A result of the evaluation was indicated as an index with a result of Comparative Example 1 being set as 100. A higher value indicates that the result is more favorable.
(2) Uniformity:
A radial force variation (RFV), a lateral force variation (LFV), a tangential force variation (TFV), static balance (SB), and dynamic balance (DB) were measured with a tire uniformity tester under the conditions of a rim size of 16×7.5 JJ; an internal pressure of 200 kPa; a speed of 10 km/h; and a vertical load of 4.71 kN, and a result of overall evaluation was indicated as an index with a result of Comparative Example 1 being set as 100. A higher value indicates that the result is more favorable.
As shown in Table 1, it can be confirmed that in the tires of Examples, the crack resistance of the axial grooves and the uniformity are improved due to formation of the inward ribs.
As a result of studying, the inventor of the present invention has found out that the inward ribs (c) do not exert a sufficient effect on axial grooves extending in a direction intersecting a tire circumferential direction and there is room for improvement in crack resistance and uniformity.
Specifically, when the tire rolls, great forces are applied to a ground-contact portion in a forward/backward direction during braking and during driving as shown in
However, when the inward ribs (c) are formed along the axial grooves (b1), a reinforcing effect with respect to the forward/backward direction is small. Thus, the crack resistance at the bottoms of the axial grooves (b1) is insufficient. In addition, the difference between the rigidity below each axial groove (b1) and the rigidity between each axial groove (b1) in the forward/backward direction is still great, and thus improvement of the uniformity is also insufficient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a pneumatic tire has an inward rib which is basically arranged in a direction intersecting an axial groove, which allows rigidity below the axial groove in a forward/backward direction to be increased, which suppresses occurrence of a strain at a groove bottom to enhance crack resistance, and which allows a difference in rigidity in the forward/backward direction to be decreased to improve the uniformity of the tire; and a method of manufacturing the same.
A first aspect of the invention is a pneumatic tire in which axial grooves are arranged on an outer surface of a tread portion so as to be spaced apart from each other in a tire circumferential direction and extend in a direction intersecting the tire circumferential direction. A rib-forming region including at least one inward rib which projects from an inner surface of the tread portion inwardly in a tire radial direction and extends in a direction intersecting the axial grooves and across axial groove-inward regions inward of the axial grooves in the tire radial direction is provided in the inner surface of the tread portion.
In a second aspect, each axial groove is a shoulder axial groove extending from an outer side of a tread ground-contact edge in a tire axial direction beyond the tread ground-contact edge to a tire equator side.
In a third aspect, an intersection angle θ of the inward rib with respect to each axial groove ranges from 45° to 90°.
In a fourth aspect, the inward rib is a circumferential rib extending along an entire circumference of the tire in the tire circumferential direction, and the circumferential ribs are arranged in the rib-forming region so as to be spaced apart from each other in the tire axial direction.
In a fifth aspect, the inward rib is an inclined rib extending so as to be inclined at an angle α with respect to the tire circumferential direction, and the inclined ribs are arranged in the rib-forming region so as to be spaced apart from each other in the tire axial direction.
In a sixth aspect, the inward rib is a spiral rib extending in a spiral manner in the tire circumferential direction, and the single spiral rib is wound in the rib-forming region multiple times.
In a seventh aspect, a projection height Hr of the inward rib from the inner surface is 2.5 to 7.5 mm.
In an eighth aspect, a rib width Wr of the inward rib is 2.5 to 7.5 mm.
A ninth aspect is a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire according to any one of the aspects 1 to 8. The method includes the steps of: sequentially attaching unvulcanized tire components onto a rigid core to form a green tire; and putting the green tire together with the rigid core into a vulcanization mold, and vulcanizing and shaping the green tire therein. The rigid core has, on an outer surface thereof, a rib-forming groove for forming the inward rib.
As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the pneumatic tire in which the axial grooves are provided on the outer surface of the tread portion, at least one inward rib is provided so as to project from the inner surface of the tread portion. Furthermore, the inward rib extends in the direction intersecting the axial grooves and across the axial groove-inward regions inward of the axial grooves in the tire radial direction.
Such an inward rib can exert a great effect of reinforcing portions below the axial grooves in the forward/backward direction as compared to the case where an inward rib is formed along the axial groove, and can enhance the rigidity below the axial grooves in the forward/backward direction. As a result, groove deformation specific to the axial grooves during braking, during driving, at start of ground contact, at end of ground contact, and the like can be suppressed, occurrence of strains at the groove bottoms can be suppressed, and the crack resistance can be improved. In other words, the durability can be improved.
In addition, the difference between the rigidity below each axial groove and the rigidity between each axial groove in the forward/backward direction is reduced, and the rigidity is made further uniform in the circumferential direction. Thus, the uniformity can be improved.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-014457 | Jan 2012 | JP | national |
