Patent Application
20200040320
This application contains a Sequence Listing in computer readable form, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to polypeptides having mannanase activity, and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.
Mannans are polysaccharides with a backbone of β-1,4-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues, which can contain galactose or acetyl substitutions and may have glucose residues in the backbone. The main enzyme type participating in the degradation of mannans are endo-1,4-1-mannanases (EC 3.2.1.78), which hydrolyze the internal glycoside bonds in the mannan backbone.
Mannans are a type of hemicellulose representing up to 25% of wood dry weight in softwoods, but are also found in other plant material, especially in a variety of seeds. The mannan containing guar gum is used as a stabilizer in many food products.
Thus it could be advantageous to use endomannanases in applications where mannan needs to be degraded. Examples of where mannanases could be used are in detergents to remove mannan containing stains, in the production of bioethanol from softwood (Várnai et al, (2011) “Synergistic action of xylanase and mannanase improves the total hydrolysis of softwood”, Bioresource tech., 102(19), pp. 9096-104) and palm kernel press cake (Jørgensen et al, (2010) “Production of ethanol and feed by high dry matter hydrolysis and fermentation of palm kernel press cake”, Applied Biochem. Biotech., 161(1-8), pp. 318-32), for the improvement of animal feed (Cai, et al, (2011), “Acidic β-mannanase from Penicillium pinophilum C1: Cloning, characterization and assessment of its potential for animal feed application”, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 112(6), pp. 551-557) and in the hydrolysis of coffee extract (Nunes et al, (2006), “Characterization of Galactomannan Derivatives in Roasted Coffee Beverages”, J. Agricultural Food Chem., 54(9), pp. 3428-3439).
According to CAZy (www.cazy.org), endo-1,4-β-mannanases have been found in glycoside hydrolyase families 5, 26 and 113. The present invention provides polypeptides of glycoside hydrolyase family 26 having mannanase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides that are highly active in degrading different types of mannan, and therefore could be used in the aforementioned applications.
An uncharacterized protein (uniprot: S8BUK1) from Dactylellina haptotyla is 73.6% identical to the polypeptide of the invention shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
The present invention relates to polypeptides having mannanase activity selected from the group consisting of:
1. An polypeptide having mannanase activity, selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a polypeptide having at least 75% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2;
(b) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under medium stringency conditions with (i) the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or (ii) the full-length complement of (i);
(c) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 75% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1;
(d) a variant of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion at one or more positions; and
(e) a fragment of the polypeptide of (a), (b), (c), or (d) that has mannanase activity.
The present invention also relates to compositions comprising the polypeptide of the present invention and the use of polypeptides of the present invention in degrading mannan, controlling the viscosity of drilling fluids, for washing or cleaning a textile and/or a hard surface; methods for degrading mannan comprising applying a composition comprising the polypeptide of the present invention to the mannan; methods for producing a coffee extract using a polypeptide of the present invention; and processes for degrading a cellulosic material, for producing a fermentation product and for fermenting a cellulosic material.
The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides of the present invention; nucleic acid constructs; recombinant expression vectors; recombinant host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of producing the polypeptides.
Furthermore, the invention relates to whole broth formulations or cell culture compositions comprising the polypeptides.
The present invention also relates to use of the polypeptide according the first aspect for preventing, reducing or removing a biofilm from an item.
SEQ ID NO: 1 is the DNA sequence of the mannanase GH26-PA as isolated from a strain of Preussia aemulans.
SEQ ID NO: 2 is the amino acid sequence of the mannanase GH26-PA as deduced from SEQ ID NO: 1.
Auxiliary Activity 9: The term “Auxiliary Activity 9” or “AA9” means a polypeptide classified as a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (Quinlan et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 208: 15079-15084; Phillips et al., 2011, ACS Chem. Biol. 6: 1399-1406; Lin et al., 2012, Structure 20: 1051-1061). AA9 polypeptides were formerly classified into the glycoside hydrolase Family 61 (GH61) according to Henrissat, 1991, Biochem. J. 280: 309-316, and Henrissat and Bairoch, 1996, Biochem. J. 316: 695-696.
Allelic variant: The term “allelic variant” means any of two or more alternative forms of a gene occupying the same chromosomal locus. Allelic variation arises naturally through mutation, and may result in polymorphism within populations. Gene mutations can be silent (no change in the encoded polypeptide) or may encode polypeptides having altered amino acid sequences. An allelic variant of a polypeptide is a polypeptide encoded by an allelic variant of a gene.
Biofilm: The term “biofilm” means any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other on a surface, such as a textile, dishware or hard surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Biofilms may form on living or non-living surfaces. The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single-cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium.
Bacteria living in a biofilm usually have significantly different properties from free-floating bacteria of the same species, as the dense and protected environment of the film allows them to cooperate and interact in various ways. One effect of this environment is increased resistance to detergents and antibiotics, as the dense extracellular matrix and the outer layer of cells protect the interior of the community.
On laundry biofilm producing bacteria can be found among the following species: Acinetobacter sp., Aeromicrobium sp., Brevundimonas sp., Microbacterium sp., Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Stenotrophomonas sp.
Carbohydrate binding module: The term “carbohydrate binding module” means the region within a carbohydrate-active enzyme that provides carbohydrate-binding activity (Boraston et al., 2004, Biochem. J. 383: 769-781). A majority of known carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) are contiguous amino acid sequences with a discrete fold. The carbohydrate binding module (CBM) is typically found either at the N-terminal or at the C-terminal extremity of an enzyme. Some CBMs are known to have specificity for cellulose.
Catalytic domain: The term “catalytic domain” means the region of an enzyme containing the catalytic machinery of the enzyme.
cDNA: The term “cDNA” means a DNA molecule that can be prepared by reverse transcription from a mature, spliced, mRNA molecule obtained from a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell. cDNA lacks intron sequences that may be present in the corresponding genomic DNA. The initial, primary RNA transcript is a precursor to mRNA that is processed through a series of steps, including splicing, before appearing as mature spliced mRNA.
Cellulolytic enzyme or cellulase: The term “cellulolytic enzyme” or “cellulase” means one or more (e.g., several) enzymes that hydrolyze a cellulosic material. Such enzymes include endoglucanase(s), cellobiohydrolase(s), beta-glucosidase(s), or combinations thereof. The two basic approaches for measuring cellulolytic enzyme activity include: (1) measuring the total cellulolytic enzyme activity, and (2) measuring the individual cellulolytic enzyme activities (endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and beta-glucosidases) as reviewed in Zhang et al., 2006, Biotechnology Advances 24: 452-481. Total cellulolytic enzyme activity can be measured using insoluble substrates, including Whatman No. 1 filter paper, microcrystalline cellulose, bacterial cellulose, algal cellulose, cotton, pretreated lignocellulose, etc. The most common total cellulolytic activity assay is the filter paper assay using Whatman No. 1 filter paper as the substrate. The assay was established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (Ghose, 1987, Pure Appl. Chem. 59: 257-68).
Cellulolytic enzyme activity can be determined by measuring the increase in production/release of sugars during hydrolysis of a cellulosic material by cellulolytic enzyme(s) under the following conditions: 1-50 mg of cellulolytic enzyme protein/g of cellulose in pretreated corn stover (PCS) (or other pretreated cellulosic material) for 3-7 days at a suitable temperature such as 40° C.-80° C., e.g., 50° C., 55° C., 60° C., 65° C., or 70° C., and a suitable pH such as 4-9, e.g., 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, or 7.0, compared to a control hydrolysis without addition of cellulolytic enzyme protein. Typical conditions are 1 ml reactions, washed or unwashed PCS, 5% insoluble solids (dry weight), 50 mM sodium acetate pH 5, 1 mM MnSO4, 50° C., 55° C., or 60° C., 72 hours, sugar analysis by AMINEX® HPX-87H column (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, Calif., USA).
Cellulosic material: The term “cellulosic material” means any material containing cellulose. The predominant polysaccharide in the primary cell wall of biomass is cellulose, the second most abundant is hemicellulose, and the third is pectin. The secondary cell wall, produced after the cell has stopped growing, also contains polysaccharides and is strengthened by polymeric lignin covalently cross-linked to hemicellulose. Cellulose is a homopolymer of anhydrocellobiose and thus a linear beta-(1-4)-D-glucan, while hemicelluloses include a variety of compounds, such as xylans, xyloglucans, arabinoxylans, and mannans in complex branched structures with a spectrum of substituents. Although generally polymorphous, cellulose is found in plant tissue primarily as an insoluble crystalline matrix of parallel glucan chains. Hemicelluloses usually hydrogen bond to cellulose, as well as to other hemicelluloses, which help stabilize the cell wall matrix.
Cellulose is generally found, for example, in the stems, leaves, hulls, husks, and cobs of plants or leaves, branches, and wood of trees. The cellulosic material can be, but is not limited to, agricultural residue, herbaceous material (including energy crops), municipal solid waste, pulp and paper mill residue, waste paper, and wood (including forestry residue) (see, for example, Wiselogel et al., 1995, in Handbook on Bioethanol (Charles E. Wyman, editor), pp. 105-118, Taylor & Francis, Washington D.C.; Wyman, 1994, Bioresource Technology 50: 3-16; Lynd, 1990, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 24/25: 695-719; Mosier et al., 1999, Recent Progress in Bioconversion of Lignocellulosics, in Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, T. Scheper, managing editor, Volume 65, pp. 23-40, Springer-Verlag, New York). It is understood herein that the cellulose may be in the form of lignocellulose, a plant cell wall material containing lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in a mixed matrix. In one aspect, the cellulosic material is any biomass material. In another aspect, the cellulosic material is lignocellulose, which comprises cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin.
In an embodiment, the cellulosic material is agricultural residue, herbaceous material (including energy crops), municipal solid waste, pulp and paper mill residue, waste paper, or wood (including forestry residue).
In another embodiment, the cellulosic material is arundo, bagasse, bamboo, corn cob, corn fiber, corn stover, miscanthus, rice straw, switchgrass, or wheat straw.
In another embodiment, the cellulosic material is aspen, eucalyptus, fir, pine, poplar, spruce, or willow.
In another embodiment, the cellulosic material is algal cellulose, bacterial cellulose, cotton linter, filter paper, microcrystalline cellulose (e.g., AVICEL®), or phosphoric-acid treated cellulose.
In another embodiment, the cellulosic material is an aquatic biomass. As used herein the term “aquatic biomass” means biomass produced in an aquatic environment by a photosynthesis process. The aquatic biomass can be algae, emergent plants, floating-leaf plants, or submerged plants.
The cellulosic material may be used as is or may be subjected to pretreatment, using conventional methods known in the art, as described herein. In a preferred aspect, the cellulosic material is pretreated.
Coding sequence: The term “coding sequence” means a polynucleotide, which directly specifies the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. The boundaries of the coding sequence are generally determined by an open reading frame, which begins with a start codon such as ATG, GTG, or TTG and ends with a stop codon such as TAA, TAG, or TGA. The coding sequence may be a genomic DNA, cDNA, synthetic DNA, or a combination thereof.
Control sequences: The term “control sequences” means nucleic acid sequences necessary for expression of a polynucleotide encoding a mature polypeptide of the present invention. Each control sequence may be native (i.e., from the same gene) or foreign (i.e., from a different gene) to the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide or native or foreign to each other. Such control sequences include, but are not limited to, a leader, polyadenylation sequence, propeptide sequence, promoter, signal peptide sequence, and transcription terminator. At a minimum, the control sequences include a promoter, and transcriptional and translational stop signals. The control sequences may be provided with linkers for the purpose of introducing specific restriction sites facilitating ligation of the control sequences with the coding region of the polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide.
Detergent component: the term “detergent component” is defined herein to mean the types of chemicals which can be used in detergent compositions. Examples of detergent components are surfactants, hydrotropes, builders, co-builders, chelators or chelating agents, bleaching system or bleach components, polymers, fabric hueing agents, fabric conditioners, foam boosters, suds suppressors, dispersants, dye transfer inhibitors, fluorescent whitening agents, perfume, optical brighteners, bactericides, fungicides, soil suspending agents, soil release polymers, anti-redeposition agents, enzyme inhibitors or stabilizers, enzyme activators, antioxidants, and solubilizers. The detergent composition may comprise of one or more of any type of detergent component.
Detergent composition: the term “detergent composition” refers to compositions that find use in the removal of undesired compounds from items to be cleaned, such as textiles, dishes, and hard surfaces. The detergent composition may be used to e.g. clean textiles, dishes and hard surfaces for both household cleaning and industrial cleaning. The terms encompass any materials/compounds selected for the particular type of cleaning composition desired and the form of the product (e.g., liquid, gel, powder, granulate, paste, or spray compositions) and includes, but is not limited to, detergent compositions (e.g., liquid and/or solid laundry detergents and fine fabric detergents; hard surface cleaning formulations, such as for glass, wood, ceramic and metal counter tops and windows; carpet cleaners; oven cleaners; fabric fresheners; fabric softeners; and textile and laundry pre-spotters, as well as dish wash detergents). In addition to containing a GH9 endoglucanase of the invention and/or xanthan lyase of the invention, the detergent formulation may contain one or more additional enzymes (such as amylases, proteases, proteases, peroxidases, cellulases, betaglucanases, xyloglucanases, hemicellulases, xanthanases, xanthan lyases, lipases, acyl transferases, phospholipases, esterases, laccases, catalases, aryl esterases, amylases, alpha-amylases, glucoamylases, cutinases, pectinases, pectate lyases, keratinases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, carrageenases, pullulanases, tannases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidases, chondroitinases, xyloglucanases, xylanases, pectin acetyl esterases, polygalacturonases, rhamnogalacturonases, other endo-beta-mannanases, exo-beta-mannanases, pectin methylesterases, cellobiohydrolases, transglutaminases, and combinations thereof, or any mixture thereof), and/or components such as surfactants, builders, chelators or chelating agents, bleach system or bleach components, polymers, fabric conditioners, foam boosters, suds suppressors, dyes, perfume, tannish inhibitors, optical brighteners, bactericides, fungicides, soil suspending agents, anti corrosion agents, enzyme inhibitors or stabilizers, enzyme activators, transferase(s), hydrolytic enzymes, oxido reductases, bluing agents and fluorescent dyes, antioxidants, and solubilizers.
Dish wash: The term “dish wash” refers to all forms of washing dishes, e.g. by hand or automatic dish wash. Washing dishes includes, but is not limited to, the cleaning of all forms of crockery such as plates, cups, glasses, bowls, all forms of cutlery such as spoons, knives, forks and serving utensils as well as ceramics, plastics, metals, china, glass and acrylics.
Dish washing composition: The term “dish washing composition” refers to all forms of compositions for cleaning hard surfaces. The present invention is not restricted to any particular type of dish wash composition or any particular detergent.
Expression: The term “expression” includes any step involved in the production of a polypeptide including, but not limited to, transcription, post-transcriptional modification, translation, post-translational modification, and secretion.
Expression vector: The term “expression vector” means a linear or circular DNA molecule that comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide and is operably linked to control sequences that provide for its expression.
Fragment: The term “fragment” means a polypeptide or a catalytic or carbohydrate binding module having one or more (e.g., several) amino acids absent from the amino and/or carboxyl terminus of a mature polypeptide or domain; wherein the fragment has mannanase or carbohydrate binding activity. In one aspect, a fragment contains at least 450 amino acid residues, at least 445 amino acid residues or at least 440 amino acid residues wherein the fragment has mannanase activity.
Hard surface cleaning: The term “Hard surface cleaning” is defined herein as cleaning of hard surfaces wherein hard surfaces may include floors, tables, walls, roofs etc. as well as surfaces of hard objects such as cars (car wash) and dishes (dish wash). Dish washing includes but are not limited to cleaning of plates, cups, glasses, bowls, and cutlery such as spoons, knives, forks, serving utensils, ceramics, plastics, metals, china, glass and acrylics.
Hemicellulolytic enzyme or hemicellulase: The term “hemicellulolytic enzyme” or “hemicellulase” means one or more (e.g., several) enzymes that hydrolyze a hemicellulosic material. See, for example, Shallom and Shoham, Current Opinion In Microbiology, 2003, 6(3): 219-228). Hemicellulases are key components in the degradation of plant biomass. Examples of hemicellulases include, but are not limited to, an acetylmannan esterase, an acetylxylan esterase, an arabinanase, an arabinofuranosidase, a coumaric acid esterase, a feruloyl esterase, a galactosidase, a glucuronidase, a glucuronoyl esterase, a mannanase, a mannosidase, a xylanase, and a xylosidase. The substrates for these enzymes, hemicelluloses, are a heterogeneous group of branched and linear polysaccharides that are bound via hydrogen bonds to the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall, crosslinking them into a robust network. Hemicelluloses are also covalently attached to lignin, forming together with cellulose a highly complex structure. The variable structure and organization of hemicelluloses require the concerted action of many enzymes for its complete degradation. The catalytic modules of hemicellulases are either glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds, or carbohydrate esterases (CEs), which hydrolyze ester linkages of acetate or ferulic acid side groups. These catalytic modules, based on homology of their primary sequence, can be assigned into GH and CE families. Some families, with an overall similar fold, can be further grouped into clans, marked alphabetically (e.g., GH-A). A most informative and updated classification of these and other carbohydrate active enzymes is available in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) database. Hemicellulolytic enzyme activities can be measured according to Ghose and Bisaria, 1987, Pure & Appl. Chem. 59: 1739-1752, at a suitable temperature such as 40° C.−80° C., e.g., 50° C., 55° C., 60° C., 65° C., or 70° C., and a suitable pH such as 4-9, e.g., 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, or 7.0.
Host cell: The term “host cell” means any cell type that is susceptible to transformation, transfection, transduction, or the like with a nucleic acid construct or expression vector comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention. The term “host cell” encompasses any progeny of a parent cell that is not identical to the parent cell due to mutations that occur during replication, as well as a recombinant host cell, an isolated host cell (e.g., an isolated recombinant host cell), a heterologous host cell (e.g., a host cell that is not Preussia aemulans host cell).
Isolated: The term “isolated” means a substance in a form or environment that does not occur in nature. Non-limiting examples of isolated substances include (1) any non-naturally occurring substance, (2) any substance including, but not limited to, any enzyme, variant, nucleic acid, protein, peptide or cofactor, that is at least partially removed from one or more or all of the naturally occurring constituents with which it is associated in nature; (3) any substance modified by the hand of man relative to that substance found in nature; or (4) any substance modified by increasing the amount of the substance relative to other components with which it is naturally associated (e.g., recombinant production in a host cell; multiple copies of a gene encoding the substance; and use of a stronger promoter than the promoter naturally associated with the gene encoding the substance). A fermentation broth produced by culturing a recombinant host cell expressing the polynucleotide of the invention will comprise the polypeptide of the invention in an isolated form.
Laundering: The term “laundering” relates to both household laundering and industrial laundering and means the process of treating textiles with a solution containing a cleaning or detergent composition of the present invention. The laundering process can for example be carried out using e.g. a household or an industrial washing machine or can be carried out by hand.
Mannanase: The term “mannanase” means a polypeptide having mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.78) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-β-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans and glucomannans. Alternative names of mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase are 1,4-β-D-mannan mannanohydrolase; endo-1,4-β-mannanase; endo-β-1,4-mannase; β-mannanase B; β-1,4-mannan 4-mannanohydrolase; endo-β-mannanase; and 1-D-mannanase. For purposes of the present invention, mannanase activity may be determined using the Reducing End Assay as described in the experimental section. In one aspect, the polypeptides of the present invention have at least 20%, e.g., at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 100% of the mannanase activity of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
Mature polypeptide: The term “mature polypeptide” means a polypeptide in its final form following translation and any post-translational modifications, such as N-terminal processing, C-terminal truncation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, etc. In one aspect, the mature polypeptide is amino acids 1 to 452 of SEQ ID NO: 2. The amino acids −18 to 1 of SEQ ID NO: 2 are a signal peptide.
It is known in the art that a host cell may produce a mixture of two of more different mature polypeptides (i.e., with a different C-terminal and/or N-terminal amino acid) expressed by the same polynucleotide. It is also known in the art that different host cells process polypeptides differently, and thus, one host cell expressing a polynucleotide may produce a different mature polypeptide (e.g., having a different C-terminal and/or N-terminal amino acid) as compared to another host cell expressing the same polynucleotide.
Mature polypeptide coding sequence: The term “mature polypeptide coding sequence” means a polynucleotide that encodes a mature polypeptide having mannanase activity. In one aspect, the mature polypeptide coding sequence is nucleotides 55 to 1410 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The nucleotides 1 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 1 encode a signal peptide.
Malodor: The term“malodor” is meant an odor which is not desired on clean items. The cleaned item should smell fresh and clean without malodors adhered to the item. One example of malodor is compounds with an unpleasant smell, which may be produced by microorganisms. Another example is sweat or body odor adheringed to an item which has been in contact with humans or animals. Another example of malodor can be the smell from spices, for example curry or other exotic spices adheringed to an item such as a piece of textile. One way of measuring the ability of an item to adhere malodor is by using the Malodor Assay.
Nucleic acid construct: The term “nucleic acid construct” means a nucleic acid molecule, either single- or double-stranded, which is isolated from a naturally occurring gene or is modified to contain segments of nucleic acids in a manner that would not otherwise exist in nature or which is synthetic, which comprises one or more control sequences.
Operably linked: The term “operably linked” means a configuration in which a control sequence is placed at an appropriate position relative to the coding sequence of a polynucleotide such that the control sequence directs expression of the coding sequence.
Pretreated corn stover: The term “Pretreated Corn Stover” or “PCS” means a cellulosic material derived from corn stover by treatment with heat and dilute sulfuric acid, alkaline pretreatment, neutral pretreatment, or any pretreatment known in the art.
Sequence identity: The relatedness between two amino acid sequences or between two nucleotide sequences is described by the parameter “sequence identity”. For purposes of the present invention, the sequence identity between two amino acid sequences is determined using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (Needleman and Wunsch, 1970, J. Mol. Biol. 48: 443-453) as implemented in the Needle program of the EMBOSS package (EMBOSS: The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite, Rice et al., 2000, Trends Genet. 16: 276-277), preferably version 5.0.0 or later. The parameters used are gap open penalty of 10, gap extension penalty of 0.5, and the EBLOSUM62 (EMBOSS version of BLOSUM62) substitution matrix. The output of Needle labeled “longest identity” (obtained using the −nobrief option) is used as the percent identity and is calculated as follows:
(Identical Residues×100)/(Length of Alignment−Total Number of Gaps in Alignment)
For purposes of the present invention, the sequence identity between two deoxyribonucleotide sequences is determined using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (Needleman and Wunsch, 1970, supra) as implemented in the Needle program of the EMBOSS package (EMBOSS: The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite, Rice et al., 2000, supra), preferably version 5.0.0 or later. The parameters used are gap open penalty of 10, gap extension penalty of 0.5, and the EDNAFULL (EMBOSS version of NCBI NUC4.4) substitution matrix. The output of Needle labeled “longest identity” (obtained using the −nobrief option) is used as the percent identity and is calculated as follows:
(Identical Deoxyribonucleotides×100)/(Length of Alignment−Total Number of Gaps in Alignment)
Stringency conditions: The different stringency conditions are defined as follows.
The term “very low stringency conditions” means for probes of at least 100 nucleotides in length, prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 25% formamide, following standard Southern blotting procedures for 12 to 24 hours. The carrier material is finally washed three times each for 15 minutes using 1.6×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 60° C.
The term “low stringency conditions” means for probes of at least 100 nucleotides in length, prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 25% formamide, following standard Southern blotting procedures for 12 to 24 hours. The carrier material is finally washed three times each for 15 minutes using 0.8×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 60° C.
The term “medium stringency conditions” means for probes of at least 100 nucleotides in length, prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 35% formamide, following standard Southern blotting procedures for 12 to 24 hours. The carrier material is finally washed three times each for 15 minutes using 0.8×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 65° C.
The term “medium-high stringency conditions” means for probes of at least 100 nucleotides in length, prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 35% formamide, following standard Southern blotting procedures for 12 to 24 hours. The carrier material is finally washed three times each for 15 minutes using 0.4×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 65° C.
The term “high stringency conditions” means for probes of at least 100 nucleotides in length, prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 50% formamide, following standard Southern blotting procedures for 12 to 24 hours. The carrier material is finally washed three times each for 15 minutes using 0.2×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 65° C.
The term “very high stringency conditions” means for probes of at least 100 nucleotides in length, prehybridization and hybridization at 42° C. in 5×SSPE, 0.3% SDS, 200 micrograms/ml sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA, and 50% formamide, following standard Southern blotting procedures for 12 to 24 hours. The carrier material is finally washed three times each for 15 minutes using 0.2×SSC, 0.2% SDS at 70° C.
Subsequence: The term “subsequence” means a polynucleotide having one or more (e.g., several) nucleotides absent from the 5′ and/or 3′ end of a mature polypeptide coding sequence; wherein the subsequence encodes a fragment having mannanase activity. In one aspect, a subsequence contains at least 1350 nucleotides, at least 1335 or at least 1320 nucleotides.
Textile: The term “textile” means any textile material including yarns, yarn intermediates, fibers, non-woven materials, natural materials, synthetic materials, and any other textile material, fabrics made of these materials and products made from fabrics (e.g., garments and other articles). The textile or fabric may be in the form of knits, wovens, denims, non-wovens, felts, yarns, and towelling. The textile may be cellulose based such as natural cellulosics, including cotton, flax/linen, jute, ramie, sisal or coir or manmade cellulosics (e.g. originating from wood pulp) including viscose/rayon, ramie, cellulose acetate fibers (tricell), lyocell or blends thereof. The textile or fabric may also be non-cellulose based such as natural polyamides including wool, camel, cashmere, mohair, rabit and silk or synthetic polymer such as nylon, aramid, polyester, acrylic, polypropylen and spandex/elastane, or blends thereof as well as blend of cellulose based and non-cellulose based fibers. Examples of blends are blends of cotton and/or rayon/viscose with one or more companion material such as wool, synthetic fibers (e.g. polyamide fibers, acrylic fibers, polyester fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyurea fibers, aramid fibers), and cellulose-containing fibers (e.g. rayon/viscose, ramie, flax/linen, jute, cellulose acetate fibers, lyocell). Fabric may be conventional washable laundry, for example stained household laundry. When the term fabric or garment is used it is intended to include the broader term textiles as well.
Variant: The term “variant” means a polypeptide having mannanase activity comprising an alteration, i.e., a substitution, insertion, and/or deletion of one or more (several) amino acid residues at one or more (several) positions. A substitution means a replacement of an amino acid occupying a position with a different amino acid; a deletion means removal of an amino acid occupying a position; and an insertion means adding 1-3 amino acids adjacent to an amino acid occupying a position. The variants of the present invention have at least 20%, e.g., at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 100% of the mannanase activity of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2, or the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
The present invention relates to polypeptides having a sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 of at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, which have mannanase activity.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 75% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 80% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 81% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 82% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 83% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 84% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 85% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 86% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 87% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 88% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 89% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 90% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 91% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 92% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 93% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 94% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 95% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 96% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 97% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 98% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptides have at least 99% identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one aspect, the polypeptides differ by no more than thirty amino acids, e.g., by twentyfive amino acids, by twenty amino acids, by fifteen amino acids, by twelve amino acids, by ten amino acids, by nine amino acids, by eight amino acids, by seven amino acids, by six amino acids, by five amino acids, by four amino acids, by three amino acids, by two amino acids, and by one amino acid from the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In an embodiment, the polypeptide has been isolated. A polypeptide of the present invention preferably comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or an allelic variant thereof; or is a fragment thereof having mannanase activity. In another aspect, the polypeptide comprises or consists of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2. In another aspect, the polypeptide comprises or consists of amino acids 1 to 452 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a polypeptide having mannanase activity encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under very low stringency conditions, low stringency conditions, medium stringency conditions, medium-high stringency conditions, high stringency conditions, or very high stringency conditions with (i) the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, (ii) the cDNA sequence thereof, or (iii) the full-length complement of (i) or (ii) (Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2d edition, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.). In an embodiment, the polypeptide has been isolated.
The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a subsequence thereof, as well as the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment thereof, may be used to design nucleic acid probes to identify and clone DNA encoding polypeptides having mannanase activity from strains of different genera or species according to methods well known in the art. In particular, such probes can be used for hybridization with the genomic DNA or cDNA of a cell of interest, following standard Southern blotting procedures, in order to identify and isolate the corresponding gene therein. Such probes can be considerably shorter than the entire sequence, but should be at least 15, e.g., at least 25, at least 35, or at least 70 nucleotides in length. Preferably, the nucleic acid probe is at least 100 nucleotides in length, e.g., at least 200 nucleotides, at least 300 nucleotides, at least 400 nucleotides, at least 500 nucleotides, at least 600 nucleotides, at least 700 nucleotides, at least 800 nucleotides, or at least 900 nucleotides in length. Both DNA and RNA probes can be used. The probes are typically labeled for detecting the corresponding gene (for example, with 32P, 3H, 35S, biotin, or avidin). Such probes are encompassed by the present invention.
A genomic DNA or cDNA library prepared from such other strains may be screened for DNA that hybridizes with the probes described above and encodes a polypeptide having mannanase activity. Genomic or other DNA from such other strains may be separated by agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or other separation techniques. DNA from the libraries or the separated DNA may be transferred to and immobilized on nitrocellulose or other suitable carrier material. In order to identify a clone or DNA that hybridizes with SEQ ID NO: 1 or a subsequence thereof, the carrier material is used in a Southern blot.
For purposes of the present invention, hybridization indicates that the polynucleotide hybridizes to a labeled nucleic acid probe corresponding to (i) SEQ ID NO: 1; (ii) the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; (iii) the cDNA sequence thereof, (iv) the full-length complement thereof; or (v) a subsequence thereof. Molecules to which the nucleic acid probe hybridizes under these conditions can be detected using, for example, X-ray film or any other detection means known in the art.
In one aspect, the nucleic acid probe is nucleotides 55 to 1410 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the cDNA sequence thereof. In another aspect, the nucleic acid probe is a polynucleotide that encodes the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; the mature polypeptide thereof; or a fragment thereof.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a polypeptide having mannanase activity encoded by a polynucleotide having a sequence identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 of at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100%. In a further embodiment, the polypeptide has been isolated.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to variants of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion at one or more (e.g., several) positions. In an embodiment, the number of amino acid substitutions, deletions and/or insertions introduced into the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 is up to 10, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. The amino acid changes may be of a minor nature, that is conservative amino acid substitutions or insertions that do not significantly affect the folding and/or activity of the protein; small deletions, typically of 1-30 amino acids; small amino- or carboxyl-terminal extensions, such as an amino-terminal methionine residue; a small linker peptide of up to 20-25 residues; or a small extension that facilitates purification by changing net charge or another function, such as a poly-histidine tract, an antigenic epitope or a binding domain.
Examples of conservative substitutions are within the groups of basic amino acids (arginine, lysine and histidine), acidic amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid), polar amino acids (glutamine and asparagine), hydrophobic amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine), aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine), and small amino acids (glycine, alanine, serine, threonine and methionine). Amino acid substitutions that do not generally alter specific activity are known in the art and are described, for example, by H. Neurath and R. L. Hill, 1979, In, The Proteins, Academic Press, New York. Common substitutions are Ala/Ser, Val/Ile, Asp/Glu, Thr/Ser, Ala/Gly, Ala/Thr, Ser/Asn, Ala/Val, Ser/Gly, Tyr/Phe, Ala/Pro, Lys/Arg, Asp/Asn, Leu/Ile, Leu/Val, Ala/Glu, and Asp/Gly.
Alternatively, the amino acid changes are of such a nature that the physico-chemical properties of the polypeptides are altered. For example, amino acid changes may improve the thermal stability of the polypeptide, alter the substrate specificity, change the pH optimum, and the like.
Essential amino acids in a polypeptide can be identified according to procedures known in the art, such as site-directed mutagenesis or alanine-scanning mutagenesis (Cunningham and Wells, 1989, Science 244: 1081-1085). In the latter technique, single alanine mutations are introduced at every residue in the molecule, and the resultant mutant molecules are tested for mannanase activity to identify amino acid residues that are critical to the activity of the molecule. See also, Hilton et al., 1996, J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4699-4708. The active site of the enzyme or other biological interaction can also be determined by physical analysis of structure, as determined by such techniques as nuclear magnetic resonance, crystallography, electron diffraction, or photoaffinity labeling, in conjunction with mutation of putative contact site amino acids. See, for example, de Vos et al., 1992, Science 255: 306-312; Smith et al., 1992, J. Mol. Biol. 224: 899-904; Wlodaver et al., 1992, FEBS Lett. 309: 59-64. The identity of essential amino acids can also be inferred from an alignment with a related polypeptide.
Single or multiple amino acid substitutions, deletions, and/or insertions can be made and tested using known methods of mutagenesis, recombination, and/or shuffling, followed by a relevant screening procedure, such as those disclosed by Reidhaar-Olson and Sauer, 1988, Science 241: 53-57; Bowie and Sauer, 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 2152-2156; WO 95/17413; or WO 95/22625. Other methods that can be used include error-prone PCR, phage display (e.g., Lowman et al., 1991, Biochemistry 30: 10832-10837; U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,409; WO 92/06204), and region-directed mutagenesis (Derbyshire et al., 1986, Gene 46: 145; Ner et al., 1988, DNA 7: 127).
Mutagenesis/shuffling methods can be combined with high-throughput, automated screening methods to detect activity of cloned, mutagenized polypeptides expressed by host cells (Ness et al., 1999, Nature Biotechnology 17: 893-896). Mutagenized DNA molecules that encode active polypeptides can be recovered from the host cells and rapidly sequenced using standard methods in the art. These methods allow the rapid determination of the importance of individual amino acid residues in a polypeptide.
The polypeptide may be a hybrid polypeptide in which a region of one polypeptide is fused at the N-terminus or the C-terminus of a region of another polypeptide.
The polypeptide may be a fusion polypeptide or cleavable fusion polypeptide in which another polypeptide is fused at the N-terminus or the C-terminus of the polypeptide of the present invention. A fusion polypeptide is produced by fusing a polynucleotide encoding another polypeptide to a polynucleotide of the present invention. Techniques for producing fusion polypeptides are known in the art, and include ligating the coding sequences encoding the polypeptides so that they are in frame and that expression of the fusion polypeptide is under control of the same promoter(s) and terminator. Fusion polypeptides may also be constructed using intein technology in which fusion polypeptides are created post-translationally (Cooper et al., 1993, EMBO J. 12: 2575-2583; Dawson et al., 1994, Science 266: 776-779).
A fusion polypeptide can further comprise a cleavage site between the two polypeptides. Upon secretion of the fusion protein, the site is cleaved releasing the two polypeptides. Examples of cleavage sites include, but are not limited to, the sites disclosed in Martin et al., 2003, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 3: 568-576; Svetina et al., 2000, J. Biotechnol. 76: 245-251; Rasmussen-Wilson et al., 1997, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 3488-3493; Ward et al., 1995, Biotechnology 13: 498-503; and Contreras et al., 1991, Biotechnology 9: 378-381; Eaton et al., 1986, Biochemistry 25: 505-512; Collins-Racie et al., 1995, Biotechnology 13: 982-987; Carter et al., 1989, Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 6: 240-248; and Stevens, 2003, Drug Discovery World 4: 35-48.
A polypeptide having mannanase activity of the present invention may be obtained from microorganisms of any genus. For purposes of the present invention, the term “obtained from” as used herein in connection with a given source shall mean that the polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide is produced by the source or by a strain in which the polynucleotide from the source has been inserted. In one aspect, the polypeptide obtained from a given source is secreted extracellularly.
The polypeptide may be a fungal polypeptide. For example, the polypeptide may be a polypeptide having mannanase activity from within a phylum such as Ascomycota.
In one aspect, the polypeptide is a mannanase from a fungus of the class Dothideomycetes, such as from the order Pleosporales, or from the family Sporormiaceae, or from the genus Preussia, or from the species Preussia aemulans.
It will be understood that for the aforementioned species, the invention encompasses both the perfect and imperfect states, and other taxonomic equivalents, e.g., anamorphs, regardless of the species name by which they are known. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize the identity of appropriate equivalents.
Strains of these species are readily accessible to the public in a number of culture collections, such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ), Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), and Agricultural Research Service Patent Culture Collection, Northern Regional Research Center (NRRL).
The polypeptide may be identified and obtained from other sources including microorganisms isolated from nature (e.g., soil, composts, water, etc.) or DNA samples obtained directly from natural materials (e.g., soil, composts, water, etc.) using the above-mentioned probes. Techniques for isolating microorganisms and DNA directly from natural habitats are well known in the art. A polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide may then be obtained by similarly screening a genomic DNA or cDNA library of another microorganism or mixed DNA sample. Once a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide has been detected with the probe(s), the polynucleotide can be isolated or cloned by utilizing techniques that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., 1989, supra).
In one embodiment, the present invention also relates to catalytic domains having a sequence identity to amino acids 19 to 471 of SEQ ID NO: 2 of at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% In one aspect, the catalytic domains comprise amino acid sequences that differ by up to 10 amino acids, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, from amino acids 19 to 471 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
The catalytic domain preferably comprises or consists of amino acids 19 to 471 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or an allelic variant thereof; or is a fragment thereof having mannanase activity.
In another embodiment, the present invention also relates to catalytic domains encoded by polynucleotides that hybridize under very low stringency conditions, low stringency conditions, medium stringency conditions, medium-high stringency conditions, high stringency conditions, or very high stringency conditions (as defined above) with (i) the nucleotides 55 to 1410 of SEQ ID NO: 1, (ii) the cDNA sequence thereof, or (iii) the full-length complement of (i) or (ii) (Sambrook et al., 1989, supra).
In another embodiment, the present invention also relates to catalytic domain variants of amino acids 19 to 471 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion at one or more (e.g., several) positions. In one aspect, the number of amino acid substitutions, deletions and/or insertions introduced into the sequence of amino acids 19 to 471 of SEQ ID NO: 2 is up to 10, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10.
The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide, a catalytic domain, or carbohydrate binding module of the present invention, as described herein. In an embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide, catalytic domain, or carbohydrate binding module of the present invention has been isolated.
The techniques used to isolate or clone a polynucleotide are known in the art and include isolation from genomic DNA or cDNA, or a combination thereof. The cloning of the polynucleotides from genomic DNA can be effected, e.g., by using the well-known polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antibody screening of expression libraries to detect cloned DNA fragments with shared structural features. See, e.g., Innis et al., 1990, PCR: A Guide to Methods and Application, Academic Press, New York. Other nucleic acid amplification procedures such as ligase chain reaction (LCR), ligation activated transcription (LAT) and polynucleotide-based amplification (NASBA) may be used. The polynucleotides may be cloned from a strain of Ascobolus or a related organism and thus, for example, may be an allelic or species variant of the polypeptide encoding region of the polynucleotide. Alternatively, the polynucleotides may be cloned from a strain of Chaetomium or a related organism and thus, for example, may be an allelic or species variant of the polypeptide encoding region of the polynucleotide.
Modification of a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the present invention may be necessary for synthesizing polypeptides substantially similar to the polypeptide. The term “substantially similar” to the polypeptide refers to non-naturally occurring forms of the polypeptide. These polypeptides may differ in some engineered way from the polypeptide isolated from its native source, e.g., variants that differ in specific activity, thermostability, pH optimum, or the like. The variants may be constructed on the basis of the polynucleotide presented as the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the cDNA sequence thereof, e.g., a subsequence thereof, and/or by introduction of nucleotide substitutions that do not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide, but which correspond to the codon usage of the host organism intended for production of the enzyme, or by introduction of nucleotide substitutions that may give rise to a different amino acid sequence. For a general description of nucleotide substitution, see, e.g., Ford et al., 1991, Protein Expression and Purification 2: 95-107.
The present invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention operably linked to one or more control sequences that direct the expression of the coding sequence in a suitable host cell under conditions compatible with the control sequences.
The polynucleotide may be manipulated in a variety of ways to provide for expression of the polypeptide. Manipulation of the polynucleotide prior to its insertion into a vector may be desirable or necessary depending on the expression vector. The techniques for modifying polynucleotides utilizing recombinant DNA methods are well known in the art.
The control sequence may be a promoter, a polynucleotide that is recognized by a host cell for expression of a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the present invention. The promoter contains transcriptional control sequences that mediate the expression of the polypeptide. The promoter may be any polynucleotide that shows transcriptional activity in the host cell including mutant, truncated, and hybrid promoters, and may be obtained from genes encoding extracellular or intracellular polypeptides either homologous or heterologous to the host cell.
Examples of suitable promoters for directing transcription of the nucleic acid constructs of the present invention in a bacterial host cell are the promoters obtained from the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene (amyQ), Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene (amyL), Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase gene (penP), Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase gene (amyM), Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene (sacB), Bacillus subtilis xylA and xylB genes, Bacillus thuringiensis crylllA gene (Agaisse and Lereclus, 1994, Molecular Microbiology 13: 97-107), E. coli lac operon, E. coli trc promoter (Egon et al., 1988, Gene 69: 301-315), Streptomyces coelicolor agarase gene (dagA), and prokaryotic beta-lactamase gene (Villa-Kamaroff et al., 1978, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75: 3727-3731), as well as the tac promoter (DeBoer et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 21-25). Further promoters are described in “Useful proteins from recombinant bacteria” in Gilbert et al., 1980, Scientific American 242: 74-94; and in Sambrook et al., 1989, supra. Examples of tandem promoters are disclosed in WO 99/43835.
Examples of suitable promoters for directing transcription of the nucleic acid constructs of the present invention in a filamentous fungal host cell are promoters obtained from the genes for Aspergillus nidulans acetamidase, Aspergillus niger neutral alpha-amylase, Aspergillus niger acid stable alpha-amylase, Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase (glaA), Aspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase, Aspergillus oryzae alkaline protease, Aspergillus oryzae triose phosphate isomerase, Fusarium oxysporum trypsin-like protease (WO 96/00787), Fusarium venenatum amyloglucosidase (WO 00/56900), Fusarium venenatum Daria (WO 00/56900), Fusarium venenatum Quinn (WO 00/56900), Rhizomucor miehei lipase, Rhizomucor miehei aspartic proteinase, Trichoderma reesei beta-glucosidase, Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I, Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase II, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase III, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase V, Trichoderma reesei xylanase I, Trichoderma reesei xylanase II, Trichoderma reesei xylanase III, Trichoderma reesei beta-xylosidase, and Trichoderma reesei translation elongation factor, as well as the NA2-tpi promoter (a modified promoter from an Aspergillus neutral alpha-amylase gene in which the untranslated leader has been replaced by an untranslated leader from an Aspergillus triose phosphate isomerase gene; non-limiting examples include modified promoters from an Aspergillus niger neutral alpha-amylase gene in which the untranslated leader has been replaced by an untranslated leader from an Aspergillus nidulans or Aspergillus oryzae triose phosphate isomerase gene); and mutant, truncated, and hybrid promoters thereof. Other promoters are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,011,147.
In a yeast host, useful promoters are obtained from the genes for Saccharomyces cerevisiae enolase (ENO-1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactokinase (GAL1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ADH1, ADH2/GAP), Saccharomyces cerevisiae triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein (CUP1), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Other useful promoters for yeast host cells are described by Romanos et al., 1992, Yeast 8: 423-488.
The control sequence may also be a transcription terminator, which is recognized by a host cell to terminate transcription. The terminator is operably linked to the 3′-terminus of the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide. Any terminator that is functional in the host cell may be used in the present invention.
Preferred terminators for bacterial host cells are obtained from the genes for Bacillus clausii alkaline protease (aprH), Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (amyL), and Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA (rrnB).
Preferred terminators for filamentous fungal host cells are obtained from the genes for Aspergillus nidulans acetamidase, Aspergillus nidulans anthranilate synthase, Aspergillus niger glucoamylase, Aspergillus niger alpha-glucosidase, Aspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase, Fusarium oxysporum trypsin-like protease, Trichoderma reesei beta-glucosidase, Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I, Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase II, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase III, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase V, Trichoderma reesei xylanase I, Trichoderma reesei xylanase II, Trichoderma reesei xylanase III, Trichoderma reesei beta-xylosidase, and Trichoderma reesei translation elongation factor.
Preferred terminators for yeast host cells are obtained from the genes for Saccharomyces cerevisiae enolase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome C (CYC1), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Other useful terminators for yeast host cells are described by Romanos et al., 1992, supra.
The control sequence may also be an mRNA stabilizer region downstream of a promoter and upstream of the coding sequence of a gene which increases expression of the gene.
Examples of suitable mRNA stabilizer regions are obtained from a Bacillus thuringiensis crylllA gene (WO 94/25612) and a Bacillus subtilis SP82 gene (Hue et al., 1995, Journal of Bacteriology 177: 3465-3471).
The control sequence may also be a leader, a nontranslated region of an mRNA that is important for translation by the host cell. The leader is operably linked to the 5′-terminus of the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide. Any leader that is functional in the host cell may be used.
Preferred leaders for filamentous fungal host cells are obtained from the genes for Aspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase and Aspergillus nidulans triose phosphate isomerase.
Suitable leaders for yeast host cells are obtained from the genes for Saccharomyces cerevisiae enolase (ENO-1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ADH2/GAP).
The control sequence may also be a polyadenylation sequence, a sequence operably linked to the 3′-terminus of the polynucleotide and, when transcribed, is recognized by the host cell as a signal to add polyadenosine residues to transcribed mRNA. Any polyadenylation sequence that is functional in the host cell may be used.
Preferred polyadenylation sequences for filamentous fungal host cells are obtained from the genes for Aspergillus nidulans anthranilate synthase, Aspergillus niger glucoamylase, Aspergillus niger alpha-glucosidase Aspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase, and Fusarium oxysporum trypsin-like protease.
Useful polyadenylation sequences for yeast host cells are described by Guo and Sherman, 1995, Mol. Cellular Biol. 15: 5983-5990.
The control sequence may also be a signal peptide coding region that encodes a signal peptide linked to the N-terminus of a polypeptide and directs the polypeptide into the cell's secretory pathway. The 5′-end of the coding sequence of the polynucleotide may inherently contain a signal peptide coding sequence naturally linked in translation reading frame with the segment of the coding sequence that encodes the polypeptide. Alternatively, the 5′-end of the coding sequence may contain a signal peptide coding sequence that is foreign to the coding sequence. A foreign signal peptide coding sequence may be required where the coding sequence does not naturally contain a signal peptide coding sequence. Alternatively, a foreign signal peptide coding sequence may simply replace the natural signal peptide coding sequence in order to enhance secretion of the polypeptide. However, any signal peptide coding sequence that directs the expressed polypeptide into the secretory pathway of a host cell may be used.
Effective signal peptide coding sequences for bacterial host cells are the signal peptide coding sequences obtained from the genes for Bacillus NCIB 11837 maltogenic amylase, Bacillus licheniformis subtilisin, Bacillus licheniformis beta-lactamase, Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase, Bacillus stearothermophilus neutral proteases (nprT, nprS, nprM), and Bacillus subtilis prsA. Further signal peptides are described by Simonen and Palva, 1993, Microbiological Reviews 57: 109-137.
Effective signal peptide coding sequences for filamentous fungal host cells are the signal peptide coding sequences obtained from the genes for Aspergillus niger neutral amylase, Aspergillus niger glucoamylase, Aspergillus oryzae TAKA amylase, Humicola insolens cellulase, Humicola insolens endoglucanase V, Humicola lanuginosa lipase, and Rhizomucor miehei aspartic proteinase.
Useful signal peptides for yeast host cells are obtained from the genes for Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor and Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase. Other useful signal peptide coding sequences are described by Romanos et al., 1992, supra.
The control sequence may also be a propeptide coding sequence that encodes a propeptide positioned at the N-terminus of a polypeptide. The resultant polypeptide is known as a proenzyme or propolypeptide (or a zymogen in some cases). A propolypeptide is generally inactive and can be converted to an active polypeptide by catalytic or autocatalytic cleavage of the propeptide from the propolypeptide. The propeptide coding sequence may be obtained from the genes for Bacillus subtilis alkaline protease (aprE), Bacillus subtilis neutral protease (nprT), Myceliophthora thermophila laccase (WO 95/33836), Rhizomucor miehei aspartic proteinase, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor.
Where both signal peptide and propeptide sequences are present, the propeptide sequence is positioned next to the N-terminus of a polypeptide and the signal peptide sequence is positioned next to the N-terminus of the propeptide sequence.
It may also be desirable to add regulatory sequences that regulate expression of the polypeptide relative to the growth of the host cell. Examples of regulatory sequences are those that cause expression of the gene to be turned on or off in response to a chemical or physical stimulus, including the presence of a regulatory compound. Regulatory sequences in prokaryotic systems include the lac, tac, and trp operator systems. In yeast, the ADH2 system or GAL1 system may be used. In filamentous fungi, the Aspergillus niger glucoamylase promoter, Aspergillus oryzae TAKA alpha-amylase promoter, and Aspergillus oryzae glucoamylase promoter, Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I promoter, and Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II promoter may be used. Other examples of regulatory sequences are those that allow for gene amplification. In eukaryotic systems, these regulatory sequences include the dihydrofolate reductase gene that is amplified in the presence of methotrexate, and the metallothionein genes that are amplified with heavy metals. In these cases, the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide would be operably linked to the regulatory sequence.
The present invention also relates to recombinant expression vectors comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention, a promoter, and transcriptional and translational stop signals. The various nucleotide and control sequences may be joined together to produce a recombinant expression vector that may include one or more convenient restriction sites to allow for insertion or substitution of the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide at such sites. Alternatively, the polynucleotide may be expressed by inserting the polynucleotide or a nucleic acid construct comprising the polynucleotide into an appropriate vector for expression. In creating the expression vector, the coding sequence is located in the vector so that the coding sequence is operably linked with the appropriate control sequences for expression.
The recombinant expression vector may be any vector (e.g., a plasmid or virus) that can be conveniently subjected to recombinant DNA procedures and can bring about expression of the polynucleotide. The choice of the vector will typically depend on the compatibility of the vector with the host cell into which the vector is to be introduced. The vector may be a linear or closed circular plasmid.
The vector may be an autonomously replicating vector, i.e., a vector that exists as an extrachromosomal entity, the replication of which is independent of chromosomal replication, e.g., a plasmid, an extrachromosomal element, a minichromosome, or an artificial chromosome. The vector may contain any means for assuring self-replication. Alternatively, the vector may be one that, when introduced into the host cell, is integrated into the genome and replicated together with the chromosome(s) into which it has been integrated. Furthermore, a single vector or plasmid or two or more vectors or plasmids that together contain the total DNA to be introduced into the genome of the host cell, or a transposon, may be used.
The vector preferably contains one or more selectable markers that permit easy selection of transformed, transfected, transduced, or the like cells. A selectable marker is a gene the product of which provides for biocide or viral resistance, resistance to heavy metals, prototrophy to auxotrophs, and the like.
Examples of bacterial selectable markers are Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus subtilis dal genes, or markers that confer antibiotic resistance such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, spectinomycin, or tetracycline resistance. Suitable markers for yeast host cells include, but are not limited to, ADE2, HIS3, LEU2, LYS2, MET3, TRP1, and URA3. Selectable markers for use in a filamentous fungal host cell include, but are not limited to, adeA (phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase), adeB (phosphoribosyl-aminoimidazole synthase), amdS (acetamidase), argB (ornithine carbamoyltransferase), bar (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase), hph (hygromycin phosphotransferase), niaD (nitrate reductase), pyrG (orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase), sC (sulfate adenyltransferase), and trpC (anthranilate synthase), as well as equivalents thereof. Preferred for use in an Aspergillus cell are Aspergillus nidulans or Aspergillus oryzae amdS and pyrG genes and a Streptomyces hygroscopicus bar gene. Preferred for use in a Trichoderma cell are adeA, adeB, amdS, hph, and pyrG genes.
The selectable marker may be a dual selectable marker system as described in WO 2010/039889. In one aspect, the dual selectable marker is an hph-tk dual selectable marker system.
The vector preferably contains an element(s) that permits integration of the vector into the host cell's genome or autonomous replication of the vector in the cell independent of the genome.
For integration into the host cell genome, the vector may rely on the polynucleotide's sequence encoding the polypeptide or any other element of the vector for integration into the genome by homologous or non-homologous recombination. Alternatively, the vector may contain additional polynucleotides for directing integration by homologous recombination into the genome of the host cell at a precise location(s) in the chromosome(s). To increase the likelihood of integration at a precise location, the integrational elements should contain a sufficient number of nucleic acids, such as 100 to 10,000 base pairs, 400 to 10,000 base pairs, and 800 to 10,000 base pairs, which have a high degree of sequence identity to the corresponding target sequence to enhance the probability of homologous recombination. The integrational elements may be any sequence that is homologous with the target sequence in the genome of the host cell. Furthermore, the integrational elements may be non-encoding or encoding polynucleotides. On the other hand, the vector may be integrated into the genome of the host cell by non-homologous recombination.
For autonomous replication, the vector may further comprise an origin of replication enabling the vector to replicate autonomously in the host cell in question. The origin of replication may be any plasmid replicator mediating autonomous replication that functions in a cell. The term “origin of replication” or “plasmid replicator” means a polynucleotide that enables a plasmid or vector to replicate in vivo.
Examples of bacterial origins of replication are the origins of replication of plasmids pBR322, pUC19, pACYC177, and pACYC184 permitting replication in E. coli, and pUB110, pE194, pTA1060, and pAMIR1 permitting replication in Bacillus.
Examples of origins of replication for use in a yeast host cell are the 2 micron origin of replication, ARS1, ARS4, the combination of ARS1 and CEN3, and the combination of ARS4 and CEN6.
Examples of origins of replication useful in a filamentous fungal cell are AMA1 and ANS1 (Gems et al., 1991, Gene 98: 61-67; Cullen et al., 1987, Nucleic Acids Res. 15: 9163-9175; WO 00/24883). Isolation of the AMA1 gene and construction of plasmids or vectors comprising the gene can be accomplished according to the methods disclosed in WO 00/24883.
More than one copy of a polynucleotide of the present invention may be inserted into a host cell to increase production of a polypeptide. An increase in the copy number of the polynucleotide can be obtained by integrating at least one additional copy of the sequence into the host cell genome or by including an amplifiable selectable marker gene with the polynucleotide where cells containing amplified copies of the selectable marker gene, and thereby additional copies of the polynucleotide, can be selected for by cultivating the cells in the presence of the appropriate selectable agent.
The procedures used to ligate the elements described above to construct the recombinant expression vectors of the present invention are well known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., 1989, supra).
The present invention also relates to recombinant host cells, comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention operably linked to one or more control sequences that direct the production of a polypeptide of the present invention. A construct or vector comprising a polynucleotide is introduced into a host cell so that the construct or vector is maintained as a chromosomal integrant or as a self-replicating extra-chromosomal vector as described earlier. The term “host cell” encompasses any progeny of a parent cell that is not identical to the parent cell due to mutations that occur during replication. The choice of a host cell will to a large extent depend upon the gene encoding the polypeptide and its source.
The host cell may be any cell useful in the recombinant production of a polypeptide of the present invention, e.g., a prokaryote or a eukaryote.
The prokaryotic host cell may be any Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterium. Gram-positive bacteria include, but are not limited to, Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Geobacillus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Oceanobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Streptomyces. Gram-negative bacteria include, but are not limited to, Campylobacter, E. coli, Flavobacterium, Fusobacterium, Helicobacter, Ilyobacter, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Ureaplasma.
The bacterial host cell may be any Bacillus cell including, but not limited to, Bacillus alkalophilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus clausii, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus lautus, Bacillus lentus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus thuringiensis cells.
The bacterial host cell may also be any Streptococcus cell including, but not limited to, Streptococcus equisimilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus cells.
The bacterial host cell may also be any Streptomyces cell including, but not limited to, Streptomyces achromogenes, Streptomyces avermitilis, Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces griseus, and Streptomyces lividans cells.
The introduction of DNA into a Bacillus cell may be effected by protoplast transformation (see, e.g., Chang and Cohen, 1979, Mol. Gen. Genet. 168: 111-115), competent cell transformation (see, e.g., Young and Spizizen, 1961, J. Bacteriol. 81: 823-829, or Dubnau and Davidoff-Abelson, 1971, J. Mol. Biol. 56: 209-221), electroporation (see, e.g., Shigekawa and Dower, 1988, Biotechniques 6: 742-751), or conjugation (see, e.g., Koehler and Thorne, 1987, J. Bacteriol. 169: 5271-5278). The introduction of DNA into an E. coli cell may be effected by protoplast transformation (see, e.g., Hanahan, 1983, J. Mol. Biol. 166: 557-580) or electroporation (see, e.g., Dower et al., 1988, Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 6127-6145). The introduction of DNA into a Streptomyces cell may be effected by protoplast transformation, electroporation (see, e.g., Gong et al., 2004, Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 49: 399-405), conjugation (see, e.g., Mazodier et al., 1989, J. Bacteriol. 171: 3583-3585), or transduction (see, e.g., Burke et al., 2001, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 6289-6294). The introduction of DNA into a Pseudomonas cell may be effected by electroporation (see, e.g., Choi et al., 2006, J. Microbiol. Methods 64: 391-397) or conjugation (see, e.g., Pinedo and Smets, 2005, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 51-57). The introduction of DNA into a Streptococcus cell may be effected by natural competence (see, e.g., Perry and Kuramitsu, 1981, Infect. Immun. 32: 1295-1297), protoplast transformation (see, e.g., Catt and Jollick, 1991, Microbios 68: 189-207), electroporation (see, e.g., Buckley et al., 1999, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 3800-3804), or conjugation (see, e.g., Clewell, 1981, Microbiol. Rev. 45: 409-436). However, any method known in the art for introducing DNA into a host cell can be used.
The host cell may also be a eukaryote, such as a mammalian, insect, plant, or fungal cell.
The host cell may be a fungal cell. “Fungi” as used herein includes the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota as well as the Oomycota and all mitosporic fungi (as defined by Hawksworth et al., In, Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of The Fungi, 8th edition, 1995, CAB International, University Press, Cambridge, UK).
The fungal host cell may be a yeast cell. “Yeast” as used herein includes ascosporogenous yeast (Endomycetales), basidiosporogenous yeast, and yeast belonging to the Fungi Imperfecti (Blastomycetes). Since the classification of yeast may change in the future, for the purposes of this invention, yeast shall be defined as described in Biology and Activities of Yeast (Skinner, Passmore, and Davenport, editors, Soc. App. Bacteriol. Symposium Series No. 9, 1980).
The yeast host cell may be a Candida, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, or Yarrowia cell, such as a Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces diastaticus, Saccharomyces douglasii, Saccharomyces kluyveri, Saccharomyces norbensis, Saccharomyces oviformis, or Yarrowia lipolytica cell.
The fungal host cell may be a filamentous fungal cell. “Filamentous fungi” include all filamentous forms of the subdivision Eumycota and Oomycota (as defined by Hawksworth et al., 1995, supra). The filamentous fungi are generally characterized by a mycelial wall composed of chitin, cellulose, glucan, chitosan, mannan, and other complex polysaccharides. Vegetative growth is by hyphal elongation and carbon catabolism is obligately aerobic. In contrast, vegetative growth by yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae is by budding of a unicellular thallus and carbon catabolism may be fermentative.
The filamentous fungal host cell may be an Acremonium, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Bjerkandera, Ceriporiopsis, Chrysosporium, Coprinus, Coriolus, Cryptococcus, Filibasidium, Fusarium, Humicola, Magnaporthe, Mucor, Myceliophthora, Neocallimastix, Neurospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Phlebia, Piromyces, Pleurotus, Schizophyllum, Talaromyces, Thermoascus, Thielavia, Tolypocladium, Trametes, or Trichoderma cell.
For example, the filamentous fungal host cell may be an Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Bjerkandera adusta, Ceriporiopsis aneirina, Ceriporiopsis caregiea, Ceriporiopsis gilvescens, Ceriporiopsis pannocinta, Ceriporiopsis rivulosa, Ceriporiopsis subrufa, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Chrysosporium inops, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Chrysosporium merdarium, Chrysosporium pannicola, Chrysosporium queenslandicum, Chrysosporium tropicum, Chrysosporium zonatum, Coprinus cinereus, Coriolus hirsutus, Fusarium bactridioides, Fusarium cerealis, Fusarium crookwellense, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium graminum, Fusarium heterosporum, Fusarium negundi, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium reticulatum, Fusarium roseum, Fusarium sambucinum, Fusarium sarcochroum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium sulphureum, Fusarium torulosum, Fusarium trichothecioides, Fusarium venenatum, Humicola insolens, Humicola lanuginosa, Mucor miehei, Myceliophthora thermophila, Neurospora crassa, Penicillium purpurogenum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phlebia radiata, Pleurotus eryngii, Thielavia terrestris, Trametes villosa, Trametes versicolor, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma reesei, or Trichoderma viride cell.
Fungal cells may be transformed by a process involving protoplast formation, transformation of the protoplasts, and regeneration of the cell wall in a manner known per se. Suitable procedures for transformation of Aspergillus and Trichoderma host cells are described in EP 238023, Yelton et al., 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 1470-1474, and Christensen et al., 1988, Bio/Technology 6: 1419-1422. Suitable methods for transforming Fusarium species are described by Malardier et al., 1989, Gene 78: 147-156, and WO 96/00787. Yeast may be transformed using the procedures described by Becker and Guarente, In Abelson, J. N. and Simon, M. I., editors, Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology, Methods in Enzymology, Volume 194, pp 182-187, Academic Press, Inc., New York; Ito et al., 1983, J. Bacteriol. 153: 163; and Hinnen et al., 1978, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75: 1920.
The present invention also relates to methods of producing a polypeptide of the present invention (e.g., in vitro or ex vivo methods of production), comprising (a) cultivating a cell, which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide, under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and optionally, (b) recovering the polypeptide. In one aspect, the cell is an Ascobolus cell. In another aspect, the cell is an Ascobolus stictoideus cell. In a further aspect, the cell is a Chaetomium cell. In another aspect, the cell is a Chaetomium virescens cell.
The present invention also relates to methods of producing a polypeptide of the present invention (e.g., in vitro or ex vivo methods of production), comprising (a) cultivating a recombinant host cell of the present invention under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and optionally, (b) recovering the polypeptide.
The host cells are cultivated in a nutrient medium suitable for production of the polypeptide using methods known in the art. For example, the cells may be cultivated by shake flask cultivation, or small-scale or large-scale fermentation (including continuous, batch, fed-batch, or solid state fermentations) in laboratory or industrial fermentors in a suitable medium and under conditions allowing the polypeptide to be expressed and/or isolated. The cultivation takes place in a suitable nutrient medium comprising carbon and nitrogen sources and inorganic salts, using procedures known in the art. Suitable media are available from commercial suppliers or may be prepared according to published compositions (e.g., in catalogues of the American Type Culture Collection). If the polypeptide is secreted into the nutrient medium, the polypeptide can be recovered directly from the medium. If the polypeptide is not secreted, it can be recovered from cell lysates.
The polypeptide may be detected using methods known in the art that are specific for the polypeptides. These detection methods include, but are not limited to, use of specific antibodies, formation of an enzyme product, or disappearance of an enzyme substrate. For example, an enzyme assay may be used to determine the activity of the polypeptide.
The polypeptide may be recovered using methods known in the art. For example, the polypeptide may be recovered from the nutrient medium by conventional procedures including, but not limited to, collection, centrifugation, filtration, extraction, spray-drying, evaporation, or precipitation. In one aspect, a fermentation broth comprising the polypeptide is recovered.
The polypeptide may be purified by a variety of procedures known in the art including, but not limited to, chromatography (e.g., ion exchange, affinity, hydrophobic, chromatofocusing, and size exclusion), electrophoretic procedures (e.g., preparative isoelectric focusing), differential solubility (e.g., ammonium sulfate precipitation), SDS-PAGE, or extraction (see, e.g., Protein Purification, Janson and Ryden, editors, VCH Publishers, New York, 1989) to obtain substantially pure polypeptides.
In an alternative aspect, the polypeptide is not recovered, but rather a host cell of the present invention expressing the polypeptide is used as a source of the polypeptide.
The present invention also relates to isolated plants, e.g., a transgenic plant, plant part, or plant cell, comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention so as to express and produce a polypeptide or domain in recoverable quantities. The polypeptide or domain may be recovered from the plant or plant part. Alternatively, the plant or plant part containing the polypeptide or domain may be used as such for improving the quality of a food or feed, e.g., improving nutritional value, palatability, and rheological properties, or to destroy an antinutritive factor.
The transgenic plant can be dicotyledonous (a dicot) or monocotyledonous (a monocot). Examples of monocot plants are grasses, such as meadow grass (blue grass, Poa), forage grass such as Festuca, Lolium, temperate grass, such as Agrostis, and cereals, e.g., wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, sorghum, and maize (corn).
Examples of dicot plants are tobacco, legumes, such as lupins, potato, sugar beet, pea, bean and soybean, and cruciferous plants (family Brassicaceae), such as cauliflower, rape seed, and the closely related model organism Arabidopsis thaliana.
Examples of plant parts are stem, callus, leaves, root, fruits, seeds, and tubers as well as the individual tissues comprising these parts, e.g., epidermis, mesophyll, parenchyme, vascular tissues, meristems. Specific plant cell compartments, such as chloroplasts, apoplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles, peroxisomes and cytoplasm are also considered to be a plant part. Furthermore, any plant cell, whatever the tissue origin, is considered to be a plant part. Likewise, plant parts such as specific tissues and cells isolated to facilitate the utilization of the invention are also considered plant parts, e.g., embryos, endosperms, aleurone and seed coats.
Also included within the scope of the present invention are the progeny of such plants, plant parts, and plant cells.
The transgenic plant or plant cell expressing the polypeptide or domain may be constructed in accordance with methods known in the art. In short, the plant or plant cell is constructed by incorporating one or more expression constructs encoding the polypeptide or domain into the plant host genome or chloroplast genome and propagating the resulting modified plant or plant cell into a transgenic plant or plant cell.
The present invention also relates to a fermentation broth formulation or a cell composition comprising a polypeptide of the present invention. The fermentation broth product further comprises additional ingredients used in the fermentation process, such as, for example, cells (including, the host cells containing the gene encoding the polypeptide of the present invention which are used to produce the polypeptide), cell debris, biomass, fermentation media and/or fermentation products. In some embodiments, the composition is a cell-killed whole broth containing organic acid(s), killed cells and/or cell debris, and culture medium.
The term “fermentation broth” as used herein refers to a preparation produced by cellular fermentation that undergoes no or minimal recovery and/or purification. For example, fermentation broths are produced when microbial cultures are grown to saturation, incubated under carbon-limiting conditions to allow protein synthesis (e.g., expression of enzymes by host cells) and secretion into cell culture medium. The fermentation broth can contain unfractionated or fractionated contents of the fermentation materials derived at the end of the fermentation. Typically, the fermentation broth is unfractionated and comprises the spent culture medium and cell debris present after the microbial cells (e.g., filamentous fungal cells) are removed, e.g., by centrifugation. In some embodiments, the fermentation broth contains spent cell culture medium, extracellular enzymes, and viable and/or nonviable microbial cells.
In an embodiment, the fermentation broth formulation and cell compositions comprise a first organic acid component comprising at least one 1-5 carbon organic acid and/or a salt thereof and a second organic acid component comprising at least one 6 or more carbon organic acid and/or a salt thereof. In a specific embodiment, the first organic acid component is acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, a salt thereof, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing and the second organic acid component is benzoic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, phenylacetic acid, a salt thereof, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.
In one aspect, the composition contains an organic acid(s), and optionally further contains killed cells and/or cell debris. In one embodiment, the killed cells and/or cell debris are removed from a cell-killed whole broth to provide a composition that is free of these components.
The fermentation broth formulations or cell compositions may further comprise a preservative and/or anti-microbial (e.g., bacteriostatic) agent, including, but not limited to, sorbitol, sodium chloride, potassium sorbate, and others known in the art.
The fermentation broth formulations or cell compositions may further comprise multiple enzymatic activities, such as one or more (e.g., several) enzymes selected from the group consisting of a cellulase, a hemicellulase, an esterase, an expansin, a laccase, a ligninolytic enzyme, a pectinase, a peroxidase, a protease, and a swollenin. The fermentation broth formulations or cell compositions may also comprise one or more (e.g., several) enzymes selected from the group consisting of a hydrolase, an isomerase, a ligase, a lyase, an oxidoreductase, or a transferase, e.g., an alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, aminopeptidase, amylase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase, carbohydrase, carboxypeptidase, catalase, cellobiohydrolase, cellulase, chitinase, cutinase, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, deoxyribonuclease, endoglucanase, esterase, glucoamylase, invertase, laccase, lipase, mannosidase, mutanase, oxidase, pectinolytic enzyme, peroxidase, phytase, polyphenoloxidase, proteolytic enzyme, ribonuclease, transglutaminase, or xylanase.
The cell-killed whole broth or composition may contain the unfractionated contents of the fermentation materials derived at the end of the fermentation. Typically, the cell-killed whole broth or composition contains the spent culture medium and cell debris present after the microbial cells (e.g., filamentous fungal cells) are grown to saturation, incubated under carbon-limiting conditions to allow protein synthesis (e.g., expression of cellulase and/or glucosidase enzyme(s)). In some embodiments, the cell-killed whole broth or composition contains the spent cell culture medium, extracellular enzymes, and killed filamentous fungal cells. In some embodiments, the microbial cells present in the cell-killed whole broth or composition can be permeabilized and/or lysed using methods known in the art.
A whole broth or cell composition as described herein is typically a liquid, but may contain insoluble components, such as killed cells, cell debris, culture media components, and/or insoluble enzyme(s). In some embodiments, insoluble components may be removed to provide a clarified liquid composition.
The whole broth formulations and cell compositions of the present invention may be produced by a method described in WO 90/15861 or WO 2010/096673.
Examples are given below of uses of the compositions of the present invention. The dosage of the composition and other conditions under which the composition is used may be determined on the basis of methods known in the art.
The mannanases of the invention may be used in applications where mannan needs to be degraded. Examples of where mannanases could be used are in the production of bioethanol from softwood and palm kernel press cake, for the improvement of animal feed and in the hydrolysis of coffee. Furthermore, guar gum is used in many food products and in the oil and gas industry, so the mannanases of the invention could be used in detergents to remove mannan containing stains, for hydraulic fracturing to create subterranean fractures that extend from the borehole into rock formation in order to increase the rate at which fluids can be produced by the formation or for cleaning borehole filtercake. The mannan may thus be used in fracturing of a subterranean formation perpetrated by a well bore or the mannan may be used as a component in borehole filtercake.
The mannan may be used for degrading a cellulosic material, for producing a fermentation product and for fermenting a cellulosic material e.g., in a process for producing a fermentation product, comprising: (a) saccharifying a cellulosic material with an enzyme composition in the presence of the polypeptide having mannanase activity of the present invention; (b) fermenting the saccharified cellulosic material with one or more fermenting microorganisms to produce the fermentation product; and (c) recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation. The cellulosic material may be pretreated before saccharification.
Mannanases of the invention may be used for preventing or removing biofilm on items such as textiles and/or fabric. Such mannanases preferably have at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
Biofilm can develop on textile when microorganisms are present on an item and stick together on the item. Some microorganisms tend to adhere to the surface of items such as textiles. Some microorganisms adhere to such surfaces and form a biofilm on the surface. The biofilm may be sticky and the adhered microorganisms and/or the biofilm may be difficult to remove. Furthermore the biofilm adhere soil due to the sticky nature of the biofilm. The commercial laundry detergent compositions available on the marked do not remove such adhered microorganisms or biofilm.
The present invention concerns the use of a polypeptide having mannanase activity for preventing, reducing or removing a biofilm from an item, wherein the polypeptide is obtained from a fungal source and wherein the item is a textile. In one embodiment of the invention the polypeptide having mannanase activity is used for preventing, reducing or removing the stickiness of an item.
The present invention also relates to compositions comprising a mannanase of the invention.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to compositions in particular to cleaning compositions and/or detergent compositions comprising a mannanase of the invention and a suitable surfactant.
The present invention also relates to compositions comprising an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity selected from the group consisting of: a) a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity, at least 65% sequence identity, at least 70% sequence identity, at least 75% sequence identity, at least 80% sequence identity, at least 85% sequence identity, at least 90% sequence identity, at least 91% sequence identity, at least 92% sequence identity, at least 93% sequence identity, at least 94% sequence identity, at least 95% sequence identity, at least 96% sequence identity, at least 97% sequence identity, at least 98% sequence identity, at least 99% sequence identity or even 100% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; b) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under medium stringency conditions with (i) the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or (ii) the full-length complementary strand of (i); c) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 60% sequence identity, at least 65% sequence identity, at least 70% sequence identity, at least 75% sequence identity, at least 80% sequence identity, at least 85% sequence identity, at least 90% sequence identity, at least 91% sequence identity, at least 92% sequence identity, at least 93% sequence identity, at least 94% sequence identity, at least 95% sequence identity, at least 96% sequence identity, at least 97% sequence identity, at least 98% sequence identity, at least 99% sequence identity or even 100% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; e) a variant comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion of one or more (e.g. several) amino acids of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; and f) a fragment of a polypeptide of (a), (b), (c), or (d) that has mannanase activity.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 75% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 80% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 85% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 90% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 91% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 92% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 93% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 94% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 95% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 96% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 97% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 98% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having at least 99% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment the compositions of the invention comprises an isolated polypeptide having mannanase activity and having 100% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment, the detergent composition may be adapted for specific uses such as laundry, in particular household laundry, dish washing or hard surface cleaning.
The detergent compositions of the invention may be formulated, for example, as a hand or machine laundry detergent composition including a laundry additive composition suitable for pre-treatment of stained fabrics and a rinse added fabric softener composition, or be formulated as a detergent composition for use in general household hard surface cleaning operations, or be formulated for hand or machine dishwashing operations. The detergent compositions of the invention may find use in hard surface cleaning, automatic dishwashing applications, as well as cosmetic applications such as dentures, teeth, hair and skin.
The detergent composition of the invention may be in any convenient form, e.g., a bar, a tablet, a powder, a granule, a paste or a liquid. A liquid detergent may be aqueous, typically containing up to 70% water and 0-30% organic solvent, or non-aqueous.
Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels provided herein are made in reference to the active level of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources.
The mannanase of the invention is normally incorporated in the detergent composition at a level of from 0.000001% to 2% of enzyme protein by weight of the composition, preferably at a level of from 0.00001% to 1% of enzyme protein by weight of the composition, more preferably at a level of from 0.0001% to 0.75% of enzyme protein by weight of the composition, even more preferably at a level of from 0.001% to 0.5% of enzyme protein by weight of the composition.
Furthermore, the mannanase of the invention is normally incorporated in the detergent composition in such amounts that their concentration in the wash water is at a level of from 0.0000001% to 1% enzyme protein, preferably at a level of from 0.000005% to 0.01% of enzyme protein, more preferably at a level of from 0.000001% to 0.005% of enzyme protein, even more preferably at a level of from 0.00001% to 0.001% of enzyme protein in wash water.
As is well known, the amount of enzyme will also vary according to the particular application and/or as a result of the other components included in the compositions.
A composition for use in automatic dishwash (ADW), for example, may include 0.001%-50%, such as 0.01%-25%, such as 0.02%-20%, such as 0.1-15% of enzyme protein by weight of the composition.
A composition for use in laundry granulation, for example, may include 0.0001%-50%, such as 0.001%-20%, such as 0.01%-15%, such as 0.05%-10% of enzyme protein by weight of the composition.
A composition for use in laundry liquid, for example, may include 0.0001%-10%, such as 0.001-7%, such as 0.1%-5% of enzyme protein by weight of the composition.
In some preferred embodiments, the detergent compositions provided herein are typically formulated such that, during use in aqueous cleaning operations, the wash water has a pH of from about 5.0 to about 11.5, or in alternative embodiments, even from about 6.0 to about 10.5, such as from about 5 to about 11, from about 5 to about 10, from about 5 to about 9, from about 5 to about 8, from about 5 to about 7, from about 6 to about 11, from about 6 to about 10, from about 6 to about 9, from about 6 to about 8, from about 6 to about 7, from about 7 to about 11, from about 7 to about 10, from about 7 to about 9, or from about 7 to about 8. In some preferred embodiments, granular or liquid laundry products are formulated such that the wash water has a pH from about 5.5 to about 8. Techniques for controlling pH at recommended usage levels include the use of buffers, alkalis, acids, etc., and are well known to those skilled in the art.
Enzyme components weights are based on total protein. All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated. In the exemplified detergent composition, the enzymes levels are expressed by pure enzyme by weight of the total composition and unless otherwise specified, the detergent ingredients are expressed by weight of the total composition.
The enzymes of the present invention also find use in detergent additive products. A detergent additive product comprising a mannanase of the invention is ideally suited for inclusion in a wash process when, e.g., temperature is low, such as at temperatures about 40° C. or below, the pH is between 6 and 8 and the washing time short, e.g., below 30 min.
The detergent additive product may be a mannanase of the invention and preferably an additional enzyme. In one embodiment, the additive is packaged in dosage form for addition to a cleaning process. The single dosage may comprise a pill, tablet, gelcap or other single dosage unit including powders and/or liquids. In some embodiments, filler and/or carrier material(s) are included, suitable filler or carrier materials include, but are not limited to, various salts of sulfate, carbonate and silicate as well as talc, clay and the like. In some embodiments filler and/or carrier materials for liquid compositions include water and/or low molecular weight primary and secondary alcohols including polyols and diols. Examples of such alcohols include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol.
In one particularly preferred embodiment the mannanase according to the invention is employed in a granular composition or liquid, the mannanase may be in form of an encapsulated particle. In one embodiment, the encapsulating material is selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, natural or synthetic gums, chitin and chitosan, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, silicates, phosphates, borates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, paraffin waxes and combinations thereof.
The compositions according to the invention typically comprise one or more detergent ingredients. The term detergent compositions include articles and cleaning and treatment compositions. The term cleaning composition includes, unless otherwise indicated, tablet, granular or powder-form all-purpose or “heavy-duty” washing agents, especially laundry detergents; liquid, gel or paste-form all-purpose washing agents, especially the so-called heavy-duty liquid types; liquid fine-fabric detergents; hand dishwashing agents or light duty dishwashing agents, especially those of the high-foaming type; machine dishwashing agents, including the various tablet, granular, liquid and rinse-aid types for household and institutional use. The composition can also be in unit dose packages, including those known in the art and those that are water soluble, water insoluble and/or water permeable.
In embodiments in which cleaning and/or detergent components may not be compatible with the mannanase of the present invention, suitable methods may be used for keeping the cleaning and/or detergent components and the mannanase separated (i.e., not in contact with each other) until combination of the two components is appropriate. Such separation methods include any suitable method known in the art (e.g., gelcaps, encapsulation, tablets, and physical separation e.g., by use of a water dissolvable pouch having one or more compartments).
As mentioned when the mannanase of the invention is employed as a component of a detergent composition (e.g., a laundry washing detergent composition, or a dishwashing detergent composition), it may, for example, be included in the detergent composition in the form of a non-dusting granulate, a stabilized liquid, or a protected enzyme. Non-dusting granulates may be produced, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,106,991 and 4,661,452 (both to Novo Industri A/S) and may optionally be coated by methods known in the art. Examples of waxy coating materials are polyethyleneglycol (PEG) products with mean molecular weights of 1000 to 20000; ethoxylated nonylphenols having from 16 to 50 ethylene oxide units; ethoxylated fatty alcohols in which the alcohol contains from 12 to 20 carbon atoms and in which there are 15 to 80 ethylene oxide units; fatty alcohols; fatty acids; and mono- and di- and triglycerides of fatty acids. Examples of film-forming coating materials suitable for application by fluid bed techniques are given in GB 1483591.
In some embodiments, the enzymes employed herein are stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources of zinc (II), calcium (II) and/or magnesium (II) ions in the finished compositions that provide such ions to the enzymes, as well as other metal ions (e.g., barium (II), scandium (II), iron (II), manganese (II), aluminum (Ill), tin (II), cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II), and oxovanadium (IV)). The enzymes of the detergent compositions of the invention may also be stabilized using conventional stabilizing agents such as polyol, e.g., propylene glycol or glycerol, a sugar or sugar alcohol, lactic acid, and the composition may be formulated as described in, e.g., WO 92/19709 and WO 92/19708. The enzymes of the invention may also be stabilized by adding reversible enzyme inhibitors, e.g., of the protein type (as described in EP 544 777) or the boronic acid type. Other enzyme stabilizers are well known in the art, such as peptide aldehydes and protein hydrolysate, e.g. the mannanases according to the invention may be stabilized using peptide aldehydes or ketones such as described in WO2005/105826 and WO2009/118375.
Protected enzymes for inclusion in a detergent composition of the invention may be prepared, as mentioned above, according to the method disclosed in EP 238 216.
The composition may be augmented with one or more agents for preventing or removing the formation of the biofilm. These agents may include, but are not limited to, dispersants, surfactants, detergents, other enzymes, anti-microbials, and biocides.
The compositions of the invention may be applied in dosing elements to be used in an auto-dosing device. The dosing elements comprising the composition of the present invention can be placed into a delivery cartridge as that described in WO 2007/052004 and WO 2007/0833141. The dosing elements can have an elongated shape and set into an array forming a delivery cartridge which is the refill for an auto-dosing dispensing device as described in case WO 2007/051989. The delivery cartridge is to be placed in an auto-dosing delivery device, such as that described in WO 2008/053191.
Suitable disclosure of auto-dosing devices can be found in WO 2007/083139, WO 2007/051989, WO 2007/083141, WO 2007/083142 and EP2361964,
In one embodiment, a mannanase of the invention is combined with one or more enzymes, such as at least two enzymes, more preferred at least three, four or five enzymes. Preferably, the enzymes have different substrate specificity, e.g., proteolytic activity, amylolytic activity, lipolytic activity, hemicellulytic activity or pectolytic activity.
The detergent additive as well as the detergent composition may comprise one or more enzymes such as a protease, lipase, cutinase, an amylase, carbohydrase, cellulase, pectinase, mannanase, arabinase, galactanase, xylanase, oxidase, e.g., a laccase and/or peroxidase.
In general the properties of the selected enzyme(s) should be compatible with the selected detergent, (i.e., pH-optimum, compatibility with other enzymatic and non-enzymatic ingredients, etc.), and the enzyme(s) should be present in effective amounts.
Cellulases:
Suitable cellulases include those of animal, vegetable or microbial origin. Particularly suitable cellulases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered variants are included. Suitable cellulases include cellulases from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, e.g., the fungal cellulases produced from Humicola insolens, Myceliophthora thermophila and Fusarium oxysporum disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,435,307, 5,648,263, 5,691,178, 5,776,757 and WO 89/09259.
Especially suitable cellulases are the alkaline or neutral cellulases having color care benefits. Examples of such cellulases are cellulases described in EP 0 495 257, EP 0 531 372, WO 96/11262, WO 96/29397, WO 98/08940. Other examples are cellulase variants such as those described in WO 94/07998, EP 0 531 315, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,457,046, 5,686,593, 5,763,254, WO 95/24471, WO 98/12307 and WO 1999/001544.
Commercially available cellulases include Celluzyme™, and Carezyme™ (Novozymes A/S), Clazinase™, and Puradax HA™ (Genencor International Inc.), and KAC-500(B)™ (Kao Corporation).
Proteases:
Suitable proteases include those of bacterial, fungal, plant, viral or animal origin e.g. microbial or vegetable origin. Microbial origin is preferred. Chemically modified or protein engineered variants are included. It may be an alkaline protease, such as a serine protease or a metalloprotease. A serine protease may for example be of the S1 family, such as trypsin, or the S8 family such as subtilisin. A metalloproteases protease may for example be a thermolysin from e.g. family M4 or other metalloprotease such as those from M5, M7 or M8 families.
The term “subtilases” refers to a sub-group of serine protease according to Siezen et al., Protein Engng. 4 (1991) 719-737 and Siezen et al. Protein Science 6 (1997) 501-523. Serine proteases are a subgroup of proteases characterized by having a serine in the active site, which forms a covalent adduct with the substrate. The subtilases may be divided into 6 sub-divisions, i.e. the Subtilisin family, the Thermitase family, the Proteinase K family, the Lantibiotic peptidase family, the Kexin family and the Pyrolysin family.
Examples of subtilases are those derived from Bacillus such as Bacillus lentus, B. alkalophilus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus gibsonii described in; U.S. Pat. No. 7,262,042 and WO09/021867, and subtilisin lentus, subtilisin Novo, subtilisin Carlsberg, Bacillus licheniformis, subtilisin BPN′, subtilisin 309, subtilisin 147 and subtilisin 168 described in WO89/06279 and protease PD138 described in (WO93/18140). Other useful proteases may be those described in WO92/175177, WO01/016285, WO02/026024 and WO02/016547. Examples of trypsin-like proteases are trypsin (e.g. of porcine or bovine origin) and the Fusarium protease described in WO89/06270, WO94/25583 and WO05/040372, and the chymotrypsin proteases derived from Cellulomonas described in WO05/052161 and WO05/052146.
A further preferred protease is the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus DSM 5483, as described for example in WO95/23221, and variants thereof which are described in WO92/21760, WO95/23221, EP1921147 and EP1921148.
Examples of metalloproteases are the neutral metalloprotease as described in WO07/044993 (Genencor Int.) such as those derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Examples of useful proteases are the variants described in: WO92/19729, WO96/034946, WO98/20115, WO98/20116, WO99/011768, WO01/44452, WO03/006602, WO04/03186, WO04/041979, WO07/006305, WO11/036263, WO11/036264, especially the variants with substitutions in one or more of the following positions: 3, 4, 9, 15, 27, 36, 57, 68, 76, 87, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 118, 120, 123, 128, 129, 130, 160, 167, 170, 194, 195, 199, 205, 206, 217, 218, 222, 224, 232, 235, 236, 245, 248, 252 and 274 using the BPN′ numbering. More preferred the protease variants may comprise the mutations: S3T, V4I, S9R, A15T, K27R, *36D, V68A, N76D, N87S,R, *97E, A98S, S99G,D,A, S99AD, S101G,M,R S103A, V1041,Y,N, S106A, G118V,R, H120D,N, N123S, S128L, P129Q, S130A, G160D, Y167A, R170S, A194P, G195E, V199M, V2051, L217D, N218D, M222S, A232V, K235L, Q236H, Q245R, N252K, T274A (using BPN′ numbering).
Suitable commercially available protease enzymes include those sold under the trade names Alcalase®, Duralase™, Durazym™, Relase®, Relase® Ultra, Savinase®, Savinase® Ultra, Primase®, Polarzyme®, Kannase®, Liquanase®, Liquanase® Ultra, Ovozyme®, Coronase®, Coronase® Ultra, Neutrase®, Everlase® and Esperase® (Novozymes A/S), those sold under the tradename Maxatase®, Maxacal®, Maxapem®, Purafect®, Purafect Prime®, Preferenz™, Purafect MA®, Purafect Ox®, Purafect OxP®, Puramax®, Properase®, Effectenz™, FN2®, FN3®, FN4®, Excellase®, Opticlean® and Optimase® (Danisco/DuPont), Axapem™ (Gist-Brocases N.V.), BLAP (sequence shown in FIG. 29 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,604) and variants hereof (Henkel AG) and KAP (Bacillus alkalophilus subtilisin) from Kao.
Lipases:
Suitable lipases include those of animal, vegetable or microbial origin. Particularly suitable lipases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered variants are included. Examples of useful lipases include lipases from Humicola (synonym Thermomyces), e.g., from H. lanuginosa (T. lanuginosus) as described in EP 258 068 and EP 305 216 or from H. insolens as described in WO 96/13580, a Pseudomonas lipase, e.g., from P. alcaligenes or P. pseudoalcaligenes (EP 218 272), P. cepacia (EP 331 376), P. stutzeri (GB 1,372,034), P. fluorescens, Pseudomonas sp. strain SD 705 (WO 95/06720 and WO 96/27002), P. wisconsinensis (WO 96/12012), a Bacillus lipase, e.g., from B. subtilis (Dartois et al., 1993, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1131: 253-360), B. stearothermophilus (JP 64/744992) or B. pumilus (WO 91/16422).
Other examples are lipase variants such as those described in WO 92/05249, WO 94/01541, EP 407 225, EP 260 105, WO 95/35381, WO 96/00292, WO 95/30744, WO 94/25578, WO 95/14783, WO 95/22615, WO 97/04079 and WO 97/07202.
Preferred commercially available lipase enzymes include Lipolase™, Lipolase Ultra™ and Lipex™ (Novozymes A/S).
Amylases:
Suitable amylases which can be used together with mannanase of the invention may be an alpha-amylase or a glucoamylase and may be of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered variants are included. Amylases include, for example, alpha-amylases obtained from Bacillus, e.g., a special strain of Bacillus licheniformis, described in more detail in GB 1,296,839. Suitable amylases include amylases having SEQ ID NO: 3 in WO 95/10603 or variants having 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3 thereof. Preferred variants are described in WO 94/02597, WO 94/18314, WO 97/43424 and SEQ ID NO: 4 of WO 99/019467, such as variants with substitutions in one or more of the following positions: 15, 23, 105, 106, 124, 128, 133, 154, 156, 178, 179, 181, 188, 190, 197, 201, 202, 207, 208, 209, 211, 243, 264, 304, 305, 391, 408, and 444. Different suitable amylases include amylases having SEQ ID NO: 6 in WO 02/010355 or variants thereof having 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. Preferred variants of SEQ ID NO: 6 are those having a deletion in positions 181 and 182 and a substitution in position 193. Other amylases which are suitable are hybrid alpha-amylase comprising residues 1-33 of the alpha-amylase derived from B. amyloliquefaciens shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 of WO 2006/066594 and residues 36-483 of the B. licheniformis alpha-amylase shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 of WO 2006/066594 or variants having 90% sequence identity thereof. Preferred variants of this hybrid alpha-amylase are those having a substitution, a deletion or an insertion in one of more of the following positions: G48, T49, G107, H156, A181, N190, M197, 1201, A209 and Q264. Most preferred variants of the hybrid alpha-amylase comprising residues 1-33 of the alpha-amylase derived from B. amyloliquefaciens shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 of WO 2006/066594 and residues 36-483 of SEQ ID NO: 4 are those having the substitutions:
M197T;
H156Y+A181T+N190F+A209V+Q264S; or
G48A+T491+G107A+H156Y+A181T+N190F+1201F+A209V+Q264S.
Further amylases which are suitable are amylases having SEQ ID NO: 6 in WO 99/019467 or variants thereof having 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. Preferred variants of SEQ ID NO: 6 are those having a substitution, a deletion or an insertion in one or more of the following positions: R181, G182, H183, G184, N195, 1206, E212, E216 and K269. Particularly preferred amylases are those having deletion in positions R181 and G182, or positions H183 and G184. Additional amylases which can be used are those having SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 7 of WO 96/023873 or variants thereof having 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7. Preferred variants of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7 are those having a substitution, a deletion or an insertion in one or more of the following positions: 140, 181, 182, 183, 184, 195, 206, 212, 243, 260, 269, 304 and 476. More preferred variants are those having a deletion in positions 181 and 182 or positions 183 and 184. Most preferred amylase variants of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 7 are those having a deletion in positions 183 and 184 and a substitution in one or more of positions 140, 195, 206, 243, 260, 304 and 476. Other amylases which can be used are amylases having SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO 08/153815, SEQ ID NO: 10 in WO 01/66712 or variants thereof having 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO 08/153815 or 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10 in WO 01/66712. Preferred variants of SEQ ID NO: 10 in WO 01/66712 are those having a substitution, a deletion or an insertion in one of more of the following positions: 176, 177, 178, 179, 190, 201, 207, 211 and 264. Further suitable amylases are amylases having SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO 09/061380 or variants having 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 thereof. Preferred variants of SEQ ID NO: 2 are those having a truncation of the C-terminus and/or a substitution, a deletion or an insertion in one of more of the following positions: Q87, Q98, S125, N128, T131, T165, K178, R180, S181, T182, G183, M201, F202, N225, S243, N272, N282, Y305, R309, D319, Q320, Q359, K444 and G475. More preferred variants of SEQ ID NO: 2 are those having the substitution in one of more of the following positions: Q87E,R, Q98R, S125A, N128C, T131I, T1651, K178L, T182G, M201L, F202Y, N225E,R, N272E,R, S243Q,A,E,D, Y305R, R309A, Q320R, Q359E, K444E and G475K and/or deletion in position R180 and/or S181 or of T182 and/or G183. Most preferred amylase variants of SEQ ID NO: 2 are those having the substitutions:
N128C+K178L+T182G+Y305R+G475K;
N128C+K178L+T182G+F202Y+Y305R+D319T+G475K;
S125A+N128C+K178L+T182G+Y305R+G475K; or
S125A+N128C+T131I+T1651+K178L+T182G+Y305R+G475K wherein the variants are C-terminally truncated and optionally further comprises a substitution at position 243 and/or a deletion at position 180 and/or position 181. Other suitable amylases are the alpha-amylase having SEQ ID NO: 12 in WO01/66712 or a variant having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12. Preferred amylase variants are those having a substitution, a deletion or an insertion in one of more of the following positions of SEQ ID NO: 12 in WO01/66712: R28, R118, N174; R181, G182, D183, G184, G186, W189, N195, M202, Y298, N299, K302, S303, N306, R310, N314; R320, H324, E345, Y396, R400, W439, R444, N445, K446, Q449, R458, N471, N484. Particular preferred amylases include variants having a deletion of D183 and G184 and having the substitutions R118K, N195F, R320K and R458K, and a variant additionally having substitutions in one or more position selected from the group: M9, G149, G182, G186, M202, T257, Y295, N299, M323, E345 and A339, most preferred a variant that additionally has substitutions in all these positions. Other examples are amylase variants such as those described in WO2011/098531, WO2013/001078 and WO2013/001087. Commercially available amylases are Duramyl™, Termamyl™, Fungamyl™, Stainzyme™, Stainzyme Plus™, Natalase™, Liquozyme X and BAN™ (from Novozymes A/S), and Rapidase™ Purastar™/Effectenz™, Powerase and Preferenz S100 (from Genencor International Inc./DuPont).
Peroxidases/Oxidases:
Suitable peroxidases/oxidases include those of plant, bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered variants are included. Examples of useful peroxidases include peroxidases from Coprinus, e.g., from C. cinereus, and variants thereof as those described in WO 93/24618, WO 95/10602, and WO 98/15257.
Commercially available peroxidases include Guardzyme™ (Novozymes AIS).
The detergent enzyme(s) may be included in a detergent composition by adding separate additives containing one or more enzymes, or by adding a combined additive comprising all of these enzymes. A detergent additive of the invention, i.e., a separate additive or a combined additive, can be formulated, for example, as a granulate, liquid, slurry, etc. Preferred detergent additive formulations are granulates, in particular non-dusting granulates as described above, liquids, in particular stabilized liquids, or slurries.
Typically, the detergent composition comprises (by weight of the composition) one or more surfactants in the range of 0% to 50%, preferably from 2% to 40%, more preferably from 5% to 35%, more preferably from 7% to 30%, most preferably from 10% to 25%, even most preferably from 15% to 20%. In a preferred embodiment the detergent is a liquid or powder detergent comprising less than 40%, preferably less than 30%, more preferably less than 25%, even more preferably less than 20% by weight of surfactant. The composition may comprise from 1% to 15%, preferably from 2% to 12%, 3% to 10%, most preferably from 4% to 8%, even most preferably from 4% to 6% of one or more surfactants. Preferred surfactants are anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the major part of the surfactant is anionic. Suitable anionic surfactants are well known in the art and may comprise fatty acid carboxylates (soap), branched-chain, linear-chain and random chain alkyl sulfates or fatty alcohol sulfates or primary alcohol sulfates or alkyl benzenesulfonates such as LAS and LAB or phenylalknesulfonates or alkenyl sulfonates or alkenyl benzenesulfonates or alkyl ethoxysulfates or fatty alcohol ether sulfates or alpha-olefin sulfonate or dodecenyl/tetradecnylsuccinic acid. The anionic surfactants may be alkoxylated. The detergent composition may also comprise from 1 wt % to 10 wt % of non-ionic surfactant, preferably from 2 wt % to 8 wt %, more preferably from 3 wt % to 7 wt %, even more preferably less than 5 wt % of non-ionic surfactant. Suitable non-ionic surfactants are well known in the art and may comprise alcohol ethoxylates, and/or alkyl ethoxylates, and/or alkylphenol ethoxylates, and/or glucamides such as fatty acid N-glucosyl N-methyl amides, and/or alkyl polyglucosides and/or mono- or diethanolamides or fatty acid amides. The detergent composition may also comprise from 0 wt % to 10 wt % of cationic surfactant, preferably from 0.1 wt % to 8 wt %, more preferably from 0.5 wt % to 7 wt %, even more preferably less than 5 wt % of cationic surfactant. Suitable cationic surfactants are well known in the art and may comprise alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, and/or alkyl pyridinium compounds and/or alkyl quaternary phosphonium compounds and/or alkyl ternary sulphonium compounds. The composition preferably comprises surfactant in an amount to provide from 100 ppm to 5,000 ppm surfactant in the wash liquor during the laundering process. The composition upon contact with water typically forms a wash liquor comprising from 0.5 g/I to 10 g/I detergent composition. Many suitable surface active compounds are available and fully described in the literature, for example, in “Surface-Active Agents and Detergents”, Volumes I and 11, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch.
The main role of builder is to sequester divalent metal ions (such as calcium and magnesium ions) from the wash solution that would otherwise interact negatively with the surfactant system. Builders are also effective at removing metal ions and inorganic soils from the fabric surface, leading to improved removal of particulate and beverage stains. Builders are also a source of alkalinity and buffer the pH of the wash water to a level of 9.5 to 11. The buffering capacity is also termed reserve alkalinity, and should preferably be greater than 4.
The detergent compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more detergent builders or builder systems. Many suitable builder systems are described in the literature, for example in Powdered Detergents, Surfactant science series volume 71, Marcel Dekker, Inc. Builder may comprise from 0% to 60%, preferably from 5% to 45%, more preferably from 10% to 40%, most preferably from 15% to 35%, even more preferably from 20% to 30% builder by weight of the subject composition. The composition may comprise from 0% to 15%, preferably from 1% to 12%, 2% to 10%, most preferably from 3% to 8%, even most preferably from 4% to 6% of builder by weight of the subject composition.
Builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (e.g., tripolyphosphate STPP), alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates, aluminosilicate builders (e.g., zeolite) and polycarboxylate compounds, ether hydroxypolycarboxylates, copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof. Ethanole amines (MEA, DEA, and TEA) may also contribute to the buffering capacity in liquid detergents.
The detergent compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more bleaching agents. In particular powdered detergents may comprise one or more bleaching agents. Suitable bleaching agents include other photobleaches, pre-formed peracids, sources of hydrogen peroxide, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, bleach catalysts and mixtures thereof.
In general, when a bleaching agent is used, the compositions of the present invention may comprise from about 0.1% to about 50% or even from about 0.1% to about 25% bleaching agent by weight of the subject cleaning composition. Examples of suitable bleaching agents include:
(1) other photobleaches for example Vitamin K3;
(2) preformed peracids: Suitable preformed peracids include, but are not limited to, compounds selected from the group consisting of percarboxylic acids and salts, percarbonic acids and salts, perimidic acids and salts, peroxymonosulfuric acids and salts, for example, Oxone, and mixtures thereof. Suitable percarboxylic acids include hydrophobic and hydrophilic peracids having the formula R—(C═O)O—O-M wherein R is an alkyl group, optionally branched, having, when the peracid is hydrophobic, from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and, when the peracid is hydrophilic, less than 6 carbon atoms or even less than 4 carbon atoms; and M is a counterion, for example, sodium, potassium or hydrogen;
(3) sources of hydrogen peroxide, for example, inorganic perhydrate salts, including alkali metal salts such as sodium salts of perborate (usually mono- or tetra-hydrate), percarbonate, persulphate, perphosphate, persilicate salts and mixtures thereof. In one aspect of the invention the inorganic perhydrate salts are selected from the group consisting of sodium salts of perborate, percarbonate and mixtures thereof. When employed, inorganic perhydrate salts are typically present in amounts of from 0.05 to 40 wt %, or 1 to 30 wt % of the overall composition and are typically incorporated into such compositions as a crystalline solid that may be coated. Suitable coatings include inorganic salts such as alkali metal silicate, carbonate or borate salts or mixtures thereof, or organic materials such as water-soluble or dispersible polymers, waxes, oils or fatty soaps. Useful bleaching compositions are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,576,282, and 6,306,812;
(4) bleach activators having R—(C═O)-L wherein R is an alkyl group, optionally branched, having, when the bleach activator is hydrophobic, from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and, when the bleach activator is hydrophilic, less than 6 carbon atoms or even less than 4 carbon atoms; and L is leaving group. Examples of suitable leaving groups are benzoic acid and derivatives thereof—especially benzene sulphonate. Suitable bleach activators include dodecanoyl oxybenzene sulphonate, decanoyl oxybenzene sulphonate, decanoyl oxybenzoic acid or salts thereof, 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulphonate, tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) and nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate (NOBS). Suitable bleach activators are also disclosed in WO 98/17767. While any suitable bleach activator may be employed, in one aspect of the invention the subject cleaning composition may comprise NOBS, TAED or mixtures thereof; and
(5) bleach catalysts that are capable of accepting an oxygen atom from peroxyacid and transferring the oxygen atom to an oxidizable substrate are described in WO 2008/007319. Suitable bleach catalysts include, but are not limited to: iminium cations and polyions; iminium zwitterions; modified amines; modified amine oxides; N-sulphonyl imines; N-phosphonyl imines; N-acyl imines; thiadiazole dioxides; perfluoroimines; cyclic sugar ketones and mixtures thereof. The bleach catalyst will typically be comprised in the detergent composition at a level of from 0.0005% to 0.2%, from 0.001% to 0.1%, or even from 0.005% to 0.05% by weight.
When present, the peracid and/or bleach activator is generally present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 60 wt %, from about 0.5 to about 40 wt % or even from about 0.6 to about 10 wt % based on the composition. One or more hydrophobic peracids or precursors thereof may be used in combination with one or more hydrophilic peracid or precursor thereof.
The amounts of hydrogen peroxide source and peracid or bleach activator may be selected such that the molar ratio of available oxygen (from the peroxide source) to peracid is from 1:1 to 35:1, or even 2:1 to 10:1.
Dispersants—The detergent compositions of the present invention can also contain dispersants. In particular powdered detergents may comprise dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials include the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents—The detergent compositions of the present invention may also include one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents. Suitable polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof. When present in a subject composition, the dye transfer inhibiting agents may be present at levels from about 0.0001% to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5% or even from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition.
Fluorescent whitening agent—The detergent compositions of the present invention will preferably also contain additional components that may tint articles being cleaned, such as fluorescent whitening agent or optical brighterners. Any fluorescent whitening agent suitable for use in a laundry detergent composition may be used in the composition of the present invention. The most commonly used fluorescent whitening agents are those belonging to the classes of diaminostilbene-sulphonic acid derivatives, diarylpyrazoline derivatives and bisphenyl-distyryl derivatives.
Preferred fluorescent whitening agents are Tinopal DMS and Tinopal CBS available from Ciba-Geigy AG, Basel, Switzerland. Tinopal DMS is the disodium salt of 4,4′-bis-(2-morpholino-4 anilino-s-triazin-6-ylamino) stilbene disulphonate. Tinopal CBS is the disodium salt of 2,2′-bis-(phenyl-styryl) disulphonate.
Also preferred are fluorescent whitening agents is the commercially available Parawhite KX, supplied by Paramount Minerals and Chemicals, Mumbai, India. Other fluorescers suitable for use in the invention include the 1-3-diaryl pyrazolines and the 7-alkylaminocoumarins.
Suitable fluorescent brightener levels include lower levels of from about 0.01, from 0.05, from about 0.1 or even from about 0.2 wt % to upper levels of 0.5 or even 0.75 wt %.
Fabric hueing agents—The detergent compositions of the present invention may also include fabric hueing agents such as dyes or pigments which when formulated in detergent compositions can deposit onto a fabric when said fabric is contacted with a wash liquor comprising said detergent compositions thus altering the tint of said fabric through absorption of visible light. Fluorescent whitening agents emit at least some visible light. In contrast, fabric hueing agents alter the tint of a surface as they absorb at least a portion of the visible light spectrum. Suitable fabric hueing agents include dyes and dye-clay conjugates, and may also include pigments. Suitable dyes include small molecule dyes and polymeric dyes. Suitable small molecule dyes include small molecule dyes selected from the group consisting of dyes falling into the Colour Index (C.I.) classifications of Direct Blue, Direct Red, Direct Violet, Acid Blue, Acid Red, Acid Violet, Basic Blue, Basic Violet and Basic Red, or mixtures thereof, for example as described in WO 2005/03274, WO 2005/03275, WO 2005/03276 and EP 1 876 226. The detergent composition preferably comprises from about 0.00003 wt % to about 0.2 wt %, from about 0.00008 wt % to about 0.05 wt %, or even from about 0.0001 wt % to about 0.04 wt % fabric hueing agent. The composition may comprise from 0.0001 wt % to 0.2 wt % fabric hueing agent, this may be especially preferred when the composition is in the form of a unit dose pouch.
Soil release polymers—The detergent compositions of the present invention may also include one or more soil release polymers which aid the removal of soils from fabrics such as cotton and polyester based fabrics, in particular the removal of hydrophobic soils from polyester based fabrics. The soil release polymers may for example be nonionic or anionic terephthalte based polymers, polyvinyl caprolactam and related copolymers, vinyl graft copolymers, polyester polyamides see for example Chapter 7 in Powdered Detergents, Surfactant science series, volume 71, Marcel Dekker, Inc. Another type of soil release polymers are amphiphilic alkoxylated grease cleaning polymers comprising a core structure and a plurality of alkoxylate groups attached to that core structure. The core structure may comprise a polyalkylenimine structure or a polyalkanolamine structure as described in detail in WO 2009/087523. Furthermore random graft co-polymers are suitable soil release polymers Suitable graft co-polymers are described in more detail in WO 2007/138054, WO 2006/108856 and WO 2006/113314. Other soil release polymers are substituted polysaccharide structures especially substituted cellulosic structures such as modified cellulose deriviatives such as those described in EP 1 867 808 or WO 2003/040279. Suitable cellulosic polymers include cellulose, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amides and mixtures thereof. Suitable cellulosic polymers include anionically modified cellulose, nonionically modified cellulose, cationically modified cellulose, zwitterionically modified cellulose, and mixtures thereof. Suitable cellulosic polymers include methyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, ester carboxy methyl cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
Anti-redeposition agents—The detergent compositions of the present invention may also include one or more anti-redeposition agents such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyoxyethylene and/or polyethyleneglycol (PEG), homopolymers of acrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid, and ethoxylated polyethyleneimines. The cellulose based polymers described under soil release polymers above may also function as anti-redeposition agents.
Other suitable adjunct materials include, but are not limited to, anti-shrink agents, anti-wrinkling agents, bactericides, binders, carriers, dyes, enzyme stabilizers, fabric softeners, fillers, foam regulators, hydrotropes, perfumes, pigments, sod suppressors, solvents, structurants for liquid detergents and/or structure elasticizing agents.
In one aspect the detergent is a compact fluid laundry detergent composition comprising: a) at least about 10%, preferably from 20 to 80% by weight of the composition, of surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, non ionic surfactants, soap and mixtures thereof; b) from about 1% to about 30%, preferably from 5 to 30%, by weight of the composition, of water; c) from about 1% to about 15%, preferably from 3 to 10% by weight of the composition, of non-aminofunctional solvent; and d) from about 5% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, of a performance additive selected from chelants, soil release polymers, enzymes and mixtures thereof; wherein the compact fluid laundry detergent composition comprises at least one of: (i) the surfactant has a weight ratio of the anionic surfactant to the nonionic surfactant from about 1.5:1 to about 5:1, the surfactant comprises from about 15% to about 40%, by weight of the composition, of anionic surfactant and comprises from about 5% to about 40%, by weight of the composition, of the soap; (ii) from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of a suds boosting agent selected from suds boosting polymers, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amine oxide surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof; and (ii) both (i) and (ii). All the ingredients are described in WO 2007/130562. Further polymers useful in detergent formulations are described in WO 2007/149806.
In another aspect the detergent is a compact granular (powdered) detergent comprising a) at least about 10%, preferably from 15 to 60% by weight of the composition, of surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, soap and mixtures thereof; b) from about 10 to 80% by weight of the composition, of a builder, preferably from 20% to 60% where the builder may be a mixture of builders selected from i) phosphate builder, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% even more preferably less than 5% of the total builder is a phosphate builder; ii) a zeolite builder, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% even more preferably less than 5% of the total builder is a zeolite builder; iii) citrate, preferably 0 to 5% of the total builder is a citrate builder; iv) polycarboxylate, preferably 0 to 5% of the total builder is a polycarboxylate builder v) carbonate, preferably 0 to 30% of the total builder is a carbonate builder and vi) sodium silicates, preferably 0 to 20% of the total builder is a sodium silicate builder; c) from about 0% to 25% by weight of the composition, of fillers such as sulphate salts, preferably from 1% to 15%, more preferably from 2% to 10%, more preferably from 3% to 5% by weight of the composition, of fillers; and d) from about 0.1% to 20% by weight of the composition, of enzymes, preferably from 1% to 15%, more preferably from 2% to 10% by weight of the composition, of enzymes.
The soils and stains that are important for detergent formulators are composed of many different substances, and a range of different enzymes, all with different substrate specificities have been developed for use in detergents both in relation to laundry and hard surface cleaning, such as dishwashing. These enzymes are considered to provide an enzyme detergency benefit, since they specifically improve stain removal in the cleaning process they are applied in as compared to the same process without enzymes. Stain removing enzymes that are known in the art include enzymes such as carbohydrases, amylases, proteases, lipases, cellulases, hemicellulases, xylanases, cutinases, and pectinase.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention the mannanase of the invention may be combined with at least two enzymes. These additional enzymes are described in details in the section “other enzymes”, more preferred at least three, four or five enzymes. Preferably, the enzymes have different substrate specificity, e.g., carbolytic activity, proteolytic activity, amylolytic activity, lipolytic activity, hemicellulytic activity or pectolytic activity. The enzyme combination may for example be a mannanase of the invention with another stain removing enzyme, e.g., a mannanase of the invention and a protease, a mannanase of the invention and a serine protease, a mannanase of the invention and an amylase, a mannanase of the invention and a cellulase, mannanase of the invention and a lipase, a mannanase of the invention and a cutinase, a mannanase of the invention and a pectinase or a mannanase of the invention and an anti-redeposition enzyme. More preferably, the mannanase of the invention is combined with at least two other stain removing enzymes, e.g., a mannanase of the invention, a lipase and an amylase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease and an amylase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease and a lipase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease and a pectinase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease and a cellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease and a hemicellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease and a cutinase; or a mannanase of the invention, an amylase and a pectinase; or a mannanase of the invention, an amylase and a cutinase; or a mannanase of the invention, an amylase and a cellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, an amylase and a hemicellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, a lipase and a pectinase; or a mannanase of the invention, a lipase and a cutinase; or a mannanase of the invention, a lipase and a cellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, a lipase and a hemicellulase. Even more preferably, a mannanase of the invention may be combined with at least three other stain removing enzymes, e.g., a mannanase of the invention, a protease, a lipase and an amylase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease, an amylase and a pectinase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease, an amylase and a cutinase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease, an amylase and a cellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease, an amylase and a hemicellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, an amylase, a lipase and a pectinase; or a mannanase of the invention, an amylase, a lipase and a cutinase; or a mannanase of the invention, an amylase, a lipase and a cellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, an amylase, a lipase and a hemicellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease, a lipase and a pectinase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease, a lipase and a cutinase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease, a lipase and a cellulase; or a mannanase of the invention, a protease, a lipase and a hemicellulase. A mannanase according to the present invention may be combined with any of the enzymes selected from the non-exhaustive list comprising: carbohydrases, such as an amylase, a hemicellulase, a pectinase, a cellulase, a xanthanase or a pullulanase, a peptidase, a protease or a lipase.
In a preferred embodiment, a mannanase of the invention is combined with a serine protease, e.g., an S8 family protease such as Savinase®.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a mannanase of the invention may be combined with one or more metalloproteases, such as an M4 metalloprotease, including Neutrase® or Thermolysin. Such combinations may further comprise combinations of the other detergent enzymes as outlined above.
The cleaning process or the textile care process may for example be a laundry process, a dishwashing process or cleaning of hard surfaces such as bathroom tiles, floors, table tops, drains, sinks and washbasins. Laundry processes can for example be household laundering, but it may also be industrial laundering. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for laundering of fabrics and/or garments where the process comprises treating fabrics with a washing solution containing a detergent composition, and at least one mannanase of the invention. The cleaning process or a textile care process can for example be carried out in a machine washing process or in a manual washing process. The washing solution can for example be an aqueous washing solution containing a detergent composition.
The fabrics and/or garments subjected to a washing, cleaning or textile care process of the present invention may be conventional washable laundry, for example household laundry. Preferably, the major part of the laundry is garments and fabrics, including knits, woven, denims, non-woven, felts, yarns, and towelling. The fabrics may be cellulose based such as natural cellulosics, including cotton, flax, linen, jute, ramie, sisal or coir or manmade cellulosics (e.g., originating from wood pulp) including viscose/rayon, ramie, cellulose acetate fibers (tricell), lyocell or blends thereof. The fabrics may also be non-cellulose based such as natural polyamides including wool, camel, cashmere, mohair, rabit and silk or synthetic polymer such as nylon, aramid, polyester, acrylic, polypropylen and spandex/elastane, or blends thereof as well as blend of cellulose based and non-cellulose based fibers. Examples of blends are blends of cotton and/or rayon/viscose with one or more companion material such as wool, synthetic fibers (e.g., polyamide fibers, acrylic fibers, polyester fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyurea fibers, aramid fibers), and cellulose-containing fibers (e.g., rayon/viscose, ramie, flax, linen, jute, cellulose acetate fibers, lyocell).
The last few years there has been an increasing interest in replacing components in detergents, which is derived from petrochemicals with renewable biological components such as enzymes and polypeptides without compromising the wash performance. When the components of detergent compositions change new enzyme activities or new enzymes having alternative and/or improved properties compared to the common used detergent enzymes such as proteases, lipases and amylases is needed to achieve a similar or improved wash performance when compared to the traditional detergent compositions.
Typical detergent compositions includes various components in addition to the enzymes, these components have different effects, some components like the surfactants lower the surface tension in the detergent, which allows the stain being cleaned to be lifted and dispersed and then washed away, other components like bleach systems removes discolor often by oxidation and many bleaches also have strong bactericidal properties, and are used for disinfecting and sterilizing. Yet other components like builder and chelator softens, e.g., the wash water by removing the metal ions from the liquid.
In a particular embodiment, the invention concerns the use of a composition comprising a mannanase of the invention, wherein said enzyme composition further comprises at least one or more of the following a surfactant, a builder, a chelator or chelating agent, bleach system or bleach component in laundry or dish wash.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the amount of a surfactant, a builder, a chelator or chelating agent, bleach system and/or bleach component are reduced compared to amount of surfactant, builder, chelator or chelating agent, bleach system and/or bleach component used without the added mannanase of the invention. Preferably the at least one component which is a surfactant, a builder, a chelator or chelating agent, bleach system and/or bleach component is present in an amount that is 1% less, such as 2% less, such as 3% less, such as 4% less, such as 5% less, such as 6% less, such as 7% less, such as 8% less, such as 9% less, such as 10% less, such as 15% less, such as 20% less, such as 25% less, such as 30% less, such as 35% less, such as 40% less, such as 45% less, such as 50% less than the amount of the component in the system without the addition of mannanase of the invention, such as a conventional amount of such component. In one aspect, the mannanase of the invention is used in detergent compositions wherein said composition is free of at least one component which is a surfactant, a builder, a chelator or chelating agent, bleach system or bleach component and/or polymer.
The detergent compositions of the present invention are ideally suited for use in laundry applications. Accordingly, the present invention includes a method for laundering a fabric. The method comprises the steps of contacting a fabric to be laundered with a cleaning laundry solution comprising the detergent composition according to the invention. The fabric may comprise any fabric capable of being laundered in normal consumer use conditions. The solution preferably has a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8. The compositions may be employed at concentrations of from about 100 ppm, preferably 500 ppm to about 15,000 ppm in solution. The water temperatures typically range from about 5° C. to about 90° C., including about 10° C., about 15° C., about 20° C., about 25° C., about 30° C., about 35° C., about 40° C., about 45° C., about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C., about 80° C., about 85° C. and about 90° C. The water to fabric ratio is typically from about 1:1 to about 30:1.
In particular embodiments, the washing method is conducted at a pH of from about 5.0 to about 11.5, or in alternative embodiments, even from about 6 to about 10.5, such as about 5 to about 11, about 5 to about 10, about 5 to about 9, about 5 to about 8, about 5 to about 7, about 5.5 to about 11, about 5.5 to about 10, about 5.5 to about 9, about 5.5 to about 8, about 5.5. to about 7, about 6 to about 11, about 6 to about 10, about 6 to about 9, about 6 to about 8, about 6 to about 7, about 6.5 to about 11, about 6.5 to about 10, about 6.5 to about 9, about 6.5 to about 8, about 6.5 to about 7, about 7 to about 11, about 7 to about 10, about 7 to about 9, or about 7 to about 8, preferably about 5.5 to about 9, and more preferably about 6 to about 8.
In particular embodiments, the washing method is conducted at a degree of hardness of from about 0°dH to about 30°dH, such as about 1°dH, about 2°dH, about 3°dH, about 4°dH, about 5°dH, about 6°dH, about 7°dH, about 8°dH, about 9°dH, about 10°dH, about 11°dH, about 12°dH, about 13°dH, about 14°dH, about 15°dH, about 16°dH, about 17°dH, about 18°dH, about 19°dH, about 20°dH, about 21°dH, about 22°dH, about 23°dH, about 24°dH, about 25°dH, about 26°dH, about 27°dH, about 28°dH, about 29°dH, about 30°dH. Under typical European wash conditions, the degree of hardness is about 15°dH, under typical US wash conditions about 6°dH, and under typical Asian wash conditions, about 3°dH.
The present invention relates to a method of cleaning a fabric, a dishware or hard surface with a detergent composition comprising a mannanase of the invention.
A preferred embodiment concerns a method of cleaning, said method comprising the steps of: contacting an object with a cleaning composition comprising a mannanase of the invention under conditions suitable for cleaning said object. In a preferred embodiment the cleaning composition is a detergent composition and the process is a laundry or a dish wash process.
Still another embodiment relates to a method for removing stains from fabric which comprises contacting said a fabric with a composition comprising a mannanase of the invention under conditions suitable for cleaning said object.
One embodiment of the invention concerns a method of doing laundry, dish wash or industrial cleaning comprising contacting a surface to be cleaned with a mannanase of the invention, and wherein said laundry, dish wash, industrial or institutional cleaning is performed at a temperature of about 40° C. or below. One embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a mannanase in laundry, dish wash or a cleaning process wherein the temperature in laundry, dish wash, industrial cleaning is about 40° C. or below
In another embodiment, the invention concerns the use of a mannanase according to the invention in a protein removing process, wherein the temperature in the protein removing process is about 40° C. or below.
In each of the above-identified methods and uses, the wash temperature is about 40° C. or below, such as about 39° C. or below, such as about 38° C. or below, such as about 37° C. or below, such as about 36° C. or below, such as about 35° C. or below, such as about 34° C. or below, such as about 33° C. or below, such as about 32° C. or below, such as about 31° C. or below, such as about 30° C. or below, such as about 29° C. or below, such as about 28° C. or below, such as about 27° C. or below, such as about 26° C. or below, such as about 25° C. or below, such as about 24° C. or below, such as about 23° C. or below, such as about 22° C. or below, such as about 21° C. or below, such as about 20° C. or below, such as about 19° C. or below, such as about 18° C. or below, such as about 17° C. or below, such as about 16° C. or below, such as about 15° C. or below, such as about 14° C. or below, such as about 13° C. or below, such as about 12° C. or below, such as about 11° C. or below, such as about 10° C. or below, such as about 9° C. or below, such as about 8° C. or below, such as about 7° C. or below, such as about 6° C. or below, such as about 5° C. or below, such as about 4° C. or below, such as about 3° C. or below, such as about 2° C. or below, such as about 1° C. or below.
In another preferred embodiment, the wash temperature is in the range of about 5-40° C., such as about 5-30° C., about 5-20° C., about 5-10° C., about 10-40° C., about 10-30° C., about 10-20° C., about 15-40° C., about 15-30° C., about 15-20° C., about 20-40° C., about 20-30° C., about 25-40° C., about 25-30° C., or about 30-40° C. In particular preferred embodiments the wash temperature is about 20° C., about 30° C., or about 40° C.
1. A polypeptide having mannanase activity, selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a polypeptide having at least 75% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2;
(b) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under medium stringency conditions with (i) the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or (ii) the full-length complement of (i);
(c) a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 75% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1;
(d) a variant of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion at one or more positions; and
(e) a fragment of the polypeptide of (a), (b), (c), or (d) that has mannanase activity.
2. The polypeptide of paragraph 1, having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
3. The polypeptide of paragraph 1 or 2, which is encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under low stringency conditions, low-medium stringency conditions, medium stringency conditions, medium-high stringency conditions, high stringency conditions, or very high stringency conditions with (i) the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or (ii) the full-length complement of (i) or (ii).
4. The polypeptide of any of paragraphs 1-3, which is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
5. The polypeptide of any of paragraphs 1-4, comprising or consisting of SEQ ID NO: 2 or the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
6. The polypeptide of paragraph 5, wherein the mature polypeptide is amino acids 1 to 452 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
7. The polypeptide of any of paragraphs 1-4, which is a variant of the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion at one or more positions.
8. The polypeptide of paragraph 1, which is a fragment of SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the fragment has mannanase activity.
9. A composition comprising the polypeptide of any of paragraphs 1-8.
10. The composition of paragraph 9, further comprising one or more detergent components.
11. The composition of any of paragraphs 9 or 10, wherein the detergent component is selected from surfactants, hydrotropes, builders, co-builders, chelators, bleach components, polymers, fabric hueing agents, fabric conditioners, foam boosters, suds suppressors, dispersants, dye transfer inhibitors, fluorescent whitening agents, perfume, optical brighteners, bactericides, fungicides, soil suspending agents, soil release polymers, anti-redeposition agents, enzyme inhibitors, enzyme stabilizers, enzyme activators, antioxidants, and solubilizers.
12. The composition of any of paragraphs 9-11, further comprising one or more additional enzymes.
13. The composition of any of paragraphs 9-12, further comprising an enzyme selected from the group consisting of amylases, proteases, proteases, peroxidases, cellulases, betaglucanases, xyloglucanases, hemicellulases, xanthanases, xanthan lyases, lipases, acyl transferases, phospholipases, esterases, laccases, catalases, aryl esterases, amylases, alpha-amylases, glucoamylases, cutinases, pectinases, pectate lyases, keratinases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, carrageenases, pullulanases, tannases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidases, chondroitinases, xyloglucanases, xylanases, pectin acetyl esterases, polygalacturonases, rhamnogalacturonases, other endo-beta-mannanases, exo-beta-mannanases, pectin methylesterases, cellobiohydrolases, transglutaminases, and combinations thereof.
14. Use of a composition according to any of paragraphs 9-13 for degrading mannan, such as linear mannan, galactomannan, glucomannan and galactoglucomannan.
15. The use of paragraph 14 for controlling the viscosity of drilling fluids.
16. The use of paragraph 14 for washing or cleaning a textile and/or a hard surface such as dish wash.
17. The use of the composition according to any of paragraphs 9-13 for laundering and/or hard surface cleaning, wherein the composition has an enzyme detergency benefit.
18. A food or feed composition and/or food additive comprising the polypeptide of any of paragraphs 1-8.
19. A process for preparing a food or feed composition and/or food or feed additive, comprising mixing the polypeptide of any of paragraphs 1-8 with one or more food or feed and/or food or feed additive ingredients.
20. The use of the composition of paragraph 9 in the preparation of a food or feed composition and/or food or feed additive and/or food or feed stuff.
21. A process for degrading mannan, such as linear mannan, galactomannan, glucomannan and galactoglucomannan, comprising applying a composition comprising any of paragraphs 1-8 to the mannan.
22. The process of paragraph 21, wherein the mannan is on the surface of a textile or hard surface, such as dish wash.
23. The process of paragraph 21, wherein the mannan is used in fracturing of a subterranean formation perpetrated by a well bore.
24. The process of paragraph 21, wherein the mannan is a component in borehole filtercake.
25. A process for producing a coffee extract, comprising the steps:
(a) providing roast and ground coffee beans;
(b) adding to said coffee beans water and a polypeptide of any of paragraphs 1-8;
(c) incubating to make an aqueous coffee extract; and
(d) separating the coffee extract from the extracted coffee beans.
26. A process for degrading a cellulosic material, comprising: treating the cellulosic material with an enzyme composition in the presence of the polypeptide having mannanase activity of any of paragraphs 1-8.
27. A process for producing a fermentation product, comprising:
The present invention is further described by the following examples that should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
For estimating the mannose yield after substrate hydrolysis, a reducing end assay developed by Lever (1972), Anal. Biochem. 47: 273-279, was used. The assay is based on 4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide, which under alkaline conditions reacts with the reducing ends of saccharides. The product is a strong yellow anion, which absorbs at 410 nm.
4-Hydroxybenzhydrazide (PAHBAH) (Sigma,H9882) was diluted in PAHBAH buffer to a concentration of 15 mg/ml. PAHBAH buffer contained: 50 g/L K—Na-tartrate (Merck, 1.08087) and 20 g/L sodium hydroxide (Sigma, S8045). This PAHBAH mix was made just before usage.
70 μl PAHBAH mix and MiliQ water were mixed in a 96 well PCR plate (Thermo Scientific). Samples from hydrolysis experiment were added. Samples and MiliQ always reached the total volume of 150 μl, but the dilution of the sample differed. The plate was sealed with Adhesive PCR Sealing Foil Sheets (Thermo Scientific). Plates were incubated at 95° C. for 10 min, cooled down and kept at 10° C. for 1 min in PTC-200 Thermal Cycler (MJ Research). 100 μl sample was transferred to a 96 well microtiter plate, flat bottomed (Nunc™) and color development measured at 405 nm on a SpectraMax 190 Absorbance Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices). Results were compared to mannose standards, that had undergone the same treatment and dilution as the samples to which they were compared.
The mannanase was derived from a fungal strain isolated in Denmark. Chromosomal DNA from a pure culture was purified and subjected to full genome sequencing using Illumina technology. The assembled genome sequence and subsequent analysis of the ITS sequences indicated that the correct taxonomical identification was as a new strain of the species Preussia aemulans.
A gene encoding a GH26 mannanase with the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2, respectively, was identified. The encoded protein is 470 amino acids. Using the SignalP program (Nielsen et al., 1997, Protein Engineering 10: 1-6), a signal peptide of 18 residues was determined. The mature protein contains 452 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 50 kDa and an isoelectric pH of 5.1.
The gene encoding the GH26 beta-1,4-mannanase was amplified by PCR and cloned in the expression vector pDau109 (WO 2005/042735) by a IN-FUSION™ Cloning Kit (BD Biosciences, Palo Alto, Calif., USA). Cloning of the Preussia aemulans GH26 mannanase gene into Bam HI-Xho I digested pDau109 resulted in the transcription of the Preussia aemulans GH26 mannanase gene under the control of a NA2-tpi double promoter. NA2-tpi is a modified promoter from the gene encoding the Aspergillus niger neutral alpha-amylase in which the untranslated leader has been replaced by an untranslated leader from the gene encoding the Aspergillus nidulans triose phosphate isomerase.
The Preussia aemulans GH26 mannanase gene containing expression plasmid was transformed into Aspergillus oryzae MT3568. Aspergillus oryzae MT3568 is an AMDS (acetamidase) disrupted derivative of JaL355 (WO 02/40694) in which pyrG auxotrophy was restored in the process of knocking out the Aspergillus oryzae acetamidase (AMDS) gene. MT3568 protoplasts are prepared according to the method of European Patent No. 0238023, pages 14-15, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Transformants were purified on COVE sucrose selection plates through single conidia prior to sporulating them on PDA plates. Production of the Preussia aemulans GH26 polypeptide by the transformants was analyzed from culture supernatants of 1 ml 96 deep well stationary cultivations at 30° C. in YP+2% glucose medium. Expression was verified on an E-Page 8% SDS-PAGE 48 well gel (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) by Coomassie staining. Subsequently, a recombinant Aspergillus oryzae clone containing the integrated expression construct was grown in liquid culture.
The culture broth was collected by filtration through a bottle top MF75 Supor MachV 0.2 μm PES filter (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Roskilde, Denmark) in order to remove the rest of the Aspergillus oryzae host cells. The filtrated sample was adjusted to around pH 7.5 and 1.8M ammonium sulfate was added. The sample was applied to a 5 ml HiTrap™ Phenyl (HS) column on an Akta Explorer. Prior to loading, the column had been equilibrated in 5 column volumes (CV) of 50 mM HEPES+1.8M AMS pH 7. In order to remove unbound material, the column was washed with 5 CV of 50 mM HEPES+1.8M AMS pH 7. The target protein was eluted from the column into a 10 ml loop using 50 mM HEPES+20% isopropanol pH 7. From the loop, the sample was loaded onto a desalting column (HiPrep™ 26/10 Desalting), which had been equilibrated with 3CV of 50 mM HEPES+100 mM NaCl pH 7.0. The target protein was eluted with 50 mM HEPES+100 mM NaCl pH 7.0 and relevant fractions were selected and pooled based on the chromatogram.
The thermostability of the enzymes was determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) using a VP-Capillary Differential Scanning Calorimeter (MicroCal Inc., Piscataway, N.J., USA). The thermal denaturation temperature, Td (° C.), was taken as the top of denaturation peak (major endothermic peak) in thermograms (Cp vs. T) obtained after heating enzyme solutions (approx. 0.5 mg/ml) in buffer (50 mM acetate, pH 5.0 or 50 mM Hepes pH 8 or 50 mM Glycine pH 10) at a constant programmed heating rate of 200 K/hr.
Sample- and reference-solutions (approx. 0.2 ml) were loaded into the calorimeter (reference: buffer without enzyme) from storage conditions at 10° C. and thermally pre-equilibrated for 20 minutes at 20° C. prior to DSC scan from 20° C. to 100° C. Denaturation temperatures were determined at an accuracy of approximately +/−1° C.
The wash performance in laundry washing is assessed using the Automatic Mechanical Stress Assay (AMSA). With the AMSA, the wash performance of a large quantity of small volume enzyme-detergent solutions can be examined. The AMSA plate has a number of slots for test solutions and a lid firmly squeezing the laundry sample, the textile to be washed against all the slot openings. During the washing time, the plate, test solutions, textile and lid are vigorously shaken to bring the test solution in contact with the textile and apply mechanical stress in a regular, periodic oscillating manner.
The wash performance is measured as the brightness of the colour of the textile washed. Brightness can also be expressed as the intensity of the light reflected from the sample when illuminated with white light. When the sample is stained the intensity of the reflected light is lower, than that of a clean sample. Therefore the intensity of the reflected light can be used to measure wash performance.
Colour measurements are made with a professional flatbed scanner (Kodak iQsmart, Kodak, Midtager 29, DK-2605 Brondby, Denmark), which is used to capture an image of the washed textile.
To extract a value for the light intensity from the scanned images, 24-bit pixel values from the image are converted into values for red, green and blue (RGB). The intensity value (Int) is calculated by adding the RGB values together as vectors and then taking the length of the resulting vector:
Int=√{square root over (r2+g2+b2)}
The experiments were conducted as described in the Automatic Mechanical Stress Assay (AMSA) for laundry method using a 1 cycle wash procedure and the experimental conditions specified in table 2.
Water hardness was adjusted by addition of CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaHCO3 to the test system. After washing the textiles were flushed in tap water and air-dried. Two types of swatch were used; these are commercial test materials, CS-43, Guar gum with carbon black on cotton and CS-73, Locust bean gum with pigment on cotton, available from Center For Testmaterials BV, Stoomloggerweg 11, 3133 KT Vlaardingen, the Netherlands.
Results are presented for four doses of each enzyme. Each number is the delta intensity (ΔInt) calculated by subtracting either the buffer or detergent blank. Each measurement is the average of minimum 4 separate wells in the AMSA set up.
The GH26 Mannanases perform as well as GH5 standard, the commercial enzyme Mannaway. The enzymes are superior at removing the guar gum, performing up to twice as well as Mannaway.
The terg-o-tometer is an industry standard. 1 L of wash solution is incubated in a water bath temperature controlled environment. The solution was mixed for 5 min before adding 1 L to each of the beakers. The temperature in the beakers was measured to be 20.0° C. The washed and rinsed swatches were left to dry overnight in a drying cabinet, and measured as indicated below.
Here, the stains used were food based commercially available stains manufactured by Warwick Equest Ltd., Unit 55, Consett Business Park, Consett, County Durham, DH8 6BN UK; or a combination of food and technical stains provided by Center For Testmaterials BV, Stoomloggerweg 11, 3133 KT Vlaardingen, the Netherlands.
Wash performance is expressed as a delta remission value (ΔRem). After washing and rinsing the swatches were spread out flat and allowed to air dry at room temperature overnight. Light reflectance evaluations of the swatches were done using a Macbeth Color Eye 7000 reflectance spectrophotometer with large aperture. The measurements were made without UV in the incident light and remission at 460 nm was extracted. The dry swatches were measured with ColorEye 2. Measurement with small aperture through 3 layers (3 of the same type of swatch from the same beaker), 2 measurements on each swatch on the front side marked with beaker and swatch number. Remission values for individual swatches were calculated by subtracting the remission value of the control swatch from the remission value of the washed swatch. Calculating the enzyme effect is done by taking the measurements from washed swatches with enzymes and subtract with the measurements from washed without enzyme for each stain. The total enzyme performance is calculated as the average of individual ΔRemenzyme.
The GH26 Mannanases perform as well as GH5 standard, the commercial enzyme Mannaway. The enzymes are superior at removing the guar gum technical stain, performing up to twice as well as Mannaway.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15179864.2 | Aug 2015 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/068710 | 8/4/2016 | WO | 00 |
