Polyether amine modification of polypropylene

Abstract

A compound comprising a blend of polypropylene with the reaction of a functionalized polypropylene and polyether amine in which the polyetheramine is grafted into the functionalized polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is disclosed. The blend may include an elastomer such as EP rubber and/or a filler such as glass. A process for producing the reaction product of the functionalized polypropylene and the polyether amine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is also disclosed. Blends of the present invention are advantageously useful to prepare paintable automotive body parts.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a novel olefin polymer composed of the reaction of a functionalized polypropylene and a polyetheramine. This invention also relates to thermoplastic resin blends containing the novel olefin polymer and polypropylene.

2. Related Art

The in situ formation of compatibilizers for polyblends is rapidly gaining popularity. In the last few years, more and more cases have been reported where advantage is taken of the presence of reactive groups to form a graft or a block or a random copolymer, which could act as a compatibilizer for a mixture of two or more polymers. The prior art, Process Requirements of the Reactive Compatibilization of Nylon 6/Polypropylene Blends by S. S. Dagli, M. Xanthos and J. A. Biensenberger: Polymer Processing Institute at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J. 07030 reveals an acrylic acid grafted modified polypropylene used with a blend of nylon-6 and polypropylene.

Thermoplastic resin compositions containing polypropylene are well known in the art (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,081). U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,164 describes a polypropylene/polyamide composition suitable for producing moldings. The patent describes an ethylene copolymer useful as an adhesion promoter. Moreover, the patent indicates that maleic acid is a suitable monomer for preparing the ethylene copolymer.

In addition, maleated polypropylene is commercially available.

European patent application 0 367 832 discloses a resin composition containing an olefinic polymer having acid anhydride groups. As in U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,164, the novel compound is blended with a polyamide.

Japanese patent 46003838 reveals a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene composition containing triethylamine and polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether. Japanese patent 60195120 reveals a molding containing polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, and diethylenetriamine.

However, the instant invention uses the maleic anhydride in conjunction with polyetheramines which produce unexpected improvements in resin properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a compound comprising a blend of polypropylene ("PP") with the reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene and polyetheramine in which the polyether amine is grafted onto the functionalized polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus. By grafted it is meant that the amine functionality of the polyetheramine reacts with the anhydride component of the functionalized polypropylene to form a reaction product, for instance, a primary amine will react with a maleic anhydride to form an imide. This invention is also a process for producing the reaction product of the functionalized polypropylene and the polyether amine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus. In this regard, the compound blend of this invention may be prepared by reactive extrusion by feeding a polyetheramine, a functionalized polypropylene and polypropylene into an extruder at temperatures such that the polyetheramine reacts with the functionalized polypropylene to form a reaction product containing, for example, an imide group.

The compositions of the present invention are useful for preparing molded automotive body parts, including directly paintable thermoplastic polyolefins ("TPO") based automotive body parts.

It is also contemplated that the compositions are useful for making molded parts that contain filler such as glass. It is yet further contemplated that the compositions of the present invention may be useful in the preparation of films, including printable films; fibers including dyable and non-woven PP fibers; and in packaging materials for electronics components such as semiconductor chips, wherein the packaging materials may provide electrostatic dissipation which would thereby protect the chips from damage. It is yet further contemplated that the composition of the present invention may be useful to improve the barrier properties for polyethylene and to modify polyethylene as a tie layer in multilayer films. It is further contemplated that the composition of the present invention may be useful as an additive as polypropylene based reinforcement fibers for concrete.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The blend of polypropylene with the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and polyether amine shows improved paintability, improved impact resistance, and excellent mold flowability over blends of polypropylene and maleated polypropylene.

Plastics are increasingly being employed in the production of motor vehicles. Impact-modified PP has proved to be particularly suitable for applications such as bumpers, spoilers, fenders, side bump strips and the like. Therefore, a thermoplastic resin blend having the improved properties of the instant invention has significant potential commercial usefulness.

These resin compositions, according to the present invention, are useful as engineering plastics which are materials for structural members in the fields of transport machines (automobiles, ships and the like), apparatus, tools, electronic appliances, electric appliances, sporting goods, leisure goods and the like; and for connectors, tubes and the like.

Suitable polypropylenes are known from polymer chemistry, are described for example in Kunststoff-Handbuch, volume IV, Polyolefins, edited by R. Vieweg, A. Schley and A. Schwarz. Carol Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1969, and are commercially available, so that no details need be given.

Functionalized PP is PP onto which a monomer has been grafted. The usual method of such grafting is by free radical reaction. In the practice of this invention, the maleated polypropylene is not a copolymer of maleic anhydride or equivalent thereof, and propylene, such that the maleic anhydride moiety is predominantly in the backbone of the copolymer. Suitable monomers for preparing functionalized polypropylene are, for example, olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and the corresponding tert-butyl esters, e.g., tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., fumaric acid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid and the corresponding mono-and/or di-tert-butyl esters, e.g., mono- or di-tert-butyl fumarate and mono- or di-tert-butyl maleate, olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., maleic anhydride, sulfo- or sulfonyl-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., p-styrenesulfonic acid, 2-(meth)acrylamide-2-methylpropenesulfonic acid or 2-sulfonyl(meth)acrylate, oxazolinyl-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., vinyloxazolines and vinyloxazoline derivatives, and epoxy-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., glycidyl (meth)acrylate or allyl glycidyl ether. The most preferred monomer for preparing functionalized polypropylene is maleic anhydride.

The functionalized polypropylene used in the practice of this invention may have a wide variety of number average molecular weights. When the functionalized polypropylene is used to make paintable articles, such as automotive body parts, the functionalized polypropylene preferably has a number average molecular weight greater than about 3,000 and preferably less than about 20,000, more preferably less than about 10,000. A representative example of a maleated polypropylene that is currently commercially available is under the name EPOLENE E-43, available from Eastman Chemical. Such relatively low molecular weight functionalized polypropylenes, when reacted with polyetheramines in accordance with the practice of this invention, appears to render the resulting extruded compositions more readily paintable. In other applications wherein the functionalized polypropylene is employed, such as when a glass filler is added to increase stiffness and strength, a higher average number molecular weight greater than about 40,000 and less than about 60,000 may be employed. Generally, glass filler and polypropylene are not miscible, and their combination commonly leads to voids in the resulting compositions. The relatively higher molecular weight materials "wet" the glass to make the glass filler particles and polypropylene more combinable to thereby decrease the amount of voids in the resulting compositions.

Suitable anhydride functionalized polypropylene include the following structures: ##STR1## wherein PP is polypropylene. In these structures, it should be appreciated that the polypropylene can be bonded to one or two monomers when the polypropylene is linear, while more than two monomers might be included when the propylene is branched. Typically, one or two monomers are present.

Suitable polyetheramines include monamines, diamines and triamines, having a molecular weight of from about 150 to about 12,000. Preferred polyetheramines have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 3,000. Suitable monamines include JEFFAMINE.RTM. M-1000, JEFFAMINE.RTM. M-2070, and JEFFAMINE.RTM. M-2005. Suitable diamines include JEFFAMINE.RTM. ED-6000, JEFFAMINE.RTM. ED-4000, JEFFAMINE.RTM. ED-2001, JEFFAMINE.RTM. D-2000, JEFFAMINE.RTM. D-4000, JEFFAMINE.RTM. ED-900, JEFFAMINE.RTM. ED-600, and JEFFAMINE.RTM. D-400. Suitable triamines include JEFFAMINE.RTM. ET-3000, JEFFAMINE.RTM. T-3000 and JEFFAMINE.RTM. T-5000.sup.1. Preferred polyetheramines include JEFFAMINE.RTM. M-2070 and JEFFAMINE.RTM. ED-2001. More preferred polyetheramines of the present invention have a molecular weight in the range from about 1500 to about 2000. In the practice of this invention, monoamines and diamines are preferred. Suitable polyether blocks for the polyetheramine include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, poly(1,2-butylene glycol), and poly(tetramethylene glycol). The glycols can be aminated using well known methods to produce the polyetheramines. Generally, the glycols are prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combination thereof using well known methods such as by a methoxy or hydroxy initiated reaction. When both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are used, the oxides can be reacted simultaneously when a random polyether is desired, or reacted sequentially when a block polyether is desired.

.sup.1 See Glossary.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyetheramines are prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combinations thereof. Generally, when the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combinations thereof, the amount of ethylene oxide on a molar basis is greater than about 50 percent of the polyetheramine, preferably greater than about 75 percent and more preferably greater than about 90 percent. In one embodiment of this invention, polyols and amines including polyalkylene polyamines and alkanol amines or any amine that is not a polyetheramine as disclosed herein may be absent from the composition. Similarly, functional groups other than ether linkages and amine groups may be absent from the polyetheramine. The polyether amines used in the practice of this invention can be prepared using well known amination techniques such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,654,370. Generally, the polyether amines are made by aminating a polyol, such as a polyether polyol with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst such as a nickel containing catalyst such as a Ni/Cu/Cr catalyst.

The mixing of the functionalized PP and polyetheramine and optionally also PP may be carried out in a customary mixing apparatus including batch mixers, continuous mixers, kneaders, and extruders. For most applications, the preferred mixing apparatus is an extruder.

Besides the PP/functionalized-PP/polyetheramine structural components according to the invention, the resin composition may, to improve the impact strength, contain impact modifiers, advantageously impact-modifying elastomers. Impact-modifying elastomers for the instant invention are known to a skilled worker. Examples are rubbers based on ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and acrylates, e.g. methacrylates, or mixtures thereof. Other examples include EP and EPDM rubbers, with EP rubber (ethylene propylene rubber) being preferred in applications where automotive body parts are being prepared. A representative example of a currently commercially available EP rubber is sold under the name VISTALON 878 by Exxon Chemical.

Suitable impact-modifying elastomers are described for example in Methoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl), volume XIV/1, Makromolekulare Chemie (Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961), pages 390 to 406, and in the monograph by C. B. Bucknal, Toughened Plastics (Applied Publishers, London, 1977).

A composition containing polypropylene and elastomers, such as EP rubber, is commonly referred to as a "TPO," which stands for thermoplastic polyolefin. TPO's are commonly used in the manufacture of molded automotive body parts, such as bumper fascias. Such molded parts may also contain other components such as fillers, as described hereinbelow. TPO-based compositions can be prepared in the same manner as for non-elastomer-containing compositions. TPO's are commonly sold in compounded or reactor grades. Representative examples of TPO which are currently available commercially are described below in the paragraphs preceding Examples 18-27.

It is contemplated that the polyetheramine and functionalized polypropylene, and optionally a small amount of PP or TPO, can be reacted to form a reaction product concentrate and, later, the reaction product concentrate can be blended with polypropylene or TPO. In this aspect of the invention, the polyetheramine comprises from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the concentrate. When the reaction product of polyether amine and maleated PP is prepared neat, the reaction product can be blended or compounded with polypropylene or TPO and any other components of the desired composition to the desired levels using a mixing apparatus such as an extruder. It should be understood that PP may be commonly used to dilute the reaction. Depending on the type of mixer, the reaction product, polypropylene and any other components can be thoroughly mixed as solids prior to introducing the admixture in the mixing apparatus. Alternatively, mixers are available which will mix the components during operation. In either case, during operation of the mixer, the components are heated to melt the solids, with the melted components being thereafter mixed to form the final composition.

In addition to the structural components of PP, functionalized-PP, and polyetheramine and any impact modifier contained in a resin composition according to the instant invention, the resin may also contain reinforcing agents and/or additives. The reinforcing agents used may be reinforcing fillers, for example, carbon or carbon fibers; clay, chalk, talc, and mica to control shrinkage and control coefficient of thermal expansion; glass (beads or fibers) to increase stiffness. Further, the fillers may be finished with adhesion promoters and/or sizing agents. In addition, phosphite or hindered phenol or both can be added as a stabilizer (as a free radical scavenger).

When compositions include a glass filler, the composition can contain up to about 40% glass filler if highly stiff compositions are desired. More typically, from about 2% to about 10% glass filler in the composition is employed. Advantageously, the compositions of the present invention that contain glass filler generally are substantially free of voids that typically develop in compositions containing polypropylene and glass. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the reaction product of polyether amine and maleated polypropylene serves to "wet" the glass to thereby make the glass and polypropylene more combinable (more miscible). In this aspect of the invention, it is preferred to employ maleated polypropylene having an average molecular weight of about 40,000 to about 60,000, as is described hereinabove.

The preferred functionalized polypropylene is a maleated polypropylene having the following structure: ##STR2## wherein PP is polypropylene.

The preferred polyetheramines are monoamines and diamines. The preferred monoamines as well as the preferred triamines have a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 4000. The preferred diamines have a molecular weight of from about 148 to about 6000. More preferred monoamines and diamines have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 3,000.

The preferred reaction product between the preferred functionalized polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, and the preferred polyetheramine has the following formula: ##STR3## wherein a is from about 5 to 50,000, for b:c from about 0:100 to 100:0, x is from about 1 to 3, and R is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having a functionality of x (i.e., if x is 2, R is a divalent), the alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Suitable thermoplastic resin compositions may contain from about 66 to about 80 wt % PP, from about 20 to about 30 wt % maleated PP and from about 2 to about 10 wt % polyetheramine. When the compositions include elastomers, such as in TPO-based compositions used to make automotive body parts, the compositions generally comprise from about 5 to about 40 wt % maleated PP, from about 2 to about 10 wt % polyetheramine and from about 50 to about 93 wt % PP, such percentages based on the weights of these components of the composition. Preferred compositions that include elastomers comprise about 15 to about 30 wt % maleated PP, from about 2 to about 8 wt % polyetheramine and from about 62 to about 83 wt % PP.

The preferred customary mixing apparatus is an extruder in which the polyetheramine is grafted onto the maleated polypropylene at from about 175.degree. to 300.degree. C. in the course of a residence time of from about 25 to 300 seconds. For typical compositions of this invention, degradation begins to occur above this temperature range and below this range the compositions generally do not melt. Polypropylene is a non-reactive component of the mixing blend. The preferred temperature range is from about 190.degree. to 260.degree. C.

Molded articles prepared from compositions according to the present invention are generally directly paintable. Representative examples of paints commonly employed for this purpose include urethane-based and melamine-based paints. Such paints may be applied using conventional techniques. Advantageously, compositions of the present invention may be painted directly without chlorine pretreatment and optionally without primer, though a primer may be used.

In the examples, continuous compounding was carried out in a Werner & Pfleiderer 30 mm twin screw extruder (ZSK30), having a nine barrel configuration, three kneading zones and one vent section, in which the feed sequence was a combined feed in which all the components fed at the same location (hopper of the extruder).

The following examples which illustrate the nature of the instant invention are not intended to be limitative. In the examples, a stoichiometric excess of maleic functionality on the maleated polypropylene is used relative to the amount of amine functionality on the polyetheramine.

EXAMPLES 1-6

Blends of PP, maleated PP (MAL-PP), and JEFFAMINE.RTM. M2070 produced in an extruder exhibit characteristics in percent compositions as shown in Table 1 in which the remaining percent is PP:

TABLE 1______________________________________ Example 1 2 3 4 5 6______________________________________% MAL-PP 20 30% M2070 0 2 4 0 2 4FM, psi 284K 255K 226K 289K 256K 201KstY, PSi 8660 7980 7030 8750 7830 6170TE, % 8 16 10 4 13 5TSt, psi 4990 4770 4280 5000 4630 3720NI, ft lb/in 0.161 0.220 0.386 0.123 0.139 0.220UnI, ft lb/in 12 14 10 10 14 5______________________________________ where: FM -- flexural modulus StY -- stress at yield TE -- Tensile elongation TSt -- tensile strength NI -- notched izod impact UnI -- unnotched izod impact

EXAMPLES 7-10

Table 2 reveals the effects of JEFFAMINE.RTM. M2070 (M) as compared to JEFFAMINE.RTM. ED2001 (ED) in which either is blended with from about 76 to 78 wt % of PP, and from about 20 wt % of MAL-PP in an extruder.

TABLE 2______________________________________ Example 7 8 9 10______________________________________Polyetheramine type M ED M ED% Polyetheramine 2 4FM, psi 255K 246K 226K 230KStY, psi 7980 7730 7030 7140TE, % 16 10 10 16TSt, psi 4770 4560 4280 4420NI, ft lb/in 14 15 10 18UnI, ft lb/in 14 15 10 18______________________________________ where: FM -- flexural modulus StY -- stress at yield TE -- Tensile elongation TSt -- tensile strength NI -- notched izod impact UnI -- unnotched isoz impact.

EXAMPLES 11-17

Table 3 reveals the percent paint adhesion of various compositions of PP, maleated PP, and the JEFFAMINE.RTM. polyetheramines indicated relative to a control sample wherein the blends were produced in an extruder.

TABLE 3______________________________________Ex-am- MAL- Paint Con-ple PP PP % J. Type Adhesion trol______________________________________11 76% 20% 4% JEFFAMINE .RTM. M1000 62% 2%12 76% 20% 4% JEFFAMINE .RTM. ED-6000 28% 4%13 74% 20% 6% JEFFAMINE .RTM. ED-6000 46% 4%14 74% 20% 6% JEFFAMINE .RTM. ED-4000 40% 4%15 74% 20% 6% JEFFAMINE .RTM. M-2070 77% 21%16 72% 20% 8% JEFFAMINE .RTM. M-2070 40% 21%17 72% 20% 8% JEFFAMINE .RTM. M-2001 68% 21%______________________________________

In the following Examples 18-27, there are shown modified TPO-based (thermoplastic olefin-based) compositions including polyether amines of the present invention (in Tables 18A, 19A, 20A, 21A, 22A, 23A, 24A, 25A, 26A, and 27A), the physical properties of the compositions (in Tables 18B, 19B, 20B, 21B, 22B, 23B, 24B, 25B, 26B, and 27B) and the paint adhesion of the compositions (in Tables 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C, 23C, 24C, 25C, 26C, and 27C). In the Tables shown in Examples 18-27, the following phrases have the indicated meanings:

"HIMONT CA53A" is a reactor grade TPO containing polypropylene ("PP") and ethylene propylene rubber ("EP rubber") obtained from Himont, which may be described as having medium melt flow.

"Phenol" is ETHANOX 330 which is a hindered phenol stabilizer obtained from Albemarle.

"EPOLENE E-43" is a maleated PP obtained from Eastman Chemical, having about 4 wt % maleation as determined from proton nmr.

"HIMONT LB150161" is a reactor grade TPO having a high melt flow.

"AMOCO 1016" is a PP having a melt flow rate at 230.degree. C. of about 5 g/min. as indicated by the supplier, Amoco Chemical.

"DEXFLEX D-161" is a compounded TPO of PP and EP rubber which is described as having medium melt flow by the supplier, Dutch State Mines ("DSM").

"NICHIBAN" refers to the tradename of a tape obtained from a Japanese company.

"STAMYLAN P" is an impact EP copolymer containing 5-10% ethylene in the backbone obtained from DSM having a melt flow at 230.degree. C./2.16 Kg using an 150 R1133 procedure of 4.7 dg/min. as reported by the supplier, DSM.

"KELTAN TP-0552-2" is a TPO having a melt flow at 230.degree. C./2.16 Kg using an ISO R1133 procedure of 6.5 as reported by the supplier, DSM.

"VISTALON 878" is an EP rubber available from Exxon Chemical.

"W/IPA" means with isopropanol wipe prior to painting and "W/O IPA" means without isopropanol wipe painting.

In Examples 18-27, the sample compositions were injection molded to prepare type I tensile bars, which were used in the adhesion tests. The following procedures were used in these examples.

A hand mixed blend of polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, polyether amine and an antioxidant is produced and added to the feed hopper. The extruder heater bands are set to the following profile: feed throat 200.degree. C., 220.degree. C., 220.degree. C., 220.degree. C., 220.degree. C., 220.degree. C. die face.

The blend is fed into the feed throat of a Werner Pfleiderer ZSK30 twin screw extruder. The compounded product is cooled in a water bath and pelletized.

Test specimens were injection molded using an ENGEL 55 ton injection molding machine using the following conditions:

______________________________________Heating ZonesNozzle 199.degree. C. 196.degree. C. 196.degree. C. 196.degree. C. Feed ZoneMold Temperature 27.degree. C.______________________________________

Physical test specimens were allowed to equilibrate at 24.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity for 48 hours. Tensile measurements were made according to ASTM D638 on an INSTRON frame using a crosshead speed of 10 cm/min. Flexural properties were measured according to ASTM D790 using a crosshead speed of 1.25 cm/min. Izod impact properties were measured according to ASTM D256.

Dynamical mechanical spectrometry (DMS) was performed using a RHEOMETRICS RDS-II. Injection molded bars measuring 12 mm.times.50 mm.times.3 mm were tested in rectangular torsion mode at 1 hz. Strains imposed upon the samples were typically between 0.05% and 0.2%. Measurements were shown to be strain insensitive over the region investigated. The storage and the loss moduli as well as tan delta were measuring from -120.degree. C. up through the melting of the samples, using a heating rate of 2.degree. C./min. in a nitrogen atmosphere. Samples were tested after conditioning at 24.degree. C. and 50% relative humidity for 24 hours.

Paint adhesion testing involved painting four inch injection molded discs with a white, two component urethane automotive paint supplied by RED SPOT PAINTS. The paint is applied with a high volume, low pressure BINKS spray gun. The painted disks are based for 30 minutes at 80.degree. C. The specimens are conditioned 24 hours and then tested using a crosshatch/tape adhesion test where a multibladed scribe is used to generate 100 squares (approximately 2 mm.times.2 mm per square) on the disks. A piece of tape (Scotch Brand 2040, 3M) is then applied over the squares and then the tape is pulled from the disk. The percentages denoted in the tables reflect the number of painted squares remaining after pulling the tape from the disk.

EXAMPLE 18

TABLE 18A______________________________________ JEFFAMINE .RTM.Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol PP______________________________________1 99.7% -- -- 0.3%2 84.7% -- -- 0.3% 15%3 79.7% -- 0.3% 20%4 84.7% 15% -- 0.3%5 79.7% 20% -- 0.3%6 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%7 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%8 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%9 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%10 71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%11 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%12 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%13 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%14 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%15 71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%______________________________________ .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 TABLE 18B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 578 725 736 686 741Stress at Yield, MPa 19.1 23.3 24.1 22.6 24.4Tensile Elongation, % 667 666 622 559 417Tensile Strength, MPa 16.2 18.9 18.8 16.1 16.7Young's Modulus, MPa 338 432 453 423 452Notched Izod Impact, 554 493 382 100 72.9J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 55.0 49.4 43.3 44.3 34.0Unnotched Izod Impact, 839 1025 931 924 997J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1430 1624 1652 1556 1485Total E, J 21.6 23.7 25.6 23.1 16.0DSCTm, .degree.C. 156 156 158 153 164Delta H, J/g 61.8 63.5 72.0 9.7 78.2Tc, .degree.C. 98.9 103 104 102 109Delta H, J/g 69.5 79.1 80.8 74.8 81.6______________________________________ 6 7 8 9 10______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 643 560Stress at Yield, MPa 21.1 17.3Tensile Elongation, % 296 53Tensile Strength, MPa 15.3 13.2Young's Modulus, MPa 390 364Notched Izod Impact, 154 363J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 33.2 33.7Unnotched Izod Impact, 828 651J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1406 1064 1247 1043 905Total E, J 19.1 11.4 15.9 11.0 9.59DSCTm, .degree.C. 152 151 150 150Delta H, J/g 61.6 62.4 63.7 63.3Tc, .degree.C. 101 102 103 103Delta H, J/g 73.7 73.3 73.2 72.8______________________________________ 11 12 13 14 15______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 586 572 579 596 648Stress at Yield, MPa 18.2 17.4 18.5 18.8 19.8Tensile Elongation, % 666 666 666 666 666Tensile Strength, MPa 14.8 14.9 13.3 13.7 14.7Young's Modulus, MPa 348 322 323 342 342Hardness Shore D 57 56 57 57 56Notched Izod Impact, 563 574 116 184 565J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 40.9 34.9 34.4 27.0 29.0Unnotched Izod Impact, 840 780 847 772 756J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1541 1523 1505 1557 1539Total E, J 22.8 23.0 20.7 21.9 23.0______________________________________ TABLE 18Ci______________________________________ADHESION TEST% AdhesionTest Test Test % AdhesionSAMPLE 1 2 3 SAMPLE Test 1 Test 2 Test 3______________________________________PP 0 0 PP 0 21 0 2 1 0 02 19 32 2 0 13 5 1 3 1 54 49 23 36 4 0 05 61 57 59 5 0 06 80 99 90 6 65 52 587 100 78 89 7 26 5 168 77 62 70 8 43 30 369 91 90 90 9 90 98 9410 93 98 96 10 82 91 6 11 80 94 87______________________________________ TABLE 18Cii______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST S1 (SAMPLE) W/IPA______________________________________ 6 100% 7 100% 9 100% 10 96% 11 100% 14 100%______________________________________ TABLE 18Ciii______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST S1 S2(SAMPLE) W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________11 97 10012 0 413 82 8814 95 9815 7 9______________________________________

EXAMPLE 19

TABLE 19A______________________________________ JEFFAMINE .RTM.Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol______________________________________1 99.7% -- -- 0.3%2 84.7% 15% -- 0.3%3 79.7% 20% -- 0.3%4 65.7% 30% -- 0.3%5 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%6 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%7 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%8 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%9 71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%10 65.7% 30% 4% 0.3%11 63.7% 30% 6% 0.3%12 61.7% 30% 8% 0.3%13 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%14 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%15 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%16 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%17 71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%18 65.7% 30% 4% 0.3%19 63.7% 30% 6% 0.3%20 61.7% 30% 8% 0.3%______________________________________ .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 TABLE 19B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 1234 1314 1329 1379 1351Stress at Yield, MPa 39.1 41.6 42.5 43.9 39.9Tensile Elongation, % 186 59 18 10 159Tensile Strength, MPa 25.3 25.9 26.4 26.5 25.1Young's Modulus, MPa 694 732 789 809 715Notched Izod Impact, 69.3 47.0 43.3 25.2 57.2J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 33.5 19.1 17.7 16.5 18.8Unnotched Izod Impact, 1413 1095 965 694 945J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 2096 2148 1010 344 1137Total E, J 30.9 29.8 4.69 1.46 5.70DSCTm, .degree.C. 166 165 164 165Delta H, J/g 86.6 85.8 95.2 94.2Tc, .degree.C. 109 109 110 109Delta H, J/g 106 105 104 99.3______________________________________ 6 7 8 9 10 11______________________________________Flexural 1128 1253 1108 1017 1280 1186Modulus, MPaStress at Yield, 31.6 37 28.4 23 35.4 31.4MPaTensile 11 19 8.8 8.3 8.3 6.9Elongation, %Tensile 20.8 24.1 20 17.6 22.8 20.4Strength, MPaYoung's 661 708 677 624 742 701Modulus, MPaNotched Izod 72.5 50.4 47.1 42.2 26.6 17.7Impact, J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 15.2 11.7 10.2 9.5 7.5 6.6Unnotched 262 475 178 172 241 191Izod Impact,J/mFallingDart ImpactMax Load, J/m 630 356 329 368 219 220Total E, J 3.53 1.63 2.66 2.37 1.2 1.23DSCTm, .degree.C. 165 165 166 164 164 164Delta H, J/g 93.9 97.3 95.7 91.4 97.7 93.5Tc, .degree.C. 109 109 110 109 110 108Delta H, J/g 98 101 7.1 96 101 97.3______________________________________ TABLE 19C______________________________________ADHESION TEST______________________________________% AdhesionTest Test Test % AdhesionSAMPLE 1 2 3 SAMPLE Test 1 Test 2 Test 3______________________________________PP.sup.1 0 0 PP 0 21 0 2 1 0 02 19 32 2 0 13 5 1 3 1 54 49 23 36 4 0 05 61 57 0 06 80 99 90 6 65 52 587 100 78 89 7 26 5 168 77 62 70 8 43 30 369 91 90 90 9 90 98 9410 93 98 96 10 82 91 6 11 80 94 87______________________________________% Adhesion % AdhesionSample Test 1 Test 2 Sample Test 1 Test 2______________________________________13 0% 0% 13 0% 0%14 0% 0% 14 0% 6%15 1% 0% 15 20% 1%16 0% 11% 16 4% 36%17 0% 0% 17 0% 3%18 28% 17% 18 23% 26%19 22% 13% 19 13% 11%20 89% 62% 20 27% 21%______________________________________ .sup.1 Control

EXAMPLE 20

TABLE 20A______________________________________Sam- JEFFAMINE .RTM. EPple PP.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 RUBBER.sup.3 Phenol______________________________________1 74.7% 5% -- 20% 0.3%2 69.7% 10% -- 20% 0.3%3 59.7% 15% -- 25% 0.3%4 70.7% 5% 4% 20% 0.3%5 68.7% 5% 6% 20% 0.3%6 66.7% 5% 8% 20% 0.3%7 65.7% 10% 4% 20% 0.3%8 63.7% 10% 6% 20% 0.3%9 61.7% 10% 8% 20% 0.3%10 55.7% 15% 4% 25% 0.3%11 53.7% 15% 6% 25% 0.3%12 51.7% 15% 8% 25% 0.3%______________________________________ .sup.1 AMOCO 1016 .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 .sup.3 VISTALON TABLE 20B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 1342 1411 1333 1359Stress at Yield, MPa 38.6 40.2 36.5 36.4Tensile Elongation, % 168 140 173 451Tensile Strength, MPa 25.2 25.4 22.7 22.5Young's Modulus, MPa 731 750 699 671Hardness, Shore D 66 69 64 67Notched Izod Impact, J/m 108 59 107 338-30.degree. C., J/m 17.6 16.6 18.0 23.1Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 1106 1199 1311 1252Falling Dart ImpactMaximum Load, J/m 2045 2035 1826 1879-30.degree. C., J/m 3417 3351 3122 2888Total Energy, J 30.0 29.2 26.2 25.9-30.degree. C., J 41.9 34.6 39.4 22.2______________________________________ 5 6 7 8______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 1070 1029 1168 1064Stress at Yield, MPa 29.6 28.0 31.6 28.3Tensile Elongation, % 125 106 188 119Tensile Strength, MPa 19.1 18.1 19.9 18.2Young's Modulus, MPa 575 552 595 555Hardness, Shore D 63 61 64 63Notched Izod Impact, J/m 361 444 273 286-30.degree. C., J/m 28.4 43.8 19.2 18.4Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 867 816 874 785Falling Dart ImpactMaximum Load, J/m 1710 1495 1858 1338-30.degree. C., J/m 920 595 2101 385Total Energy, J 18.5 14.8 22.8 13.5-30.degree. C., J 30.5 2.19 12.4 1.58______________________________________ 9 10 11 12______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 1006 1078 968 915Stress at Yield, MPa 26.4 28.8 26.4 24.0Tensile Elongation, % 122 196 184 40Tensile Strength, MPa 17.1 18.2 17.2 15.6Young's Modulus, MPa 523 553 527 500Hardness, Shore D 61 62 61 60Notched Izod Impact, J/m 256 277 240 127-30.degree. C., J/m 24.0 25.0 26.4 13.8Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 729 904 860 782Falling Dart ImpactMaximum Load, J/m 1024 1606 1317 1110-30.degree. C., J/m 339 1021 500 561Total Energy, J 9.2 18.9 13.5 9.9-30.degree. C., J 1.74 4.31 2.50 2.69______________________________________ TABLE 20C______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST S1 S2 S1 S2SAMPLE W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________1 19% 20% 0% 2%2 19% 44% 11% 13%3 50% 89% 99% 100%4 40% 59% 37% 52%5 29% 55% 5% 33%6 92% 100% 4% 39%7 82% 89% 28% 32%8 95% 100% 68% 100%9 97% 78% 70% 75%10 83% 100% 99% 100%11 99% 100% 82% 96%12 92% 100% 100% 100%______________________________________

EXAMPLE 21

TABLE 21A______________________________________ JEFFAMINE .RTM.Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol______________________________________1 100% -- -- 0.3%2 90% 10% -- 0.3%3 85% 15% -- 0.3%4 80% 20% -- --5 85.8% 10% 4%6 83.8% 10% 6% 0.2%7 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%8 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%9 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%10 73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%11 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%12 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%13 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%14 73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%______________________________________ .sup.1 DEXFLEX D161 .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 TABLE 21B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 944 985 1050 1101 857Stress at Yield, MPa 25.1 27.4 29.3 30.7 23.9Tensile Elongation, % 506 186 116 78 466Tensile Strength, MPa 17.8 18.7 19.5 20.1 16.8Young's Modulus, MPa 551 581 629 654 491Hardness Shore D 63 65 67 68 63Notched Izod Impact, 576 343 84 54 475J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 35.9 31.5 25.1 16.9 33.6Unnotched Izod Impact, 1027 965 1174 1066 944J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1669 1678 1703 1721 1509-30.degree. C., J/m 2980 3140 3094 2880 2397Total E, J 24.1 22.8 22.7 21.8 21.9-30.degree. C., J 36.9 38.0 29.7 17.0 28.8______________________________________ 6 7 8 9 10______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 748 832 745 788 804Stress at Yield, MPa 20.8 23.0 20.4 22.6 22.4Tensile Elongation, % 71 100 31 26 18Tensile Strength, MPa 14.7 16.1 14.5 16.3 15.0Young's Modulus, MPa 445 486 451 492 460Hardness Shore D 61 64 451 61 60Notched Izod Impact, 331 252 60 74 56J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 37.8 22.2 144 17.2 18.3Unnotched Izod Impact, 736 737 22.7 419 310J/mFalling Dart Impact422Max Load, J/m 1340 1408 1047 1047 704-30.degree. C., J/m 550 422 356 411 339Total E, J 15.1 15.7 9.0 7.4 5.1-30.degree. C., J 1.31 0.82 0.62 0.70 0.53______________________________________ 11 12 13 14______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 892 802 945 874Stress at Yield, MPa 26.2 23.7 27.1 25.4Tensile Elongation, % 221 511 187 370Tensile Strength, MPa 18.1 16.8 18.3 17.4Young's Modulus, MPa 525 467 539 495Hardness Shore D 63 63 64 61Notched Izod Impact, J/m 159 511 99 118-30.degree. C., J/m 26.6 25.9 20.6 18.7Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 1020 934 1174 913Falling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1610 1603 1591 1618-30.degree. C., J/m 2655 1541 1517 1259Total E, J 22.4 23.6 19.1 19.5-30.degree. C., J 20.8 5.45 6.24 4.88______________________________________ TABLE 21C______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST S1 S2 S1 S2(SAMPLE) W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________PP.sup.1 0.00 0.00 0.001 3 18 78 272 63 63 94 483 79 59 62 1004 0.00 14 87 835 100 100 100 1006 100 100 100 1007 100 100 99 1008 100 100 97 1009 100 100 100 10010 100 100 100 10011 67 67 94 8812 62 62 10 2213 100 100 100 10014 100 100 100 100______________________________________ .sup.1 Control.

EXAMPLE 22

TABLE 22A______________________________________ JEFFAMINE .RTM.Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol______________________________________1 100% -- -- --2 90% 10% -- --3 85% 15% -- --4 80% 20% -- --5 85.8% 10% 4% 0.2%6 83.8% 10% 6% 0.2%7 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%8 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%9 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%10 73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%11 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%12 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%13 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%14 73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%______________________________________ .sup.1 STAMYLAN P .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 TABLE 22B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7______________________________________Flexural Modulus, 1053 1123 1185 1259 1100 1025 1040MPaStress at Yield, MPa 32.3 35.3 36.5 38.9 32.7 30.0 31.0Tensile Elongation, % 453 173 141 36 168 30 22Tensile Strength, MPa 21.2 22.7 23.1 23.7 21.5 19.9 20.3Young's Modulus, 568 647 665 696 581 571 592MPaNotched Izod Impact, 716 607 159 118 519 482 219J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 77.4 43.5 34.7 23.5 37.0 47.8 33.5Unnotched Izod 1075 1246 1078 1124 911 853 629Impact, J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1987 2002 2013 2052 1853 1614 1632-30.degree. C., J/m 3562 3721 2804 1154 1464 461 503Total Energy, J 31.4 31.1 30.0 28.8 25.9 17.4 18.1-30.degree. C., J 45.2 42.7 17.2 3.6 5.3 0.9 1.0______________________________________ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14______________________________________Flexural Modulus, 995 1662 999 1107 1083 1131 1076MPaStress at Yield, MPa 26.9 30.8 28.4 33.9 32.2 34.0 32.5Tensile Elongation, % 14 15 11 218 483 80 230Tensile Strength, MPa 18.3 19.9 18.5 21.4 20.1 21.7 20.8Young's Modulus, 542 582 560 587 517 619 582MPaNotched Izod 238 109 104 495 563 145 157Impact, J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 34.6 24.2 22.7 27.1 39.8 28.5 26.8Unnotched Izod 514 464 336 1029 1008 1004 863Impact, J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1301 1003 1021 2017 2002 941 1878-30.degree. C., J/m 460 455 3633 1244 1140 1193Total Energy, J 11.0 8.3 6.3 30.2 29.5 7.9 26.4-30.degree. C., J 0.7 0.7 26.8 3.6 3.2 3.5______________________________________ TABLE 22C______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST______________________________________DISC SAMPLE S1 S2 S1 S2TAPE 3M.sup.1 3M NICHIBAN NICHIBANSAMPLE W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________1 6% 0% 0% 3%2 1% 0% 14% 1%3 1% 0% 7% 2%4 0% 6% 1% 15%5 45% 80% 83% 32%6 96% 98% 96% 100%7 88% 96% 82% 92%8 89% 78% 74% 96%9 94% 87% 100% 98%10 99% 100% 100% 100%11 3% 47% 20% 27%12 7% 1% 2% 3%13 38% 79% 35% 78%14 85% 65% 100% 97%______________________________________ .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040 DISC SAMPLE S1 S2 S1 S2SAMPLE W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________1 4% 1% 5% 0%2 0% 0% 7% 0%3 4% 0% 4% 10%4 9% 1% 17% 1%5 26% 79% 57% 46%6 95% 90% 93% 92%7 95% 89% 94% 89%8 83% 84% 97% 97%9 85% 94% 98% 96%10 96% 88% 99% 97%11 83% 58% 90% 71%12 0% 5% 8% 20%13 86% 95% 74% 92%14 97% 86% 92% 98%15.sup.1 98% 98% 100% 100%______________________________________ .sup.1 Reactive extrusion product of 73% STAMYLAN P, 20% EPOLENE E43, 6% Jeffamine .RTM. M2070, and 0.2% Phenol.

EXAMPLE 23

TABLE 23A______________________________________Sam- JEFFAMINE .RTM. EPple PP.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 RUBBER.sup.3 Phenol______________________________________1 69.7% -- -- 30% 0.3%2 59.7% 10% -- 30% 0.3%3 56.7% 13% -- 30% 0.3%4 52.2% 17.5% -- 30% 0.3%5 57.7% 10% 2% 30% 0.3%6 55.7% 10% 4% 30% 0.3%7 53.7% 10% 6% 30% 0.3%8 54.7% 13% 2% 30% 0.3%9 52.7% 13% 4% 30% 0.3%10 50.7% 13% 6% 30% 0.3%11 50.2% 17.5% 2% 30% 0.3%12 48.2% 17.5% 4% 30% 0.3%13 46.2% 17.5% 6% 30% 0.3%14 57.7% 10% 2% 30% 0.3%15 55.7% 10% 4% 30% 0.3%16 53.7% 10% 6% 30% 0.3%17 54.7% 13% 2% 30% 0.3%18 52.7% 13% 4% 30% 0.3%19 50.7% 13% 6% 30% 0.3%20 50.2% 17.5% 2% 30% 0.3%21 48.2% 17.5% 4% 30% 0.3%22 46.2% 17.5% 6% 30% 0.3%______________________________________ .sup.1 AMOCO 1016 .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 .sup.3 VISTALON 878 TABLE 23B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8______________________________________Flexural 1064 1095 1166 1156 1062 843 741 959Modulus, MPaStress at 28.5 29.7 32.5 31.3 27.4 22.8 20.1 25.7Yield, MPaTensile 483 211 181 151 252 356 107 316Elongation, %Tensile 19.5 19.7 20.2 19.2 18.1 15.2 13.7 16.6Strength, MPaYoung's 583 608 608 611 551 456 412 487Modulus, MPaHardness, 64 63 65 64 61 60 59 59Shore DNotched Izod 576 436 252 161 510 449 450 427Impact, J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 58.4 28.0 22.2 26.0 33.0 54.3 54.9 31.4Unnotched 979 957 976 867 955 847 815 819Izod Impact,J/mFallingDart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1711 1760 1710 1607 1565 1431 1199 1514-30.degree. C., J/m 3096 3236 3245 3177 3014 1487 802 2962Total Energy, 25.5 29.2 22.5 20.6 27.3 18.1 14.2 20.0-30.degree. C., J 39.1 41.5 42.6 37.4 40.1 6.8 3.6 19.6Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-30.degree. C./5 5 5 5 3 5 0 0 0______________________________________ 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16______________________________________Flexural 798 746 863 792 709 991 964 907Modulus, MPaStress at 22.2 20.3 23.9 21.8 19.5 26.8 25.4 23.6Yield, MPaTensile 157 65 252 94 33 498 494 656Elongation, %Tensile 15.0 13.7 16.3 14.9 13.6 18.1 17.3 17.5Strength, MPaYoung's 437 387 476 436 408 503 479 437Modulus, MPaHardness, 61 59 61 60 60 62 59 58Shore DNotched Izod 439 384 258 271 205 530 575 586Impact, J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 40.9 31.0 25.5 28.6 29.8 49.8 33.9 56.1Unnotched 818 679 712 778 665 1146 1108 1012Izod Impact,J/mFallingDart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1370 1224 1452 1258 1027 1649 1631 1554-30.degree. C., J/m 1224 718 1229 580 487 3098 3096 3060Total Energy, J 16.1 14.6 18.6 13.9 11.9 24.0 23.6 23.8-30.degree. C., J 5.0 3.4 5.8 2.6 3.4 40.0 40.1 39.8Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-30.degree. C./5 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5______________________________________ 17 18 19 20 21 22______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 986 946 921 964 922 889Stress at Yield, MPa 27.2 25.0 23.5 26.4 24.8 23.0Tensile Elongation, % 511 578 605 87 109 202Tensile Strength, MPa 1.67 16.0 15.7 17.7 16.7 16.2Young's Modulus, MPa 456 439 404 518 477 475Hardness, Shore D 62 60 58 62 62 54Notched Izod Impact, J/m 463 549 594 209 357 551-30.degree. C., J/m 27.7 30.9 34.1 19.9 30.2 24.7Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 996 922 804 899 1011 774Falling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1541 1602 1534 1484 1429 1418-30.degree. C., J/m 3199 3171 3131 2932 3215 3225Total Energy, J 20.9 22.8 22.2 18.2 18.4 20.6-30.degree. C., J 41.6 41.9 41.4 24.4 40.6 41.8Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5-30.degree. C./5 5 5 5 1 5 5______________________________________ TABLE 23C______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST S1 S2 S1 S2(SAMPLE) W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________PP.sup.1 0% 0%1 94% 72% 35% 1%2 74% 57% 73% 45%3 10% 25% 26% 36%4 80% 62% 16% 24%5 94% 97% 54% 94%6 99% 100% 94% 97%7 100% 100% 100% 100%8 100% 100% 100% 100%9 100% 100% 100% 100%10 100% 100% 100% 100%11 100% 100% 97% 100%12 100% 100% 100% 100%13 97% 95% 98% 100%14 94% 100% 69% 79%15 65% 59% 0% 0%16 39% 52% 0% 0%17 100% 100% 67% 71%18 85% 88% 8% 2%19 75% 43% 20% 3%20 100% 100% 99% 100%21 100% 100% 93% 100%22 83% 78% 2% 2%______________________________________ .sup.1 Control

EXAMPLE 24

TABLE 24A______________________________________ JEFFAMINE .RTM.Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol______________________________________1 100% -- -- --2 90% 10% -- --3 85% 15% -- --4 80% 20% -- --5 85.8% 10% 4% 0.2%6 83.8% 10% 6% 0.2%7 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%8 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%9 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%10 73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%11 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%12 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%13 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%14 73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%______________________________________ .sup.1 KELTAN TP 05522 .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 TABLE 24B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7______________________________________Flexural Modulus, 915 971 1034 1076 799 724 780MPaStress at Yield, MPa 23.1 25.5 27.6 28.4 21.5 18.4 21.1Tensile Elongation, % 529 61 36 16 38 20 17Tensile Strength, MPa 15.6 16.1 16.6 17.0 14.8 13.4 14.8Young's Modulus, 504 534 570 588 459 432 461MPaHardness, Shore D 61 61 63 64 58 56 58Notched Izod Impact, 669 551 160 111 486 402 413J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 700 101 71.3 56.7 96.4 75.6 70.6Unnotched Izod 944 877 942 937 810 706 805Impact, J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1695 1732 1399 1747 1522 1178 1453-30.degree. C., J/m 2912 3013 3110 2932 1389 529 839Total Energy, J 27.8 26.9 21.0 22.2 19.0 14.4 17.8-30.degree. C., J 40.5 40.6 29.9 18.6 5.4 4.2 4.3Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-30.degree. C./5 5 5 1 0 0 0 0______________________________________ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14______________________________________Flexural Modulus, 718 812 760 863 798 871 845MPaStress at Yield, MPa 19.0 21.7 19.9 22.8 21.6 23.4 22.9Tensile Elongation, % 12 11 11 82 478 65 92Tensile Strength, MPa 13.7 15.0 13.9 15.7 15.6 16.3 16.1Young's Modulus, 441 487 462 473 463 486 478MPaHardness, Shore D 56 59 58 62 59 61 61Notched Izod Impact, 438 128 200 519 620 147 166J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 42.3 38.4 29.1 61.7 44.1 50.8 37.7Unnotched Izod 570 574 374 850 855 905 828Impact, J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1155 1284 924 1544 1579 1516 1544-30.degree. C., J/m 454 545 487 2989 2300 2287 1526Total Energy, J 13.2 10.7 6.7 19.9 24.4 16.3 21.1-30.degree. C., J 3.4 2.9 3.6 22.3 12.0 10.8 10.4Ductile/5 5 0 0 5 5 0 5-30.degree. C./5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0______________________________________ TABLE 24C______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST S1 S2 S1 S2(SAMPLE) W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________PP.sup.1 0% 0%1 96% 88% 86% 90%2 72% 75% 53% 24%3 69% 41% 43% 10%4 41% 15% 40% 3%5 100% 100% 100% 100%6 100% 100% 100% 100%7 100% 100% 100% 100%8 100% 100% 100% 100%9 100% 100% 100% 100%10 100% 100% 99% 100%11 100% 100% 100% 100%12 98% 100% 78% 3%13 100% 88% 100% 100%14 100% 100% 100% 100%15.sup.2 100% 100%______________________________________ .sup.1 Control .sup.2 Reactive extrusion product of 73% STAMYLAN P, 20% EPOLENE E43, 6% Jeffamine .RTM. M2070, and 0.2% Phenol.

EXAMPLE 25

TABLE 25A______________________________________Sample PP.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 AMINE.sup.3 EP RUBBER.sup.4 Phenol______________________________________1 74.7% 5% -- 20% 0.3%2 69.7% 10% -- 20% 0.3%3 59.7% 15% -- 25% 0.3%4 70.7% 5% 4% 20% 0.3%5 68.7% 5% 6% 20% 0.3%6 66.7% 5% 8% 20% 0.3%7 65.7% 10% 4% 20% 0.3%8 63.7% 10% 6% 20% 0.3%9 61.7% 10% 8% 20% 0.3%10 55.7% 15% 4% 25% 0.3%11 53.7% 15% 6% 25% 0.3%12 51.7% 15% 8% 25% 0.3%______________________________________ .sup.1 AMOCO 1016 .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 .sup.3 A polyether monoamine containing 40 ethylene oxide units and 2.4 propylene oxide units, generally of the formula shown in the Glossary for JEFFAMINE .RTM. M2070 .sup.4 VISTALON 878 TABLE 25B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 1233 1218 1134 1197 1098 994Stress at Yield, MPa 35.1 35.2 31.7 33.0 30.9 28.6Tensile Elongation, % 189 182 148 159 262 116Tensile Strength, MPa 23.7 23.6 21.3 22.0 20.3 18.4Young's Modulus, MPa 642 648 612 618 580 527Hardness, Shore D 64 65 63 65 63 62Notched Izod Impact, J/m 128 82 100 282 451 470-30.degree. C., J/m 15.2 16.2 17.2 16.0 15.6 23.1Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 1056 1237 1144 1091 969 981Falling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1915 1848 1728 1788 1753 1408-30.degree. C., J/m 3480 3496 3325 2495 2191 479Total Energy, J 27.0 25.2 22.2 22.9 22.5 14.2-30.degree. C., J 43.5 40.0 42.2 20.4 9.6 2.0Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5-30.degree. C./5 5 4 5 2 0 0______________________________________ 7 8 9 10 11 12______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 1161 1029 970 976 922 910Stress at Yield, MPa 32.1 29.2 28.5 26.8 25.6 25.3Tensile Elongation, % 374 240 118 376 474 185Tensile Strength, MPa 20.5 18.9 18.3 17.7 16.0 17.0Young's Modulus, MPa 570 552 521 505 469 486Hardness, Shore D 64 61 60 61 60 60Notched Izod Impact, J/m 366 383 315 391 425 341-30.degree. C., J/m 17.9 16.8 19.2 20.2 19.8 17.6Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 893 781 854 857 799 827Falling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1787 1449 1046 1546 1252 995-30.degree. C., J/m 3079 588 542 1668 676 492Total Energy, J 23.5 14.8 10.2 18.4 13.2 10.0-30.degree. C., J 20.8 2.6 2.6 7.0 2.6 2.2Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5-30.degree. C./5 0 0 0 0 0 0______________________________________ TABLE 25C______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TESTDISCSAMPLE S1 S2 S1 S2TAPE 3M.sup.1 3M NICHIBAN NICHIBANSAMPLE W/O IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________PP.sup.2 0% 1%1 8% 4% 1% 12% 49%2 1% 2% 4% 39% 43%3 87% 90% 91% 97% 100%4 49% 53% 57% 87% 95%5 98% 98% 97% 100% 100%6 99% 100% 100% 100% 100%7 100% 100% 99% 100% 100%8 98% 99% 100% 100% 100%9 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%10 100% 100% 100% 100%11 100% 100% 100% 100%12 100% 100% 100% 100%______________________________________ .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040 .sup.2 Control

EXAMPLE 26

TABLE 26A______________________________________ JEFFAMINE .RTM.Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol______________________________________1 100% -- -- --2 90% 10% -- --3 85% 15% -- --4 80% 20% -- --5 85.8% 10% 4% 0.2%6 83.8% 10% 6% 0.2%7 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%8 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%9 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%10 73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%11 80.8% 15% 4% D.2%12 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%13 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%14 73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%______________________________________ .sup.1 KELTAN TP 2632 .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 TABLE 26B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7______________________________________Flexural Modulus, 1648 1838 1863 1895 1537 1314 1415MPaStress at Yield, MPa 26.9 32.7 33.9 34.2 27.5 23.8 25.7Tensile Elongation, % 93 6 4 2 9 9 6Tensile Strength, MPa 15.9 18.7 19.0 18.9 17.0 15.4 15.9Young's Modulus, 876 1007 1065 1080 881 779 802MPaHardness, Shore D 63 64 64 64 62 57 60Notched Izod Impact, 518 56 98 23 126 204 63J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 146 36 24 14 27 32 19Unnotched Izod 1147 923 691 327 920 508 417Impact, J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1496 1644 1628 1222 1408 1044 916-30.degree. C., J/m 2499 2662 2371 799 1040 597 566Total Energy, J 22.0 21.1 20.1 9.72 16.7 10.1 8.45-30.degree. C., J 34.7 21.6 13.1 5.14 3.61 3.15 2.96Ductile/5 5 5 5 0 3 5 0-30.degree. C./5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0______________________________________ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14______________________________________Flexural Modulus, 1285 1439 1261 1356 1173 1479 1323MPaStress at Yield, MPa 22.8 25.8 22.6 27.6 26.1 28.7 27.0Tensile Elongation, % 6 4 5 8 10 4 6Tensile Strength, MPa 15.0 16.4 14.9 17.7 17.4 17.4 17.0Young's Modulus, 767 887 777 738 663 862 743MPaHardness, Shore D 59 60 60 62 60 61 59Notched Izod Impact, 58 27 31 55 92 32 40J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 16 13 12 22 22 15 18Unnotched Izod 313 334 222 691 812 632 771Impact, J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 719 492 334 1548 1555 929 1207-30.degree. C., J/m 518 487 472 1923 1161 616 812Total Energy, J 5.92 4.02 2.71 18.9 19.0 7.08 10.8-30.degree. C., J 3.07 2.63 2.82 7.76 5.34 3.85 4.02Ductile/5 0 0 0 4 5 0 0-30.degree. C./5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0______________________________________ TABLE 26C______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TESTDISC SAMPLE S1 S2 S1 S2TAPE 3M.sup.1 3M NICHIBAN NICHIBANSAMPLE W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________PP.sup.2 0% 0%1 77% 84% 65% 92%2 32% 0% 22% 5%3 1% 4% 8% 8%4 0% 0% 7% 13%5 100% 100% 99% 96%6 100% 100% 100% 100%7 100% 100% 95% 82%8 100% 100% 88% 100%9 99% 98% 100% 100%10 100% 100% 100% 100%11 100% 96% 100% 93%12 74% 19% 57% 77%13 83% 62% 100% 64%14 91% 84% 91% 93%______________________________________ .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040 .sup.2 Control

EXAMPLE 27

TABLE 27A______________________________________Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 AMINE.sup.3 Phenol PP.sup.4______________________________________1 99.7% -- -- 0.3%2 84.7% -- -- 0.3% 15%3 79.7% -- -- 0.3% 20%4 89.7% 10% -- 0.3%5 84.7% 15% -- 0.3%6 79.7% 20% -- 0.3%7 85.7% 10% 4% 0.3%8 83.7% 10% 6% 0.3%9 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%10 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%11 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%12 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%13 71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%______________________________________ .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A .sup.2 EPOLENE E43 .sup.3 A polyether monoamine containing 40 ethylene oxide units and 2.4 propylene oxide units, generally of the formula shown in the Glossary for JEFFAMINE .RTM. M2070 .sup.4 AMOCO 1016 TABLE 27B______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7______________________________________Flexural Modulus, 510 646 705 588 664 734 546MPaStress at Yield, MPa 15.8 19.8 21.4 18.7 20.6 22.7 17.2Tensile Elongation, % 666 666 666 666 666 484 531Tensile Strength, MPa 14.6 17.0 18.1 14.6 14.6 15.5 12.3Young's Modulus, 284 368 394 340 375 414 310MPaHardness, Shore D 58 60 60 59 61 62 57Notched Izod Impact, 589 582 597 529 398 94 499J/m-30.degree. C., J/m 65 47 38 38 37 37 40Unnotched Izod 722 867 841 727 882 958 704Impact, J/mFalling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1428 1589 1632 1486 1513 1529 1334-30.degree. C., J/m 3007 3335 3506 3290 3278 2610 889Total Energy, J 20.6 22.6 23.4 20.9 20.6 21.1 16.0-30.degree. C., J 39.4 39.3 44.6 43.0 38.5 18.0 3.7Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-30.degree. C./5 5 4 5 5 4 0 0______________________________________ 8 9 10 11 12 13______________________________________Flexural Modulus, MPa 502 529 618 603 591 653Stress at Yield, MPa 16.4 16.9 18.6 18.8 18.5 19.6Tensile Elongation, % 208 245 170 138 37 43Tensile Strength, MPa 11.7 12.2 13.0 13.5 13.5 13.8Young's Modulus, MPa 299 309 355 348 354 381Hardness, Shore D 52 58 57 52 57 59Notched Izod Impact, J/m 443 437 445 310 162 90-30.degree. C., J/m 46 35 36 28 25 22Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 601 642 834 871 732 789Falling Dart ImpactMax Load, J/m 1180 1255 1207 1263 1205 908-30.degree. C., J/m 760 2344 1505 1018 911 688Total Energy, J 12.9 14.1 14.2 14.4 13.2 7.0-30.degree. C., J 3.2 12 6.3 3.3 3.1 3.1Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 0-30.degree. C./5 0 0 0 0 0 0______________________________________ TABLE 27C______________________________________CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TESTDISC SAMPLE S1 S2 S1 S2TAPE 3M.sup.1 3M NICHIBAN NICHIBANSAMPLE W/O IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA______________________________________PP.sup.2 5% 2%1 29% 67% 74% 92%2 66% 76% 81% 84%3 61% 73% 78% 61%4 100% 98% 100% 98%5 96% 100% 100% 99%6 85% 94% 91% 96%7 100% 100% 100% 100%8 100% 100% 100% 100%9 100% 100% 100% 100%10 100% 100% 100% 100%11 100% 100% 100% 100%12 100% 100% 100% 100%13 100% 100% 100% 100%______________________________________ .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040 .sup.2 Control

Examples 18-27 demonstrate that TPO modified with the reaction product of maleated PP and polyether amines of this invention provides a composition that is directly paintable. This paintability is surprising and unexpected in that the TPO's used to make automotive body parts, such as bumper fascias, are not directly readily paintable to a commercially acceptable level. Heretofore, in order to render automotive TPO based molded body parts paintable, the parts were treated with an adhesion promoter comprised of low molecular weight chlorinated polyethylene and a solvent, which results in a toxic waste stream that must be properly disposed of, and which adds to the cost of the parts. Alternatively, the parts could be heat treated using plasma irradiation, or otherwise partially burning the surface of the parts. This procedure is also expensive and may be, moreover, prone to variability in result owing to batch to batch variances from procedure and errors by the operator.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the practice of the present invention generally may be directly painted, with or without a primer, such that the paint adhesion is greater than about 75 percent based on the testing procedure described above for Examples 18-27, preferably greater than about 85 percent, more preferably greater than about 90 percent, and most preferably greater than about 95 percent.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention may be used to prepare molded articles of manufacture using conventional, well known, molding techniques under standard conditions. For instance, standard injection molding techniques can be employed. Certain compositions (blends) of the present invention have surprisingly been found to have improved flowability characteristics during injection molding of TPO-based compositions such that less pressure may be used when injecting the melted compositions into a mold, as compared to compositions in which polyetheramine is absent. The desired shape of the molded article may vary depending on end use of the article. For instance, rubber containing compositions of the present invention may be injection molded to manufacture automotive body parts such as bumper fascias.

GLOSSARY ##STR4## where R.dbd.H, CH.sub.3, m is from about 3 to 32, and n is from about 10 to 32. ##STR5## where x is about 33 for D-2000, x is about 68 for D-4000 and x is about 5.6 for D-400. ##STR6## where b is about 8.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-600, b is about 15.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-900, b is about 40.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-20-1, b is about 86.0 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-4000, and b is about 132.0 and a+c is about 3.0 for ED-6000. ##STR7## where x+y+z=50 for T-3000 and x+y+z=83 for T-5000. ##STR8## where x+y+z=57 and a+b+c=4.

Claims

1. A composition useful for making molded automotive body parts, comprising:

polypropylene;

an elastomer; and

the reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene and a polyetheramine.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with the amount of ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine being greater than about 50 percent.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 5 to about 40 weight percent functionalized polypropylene, from about 2 to about 10 weight percent of polyether amine, and 50 to about 93 weight percent of polypropylene and elastomer.

4. A composition useful for making molded automotive body parts, comprising:

polypropylene;

an elastomer; and

the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and a polyetheramine.

5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the functionalized polypropylene has a number average molecular weight of about 3,000 to about 20,000.

6. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the elastomer is an ethylene/propylene rubber.

7. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with the amount of ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine being greater than about 50 percent.

8. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine and wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide wherein the amount of ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine on a molar basis is greater than about 75 percent.

9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the amount of ethylene oxide is greater than about 90 percent.

10. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the maleated polypropylene has a number average molecular weight of from about 3,000 to about 20,000.

11. The composition according to claim 4, the composition comprises maleated polypropylene in an amount in the range from about 5 to about 40 weight percent and polyetheramine in an amount in the range from about 2 to about 10 weight percent.

12. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combination thereof.

13. The composition according to claim 4, in the absence of an amine other than a polyetheramine and in the absence of a copolymer of an olefin and maleic anhydride.

14. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the paint adhesion of the composition is greater than 95 percent.

15. The composition according to claim 4, further comprising a glass filler in an amount up to about 40 weight percent.

16. A composition useful for making molded automotive body parts, comprising:

polypropylene;

ethylene/propylene rubber; and

the reaction product of polyetheramine and maleated polypropylene.

17. The composition of claim 16 wherein the maleated polypropylene has a number average molecular weight of from about 3,000 to about 10,000; and wherein the maleated polypropylene is present in an amount from about 5 to about 30 weight percent.

18. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the maleated polypropylene has a number average molecular weight of about 3,000 to about 20,000.

19. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the polyetheramine has a molecular weight in the range from about 148 to about 12,000 and wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine or a diamine.

20. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with the amount of ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine being greater than about 50 percent.

21. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine and wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide wherein the amount of ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine on a molar basis is greater than about 75 percent.

22. The composition according to claim 21, wherein the amount of ethylene oxide is greater than about 90 percent.

23. The composition according to claim 16, the composition comprises maleated polypropylene in an amount in the range from about 5 to about 40 weight percent and polyetheramine in an amount in the range from about 2 to about 10 weight percent.

24. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combination thereof.

25. The composition according to claim 16, in the absence of an amine other than a polyetheramine and in the absence of a copolymer of an olefin and maleic anhydride.

26. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the paint adhesion of the composition is greater than 95 percent.

27. An article of manufacture in the form of an automotive body part prepared by injection molding from a composition comprising:

polypropylene;

ethylene/propylene rubber; and

the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and a polyetheramine.

28. A method of preparing a painted automotive body part, comprising:

preparing a molded automotive body part by injection molding a blend comprising polypropylene, ethylene/propylene rubber and the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and a polyetheramine; and

painting the molded automotive body part.

29. A part prepared in accordance with claim 28.

30. A process for the production of compositions useful for making automotive body parts, comprising:

compounding polypropylene, maleated polypropylene and a polyetheramine in an extruder at a temperature of from about 175.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C., and under conditions such that the maleated propylene and polyetheramine form a reaction product, to form a compounded composition.

31. The process according to claim 19, wherein a rubber is present during compounding and is present in the compounded composition.

32. A blended composition useful for making molded articles of manufacture, comprising:

polypropylene;

a filler;

the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and polyetheramine.

33. The composition according to claim 32, further comprising an ethylene/propylene rubber.

34. The composition according to claim 32, wherein the filler is a glass filler and is present in an amount up to 40 weight percent of the composition.