Embodiments of the invention relate to semiconductor manufacturing. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to scribing a wafer prior to the fabrication process in order to help preserve the integrity of the fabricated devices during singulation.
Singulation is a process of separating a semiconductor die from other semiconductor dies on a wafer either completely by cutting through the wafer or by creating a trench in the wafer such that the dies can be separated relatively easily. Typically, singulation is performed after devices, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (“CMOS”) devices, are formed on the wafer.
The process of cutting into or completely through the semiconductor wafer between each die, however, can cause cracking in the surrounding semiconductor substrate. The cracking can also propagate into the devices formed on the wafer surface, causing the loss wafer die.
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:
a is a cross section of a wafer that has undergone a dicing operation according to one embodiment of the invention to form singulation trenches.
b is a cross section of a wafer according to one embodiment of the invention after devices have been formed on the wafer of
c is a closer perspective of the cross section of the wafer of
d is a closer perspective of the cross section of the wafer of
Embodiments of the invention help to reduce the risk of damage to semiconductor wafer dies caused by cracking during singulation. More particularly, embodiments of the invention reduce the risk of damage to the dies by performing at least part of the singulation process before devices, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices, are formed on the wafer surface.
Generally, embodiments of the invention help reduce the number of lost die on a wafer due to damage from singulation by forming the singulation trenches in the silicon wafer before any devices are deposited thereon. For at least one embodiment of the invention, a saw is used to create a singulation trench of approximately equal depth as the intended final die thickness. In other embodiments of the invention, an etch or laser may be used to create the singulation trenches. After devices are deposited on the wafer, the singulation trench may then be scribed with an etch or laser to remove any devices that were deposited, or any damaged silicon that resulted from the saw cut, near the singulation trench. Finally, the wafer may be back grinded to the bottom of the singulation trench or just below it in order to separate the die.
The singulation trench has also been filled with an oxide 205 in order to protect it from later processing steps and materials. For other embodiments of the invention, the oxide may only be deposited within the scribed portion 206 of the singulation trench, which is indicated by the wider portion of the trench near the surface of the wafer in
After the CMOS devices 207 and ball grid interconnects 210 had been formed on the wafer surface, the wafer was back-grinded to the bottom of the trenches 215 in order to complete the singulation process. In other embodiments, the wafer may be back-grinded to a point just below the bottom of the trenches so that a subsequent process step can separate the dies via mechanical means. For other embodiments of the invention, the back-grinding may be performed after the devices are formed on the wafer but before the ball grid interconnects are formed.
a–3d illustrate a wafer that has undergone operations included in a singulation process according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in
c is a closer perspective of the wafer cross-section, in which the singulation trench 301 has been scribed using a laser or etch process to remove any devices that were deposited, or any damaged silicon, near the singulation trench area.
d illustrates an even closer view of the singulation trench 301 separating the two die 325. As shown in
While the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments, which are apparent to persons skilled in the art to which the invention pertains are deemed to lie within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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5414297 | Morita et al. | May 1995 | A |
5716495 | Butterbaugh et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
20040232524 | Howard et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20050124140 A1 | Jun 2005 | US |