Patent Grant
11296504
This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/466,514 filed on filed May 15, 2009 and entitled “Power Distribution Devices, Systems, and Methods For Radio-Over-Fiber (RoF) Distributed Communication,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,155,525, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The technology of the disclosure relates to power units for providing power to remote antenna units in a distributed antenna system.
Wireless communication is rapidly growing, with ever-increasing demands for high-speed mobile data communication. As an example, so-called “wireless fidelity” or “WiFi” systems and wireless local area networks (WLANs) are being deployed in many different types of areas (e.g., coffee shops, airports, libraries, etc.). Distributed communications or antenna systems communicate with wireless devices called “clients,” which must reside within the wireless range or “cell coverage area” in order to communicate with an access point device.
One approach to deploying a distributed antenna system involves the use of radio frequency (RF) antenna coverage areas, also referred to as “antenna coverage areas.” Antenna coverage areas can have a radius in the range from a few meters up to twenty meters as an example. Combining a number of access point devices creates an array of antenna coverage areas. Because the antenna coverage areas each cover small areas, there are typically only a few users (clients) per antenna coverage area. This allows for minimizing the amount of RF bandwidth shared among the wireless system users. It may be desirable to provide antenna coverage areas in a building or other facility to provide distributed antenna system access to clients within the building or facility. However, it may be desirable to employ optical fiber to distribute communication signals. Benefits of optical fiber include increased bandwidth.
One type of distributed antenna system for creating antenna coverage areas includes distribution of RF communications signals over an electrical conductor medium, such as coaxial cable or twisted pair wiring. Another type of distributed antenna system for creating antenna coverage areas, called “Radio-over-Fiber” or “RoF,” utilizes RF communications signals sent over optical fibers. Both types of systems can include head-end equipment coupled to a plurality of remote antenna units (RAUs) that each provides antenna coverage areas. The RAUs can each include RF transceivers coupled to an antenna to transmit RF communications signals wirelessly, wherein the RAUs are coupled to the head-end equipment via the communication medium. The RF transceivers in the remote antenna units are transparent to the RF communications signals. The antennas in the RAUs also receive RF signals (i.e., electromagnetic radiation) from clients in the antenna coverage area. The RF signals are then sent over the communication medium to the head-end equipment. In optical fiber or RoF distributed antenna systems, the RAUs convert incoming optical RF signals from an optical fiber downlink to electrical RF signals via optical-to-electrical (O/E) converters, which are then passed to the RF transceiver. The RAUs also convert received electrical RF communications signals from clients via the antennas to optical RF communications signals via electrical-to-optical (E/O) converters. The optical RF signals are then sent over an optical fiber uplink to the head-end equipment.
The RAUs contain power-consuming components, such as the RF transceiver, to transmit and receive RF communications signals and thus require power to operate. In the situation of an optical fiber-based distributed antenna system, the RAUs may contain O/E and E/O converters that also require power to operate. As an example, the RAU may contain a housing that includes a power supply to provide power to the RAUs locally at the RAU. The power supply may be configured to be connected to a power source, such as an alternating current (AC) power source, and convert AC power into a direct current (DC) power signal. Alternatively, power may be provided to the RAUs from remote power supplies. The remote power suppliers may be configured to provide power to multiple RAUs. It may be desirable to provide these power supplies in modular units or devices that may be easily inserted or removed from a housing to provide power. Providing modular power distribution modules allows power to more easily be configured as needed for the distributed antenna system. For example, a remotely located power unit may be provided that contains a plurality of ports or slots to allow a plurality of power distribution modules to be inserted therein. The power unit may have ports that allow the power to be provided over an electrical conductor medium to the RAUs. Thus, when a power distribution module is inserted in the power unit in a port or slot that corresponds to a given RAU, power from the power distribution module is supplied to the RAU.
It may be desired to allow these power distribution modules to be inserted and removed from the power unit without deactivating other power distribution modules providing power to other RAUs. If power to the power unit were required to be deactivated, RF communications for all RAUs that receiver power from the power unit may be disabled, even if the power distribution module inserted and/or removed from the power unit is configured to supply power to only a subset of the RAUs receiving power from the power unit. However, inserting and removing power distribution modules in a power unit while power is active and being provided in the power unit may cause electrical arcing and electrical contact erosion that can damage the power distribution module or power-consuming components connected to the power distribution module.
Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description include power distribution modules capable of “hot” connection and/or disconnection in distributed antenna systems (DASs). Related power units, components, and methods are also disclosed. By “hot” connection and/or disconnection, it is meant that the power distribution modules can be connected and/or disconnected from a power unit and/or power-consuming components while power is being provided to the power distribution modules. In this regard, it is not required to disable providing power to the power distribution module before connection and/or disconnection of power distribution modules to a power unit and/or power-consuming components. As a non-limiting example, the power distribution modules may be configured to protect against or reduce electrical arcing or electrical contact erosion that may otherwise result from “hot” connection and/or disconnection.
In embodiments disclosed herein, the power distribution modules can be installed in and connected to a power unit for providing power to a power-consuming DAS component(s), such as a remote antenna unit(s) (RAU(s)) as a non-limiting example. Main power is provided to the power unit and distributed to power distribution modules installed and connected in the power unit. Power from the main power provided by the power unit is distributed by each of the power distribution modules to any power-consuming DAS components connected to the power distribution modules. The power distribution modules distribute power to the power-consuming DAS components to provide power for power-consuming components in the power-consuming DAS components.
In this regard in one embodiment, a power distribution module for distributing power in a distributed antenna system is provided. The power distribution module comprises an input power port configured to receive input power from an external power source. The power distribution module also comprises at least one output power port configured to receive output power and distribute the output power to at least one distributed antenna system (DAS) power-consuming device electrically coupled to the at least one output power port. The power distribution module also comprises at least one power controller configured to selectively distribute output power as the input power to the at least one output power port based on a power enable signal coupled to the enable input port. Other embodiments are also disclosed herein.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operation of the concepts disclosed.
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments are shown. Indeed, the concepts may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limiting herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Whenever possible, like reference numbers will be used to refer to like components or parts.
Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description include power distribution modules capable of “hot” connection and/or disconnection in distributed antenna systems (DASs). Related components, power units, and methods are also disclosed. By “hot” connection and/or disconnection, it is meant that the power distribution modules can be connected and/or disconnected from a power unit and/or power-consuming components while power is being provided to the power distribution modules. In this regard, it is not required to disable providing power to the power distribution module before connection and/or disconnection of power distribution modules to a power unit and/or power-consuming components. As a non-limiting example, the power distribution modules may be configured to protect against or reduce electrical arcing or electrical contact erosion that may otherwise result from “hot” connection and/or disconnection.
In embodiments disclosed herein, the power distribution modules can be installed in and connected to a power unit for providing power to a power-consuming DAS component(s), such as a remote antenna unit(s) (RAU(s)) as a non-limiting example. Main power is provided to the power unit and distributed to power distribution modules installed and connected in the power unit. Power from the main power provided by the power unit is distributed by each of the power distribution modules to any power-consuming DAS components connected to the power distribution modules. The power distribution modules distribute power to the power-consuming DAS components to provide power for power-consuming components in the power-consuming DAS components.
Before discussing examples of power distribution modules capable of “hot” connection and/or disconnection in distributed antenna systems (DASs), exemplary distributed antenna systems capable of distributing RF communications signals to distributed or remote antenna units (RAUs) are first described with regard to
In this regard,
One downlink optical fiber 16D and one uplink optical fiber 16U could be provided to support multiple channels each using wave-division multiplexing (WDM), as discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424 entitled “Providing Digital Data Services in Optical Fiber-based Distributed Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Systems, And Related Components and Methods,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Other options for WDM and frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424, any of which can be employed in any of the embodiments disclosed herein. Further, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424 also discloses distributed digital data communications signals in a distributed antenna system which may also be distributed in the optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 10 either in conjunction with RF communications signals or not.
The optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 10 has an antenna coverage area 20 that can be disposed about the RAU 14. The antenna coverage area 20 of the RAU 14 forms an RF coverage area 21. The HEE 12 is adapted to perform or to facilitate any one of a number of Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) applications, such as RF identification (RFID), wireless local-area network (WLAN) communication, or cellular phone service. Shown within the antenna coverage area 20 is a client device 24 in the form of a mobile device as an example, which may be a cellular telephone as an example. The client device 24 can be any device that is capable of receiving RF communications signals. The client device 24 includes an antenna 26 (e.g., a wireless card) adapted to receive and/or send electromagnetic RF signals.
With continuing reference to
Similarly, the antenna 32 is also configured to receive wireless RF communications from client devices 24 in the antenna coverage area 20. In this regard, the antenna 32 receives wireless RF communications from client devices 24 and communicates electrical RF signals representing the wireless RF communications to an E/O converter 34 in the RAU 14. The E/O converter 34 converts the electrical RF signals into uplink optical RF signals 22U to be communicated over the uplink optical fiber 16U. An O/E converter 36 provided in the HEE 12 converts the uplink optical RF signals 22U into uplink electrical RF signals, which can then be communicated as uplink electrical RF signals 18U back to a network or other source. The HEE 12 in this embodiment is not able to distinguish the location of the client devices 24 in this embodiment. The client device 24 could be in the range of any antenna coverage area 20 formed by an RAU 14.
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the service unit 37 in the HEE 12 can include an RF signal conditioner unit 40 for conditioning the downlink electrical RF signals 18D and the uplink electrical RF signals 18U, respectively. The service unit 37 can include a digital signal processing unit (“digital signal processor”) 42 for providing to the RF signal conditioner unit 40 an electrical signal that is modulated onto an RF carrier to generate a desired downlink electrical RF signal 18D. The digital signal processor 42 is also configured to process a demodulation signal provided by the demodulation of the uplink electrical RF signal 18U by the RF signal conditioner unit 40. The HEE 12 can also include an optional central processing unit (CPU) 44 for processing data and otherwise performing logic and computing operations, and a memory unit 46 for storing data, such as data to be transmitted over a WLAN or other network for example.
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
To provide further exemplary illustration of how a distributed antenna system can be deployed indoors,
For example, as discussed in more detail below, the distributed antenna system 10 in this embodiment is configured to receive wireless RF signals and convert the RF signals into RoF signals to be communicated over the optical fiber 16 to multiple RAUs 14. The optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 10 in this embodiment can be, for example, an indoor distributed antenna system (IDAS) to provide wireless service inside the building infrastructure 70. These wireless signals can include cellular service, wireless services such as RFID tracking, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), local area network (LAN), WLAN, public safety, wireless building automations, and combinations thereof, as examples.
With continuing reference to
The main cable 82 enables multiple optical fiber cables 86 to be distributed throughout the building infrastructure 70 (e.g., fixed to the ceilings or other support surfaces of each floor 72, 74, 76) to provide the antenna coverage areas 80 for the first, second, and third floors 72, 74, and 76. In an example embodiment, the HEE 12 is located within the building infrastructure 70 (e.g., in a closet or control room), while in another example embodiment, the HEE 12 may be located outside of the building infrastructure 70 at a remote location. A base transceiver station (BTS) 88, which may be provided by a second party such as a cellular service provider, is connected to the HEE 12, and can be co-located or located remotely from the HEE 12. A BTS is any station or signal source that provides an input signal to the HEE 12 and can receive a return signal from the HEE 12.
In a typical cellular system, for example, a plurality of BTSs are deployed at a plurality of remote locations to provide wireless telephone coverage. Each BTS serves a corresponding cell and when a mobile client device enters the cell, the BTS communicates with the mobile client device. Each BTS can include at least one radio transceiver for enabling communication with one or more subscriber units operating within the associated cell. As another example, wireless repeaters or bi-directional amplifiers could also be used to serve a corresponding cell in lieu of a BTS. Alternatively, radio input could be provided by a repeater, picocell or femtocell as other examples.
The optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 10 in
For example, with reference to
The HEE 12 may be configured to support any frequencies desired, including but not limited to US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (824-849 MHz on uplink and 869-894 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1850-1915 MHz on uplink and 1930-1995 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1710-1755 MHz on uplink and 2110-2155 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (698-716 MHz and 776-787 MHz on uplink and 728-746 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (880-915 MHz on uplink and 925-960 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1710-1785 MHz on uplink and 1805-1880 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1920-1980 MHz on uplink and 2110-2170 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (806-824 MHz on uplink and 851-869 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (896-901 MHz on uplink and 929-941 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (793-805 MHz on uplink and 763-775 MHz on downlink), and US FCC frequencies (2495-2690 MHz on uplink and downlink).
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
Each RIM 122(1)-122(M) can be designed to support a particular type of radio source or range of radio sources (i.e., frequencies) to provide flexibility in configuring the HEE 124 and the optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 120 to support the desired radio sources. For example, one RIM 122 may be configured to support the Personal Communication Services (PCS) radio band. Another RIM 122 may be configured to support the 700 MHz radio band. In this example, by inclusion of these RIMs 122, the HEE 124 would be configured to support and distribute RF communications signals on both PCS and LTE 700 radio bands. RIMs 122 may be provided in the HEE 124 that support any frequency bands desired, including but not limited to the US Cellular band, Personal Communication Services (PCS) band, Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) band, 700 MHz band, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) 900, GSM 1800, and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). RIMs 122 may be provided in the HEE 124 that support any wireless technologies desired, including but not limited to Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), CDMA200, 1×RTT, Evolution—Data Only (EV-DO), UMTS, High-speed Packet Access (HSPA), GSM, General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), iDEN, and Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD). RIMs 122 may be provided in the HEE 124 that support any frequencies desired referenced above as non-limiting examples.
The downlink electrical RF communications signals 126D(1)-126D(R) are provided to a plurality of optical interfaces provided in the form of optical interface modules (OIMs) 128(1)-128(N) in this embodiment to convert the downlink electrical RF communications signals 126D(1)-126D(N) into downlink optical RF communications signals 130D(1)-130D(R). The notation “1-N” indicates that any number of the referenced component 1-N may be provided. The OIMs 128 may be configured to provide one or more optical interface components (OICs) that contain O/E and E/O converters, as will be described in more detail below. The OIMs 128 support the radio bands that can be provided by the RIMs 122, including the examples previously described above. Thus, in this embodiment, the OIMs 128 may support a radio band range from 400 MHz to 2700 MHz, as an example, so providing different types or models of OIMs 128 for narrower radio bands to support possibilities for different radio band-supported RIMs 122 provided in the HEE 124 is not required. Further, as an example, the OIMs 128 may be optimized for sub-bands within the 400 MHz to 2700 MHz frequency range, such as 400-700 MHz, 700 MHz-1 GHz, 1 GHz-1.6 GHz, and 1.6 GHz-2.7 GHz, as examples.
The OIMs 128(1)-128(N) each include E/O converters to convert the downlink electrical RF communications signals 126D(1)-126D(R) to downlink optical RF communications signals 130D(1)-130D(R). The downlink optical RF communications signals 130D(1)-130D(R) are communicated over downlink optical fiber(s) 133D to a plurality of RAUs 132(1)-132(P). The notation “1-P” indicates that any number of the referenced component 1-P may be provided. O/E converters provided in the RAUs 132(1)-132(P) convert the downlink optical RF communications signals 130D(1)-130D(R) back into downlink electrical RF communications signals 126D(1)-126D(R), which are provided over downlinks 134(1)-134(P) coupled to antennas 136(1)-136(P) in the RAUs 132(1)-132(P) to client devices in the reception range of the antennas 136(1)-136(P).
E/O converters are also provided in the RAUs 132(1)-132(P) to convert uplink electrical RF communications signals 126U(1)-126U(R) received from client devices through the antennas 136(1)-136(P) into uplink optical RF communications signals 138U(1)-138U(R) to be communicated over uplink optical fibers 133U to the OIMs 128(1)-128(N). The OIMs 128(1)-128(N) include O/E converters that convert the uplink optical RF communications signals 138U(1)-138U(R) into uplink electrical RF communications signals 140U(1)-140U(R) that are processed by the RIMs 122(1)-122(M) and provided as uplink electrical RF communications signals 142U(1)-142U(R). Downlink electrical digital signals 143D(1)-143D(P) communicated over downlink electrical medium or media (hereinafter “medium”) 145D(1)-145D(P) are provided to the RAUs 132(1)-132(P), separately from the RF communication services, as well as uplink electrical digital signals 143U(1)-143U(P) communicated over uplink electrical medium 145U(1)-145U(P), as also illustrated in
In one embodiment, up to thirty-six (36) RAUs 132 can be supported by the OIMs 128, three RAUs 132 per OIM 128 in the optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 120 in
In another embodiment, an exemplary RAU 132 may be configured to support up to four (4) different radio bands/carriers (e.g. ATT, VZW, TMobile, Metro PCS: 700LTE/850/1900/2100). Radio band upgrades can be supported by adding remote expansion units over the same optical fiber (or upgrade to MIMO on any single band), as will be described in more detail below starting with
RAUs, including the RAUs 14, 132 discussed above, contain power-consuming components for transmitting and receiving RF communications signals. In the situation of an optical fiber-based distributed antenna system, the RAUs may contain O/E and E/O converters that also require power to operate. As an example, a RAU may contain a power unit that includes a power supply to provide power to the RAUs locally at the RAU. Alternatively, power may be provided to the RAUs from power supplies provided in remote power units. In either scenario, it may be desirable to provide these power supplies in modular units or devices that may be easily inserted or removed from a power unit. Providing modular power distribution modules allows power to more easily be configured as needed for the distributed antenna system. It may be desired to allow these power distribution modules to be inserted and removed from the power unit without deactivating other power distribution modules providing power to other RAUs. If power to the entire power unit were required to be deactivated, RF communications for all RAUs that receive power from the power unit would be disabled even if the power distribution module inserted and/or removed from the power unit is configured to supply power to only a subset of the RAUs receiving power from the power unit.
In this regard, embodiments disclosed herein include power distribution modules capable of “hot” connection and/or disconnection in distributed antenna systems (DASs). Related components, power units, and methods are also disclosed. By “hot” connection and/or disconnection, it is meant that the power distribution modules can be connected and/or disconnected from a power unit and/or power-consuming components while power is being provided to the power distribution modules. In this regard, it is not required to disable providing power to the power distribution module before connection and/or disconnection of power distribution modules to a power unit and/or power-consuming components. As a non-limiting example, the power distribution modules may be configured to protect against or reduce electrical arching or electrical contact erosion that may otherwise result from “hot” connection and/or disconnection.
In this regard,
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
Electrical arcing is a luminous discharge of current that is formed when a strong current jumps a gap in a circuit or between two conductors. If output power 180 is being provided by the power controller 188 to the output power port 190 and output power connector 192 before complete electrical contact is made between the output power connector 204 and the output power connector 192, electrical arcing may occur. Electrical arcing can cause electrical conductor corrosion and/or damage to the power distribution module 160 and/or its components and any power-consuming DAS components connected to the output power connector 192 due to the high voltage and/or discharge.
With continuing reference to
In a similar regard with continuing reference to
Also, the power enable/disable feature 202 is configured to open the circuit on the power enable line 198 to disable output power 180 from being provided by the output power port 190 during removal or disconnection of the power distribution module 160 from the power unit 162. The power enable/disable feature 202 is configured to open the circuit on the power enable line 198 to disable output power 180 before the connector 174 of the power distribution module 160 begins to decouple from the midplane interface connector 172. In this manner, electrical arcing between the output power connector 204 and the output power connector 192 may be avoided if the power distribution module 160 is removed while input power 170 is “hot.” This is because the power controller 188 disables output power 180 to the output power port 190 and the output power connector 204 before electrical decoupling starts to being between the connector 174 of the power distribution module 160 and the midplane interface connector 172 during removal of the power distribution module 160. This reduces or avoids the risk of electrical arcing if a load is placed on the output power connector 204 connected to the output power connector 192 when the power distribution module 160 is disconnected from the power unit 162 when input power 170 is active.
Also, with reference to
In this regard,
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
The power converter 178 can be provided to produce any voltage level of DC power desired. In one embodiment, the power converter 178 can produce relatively low voltage DC current. A low voltage may be desired that is power-limited and Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) compliant, although such is not required. For example, according to Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Publication No. 60950, SELV-compliant circuits produce voltages that are safe to touch both under normal operating conditions and after faults. In this embodiment, two power controllers 188A, 188B are provided so no more than 100 Watts (W) in this example are provided over output power ports 190A, 190B to stay within the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Publication No. 60950, and provide a SELV-compliant circuit. The 100 VA limit discussed therein is for a Class 2 DC power source, as shown in Table 11(B) in NFPA 70, Article 725. Providing a SELV compliant power converter 178 and power unit 162 may be desired or necessary for fire protection and to meet fire protection and other safety regulations and/or standards. The power converter 178 is configured to provide up to 150 W of power in this example. The 150 W is split among the output power ports 190A, 190B.
To provide for “hot” connection of the power distribution module 160 to the power unit 162, and more particularly the connector 174 to the midplane interface connector 172, the power controller 188 should not enable output power 180 until complete electrical contact is made between the conductors of the connector 174 and the midplane interface connector 172. Otherwise, electrical arcing may occur. To provide for “hot” disconnection of the power distribution module 160 to the power unit 162, the power controller 188 should disable output power 180 before complete electrical contact is decoupled between the conductors of the connector 174 and the midplane interface connector 172. Similarly, to provide for “hot” connection of power-consuming DAS devices to the output power connector 192 of a power distribution module 160, it is important that the power controller 188 not enable output power 180 until complete electrical contact is made between the output power connector 192 and the output power connector 204. Otherwise, electrical arcing may occur. To provide for “hot” disconnection of the power distribution module 160 to the power unit 162, the power controller 188 should disable output power 180 before complete electrical contact is decoupled between the conductors of the output power connector 192 and the output power connector 204.
In this regard, short conductor pins are provided in the midplane interface connector 172 and the output power connector 204 that are configured to be coupled to the power enable line 198 when contact is established. This is illustrated in
With reference to
With reference to
According to one embodiment, if Ethernet or some other additional service (e.g. a second cellular communication provider) is to be provided over the system 10, four optical fibers (two uplink/downlink fiber pairs) may be routed to each remote unit location. In this case, two fibers are for uplink/downlink from the HEU 91 to the remote unit, and two fibers are for uplink/downlink from the CEU 244. One or more of the remote units may be equipped with additional hardware, or a separate, add-on module designed for Ethernet transmission to which the second fiber pair connects. A third fiber pair could also be provided at each remote unit location to provide additional services.
As illustrated in
A furcation 260, located inside the enclosure 250, of the riser cable 84 (e.g.,
The optical communication input links from the HEU 91 and the CEU 244 are downlink and uplink optical fiber pairs to be connected to the remote units. In this embodiment, the furcated leg contains eight (8) optical fiber pairs to provide connections from the CEU 244 and HEU 91 to up to four (4) remote units, although any number of fibers and remote units can be used. The legs are connected to the power unit 162 at furcations 280, which can be arranged as two rows of four 2-fiber connectors on one face of the enclosure 250. The illustrated furcations 280 are internally mounted in the enclosure 250. In an alternative embodiment, the furcations 280 can be mounted on a tray 286 that is mounted to an exterior of the enclosure 250.
For communication between the HEU 91 and the remote units, the furcated leg 262 from the furcation 260 can be pre-connectorized with a fiber-optic connector to facilitate easy connection to a first adapter module 290 within the power unit 162. The first adapter module 290 includes a multi-fiber connector 292 that receives the connector of the furcated leg 262. The connector 292 can be, for example, a 12-fiber MTP connector. A series of six 2-fiber connectors 294, for example, at the other side of the first adapter module 290, connects to fiber pairs 282 from each furcation 280. Each fiber pair 282 can be connectorized with a 2-fiber connector that connects to one of six connectors 294 of the first adapter module 290. In this arrangement, the first adapter module 290 has the capacity to receive twelve fibers at the connector 292, and six separate connectorized fiber pairs 282. This exemplary arrangement allows for optical communication between six remote units and the HEU 91, although only four such connections are shown in the illustrated embodiment. The first adapter module 290 can be, for example, a 12/F LC EDGE™ Module/07-016841 for riser connection available from Corning Cable Systems LLC.
For communication between the CEU 244 and the remote units, or an add-on module of a remote unit, etc., the furcated leg 272 from the furcation 270 can be pre-connectorized with a fiber-optic connector to facilitate easy connection to a second adapter module 300 within the power unit 162. In the illustrated embodiment, the second adapter module 300 is directly beneath the first adapter module 290, and thus is not visible in
One or more power distribution modules 160 can be included in the enclosure 250. According to one embodiment, one power distribution module 160 can be connected to each remote unit by a pair of electrical conductors. Electrical conductors include, for example, coaxial cable, twisted copper conductor pairs, etc. Each power distribution module 160 is shown connected to a twisted pair of conductors 324. The power distribution modules 160 plug into a back plane and the conductors that power the remote units connect to the back plane with a separate electrical connector from the optical fibers, although hybrid optical/electrical connectors could be used. Each cable extending to remote units can include two fibers and two twisted copper conductor pairs, although additional fibers and electrical conductors could be included.
The power distribution modules 160 are aligned side-by-side in the enclosure 250. One power distribution module 160 can be assigned to each remote unit, based upon power requirements. If an add-on module, such as an Ethernet module, is included at a remote unit, a second power distribution module 160 can be assigned to power the add-on module. If the remote unit and add-on module power budgets are low, a single power distribution module 160 may suffice to power that location. The allocation of power and optical connectivity is accordingly adaptable depending upon the number and power requirements of remote units, additional modules, and hardware, etc. The power distribution modules 160 can be connected to a power bus that receives local power at the power unit 162 location.
As previously discussed, the power distribution modules 160 may include a fan 186 that is powered by the module 160. Each power distribution module 160 can have two output plugs, to allow for powering of high or low power remote units. In
The illustrated power distribution modules 160 can have a power output of 93-95 W. The power distribution modules can operate without fans, but the power ratings may drop, or a larger enclosure space may be required to ensure proper cooling. If no fan is used, the power ratings can drop from, for example, 100 W to 60-70 W. UL requirements can be followed that limit the power distribution to 100VA per remote unit array. In an alternate 1U module configuration, the power unit 162 could have six power distribution modules 160 and no adapter modules. The modules could supply, for example, remote units with greater than 80 W loads. In an alternate 3U module configuration, the power unit 162 could have twelve power distribution modules 160 and can support twelve remote units.
The power unit 162 discussed herein can encompass any type of fiber-optic equipment and any type of optical connections and receive any number of fiber-optic cables or single or multi-fiber cables or connections. The power unit 162 may include fiber-optic components such as adapters or connectors to facilitate optical connections. These components can include, but are not limited to the fiber-optic component types of LC, SC, ST, LCAPC, SCAPC, MTRJ, and FC. The power unit 162 may be configured to connect to any number of remote units. One or more power supplies either contained within the power unit 162 or associated with the power unit 162 may provide power to the power distribution module in the power unit 162. The power distribution module can be configured to distribute power to remote units with or without voltage and current protections and/or sensing. The power distribution module contained in the power unit 162 may be modular where it can be removed and services or permanently installed in the power unit 162.
The exemplary computer system 340 of the power controller 188 in this embodiment includes a processing device or processor 344, a main memory 356 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), etc.), and a static memory 348 (e.g., flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM), etc.), which may communicate with each other via the data bus 350. Alternatively, the processing device 344 may be connected to the main memory 356 and/or static memory 348 directly or via some other connectivity means. The processing device 344 may be a controller, and the main memory 356 or static memory 348 may be any type of memory, each of which can be included in the power controller 188.
The processing device 344 represents one or more general-purpose processing devices such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. More particularly, the processing device 344 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, a processor implementing other instruction sets, or processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. The processing device 344 is configured to execute processing logic in instructions 346 for performing the operations and steps discussed herein.
The computer system 340 may further include a network interface device 352. The computer system 340 also may or may not include an input 354 to receive input and selections to be communicated to the computer system 340 when executing instructions. The computer system 340 also may or may not include an output 364, including but not limited to a display, a video display unit (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device (e.g., a keyboard), and/or a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse).
The computer system 340 may or may not include a data storage device that includes instructions 358 stored in a computer-readable medium 360. The instructions 358 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 356 and/or within the processing device 344 during execution thereof by the computer system 340, the main memory 356 and the processing device 344 also constituting computer-readable medium. The instructions 358 may further be transmitted or received over a network 362 via the network interface device 352.
Further, as used herein, it is intended that terms “fiber optic cables” and/or “optical fibers” include all types of single mode and multi-mode light waveguides, including one or more optical fibers that may be upcoated, colored, buffered, ribbonized and/or have other organizing or protective structure in a cable such as one or more tubes, strength members, jackets or the like. The optical fibers disclosed herein can be single mode or multi-mode optical fibers. Likewise, other types of suitable optical fibers include bend-insensitive optical fibers, or any other expedient of a medium for transmitting light signals. An example of a bend-insensitive, or bend resistant, optical fiber is ClearCurve® Multimode fiber commercially available from Corning Incorporated. Suitable fibers of this type are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2008/0166094 and 2009/0169163, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the embodiments set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which the embodiments pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. For example, the distributed antenna systems could include any type or number of communications mediums, including but not limited to electrical conductors, optical fiber, and air (i.e., wireless transmission). The distributed antenna systems may distribute any type of communications signals, including but not limited to RF communications signals and digital data communications signals, examples of which are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424 entitled “Providing Digital Data Services in Optical Fiber-based Distributed Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Systems, And Related Components and Methods,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Multiplexing, such as WDM and/or FDM, may be employed in any of the distributed antenna systems described herein, such as according to the examples provided in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424.
Therefore, it is to be understood that the description and claims are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/601,704, filed Oct. 15, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/614,124, filed Jun. 5, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,454,270, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/899,118, filed May 21, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,685,782, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US11/61761 filed Nov. 22, 2011, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/416,780 filed on Nov. 24, 2010, all of these applications being incorporated herein by reference.
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