The present disclosure relates generally to hybrid optical fiber and electrical communication systems.
Rapid growth of portable high-speed wireless transceiver devices (e.g., smart phones, tablets, laptop computers, etc.) continues in today's market, thereby creating higher demand for untethered contact. Thus, there is growing demand for integrated voice, data and video capable of being transmitted wirelessly at data rates of 10 Gbits/second and faster. To provide the bandwidth needed to support this demand will require the cost effective and efficient deployment of additional fixed location transceivers (i.e., cell sites or nodes) for generating both large and small wireless coverage areas. Fiber optic technology is becoming more prevalent as service providers strive to deliver higher bandwidth communication capabilities to customers/subscribers. The phrase “fiber to the x” (FTTX) generically refers to any network architecture that uses optical fiber in place of copper within a local distribution area. Example FTTX networks include fiber-to-the-node (FTTN) networks, fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) networks, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), and more generally, fiber-to-the-wireless (FTTW).
In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, examples of a power and optical fiber interface system include a housing having an interior. A cable inlet is configured to receive a hybrid cable having an electrical conductor and an optical fiber. An insulation displacement connector (IDC) is situated in the interior of the housing configured to electrically terminate the conductor, and a cable outlet is configured to receive an output cable that is connectable to the IDC and configured to output signals received via the optical fiber.
In accordance with further aspects of the disclosure, examples of the disclosed system include a power converter, such as a DC-DC converter electrically connected to the IDC. An optical fiber management device, such as an optical splice device, is situated in the interior of the housing and configured to receive the optical fiber. A media board is included in some embodiments that is configured to convert optical signals to electrical signals. In some implementations, the IDC includes a housing with a fiber pass-through groove configured to route optical fibers through the housing of the IDC, and first and second conductor grooves are situated on either side of the fiber pass-through groove to receive first and second conductors.
Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a powered fiber optic system. The powered fiber optic system includes a first location including a power source and fiber optic network access and a plurality of active devices remotely positioned with respect to the first location. The powered fiber optic system further includes a plurality of hybrid cables routed from the first location toward the active devices. The hybrid cables include optical fibers for transmitting optical signals and electrical conductors for carrying power. The powered fiber optic system further includes interface devices mounted adjacent to the active devices for providing interfaces between the hybrid cables and the active devices. The interface devices include electrical power management circuitry positioned within the closure for providing DC-to-DC voltage conversion within the closure and also include circuit protection circuitry for providing current surge protection.
A further aspect of the present disclosure relates to an interface device for providing an interface between a hybrid cable and an active device. The interface device includes a closure adapted for outside environmental use and a cable anchoring structure for securing a hybrid cable to the closure. The hybrid cable is configured to carry both electrical power and optical signals. The interface device also includes electrical power management circuitry positioned within the closure for providing DC-to-DC voltage conversion within the closure. The electrical power management circuitry is customizable to output one of a plurality of different DC voltage levels such that the DC output level can be matched with a power requirement of the active device. The interface device also includes electrical protection circuitry positioned within the closure and an output configuration for outputting power and communications signals from the interface device to the active device. The output configuration has a format that is customizable and selectable from a plurality of formats that include all of the following formats: a) a power over Ethernet format or a power over Ethernet plus format; and b) a format including one or more optical fibers for the optical signals and separate electrical conductors for power.
In the following Detailed Description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology, such as top, bottom, front, back, etc., is used with reference to the orientation of the Figure(s) being described. Because components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense.
The wireless coverage area defining equipment 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e and 12f can each include one or more wireless transceivers 22. The transceivers 22 can include single transceivers 22 or distributed arrays of transceivers 22. As used herein, a “wireless transceiver” is a device or arrangement of devices capable of transmitting and receiving wireless signals. A wireless transceiver typically includes an antenna for enhancing receiving and transmitting the wireless signals. Wireless coverage areas are defined around each of the wireless coverage area defining equipment 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e and 12f. Wireless coverage areas can also be referred to as cells, cellular coverage areas, wireless coverage zones, or like terms. Examples of and/or alternative terms for wireless transceivers include radio-heads, wireless routers, cell sites, wireless nodes, etc.
In the depicted example of
The wireless coverage area defining equipment 12 are often located in areas without power outlets conveniently located. As noted above, the hybrid cable 20 provides both power and data to the equipment 12.
The outer jacket 200 can include a left portion 206, a right portion 208 and a central portion 210. The left portion 206, the right portion 208 and the central portion 210 can be positioned along the major axis 202 with the central portion 210 being disposed between the left portion 206 and the right portion 208. The left portion 206 can define a left passage 212, the right portion 208 can define a right passage 214 and the central portion 210 can define a central passage 216. The passages 212, 214 and 216 can have lengths that extend along a central longitudinal axis 218 of the cable 20 for the length of the cable. A left electrical conductor 220 is shown positioned within the left passage 212, a right electrical conductor 222 is shown positioned within the right passage 214 and at least one optical fiber 224 is shown positioned within the central passage 216. Certain embodiments include from 1 to 12 fibers 224, for example. The left electrical conductor 220, the right electrical conductor 222 and the optical fiber 224 have lengths that extend along the central longitudinal axis 218 of the cable 20.
Still referring to
It will be appreciated that the left and right electrical conductors 220, 222 have a construction suitable for carrying electricity. It will be appreciated that the electrical conductors can have a solid or stranded construction. Example sizes of the electrical conductors include 12 gauge, 16 gauge, or other sizes.
The outer jacket 200 is preferably constructed of a polymeric material. In one example, the hybrid cable 20 and the outer jacket 200 are plenum rated. In certain examples, the outer jacket 200 can be manufactured of a fire-retardant plastic material. In certain examples, the outer jacket 200 can be manufactured of a low smoke zero halogen material. Example materials for the outer jacket include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP), polyolefin formulations including, for example, polyethylene, and other materials.
The central passage 216 can contain one or more optical fibers 224. In certain examples, the optical fibers 224 can be coated optical fibers having cores less than 12 microns in diameter, cladding layers less than 240 microns in diameter, and coating layers less than 300 microns in diameter. It will be appreciated that the core and cladding layers typically include a silica based material. In certain examples, the cladding layer can have an index of a refraction that is less than the index of refraction of the core to allow optical signals that are transmitted through the optical fibers to be confined generally to the core. It will be appreciated that in certain examples, multiple cladding layers can be provided. In certain examples, optical fibers can include bend insensitive optical fibers having multiple cladding layers separated by trench layers. In certain examples, protective coatings (e.g., a polymeric material) can form coating layers around the cladding layers. In certain examples, the coating layers can have diameters less than 300 microns, or less than 260 microns, or in the range of 240 to 260 microns. In certain examples, the optical fibers 224 can be unbuffered. In other examples, the optical fibers can include a tight buffer layer, a loose buffer layer, or a semi-tight buffer layer. In certain examples, the buffer layers can have an outer diameter of about 800 to 1,000 microns. The optical fibers can include single mode optical fibers, multi-mode optical fibers, bend insensitive fibers or other fibers. In still other embodiments, the optical fibers 224 can be ribbonized.
As shown at
Referring back to
Referring again to
As noted above, the electrical conductors 220, 222 could be 12 gauge (AWG) or 16 gauge, for example. In certain examples, a 12 gauge conductor 220, 220 provides up to 1175 meter reach at 15 W, and a 750 meter reach for 25 W devices. The 16 gauge implementations can provide reduced cost for shorter reach applications or lower power devices, for example.
Providing power to remote active devices such as the wireless coverage area defining equipment 12 is often difficult and expensive. Providing required power protection and backup power further complicates powering such remote devices. Optical Network Terminals (ONT's) and Small Cell devices (such as picocells and metrocells) have “similar” power requirements. For example, 25 W, 12 VDC or 48 VDC devices are common, although variations occur.
The system 300 includes a fiber patch panel 302 that terminates optical fibers carrying signals to be distributed to the desired wireless coverage area defining equipment 12 via the optical fibers 224 of the hybrid cables 20. A power supply 304 connects to the conductors 220, 222 of the desired hybrid cable 20. In some examples, the power supply 304 receives 120/220 VAC and provides 48 VDC nominal. In some embodiments, the fiber patch panel 302 and power supply 304 are rack mounted.
A first end 306 of the hybrid cable 20 is connected to the appropriate optical fibers from the fiber patch panel 302 and to the power supply 304. A second, distant end 308 of the cable 20 is connected to an interface device 310. The interface device is connected to the wireless equipment 12, either directly or through a media converter 312. Examples of the interface 310 provide simplified termination of the hybrid cable 20, allowing factory or field installation. In some embodiments, a DC-DC converter provides the desired voltage level for the particular device 12 to which it is connected and compensates for IR loss across variable link lengths.
A cable clamp 342 cooperates with the body 320 to fix the hybrid input cable 20 and an output cable 344 to the interface device 310 at a cable inlet 350 and a cable outlet 352, respectively. As noted above, the hybrid cable 20 includes electrical conductors 220, 220 for supplying power to the interface device 310, and ultimately the remote device 12. In the illustrated examples, the interface device 310 includes an insulation displacement connector (IDC) 360 situated in the interior 324 of the interface device body 320 for connecting the conductors 220, 220 to the interface device 310. Generally, an IDC (also sometimes referred to as insulation displacement termination and insulation-piercing connector) is an electrical connector that connects to one or more conductors of an insulated conductor by a connection process that forces a selectively sharpened blade or blades through the insulation to contact the conductor, eliminating the need to strip the insulation before connecting. Further, the connector blades cold weld to the conductors to form a gas-tight connection.
The conductors 220, 222 are received by the corresponding conductor grooves 362, 364, and insulator clamping ribs 368 are situated to press against the jacket 200 to hold the hybrid cable 20 in place. The IDC 360 includes a cover 370 hingedly connected to the housing 358 that when closed presses IDC terminals 372 against the conductors 220, 222 and through the left portion 206 and the right portion 208 of the outer jacket 200 to make an electrical connection with the conductors 220, 222. The illustrated IDC terminals 372 are angled to provide a gas-tight connection. In the illustrated example, the left and right portions 206, 208 are trimmed such that the conductors 220,222 extend beyond the IDC terminals 372 but remain within the housing 358 of the IDC 360.
In other embodiments, the IDC is configured in a “pass-through” power arrangement, wherein the terminals 372 pierce the left and right portions 206, 208 to contact the conductors 220,222, but the left and right portions 206, 208 are not trimmed so they extend through the IDC 360 to be routed to equipment 12 or another interface device 310, such as via the cable outlet 352.
In the illustrated example, a power converter 376, such as a DC-DC voltage converter, is situated in the interior 324 of the base 320 and electrically connected to the IDC 360 so as to electrically connect the conductors 220, 220 of the hybrid cable 20 to the power converter 376 via the IDC 360. Thus, power entering the interface device 310 via the hybrid cable 20 can be conditioned and/or converted to the desired level for the wireless coverage area defining equipment 12 to which the interface device 310 connects. The power converter 376 is connectable to the output cable 344 to route the conditioned/converted power from the interface device 310 to the desired wireless equipment 12. For instance, conductors of the output cable 344 could connect directly to the power converter 376 using screw terminals 378 thereon. In alternative embodiments, the power converter 376 can be omitted or bypassed if the power received by the interface device 310 is appropriate for the particular end device 12. Further power connection arrangements are discussed herein below.
The optical fibers 224 from the hybrid cable 20 are received by the centrally positioned fiber pass-through groove 366 to route the optical fibers 224 through the housing 358 of the IDC 360. The fibers 224 extend from the housing 358 and are routed along the perimeter of the interior 324 of the interface device 310. In some embodiments, the optical fibers 324 are routed through the interior 324 directly to the cable outlet 352, along with a separate power output cable. More typically, the fibers 324 would be routed to a fiber management device 380. In the illustrated example, fiber guides 374 are situated in the corners of the interior 324 for routing the optical fibers 324 in the interface device while maintaining a desired bend radius. In certain implementations, the optical fibers 324 are thus received at the cable inlet 350, routed through the IDC housing 358 and the interior 324 of the interface device body 320 to the fiber management device 380.
Some embodiments, for example, include 12 fibers 224 situated in the central passage 216. Typically, two optical fibers 224 are terminated in a given interface device 310. Since the two fibers 224 carrying signals for the desired wireless equipment 12 are to be terminated in the interface device 310, they are cut downstream of the interface device 310. A slit can be cut in the central portion 216 providing an opening through which the desired fibers 224 can be pulled from the central portion and routed to the fiber management device 380. The remaining optical fibers 224 remain intact within the central portion 216, and can be passed through the interface device 310 to another device, for example.
The power converter 276 provides DC/DC conversion, for example, as well as other power management functions such as circuit overload protection, mains cross protection, lightning protection, etc. In one particular embodiment, a 30 W, 12V output DC-DC converter from CUI Inc. of Tualatin, Ore. (P/N VYC30W-Q48-S12-T) is used. Other DC-DC converters may be employed based on electrical requirements, packaging, etc. In some implementations, a conditioning circuit is integrated into the interface 310 to minimize voltage ripple.
Referring back to
The hybrid cable 20 can be used to transmit electrical power and optical communication signals from the fiber patch panel 302 and power supply 304 located at a first to the wireless equipment 12 located at a second location. The first end 306 of the hybrid cable 20 can include a first interface for connecting the hybrid cable to electrical power and fiber optic communication at a connector, and the second end 308 of the hybrid cable 20 is received at the cable inlet 350 of the interface device 310. The power converter 376 of the interface device 310 converts electrical power carried by the hybrid cable 20, for example, to a direct current third voltage that is less than the second voltage. In one example, the third voltage corresponds to an electrical voltage requirement of the device 12. In one example, the third voltage is 12V, 24V or 48V.
In some implementations, a converter 312 is associated with the equipment 12 for converting optical signals to electrical signals. In such implementations, the optical fibers and power are provided from the interface device 310 to the converter 312, which provides power and communication signals to the equipment 12. In other implementations, the interface device 310 converts the optical signals to electrical signals using the media board 390, and provides power and electrical communication signals to the equipment 12.
Aspects of the present disclosure relate to powered fiber cable systems capable of simultaneously powering and communicating with wireless coverage area defining equipment (e.g., transceivers, wireless routers, WiFi access points/WiFi hot spots, small cell devices, or like devices). The powered fiber cable system can also be used to power and communicate with other devices such as digital signage, high definition surveillance cameras, and like devices. Moreover, powered fiber cable systems in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure can be incorporated into fiber optic networks (e.g., fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP, fiber-to-the-anything (FTTX)) to provide back-up power or primary power to optical network terminals (ONT) including electronics for providing optical-to-electrical conversion at or near a subscriber location. By providing back-up power using a powered fiber cable system in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, battery back-ups at the optical network terminals can be eliminated. Powered fiber cable systems in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure are particularly well suited for supporting active devices at outdoor locations where power is not readily available. However, powered fiber cable systems in accordance of the principles of the present disclosure can also be used to support indoor applications such as in local area networks where power and fiber are provided to desk-top locations (e.g., fiber-to-the-desk (FTTD)). Other applications for powered fiber cable systems in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure relate to power-over-Ethernet extensions (PoE or PoE+).
Aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems that provide a “rack to device” vision for both powering and communicating with active devices such as small cell devices, ONT's, WiFi hot spots, digital signage, surveillance cameras or like devices in one cable system.
In one example, the power supply can include a power express class II power converter shelf manufactured by General Electric. The power supply can include and AC/DC transformer for transforming alternating current (AC) from a mains power supply into DC power for distribution to remotely located active devices. In certain examples, the power supply 406 can power up to 32 hybrid cables 20 in a modular design with four modules and eight cables per module. In certain examples, the power supply is configured to output relatively low voltage DC current (e.g., less than or equal to 48 volts DC). In certain examples, the power source is National Electric Code (NEC) class 2 (as specified by Article 725) and Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) compliant. In certain examples, the voltage between any two conductors should not exceed 60 volts DC under normal operating conditions. In certain examples, the power supply is limited to 100 VA. Such low voltage circuits are advantageous because electricians are not required to install such systems, such systems are inherently safe because of the low voltage limits, and such systems can be installed in a conduit-free manner. In certain examples, the power supply can also include circuit protection electronics such as gas discharge tubes, metal oxide varistor components and transient voltage suppression structures/diodes.
As shown at
Further aspects of the present disclosure relate to a remote interface device (e.g., interface device 310 that is remote from the power supply) for providing an interface between a hybrid cable and a remote active device, the interface device including a closure that houses circuitry for providing electrical power management and including circuit protection electronics. It will be appreciated that the circuitry within the closure is adapted for providing an effective interface between a hybrid cable (e.g., hybrid cable 20) and a remote active device. In certain examples, the closure is designed for outdoor environmental use and includes an environmentally sealed construction. In certain examples, the electrical power management circuitry eliminates the need for line power system design. For example, the electrical power management circuitry can include a DC-to-DC converter suitable for converting power carried by one of the hybrid cables 20 to a voltage and power level compatible with an active device intended to be powered with power from the hybrid cable 20. In certain examples, the DC-to-DC converter can increase the voltage of the power carried by the hybrid cable 20 to a level compatible with the active device powered by the hybrid cable. In certain examples, the increase in voltage provided by the DC-to-DC converter compensates for voltage loss that may occur over the length of the hybrid cable. In certain examples, the DC-to-DC converter raises the voltage level to 12 volts, 24 volts or 48 volts. In certain other examples, the DC-to-DC converter decreases the voltage level to a level compatible with the active device intended to be powered by the hybrid cable. In certain examples, the power is converted so as to become compatible with a 25 watt device, a 30 watt device, or a 45 watt device. In certain examples, the closure also houses an optical-to-electrical converter that converts optical signals from the hybrid cable to electrical signals that are transmitted to the active device. In certain examples, the electrical signals and the power can be transmitted from the interface device to the active device by a twisted pair Ethernet cable so as to provide power-over-Ethernet or power-over-Ethernet-plus connectivity.
As indicated above, the closure of the interface device can enclose circuit protection electronics. For example, the circuit protection electronics can include primary electrical protection that may include a gas discharge tube rated to at least 40 kAmp surge/overvoltage protection. Such structure can provide protection with respect to lightning strikes and line cross-overs. The electrical protection can also include secondary electrical protection that may be rated to 4.5 kAmp and that may include metal oxide varistor components that couple to ground in response to voltage surges. The electrical protection may also include tertiary protection that prevents voltage from rising above a predetermined level (e.g., 80 volts, or 100 volts). In certain examples, the tertiary protection can include a transient voltage suppression diode. In certain examples, fast acting fuses can be used.
Cables in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure can provide power over relatively long distances. For example, using 12 gauge conductors in the hybrid cable and using conversion circuitry in the interface device that converts the optical signals and power to a PoE format, the system can provide 10 Watts of power over a length of 3,000 meters, 15 Watts of power over 2,400 meters, 20 Watts of power over 1,900 meters and 25 Watts of power over 1,600 meters. If power is provided in a non-power over Ethernet format (e.g., via an M8 plug or other power lines separate from the communications lines), 30 watt power can be provided up to 1,600 meters and 45 watt power can be provided up to 1,000 meters. A system that utilizes 16 gauge conductors and outputs power in a power over Ethernet format can provide 10 watts of power at 1,200 meters, 15 watts of power at 960 meters, 20 watts of power at 760 meters, and 25 watts of power at 640 meters. By not using a power over Ethernet format and instead keeping the power separate from the communications via a separate power line, the 16 gauge wire can provide 30 watts of power at 640 meters and 45 watts of power at 400 meters.
Aspects of the present disclosure relate to interface closures that can be readily customized to meet customer requirements. In certain examples, the closures can be environmentally sealed and can include clamps for clamping hybrid cables such as the hybrid cable 20. The closures can also include power management circuitry such as power converters (e.g., DC-to-DC power converters). The power converters can be customized to comply with the power requirements of the remote device intended to be powered by the customer. In certain examples, the power conversion circuitry can be modular and modules providing different levels of conversion can be selected and plugged into the circuit board of the closure to satisfy the customer requirement. For example, power converters capable of outputting 12, 24 or 48 volts can be used. It will be appreciated that the format of the power output from the interface closure can also be customized to meet customer needs. For example, the interface closure can be configured to output power and communications over a variety of formats such as: (a) power-over-Ethernet; (b) power-over-Ethernet-Plus; (c) separate power (e.g., via a cable terminated with an M8 plug or other configuration) and Ethernet lines (e.g., terminated with RJ45 connectors or other connectors); (d) separate fiber lines for communications and power lines for power (e.g., terminated with M8 connectors or other power connectors); (e) a hybrid cable having optical fibers for optical signals and electrical conductors for power that can be terminated with a hybrid connector or can have separate fiber and power pigtails; or (f) a cable having twisted pair conductors for carrying communication signals and separate electrical conductors for power that can be terminated by separate RJ-style connectors for communication signals and an M8 plug for power or other connector arrangements. In the case where separate fiber lines are used, the fiber lines can be terminated with different styles of fiber optic connectors such as LC connectors, SC connectors, or other fiber optic connectors. In certain examples, the fiber optic connectors can be ruggedized and can include environmental sealing as well as twists-to-lock fastening elements such as threaded fasteners or bayonet-style fasteners. In the case of Ethernet cable, standard RJ-45 connectors or ruggedized RJ-45 connectors can be used. For pigtails carrying only power, stranded or solid conductors can be used. Additionally, the power pigtails can be terminated with power connectors such as M8 connectors.
Various modifications and alterations of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure, and it should be understood that the scope of this disclosure is not to be unduly limited to the illustrative examples set forth herein.
The present patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/846,392, filed Jul. 15, 2013. The present patent application is also a continuation-in-part of PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/030969, filed Mar. 18, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/802,989, filed Mar. 18, 2013. The disclosures of all of the above-mentioned patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4089585 | Slaughter | May 1978 | A |
4199225 | Slaughter | Apr 1980 | A |
4220812 | Ney et al. | Sep 1980 | A |
4359598 | Dey et al. | Nov 1982 | A |
4365865 | Stiles | Dec 1982 | A |
4467138 | Brorein | Aug 1984 | A |
4497537 | Dench | Feb 1985 | A |
4552432 | Anderson et al. | Nov 1985 | A |
4695127 | Ohlhaber et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
4723832 | Okazato et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
4729628 | Kraft et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
4761053 | Cogelia et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
4787705 | Shinmoto et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
4867527 | Dotti et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
4895426 | Pinson | Jan 1990 | A |
5268971 | Nilsson et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
5448670 | Blew et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
5469523 | Blew et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
5494461 | Bippus | Feb 1996 | A |
5539851 | Taylor et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5555336 | Winslow | Sep 1996 | A |
5555338 | Haag et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5557698 | Gareis et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5651081 | Blew et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5677974 | Elms et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
5737470 | Nagano et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5745627 | Arroyo et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5778116 | Tomich | Jul 1998 | A |
5838858 | White | Nov 1998 | A |
5896480 | Scharf | Apr 1999 | A |
5913003 | Arroyo et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5982966 | Bonicel | Nov 1999 | A |
6142802 | Berg et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6169834 | Keller | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6195487 | Anderson et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6236789 | Fitz | May 2001 | B1 |
6343172 | Schiestle | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6347172 | Keller et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6363192 | Spooner | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6370303 | Fitz et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6463198 | Coleman | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6493491 | Shen et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6542674 | Gimblet | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6567592 | Gimblet et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6599025 | Deutsch | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6621964 | Quinn et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6687437 | Starnes et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6719461 | Cull | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6738547 | Spooner | May 2004 | B2 |
6755575 | Kronlund et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6758693 | Inagaki et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6836603 | Bocanegra et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
6847767 | Hurley et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6931183 | Panak et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6965718 | Koertel | Nov 2005 | B2 |
7006740 | Parris | Feb 2006 | B1 |
7158703 | Mjelstad | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7218821 | Bocanegra et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7225534 | Kachmar | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7272281 | Stahulak et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7310430 | Mallya et al. | Dec 2007 | B1 |
7362936 | Stark et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7371014 | Willis et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
7387517 | Kusuda et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7401985 | Aronson et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7445389 | Aronson | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7494287 | Wang et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7499616 | Aronson et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7643631 | Kennedy | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7643713 | Büthe et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7692098 | Wyatt, II et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7712976 | Aronson et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
7744288 | Lu et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7762727 | Aronson | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7778510 | Aronson et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7876989 | Aronson et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7897873 | Gemme et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7918609 | Melton et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
8041166 | Kachmar | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8059929 | Cody et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8083417 | Aronson et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8155525 | Cox | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8175433 | Caldwell et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8184935 | Kachmar | May 2012 | B2 |
8204348 | Keller et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8238706 | Kachmar | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8244087 | Sales Casals et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8249410 | Andrus et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8270838 | Cox | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8290320 | Kachmar | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8297854 | Bickham et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8301003 | de los Santos Campos et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8328433 | Furuyama | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8363994 | Kachmar | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8480312 | Smith et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
20020126967 | Panak et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020136510 | Heinz et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020147978 | Dolgonos et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20030108351 | Feinberg et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030202756 | Hurley et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030215197 | Simon et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20040258165 | Peltonen | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050002622 | Sutehall et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050185903 | Koertel | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20060153516 | Napiorkowski et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060165355 | Greenwood et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20070269170 | Easton et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20080037941 | Mallya et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080131132 | Solheid | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080219621 | Aldeghi et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20090041413 | Hurley | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090297104 | Kachmar | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100200270 | Gemme et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100290787 | Cox | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100321591 | Onomatsu | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110021069 | Hu et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110038582 | DiFonzo et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110091174 | Kachmar | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110188815 | Blackwell, Jr. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110268452 | Beamon | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110280527 | Tamura | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110293227 | Wu | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20110311191 | Hayashishita et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120008904 | Han et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120008905 | Han et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120008906 | Han et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120057821 | Aronson et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120080225 | Kim et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120114288 | Wu | May 2012 | A1 |
20120191997 | Miller | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120230637 | Kachmar | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120281952 | McColloch | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120281953 | Choi et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120288245 | Hurley et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120295486 | Petersen | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20130011106 | Congdon, II et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130022318 | Fingler et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130287349 | Faulkner et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20140072264 | Schroder | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140087742 | Brower | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140258742 | Chien | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140338968 | Kachmar et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20150125146 | Erreygers | May 2015 | A1 |
20150378118 | Huegerich et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
0 629 889 | Dec 1994 | EP |
2 393 222 | Dec 2011 | EP |
2 676 161 | Dec 2013 | EP |
10-1997-0060748 | Aug 1997 | KR |
20-0273482 | Apr 2002 | KR |
WO 2010102201 | Sep 2010 | WO |
WO 2011146720 | Nov 2011 | WO |
WO 2012112532 | Aug 2012 | WO |
WO 2013117598 | Aug 2013 | WO |
Entry |
---|
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2014/046678 mailed Nov. 6, 2014. |
“GE—Critical Power, DAS and Small Cell Powering Architectures,” DAS and Small Cell Congress, May 1, 2013; 22 pages. |
OneReach PoE Extender System brochure from Berk-Tek, 8 pages (Jan. 2011). |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2014/015969 mailed Jul. 21, 2014. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2014/000115 mailed Sep. 24, 2014. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2014/030969 mailed Nov. 26, 2014. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20150309271 A1 | Oct 2015 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61846392 | Jul 2013 | US | |
61802989 | Mar 2013 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | PCT/US2014/000309 | Mar 2014 | US |
Child | 14331873 | US |