Patent Grant
11234450
The invention pertains to the areas of cosmetics, pharmacy, and food products and concerns preparations having a cooling effect on the skin or mucosa that contain menthol or menthol compounds or aromatic substances together with selected amides.
Although menthol has already been known as a cooling substance for many decades and is still indispensable today in numerous applications, this substance has a long series of drawbacks: it is volatile, has a strong odor, and has a bitter taste. At higher concentrations, it no longer provides a pleasant cooling sensation, but stings or burns. Finally, menthol cannot be formulated as desired, as it can interact with other chemical components. This has led to the development of a wide variety of menthol compounds, a number of which show improved flavor properties.
International Patent Application WO 2012 061698 A2 (Senomyx) discloses complex amides that can be used as TRPM8 modulators (Transient Receptor Potential Channel Melastin Member 8). This refers to substances that are capable of producing hot or cold sensations on the skin or mucosa. These substances are particularly recommended for use in food and body care products.
Despite the progress made in recent years and the development of increasingly effective cooling agents having a terpene structure, there is still a need, both in cosmetics and in the area of food products, for cooling agents or synergistic cooling agent mixtures that show improved sensory properties, can be more easily formulated, have a beneficial effect on the end product from the standpoint of applications engineering, and in particular, have an effect on the skin or mucosa that can be subjectively perceived as equally strong despite low application concentrations.
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide preparations of the type described above.
A first object of the invention concerns preparations having a cooling effect, containing
Surprisingly, it was found that mixtures of the amides, which are already known from WO 2012 061698, with menthol or menthol compounds of the above-described type not only have the action of synergistically increasing the cooling effect, but are also found by the consumer to taste better. The same applies for a combination of numerous aromatic substances.
In investigating the sensory properties of oral and dental care products, it was also noted that mixtures of special amides and menthol or menthol compounds synergistically reduce the solubility of hydroxyapatite and inhibit crystal growth, so that such preparations also counteract the demineralization of dental enamel and prevent tartar formation.
Amides
The amides that make up group (a) are known substances that can be manufactured by the relevant methods of organic chemistry. With respect to their manufacture, we refer in full to the contents of International Patent Application WO 2012 061698 A1, with the content disclosed therein hereby being incorporated by reference.
In this context, the two aryl or heteroaryl residues A1 and A2 in Formula (I) preferably correspond, independently of each other, to an optionally substituted phenyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazoyl, pyridyl, pyrinidinyl, or triazinyl residue. These residues may be substituted once or twice with alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, amino, N-dialkylamino, halogen, nitro, cyano, acyl, carbonyl, carboxyl esters or amide groups, wherein two substituents may optionally form an aliphatic or aromatic ring with a heteroatom of the aryl residue, giving rise to a bicyclic compound.
Group [B] preferably comprises an —OCH2—, —OCH(CH3)—, OCH(CH2CH2)3—, —CH2CH2—, or —CH═CH— residue or is derived from cyclopropane, cyclobutane, or cyclopentane.
In another preferred embodiment, Ra denotes an optionally substituted alkyl residue with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted phenyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazoyl, pyridyl, pyrinidinyl, or triazinyl residue, wherein the substitution pattern may correspond to that for A1 and A2.
Preferably, p denotes 2, while Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rf all denote hydrogen. In order to avoid ambiguity, it is specified that the individual preferred structural elements are all preferred separately or may be combined as desired with one another to form particularly preferred embodiments. In the following, the particularly preferred embodiments are explained in further detail by means of Structural Formulas A1 to A214:
The following substances are particularly preferred:
Menthol and Menthol Compounds
Menthol compounds, which can be used within the meaning of the invention and form group (b1), may be selected—in addition to the basic substance menthol itself—for example from the group composed of menthol methyl ether, menthone glyceryl acetal (FEMA GRAS1 3807), menthone glyceryl ketal (FEMA GRAS 3808), menthyl lactate (FEMA GRAS 3748), menthol ethylene glycol carbonate (FEMA GRAS 3805), menthol propylene glycol carbonate (FEMA GRAS 3806), menthyl-N-ethyloxamate, monomethyl succinate (FEMA GRAS 3810), monomenthyl glutamate (FEMA GRAS 4006), menthoxy-1,2-propanediol (FEMA GRAS 3784), menthoxy-2-methyl-1,2-propanediol (FEMA GRAS 3849), the menthane carboxylic acid esters and amides WS-3, WS-4, WS-5, WS-12, WS-14, and WS-30, as well as mixtures thereof. 1FEMA stands for “Flavor and Extracts Manufacturers Association”, and GRAS is defined as Generally Regarded As Safe”. A FEMA GRAS rating means that the substance so designated has been tested according to standard methods and is considered to be toxicologically harmless.
A first important representative of the substances constituting component (b) is monomenthyl succinate (FEMA GRAS 3810), which was patented as a substance as early as 1963 by Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,111,127), and as a cooling agent is the object of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,725,865 and 5,843,466 (V. Mane Fils). Both the succinate and the analog monomenthyl glutarate (FEMA GRAS 4006) constitute important representatives of monomenthyl esters based on di- and polycarboxylic acids:
Examples of applications of these substances can be found e.g. in the documents WO 2003 043431 (Unilever) or EP 1332772 A1 (IFF).
The next important group of preferred menthol compounds according to the invention comprises carbonate esters of menthol and polyols, such as e.g. glycols, glycerol, or carbohydrates, such as e.g. menthol ethylene glycol carbonate (FEMA GRAS 3805=Frescolat® MGC), menthol propylene glycol carbonate (FEMA GRAS 3784=Frescolat® MPC), menthol 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol carbonate (FEMA GRAS 3849), or the corresponding sugar derivatives:
The use of such substances as cooling agents for cigarettes is the object, for example, of the document U.S. Pat. No. 3,419,543 (Mold et al.) from 1968; use as a physiological cooling agent is claimed in DE 4226043 A1 (H&R).
According to the invention, preferred menthol compounds are menthyl lactate (FEMA GRAS 3748=Frescolat® ML), and in particular menthone glyceryl acetal (FEMA GRAS 3807) or menthone glyceryl ketal (FEMA GRAS 3808), which is marketed under the name Frescolat® MGA.
The former structure is obtained by esterification of lactic acid with menthol, and the latter by acetalization of menthone with glycerol (cf. DE 2608226 A1, H&R). Another member of this group of compounds is 3-(I-menthoxy)-1,2,propanediol, also known as Cooling Agent 10 (FEMA GRAS 3784, cf. U.S. Pat. No. 6,328,982, TIC), as well as 3-(I-menthoxy)-2-methyl-1,2,propanediol (FEMA GRAS 3849), which has an additional methyl group.
Manufacturing of 3-(I-menthoxy)-1,2,propanediol is conducted, for example, starting from menthol according to the following diagram (cf. U.S. Pat. No. 4,459,425, Takagaso):
Alternative routes, in which menthol is reacted with epichlorohydrin in the first step, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,407,293 and 6,515,188 (Takagaso). An overview of the preferred menthol compounds, which are characterized by a CO bond, is given below:
Among these substances, menthone glyceryl acetal/ketal, menthyl lactate, and menthol ethylene glycol carbonate or menthol propylene glycol carbonate, which are marketed by the Applicant under the names Frescolat® MGA, Frescolat® ML, Frescolat® MGC and Frescolat® MPC, have been shown to be quite particularly advantageous.
In the past century, menthol compounds having a C—C bond at position 3 were first developed in the 1970s, and a number of representatives of such compounds can also be used according to the invention. These substances are generally referred to as being of the WS type. The basic substance is a menthol derivative in which the hydroxyl is replaced by a carboxyl group (WS-1). All further WS types are derived from this structure, such as e.g. the species, also preferred according to the invention, of WS-3, WS-4, WS-5, WS-12, WS-14 and WS-30. The two diagrams below show the synthesis routes:
For example, the esters derived from WS-1 are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,157,384, and the corresponding N-substituted amides are described in J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. S. 185-200 (1978).
Aromatic Substances
The aromatic substances that form the component (b2) are selected from the group composed of anethol, acetanisole, acetaldehyde, acetylmethylcarbinol, 2-acetylpyrazine, 2-acetylpyridine, 2-acetylthiazoline, 2-acetylthiazole, allyl capronate, alpha-amylcinnamaldehyde, para-anisaldehyde, anis alcohol, dimethyl isopropyldithiazine, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, L-borneol, butyric acid, butyl acetate, 3-butylidene phtalide, capronic acid, carvacrol, L-carvone, d-carvone, carvomenthone, cis-carvyl acetate, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineol, 1,4-cineol, cinnamyl acetate, citral, citronellal, citronellol, citronellyl acetate, cumin aldehyde, cyclopentadecanolide, alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, alpha-damascenone, beta-damascenone, delta-decalactone, gamma-decalactone, dehydromenthofurolactone, dihydromenthofurolactone, 2,3-diethylpyrazine, dihydroanethol, dihydrocarvone, dihydrocumarin, beta-dihydroionone, dimethyl anthranilate, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl pyrazine, sotolone, diphenyl oxide, divanillin, 2,4-decadienal, delta-dodecalactone, gamma-dodecalactone, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl capronate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl vanillin, ethyl lactate, ethyl maltol, ethyl methylthiopropionate, 4-ethylphenol, ethyl isovalerianate, eugenol, fenchol, furaneol, filbertone, frambinone, frambinone methylether, furfurylthiol, undecatriene, geraniol, geranyl acetate, geranyl isobutyrate, guaiacol, heliotropin, 2-heptanone, Z-4-heptenal, gamma-hexalactone, gamma-heptalactone, Z-3-hexenol, E-2-hexenol, hexanol, hexyl acetate, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, E-2-hexenyl acetate, alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehyde, Z-3-hexenyl capronate, hotrienol, indole, alpha-iron, alpha-ionone, beta-ionone, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl butyrate, isoamyl isovaerianate, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl thiazole, isobutyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, isoeugenol, isomenthone, isopropyl methoxypyrazine, isobutyl methoxypyrazine, 2,4-isopropyl methylpyrazine, isopulegol, jasmine lactone, cis-jasmone, camphor, ketoisophorone, cresole, d-limonene, L-linalool, D-linalool, linalyl acetate, linalool oxide, maltol, methylcyclopentenolone, L-menthone, D-menthone, L-menthol, D-menthol, neomenthol, L-menthyl acetate, D-menthyl acetate, massoia lactone, melonal, 1,8-menthene thiol, 1,8-epithiomenthane, 8,3-thiomenthanone, menthofurolactone, menthadienyl acetate, 2,3-methoxymethylpyrazine, methyl anthranilate, methyl salicylate, thymol, methyl butyrate, 2-methyl butylacetate, methyl cinnamate, 2,3-methylfuranthiol, 2,3-methyltetrahydrofuran thiol, methyl jasmonate, methyl dihydrojasmonate, methyl thiobutyrate, 1,3-methylthiohexylacetate, 1,3-methylthiohexanol, methional, myrtenal, naringin, neral, nerol, neryl acetate, gamma-nonalactone, delta-nonalactone, E-2-nonenal, Z-6-nonenal, Z-6-nonenol, nootkatone, dihydronootkatone, 1,3-octenol, gamma-octalactone, delta-octalactone, pellitorine, 1,3-pentenone, pentyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylethyl acetate, piperitanate, prenyl thiol, prenyl thioacetate, rose oxide, rubenamine, rubescenamine, sabinene hydrate, skatole, styrolyl acetate, terpineol, 4-terpinenol, 1,3-thiohexanol, 1,3-thiohexyl acetate, 4,4,2-thiopenta none, trimethylpyrazine, gamma and delta-undecalactone, 2,4-decadienal, 2,4-nonadienal, 2,6-nonadienal, 2,4-undecadienal, vanillin, vinyl guaiacol, whisky lactone, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, diallyl dusulfide, allyl isothiocyanate, hexanal, E-2-hexenal, octanal, decanal, tridecatrienal, 12-methyltridecanal, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and piperitone, as well as mixtures thereof.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the preparations may comprise as component (c) cosmetic additives selected from the group consisting of surfactants, oil components, emulsifiers, pearlescent waxes, consistency-enhancing agents, thickeners, superfatting agents, stabilizers, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, lecithins, phospholipids, UV light protection factors, humectants, biogenic agents, antioxidants, deodorants, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, film-forming agents, swelling agents, insect repellents, self-tanning agents, tyrosine inhibitors (depigmentation agents), hydrotropes, solubilizers, preservatives, perfumed oils and dyes, as well as mixtures thereof. Such preparations, particularly if they are in the form of emulsions, are characterized by improved shelf life.
The preparations according to the invention may comprise components (a) and (b) in a ratio by weight of 0.1:99 to 99.9:1, preferably 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 25:75 to 75:25, and particularly preferably 40:60 to 60:40. The components (a+b) and (c) may be contained in a ratio by weight of 0.01:99.9 to 2:98, preferably 0.5:99.5 to 1.5:98.5, and particularly preferably about 1:99.
Cosmetic and/or Pharmaceutical Preparations
A further object of the present invention concerns cosmetic preparations, comprising
The cosmetic products should preferably be skin care products, hair care products, body care products, sunscreen products, as well as oral and dental care products. Particularly preferred are preparations in the form of emulsions, microemulsions or PIT emulsions.
A further object of the present invention concerns pharmaceutical preparations, comprising
The pharmaceutical products should preferably be lozenges, cold medication in candy form, cold syrups, cold ointments and cold sprays.
In this case, the cosmetic or pharmaceutical carriers should preferably be selected from the group composed of water, alcohols with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, polyols with 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups, and oil components. In addition to water, particularly preferred carriers are ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, and esters of linear or branched, saturated and particularly unsaturated fatty acids with 6 to 22, and preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and alcohols with 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
The cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparations according to the invention may contain components (a) and (b) in a ratio by weight of 0.1:99 to 99.9:1, preferably 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 25:75 to 75:25, and particularly preferably 40:60 to 60:40. Components (a+b) and (c) may be contained in a ratio by weight of 0.01:99.9 to 2:98, preferably 0.5:99.5 to 1.5:98.5, and particularly preferably about 1:99. The total content of components (a+b) in the final products may be between 1 and 5,000, preferably 10 to 4,000, and particularly preferably 100 to 1,000 ppm.
The cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical substances may also contain typical auxiliaries and additives, such as e.g. mild surfactants, oil components, emulsifiers, pearlescent waxes, consistency-enhancing agents, thickeners, superfatting agents, stabilizers, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, lecithins, phospholipids, UV light protection factors, humectants, biogenic agents, antioxidants, deodorants, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, film-forming agents, swelling agents, insect repellents, self-tanning agents, tyrosine inhibitors (depigmentation agents), hydrotropes, solubilizers, preservatives, perfume oils, dyes and the like.
Surfactants
The compositions may contain surface-active substances such as anionic, nonionic, cationic and/or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, whose content ordinarily averages about 1 to 70, preferably 5 to 50, and particularly preferably 10 to 30 wt %. Typical examples of anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methylester sulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, fatty acid ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride(ether)sulfates, fatty acid amide(ether)sulfates, mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acylamino acids, such as e.g. acyl lactylate, acyl tartrate, acyl glutamate, and acyl aspartate, alkyloligoglucoside sulfates, protein fatty acid condensates (particularly wheat-based plant products) and alkyl(ether)phosphates. If the anionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these may show a conventional, but preferably narrowed homologous distribution. Typical examples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized alk(en)yloligoglycosides or glucuronic acid derivatives, fatty acid N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolysates (particularly wheat-based plant products), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates, and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these may show a conventional, but preferably narrowed homologous distribution. Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, such as e.g. dimethyl distearylammonium chloride and esterquats, particularly quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts. Typical examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkyl betaine, alkylamidobetaine, aminopropionate, aminoglycinate, imidazolinium betaine and sulfobetaine. All of the aforementioned surfactants are known compounds. Typical examples of particularly suitable mild, i.e. particularly skin-compatible surfactants, are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and/or dialkylsulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, α-olefinsulfonates, ether carboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, fatty acid glucamides, alkylamidobetaine, amphoacetals, and/or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins.
Oil Components
Suitable examples of oil components include Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols with 6 to 18, and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C6-C22 fatty acids with linear or branched C6-C22 fatty alcohols or esters of branched C6-C13 carboxylic acids with linear or branched C6-C22 fatty alcohols, such as e.g. myristyl myristate, myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, myristyl isostearate, myristyl oleate, myristyl behenate, myristyl erucate, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, cetyl isostearate, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, cetyl erucate, stearyl myristate, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, stearyl isostearate, stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate, stearyl erucate, isostearyl myristate, isostearyl palmitate, isostearyl stearate, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl oleate, isostearyl behenate, isostearyl oleate, oleyl myristate, oleyl palmitate, oleyl stearate, oleyl isostearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl behenate, oleyl erucate, behenyl myristate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl stearate, behenyl isostearate, behenyl oleate, behenyl behenate, behenyl erucate, erucyl myristate, erucyl palmitate, erucyl stearate, erucyl isostearate, erucyl oleate, erucyl behenate, and erucyl erucate. Other suitable substances include esters of linear C6-C22 fatty acids with branched alcohols, particularly 2-ethylhexanol, esters of C18-C38 alkylhydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C6-C22 fatty alcohols, particularly dioctyl malate, esters of linear and/or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as e.g. propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol) and/or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C6-C10 fatty acids, liquid mono/di/triglyceride mixtures based on C6-C18 fatty acids, esters of C6-C22 fatty alcohols and/or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, particularly benzoic acid, esters of C2-C12 dicarboxylic acids with linear or branched alcohols with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or polyols with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, linear and branched C6-C22 fatty alcohol carbonates, such as e.g. dicaprylyl carbonate (Cetiol® CC), Guerbet carbonates based on fatty alcohols with 6 to 18, and preferably 8 to 10 C atoms, esters of benzoic acid with linear and/or branched C6-C22 alcohols (e.g. Finsolv® TN), linear or branched, symmetrical or unsymmetrical dialkyl ethers with 6 to 22 carbon atoms per alkyl group, such as e.g. dicaprylyl ether (Cetiol® OE), ring-opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols, silicone oils (cyclomethicones, silicon methicone products, etc.) and/or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, such as e.g. squalane, squalene, or dialkyl cyclohexanes.
Emulsifiers
Examples of suitable emulsifiers include nonionogenic surfactants from at least one of the following groups:
In the following, particularly suitable emulsifiers are explained in further detail:
(a) Alkoxylates
(a) Alkyl and/or Alkenyloligoglycosides
(b) Partial Glycerides
(c) Sorbitan Esters
(d) Polyglycerol Esters
(e) Anionic Emulsifiers
(f) Amphoteric and Cationic Emulsifiers
Fats and Waxes
Typical examples of fats are glycerides, i.e. solid or liquid plant or animal products, which are essentially composed of mixed glycerol esters of higher fatty acids, suitable waxes include, for example, natural waxes, such as e.g. candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax, beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (woolwax), uropygial fat, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax), petrolatum, paraffin waxes, microwaxes; chemically modified waxes (hard waxes), such as e.g. montan ester waxes, sasol waxes, hydrogenated jojoba waxes such as synthetic waxes, e.g. polyalkylene waxes and polyethylene glycol waxes. In addition to fats, fat-like substances are also suitable as additives, such as lecithins and phospholipids. The term lecithins is understood by the person having ordinary skill in the art as referring to glycerophospholipids which are formed by esterification from fatty acids, glycerol, phosphoric acid, and choline. Therefore, lecithins are often also referred to in the expert community as phosphatidylcholines (PC). Examples of natural lecithins include the cephalins which are also referred to as phosphatidic and constitute derivatives of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoric acids. In contrast, phospholipids are usually understood to refer to mono- and preferably diesters of phosphoric acid with glycerol (glycerol phosphate), which are generally classified as fats. Sphingosines or sphingolipids are also suitable.
Pearlescent Waxes
Examples of pearlescent waxes include: alkylene glycol esters, particularly ethylene glycol distearate; fatty acid alkanolamides, particularly coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; partial glycerides, particularly stearic acid monoglyceride; esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, particularly long-chain esters of tartaric acid; fatty substances, such as e.g. fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers, and fatty carbonates, which have a total of at least 24 carbon atoms, particularly laurone and distearyl ether; fatty acids such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring-opening products of olefin epoxides having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and/or polyols having 2 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups, and mixtures thereof.
Consistency-Enhancing Agents and Thickeners
Primarily suitable as consistency-enhancing agents are fatty alcohols or hydroxy fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, and partial glycerides, fatty acids, or hydroxy fatty acids are also suitable. Preferred is a combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and/or fatty acid-N-methyl glucamides of the same chain length and/or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates. Suitable thickeners are for example aerosils (hydrophilic silicic acids), polysaccharides, particularly xanthan gum, guar-guar, agar-agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl cellulose, as well as higher-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, (e.g. the Carbopole® and Pemulen product lines from Goodrich; Synthalene® from Sigma; the Keltrol product line from Kelco; the Sepigel product line from Seppic; the Salcare product line from Allied Colloids), polyacrylamides, polymers, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Bentonites, such as e.g. Bentone® Gel VS-5PC (Rheox), which are a mixture of cyclopentasiloxane, disteardimonium hectorite, and propylene carbonate, have also been found to be particularly effective. Also suitable are surfactants, such as e.g. ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as e.g. pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrowed homologous distribution, or alkyl oligoglucosides, as well as electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
Superfatting Agents
Superfatting agents suitable for use are substances such as e.g. lanolin and lecithin, as well as polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides, and fatty acid alkanolamides, wherein the latter also serve as foam stabilizers.
Stabilizers
As stabilizers, metal salts of fatty acids, such as e.g. magnesium, aluminum, and/or zinc stearate or ricinoleate, may be used.
Polymers
Suitable cationic polymers are for example cationic cellulose derivatives, such as e.g. a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose available from Amerchol under the name JR 400®, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole polymers, such as e.g. Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides, such as e.g. lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat® L/Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethylenimine, cationic silicone polymers, such as e.g. amodimethicone, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretine®/Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyl diallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550/Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides and crosslinked water-soluble polymers thereof, cationic chitin derivatives such as e.g. quaternized chitosan, optionally in the form of a microcrystalline dispersion, condensation products of dihalogenalkylenes such as e.g. dibromobutane with bis-dialkylamines such as e.g. bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum, such as e.g. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, or Jaguar® C-16 from Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers, such as e.g. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 from Miranol.
Examples of suitable anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, and nonionic polymers include vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate/butyl maleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers and esters thereof, uncrosslinked polyacrylic acids and those crosslinked with polyols, acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride/acrylate copolymers, octylacrylamide/methyl methacrylate/tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate/2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/vinylcaprolactam terpolymers, as well as optionally derivatized cellulose ether and silicones.
Silicone Compounds
Suitable silicone compounds are for example dimethyl polysiloxanes, methylphenyl polysiloxanes, cyclic silicones, as well as amino, fatty-acid, alcohol, polyether, epoxy, fluorine, glycoside and/or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, which may be either liquid or resinous at room temperature. Also suitable are simethicones, which are mixtures of dimethicones with an average chain length of 200 to 300 dimethyl siloxane units, and hydrogenated silicates.
UV Light Protection Factors
The term UV light protection factors is understood, for example to refer to organic substances that are liquid or crystalline at room temperature (light protection filters), which are capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation and then giving off the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wavelength radiation, e.g. heat. Ordinarily, the UV light protection factors are present in amounts of 0.1 to 5, and preferably 0.2 to 1 wt %. UVB filters may be oil-soluble or water-soluble. The following can be mentioned as examples of oil-soluble substances, e.g.:
Suitable water-soluble substances include:
Among typical UV-A filters, derivatives of benzoylmethane are particularly suitable, such as e.g. 1-(4′-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol® 1789), 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-benzoic acid hexyl ester (Uvinul® A Plus), 1-phenyl-3-(4′-isopropylphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione, as well as enamine compounds. The UV-A and UV-B filters may of course also be used in mixtures. Particularly favorable combinations consist of derivatives of benzoylmethane, e.g. 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol® 1789) and 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid-2-ethyl-hexyl ester (octocrylene) in combination with esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester and/or 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester and/or 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester. Advantageously, such combinations are combined with water-soluble filters such as e.g. 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium, and glucammonium salts thereof.
In addition to the above-mentioned soluble substances, insoluble light protection pigments are also suitable for this purpose, i.e. finely-dispersed metal oxides or salts. Examples of particularly suitable metal oxides are zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium, as well as mixtures thereof. Silicate (talc), barium sulfate, or zinc stearate may be used as salts. The oxides and salts are used in the form of pigments for in the form of skin care skin care and skin protective emulsions and decorative cosmetics. In this case, the particles have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm, and particularly preferably between 15 and 30 nm. They may have a spherical shape, but particles may also be used that have an ellipsoid shape or deviate from spherical form in any other manner. The pigments may also be surface-treated, i.e. be in hydrophilized or hydrophobized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, such as e.g. titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex® T2000, Eusolex® T, Eusolex® T-ECO, Eusolex® T-S, Eusolex® T-Aqua, Eusolex® T-45D (all Merck), Uvinul TiO2 (BASF). As hydrophobic coating agents, silicones are preferred, and trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones are particularly preferred. In sunscreen products, substances referred to as micro- or nanopigments are preferably used. Micronized zinc oxides such as e.g. Z-COTE® or Z-COTE® HP1® are most preferably used.
Humectants
Humectants are used for further optimization of the sensory properties of the composition and for moisture regulation of the skin. At the same time, the cold stability of the preparations according to the invention, particularly in the case of emulsions, is increased. Humectants are ordinarily contained in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt %, preferably 1 to 10 wt %, and particularly preferably 5 to 10 wt %.
Examples of suitable substances according to the invention are amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, lactic acid and salts thereof, lactitol, urea and urea derivatives, uric acid, glucosamine, creatinine, collagen cleavage products, chitosan or chitosan salts/derivatives, and particularly polyols and polyol derivatives (e.g. glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, erythritol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, polyethylene glycols such as PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14, PEG-16, PEG-18, PEG-20), sugars and sugar derivatives (including fructose, glucose, maltose, maltitol, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, sorbityl silanediol, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, xylitol, glucuronic acid, and salts thereof), ethoxylated sorbitol (Sorbeth-6, Sorbeth-20, Sorbeth-30, Sorbeth-40), honey and hydrogenated honey, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, as well as mixtures of hydrogenated wheat protein and PEG-20-acetate copolymer. Preferred according to the invention as humectants are glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, and butylene glycol.
Biogenic Agents and Antioxidants
Biogenic agents are understood to refer, for example, to tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, (deoxy)ribonucleic acid and fragmentation products thereof, β-glucane, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts, such as e.g. prunus extract, bambara nut extract, and vitamin complexes.
Antioxidants disrupt the photochemical reaction chain that is triggered when UV radiation penetrates the skin. Typical examples of these substances are amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and derivatives thereof, imidazole (e.g. urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof, peptides such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and derivatives thereof (e.g. anserine), carotinoids, carotenes (e.g. α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and derivatives thereof, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, liponic acid and derivatives thereof (e.g. dihydroliponic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof) as well as salts thereof, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipides, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts), as well as sulfoximine compounds (e.g. buthionine sulfoximine, homocysteine sulfoximine, buthioninsulfone, penta-, hexa-, heptathioninsulfoximine) in very low tolerable dosages (e.g. pmol to μmol/kg), further (metal) chelators (e.g. α-hydroxyfatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof (e.g. γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate), as well as coniferyl benzoate from benzoin, rutic acid and derivatives thereof, α-glycosylrutin, ferulic acid, furfurylidene glucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiac resin acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and derivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, superoxide dismutase, zinc and derivatives thereof (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO4) selenium and derivatives thereof (e.g. selenium methionine), stilbenes and derivatives thereof (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and suitable derivatives according to the invention of the above-mentioned active ingredients (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids).
Deodorants and Antibacterial Agents
Cosmetic deodorants (deodorizing agents) counteract, mask, or eliminate body odors. Body odors occur due to the effect of skin bacteria on apocrine perspiration, causing the formation of unpleasant-smelling degradation product. Accordingly, deodorants contain active ingredients that function as bacteriostatic agents, enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers, or odor-masking agents.
(a) Bacteriostatic Agents
(b) Enzyme Inhibitors
(c) Odor Absorbers
(d) Antiperspirants
Film-Forming Agents
Common film-forming agents are for example chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid, or salts thereof and similar compounds.
Antidandruff Agents
Suitable antidandruff agents include piroctone olamine(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2-(1H)-pyridinone monoethanolamine salt), Baypival® (climbazole), Ketoconazol®, (4-acetyl-1-{-4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) r-2-(1H-imidazole-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxylane-c-4-ylmethoxyphenyl}piperazine, ketoconazole, elubiol, selenium disulfide, colloidal sulfur, sulfur polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate, sulfur rizinol polyethoxylate, sulfur-tar distillates, salicylic acid (or in combination with hexachlorophene), undecylenic acid monoethanolamide sulfosuccinate Na-salt, Lamepon® UD (protein-undecylenic acid condensate), zinc pyrithione, aluminum pyrithione, and magnesium pyrithione/dipyrithione-magnesium sulfate.
Swelling Agents
Swelling agents for aqueous phases may be montmorillonites, clay mineral substances, Pemulen, as well as alkyl-modified carbopols (Goodrich). Further suitable polymers or swelling agents may be seen in the overview of R. Lochhead in Cosm. Toil. 108, 95 (1993).
Insect Repellents
Suitable insect repellents are N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1,2-pentanediol, or ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate. Dihydroxyacetone is suitable as a self-tanning agent. Examples of suitable tyrosine inhibitors, which prevent the formation of melanin and are used in depigmentation agents, include arbutin, ferulic acid, kojic acid, cumaric acid and ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
Ingredients for Oral and Dental Core Products
Arbutin toothpastes or tooth creams are generally understood to refer to gel-type or pasty preparations of water, thickeners, humectants, polishing or abrasive particles, surfactants, sweeteners, aromatic substances, deodorizing agents, as well as agents against oral and dental diseases. In the toothpastes according to the invention, all common abrasive particles, such as e.g. chalk, dicalcium phosphate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate, aluminum silicates, calcium pyrophosphate, fine particle artificial resins, silicic acids, aluminum oxide, and aluminum oxide trihydrate may be used.
Preferred suitable abrasive particles for the toothpastes according to the invention are chiefly fine particle xerogel silicic acids, hydrogel silicic acids, precipitated silicic acids, aluminum oxide trihydrate, and fine particle alpha-aluminum oxide or mixtures of these abrasive particles in amounts of 15 to 40 wt % of the toothpaste. Suitable as humectants are primarily low molecular weight polyethylene glycols, glycerol, sorbitol or mixtures of these products in amounts of up to 50 wt %. Among the known thickeners, the thickening, fine particle gel silicic acids and hydrocolloids, such as e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl guar, hydroxyethyl starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, plant gums such as traganth, agar-agar, carrageen moss, gum arabic, xanthan gum, and carboxyvinyl polymers (e.g. Carbopol® products) are suitable. In addition to the mixtures of menthofuran and menthol compounds, the oral and dental care products may contain in particular surface-active substances, preferably anionic and nonionic high-foaming surfactants, such as the above-mentioned substances, particularly, however, alkyl ether sulfate salts, alkyl polyglucosides, and mixtures thereof.
Further common toothpaste additives are:
In a preferred embodiment of the cosmetic preparations, toothpastes are in the form of an aqueous, pasty dispersion containing polishing agents, humectants, viscosity regulators, and optionally other common components, as well as a mixture of menthofuran and menthol compounds in amounts of 0.5 to 2 wt %.
In mouthwashes, a combination with aqueous alcohol solutions containing various concentrations of ethereal oils, emulsifiers, astringents, and tonifying medicinal extracts, anti-tartar, antibacterial additives and flavor adjusters is quite possible. Another preferred embodiment of the invention is a mouthwash in the form of an aqueous or aqueous alcohol solution containing a mixture of menthofuran and menthol compounds in amounts of 0.5 to 2 wt %. In mouthwashes that are diluted before use, sufficient effects can be achieved with higher concentrations, depending on the dilution ratio in question.
Hydrotropes
In addition, in order to improve flow behavior, hydrotropes, such as e.g. ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or polyols may be used; these substances largely correspond to the carriers described at the outset. Polyols that are suitable for this purpose should preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyols may also contain other functional groups, particularly amino groups, or be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are:
Preservatives
Examples of suitable preservatives include phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid, as well as the silver complex under the name Surfacine® and the further substance classes listed in Attachment 6, Sections A and B of the Cosmetics Regulation.
Perfume Oils and Aromas
As perfume oils, one can mention mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, rose, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anis, coriander, caraway seeds, juniper berry), fruit peels (bergamot, lemon, orange), roots (mace, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, calmus), woods (pine, sandal, guaiac, cedar, rosewoods), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemon grass, sage, thyme), needles and branches (spruce, fir, pine, mountain pine), resins and balsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanumum, opopanax). Also suitable are animal raw materials, such as e.g. civet and castoreum. Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethylisobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formiate, ethylmethylphenyl glycinate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate, and benzyl salicylate. Examples of ethers are e.g. benzylethyl ether, and examples of aldehydes are e.g. linear alkanals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial, and bourgeonal, examples of the ketones are e.g. the ionones, α-isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone, examples of the alcohols are anethol, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, and examples of the hydrocarbons are mainly the terpenes and balsams. Preferred, however, is the use of mixtures of different fragrances, which together produce a pleasant scent. Ethereal oils of lower volatility, which are mostly used as aroma components, are also suitable as perfume oils, e.g. sage oil, camomile oil, clove oil, melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and lavandin oil. Preferably, bergamot oil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexyl cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen aldehyde, linalool, boisambrene forte, ambroxan, indole, gedione, sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allyl amyl glycolate, cyclovertal, lavandin oil, clary sage oil, β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix coeur, iso-E-super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilat, irotyl and floramat are used, individually or in mixtures.
Suitable aromatic agents include peppermint oil, spearmint oil, aniseed oil, star aniseed oil, caraway seed oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, lemon oil, wintergreen oil, clove oil, menthol and the like.
Dyes
Substances that are suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes may be used, such as listed for example in the publication “Cosmetic Dyes” of the Dye Commission of the German Research Association, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106. Examples are cochineal red A (C.I. 16255), patent blue V (C.I. 42051), indigotin (C.I. 73015), chlorophyllin (C.I. 75810), quinoline yellow (C.I. 47005), titanium dioxide (C.I. 77891), indanthrene blue RS (C.I. 69800) and alizarin red (C.I. 58000). Luminol may also be included as a luminescent dye. These dyes are ordinarily used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 wt % with respect to the mixture as a whole.
The total amount of the auxiliaries and additives can be 1 to 50, and preferably 5 to 40 wt %—with respect to the agents in question. The agents may be manufactured by means of common cold or hot processes; the phase inversion temperature method is preferably used.
Food Preparations
A further object of the invention concerns food preparations, comprising
The carrier may be selected from the group composed of water, ethanol and glycerol.
The food preparations should preferably be beverages, dairy products, baked goods, and in particular chewing gums and bonbons.
The preparations according to the invention may contain the components (a) and (b) in a ratio by weight of 0.1:99 to 99.9:1, particularly 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 25:75 to 75:25, and particularly preferably 40:60 to 60:40. The components (a+b) and (c) may be contained in a ratio by weight of 0.01:99.9 to 2:98, preferably 0.5:99.5 to 1.5:98.5, and particularly preferably about 1:99. The total content of the components (a+b) in the final products may be between 1 and 5,000, preferably 10 to 4,000, and particularly preferably 100 to 1,000 ppm.
Chewing Gums
Preferred food preparations, which contain as flavorings mixtures of the amides and menthol or the menthol compounds, are chewing gums. These products typically comprise water-insoluble and water-soluble components.
Water-Insoluble Base
The water-insoluble base, also referred to as the “gum base”, ordinarily comprises natural or synthetic elastomers, resins, fats and oils, softeners, fillers, dyes, and optionally waxes. The amount of the base with respect to the total composition is ordinarily 5 to 95, preferably 10 to 50, and particularly preferably 20 to 35 wt %. In a typical embodiment of the invention, the base is composed of 20 to 60 wt % synthetic elastomers, 0 to 30 wt % natural elastomers, 5 to 55 wt % softeners, 4 to 35 wt % fillers and in secondary amounts, additives such as dyes, antioxidants, and the like, with the proviso that they are water-soluble in small amounts if applicable.
Examples of suitable synthetic elastomers include polyisobutylenes with average molecular weights (according to GPC) of 10,000 to 100,000, and preferably 50,000 to 80,000, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers (“butyl elastomers”), styrene-butadiene copolymers (styrene:butadiene ratio e.g. 1:3 to 3:1), polyvinyl acetates with average molecular weights (according to GPC) of 2,000 to 90,000, and preferably 10,000 to 65,000, polyisoprenes, polyethylene, vinyl acetate-vinyl laurate copolymers and mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable natural elastomers are rubbers such as smoked or liquid latex or guayule, as well as natural gums such as jelutong, lechi caspi, perillo, sorva, massaranduba balata, massaranduba chocolate, nispero, rosindinba, chicle, gutta hang hang, as well as mixtures thereof. The selection of the synthetic and natural elastomers and their mixing ratios essentially depends on whether the chewing gums are intended for blowing bubbles (“bubble gums”) or not. Preferably, elastomer mixtures are used that contain jelutong, chicle, sorva and massaranduba.
In most case, the elastomers are found in processing to be too hard or insufficiently malleable, so it has been found to be advantageous to include special softeners, which of course must in particular meet all requirements for approval as food additives. In this respect, it is primarily esters of resin acids that are suitable, for example esters of lower aliphatic alcohols or polyols with fully or partially hydrogenated monomers or oligomeric resin acids. In particular, methyl, glycero-, or pentarerythritol esters, as well as mixtures thereof, are used for this purpose. Alternatively terpene resins that can be derived from alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-limonene or mixtures thereof are also suitable.
As fillers or texturizers, magnesium or calcium carbonate, ground pumice, silicates, particularly magnesium or aluminum silicates, clays, aluminum oxides, talc, titanium dioxide, mono-, di- and tricalciumphosphate, as well as cellulose polymers, are suitable.
Suitable emulsifiers are tallow, hydrogenated tallow, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, cocoa butter, partial glycerides, lecithin, triacetin and saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 and preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, as well as mixtures thereof.
For example, suitable dyes and whiteners are FD and C types and plant and fruit extracts approved for use as food dyes, as well as titanium dioxide.
Base compositions may contain waxes or be wax-free; examples of wax-free compositions can be found inter alia in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,500, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Water-Soluble Components
In addition to the water-insoluble gum base, chewing gum preparations regularly contain a water-soluble component that is composed for example of softeners, sweeteners, fillers, flavorings, flavor enhancers, emulsifiers, dyes, acidifying agents, antioxidants and the like, here with the proviso that the components show at least sufficient water-solubility. Depending on the water-solubility of the particular component, individual components may therefore be part of either the water-insoluble or the water-soluble phase. However, it is also possible to use combinations, for example of a water-soluble and a water-insoluble emulsifier, wherein the individual components are then in different phases. Ordinarily, the water-insoluble portion accounts for 5 to 95, and preferably 20 to 80 wt % of the composition.
Water-soluble softeners or plasticizing agents are added to the chewing gum compositions in order to improve chewability and the chewing sensation, and are typically present in the mixture in amounts of 0.5 to 15 wt %. Typical examples are glycerol, lecithin, as well as aqueous solutions of sorbitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, or corn syrup.
Both sugar-containing and sugar-free compounds are suitable as sweeteners, which are used in amounts of 5 to 95, preferably 20 to 80, and particularly preferably 30 to 60 wt % with respect to the chewing gum composition. Typical saccharide sweeteners are sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, fructose, levulose, galactose, corn syrup, as well as mixtures thereof. Suitable sugar substitutes are sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, maltitol and mixtures thereof. Also suitable as additives are the sweeteners referred to as HIAS (“High Intensity Artificial Sweeteners”), such as e.g. sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame salts, alitam, saccharin and saccharin salts, cyclamic acid and salts thereof, glycyrrhizins, dihydrochalcones, thaumatin, monellin and the like, individually or in blends. The hydrophobic HIAS, which are the object of International Patent Application WO 2002 091849 A1 (Wrigley's), as well as stevia extracts and active components thereof, particularly ribeaudioside A, are particularly effective. The amount of these substances used depends primarily on their performance and is typically in the range of 0.02 to 8 wt %.
Particularly suitable for the production of low-calorie chewing gums are fillers such as e.g. polydextrose, raftilose, rafitiline, fructooligosaccha rides (NutraFlora), palatinose oligosaaccharides, guar gum hydrolysate (Sun Fiber), and dextrins.
The selection of further flavorings is virtually unlimited and uncritical for the essence of the invention. Ordinarily, the total amount of all flavorings is 0.1 to 15, and preferably 0.2 to 5 wt % with respect to the chewing gum composition. Examples of other suitable flavorings include essential oils, synthetic flavorings and the like, such as e.g. aniseed oil, star aniseed oil, caraway seed oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, lemon oil, wintergreen oil, clove oil, and the like, such as those used for example in oral and dental care products.
Moreover, the chewing gums may contain auxiliaries and additives that are suitable for example for dental care, particularly for fighting plaque and gingivitis, such as e.g. chlorhexidine, CPC, or trichlosan. pH-regulators (e.g. buffers or urea), anti-cavity agents (e.g. phosphates or fluorides), and biogenic agents (antibodies, enzymes, caffeine, plant extracts) may be included, provided these substances are approved for use in foods and do not interact with one another in an unfavorable manner.
Capsules
The preparations of the special amides and menthol or the menthol compounds, individually or in finished, fabricated cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food preparations, may also be prepared in capsule form. In addition to common macrocapsules based on gelatin, the type referred to as micro- or nanocapsules is suitable. These are understood by the person having ordinary skill in the art to include spherical aggregates with a diameter in the range of about 0.0001 to about 5 and preferably 0.005 to 0.5 mm that contain at least one solid or liquid core that is enclosed in at least one continuous shell. More precisely, these are finely-dispersed liquid or solid phases enclosed by film-forming polymers which, during manufacturing, precipitate on the material to be enclosed after emulsification and coacervation or interfacial polymerization. According to another process, molten waxes are absorbed into a matrix (a “microsponge”, and these waxes may additionally be enclosed as microparticles in film-forming polymers. According to a third process, particles are alternately coated with polyelectrolytes having varying charges (the “layer-by-layer” process). The microscopically small capsules can be dried as a powder. In addition to single-core microcapsules, multi-core aggregates, also referred to as microspheres, are known, which contain two or more cores distributed in continuous shell material. Single- or multicore microcapsules may also be enclosed in an additional second, third, etc. shell. The shell may consist of natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic materials. Examples of natural shell materials are gum arabic, agar-agar, agarose, maltodextrins, alginic acid, or salts thereof, e.g. sodium or calcium alginate, fats and fatty acids, cetyl alcohol, collagen, chitosan, lecithins, gelatin, albumin, shellac, polysaccharides such as starch or dextrane, polypeptides, protein hydrolysates, sucrose, and waxes. Semi-synthetic shell materials include chemically modified celluloses, particularly cellulose esters and ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose, as well as starch derivatives, particularly starch ether and esters. Synthetic shell materials are for example polymers such as polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Examples of microcapsules of prior art are the following commercial products (the respective shell materials are indicated in parentheses): Hallcrest Microcapsules (gelatin, gum arabic), Coletico Thalaspheres (maritime collagen), Lipotec Millicapseln (alginic acid, agar-agar), Induchem Unispheres (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose); Unicerin C30 (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose), Kobo glycospheres (modified starch, fatty acid esters, phospholipids), Softspheres (modified agar-agar) and Kuhs Probiol Nanospheres (phospholipids), as well as Primaspheres and Primasponges (chitosan, alginates) and Primasys (phospholipids). Particularly interesting for the encapsulation of preparations for cosmetic use are coacervates of cationic polymers, particularly of chitosan, with anionic polymers, particularly alginates. Corresponding processes are described for example in the documents WO 2001001926, WO 2001 001927, WO 2001 001928, and WO 2001 001929 (Cognis).
Gel-Forming Agents
Microcapsules are frequently the agents dissolved or dispersed in a gel phase. Preferred as gel-forming agents are substances that show the property of forming gels in aqueous solution at temperatures above 40° C. Typical examples of these are heteropolysaccharides and proteins. Preferred as thermogelling heteropolysaccharides are agaroses, which in the form of agar-agar obtained from red algae may also be present with up to 30 wt % of non-gel-forming agaropectin. The main components of the agaroses are linear polysaccharides of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, which are alternatingly bonded at β-1,3 and β-1,4. The heteropolysaccharides preferably have a molecular weight in the range of 110,000 to 160,000, and are both colorless and tasteless. Suitable alternatives are pectins, xanthans (including xanthan Gum), and mixtures thereof. Moreover, preferred types still form gels in a 1 wt % aqueous solution that do not melt below 80′C and resolidify above 40° C. Examples of the group of the thermogelling proteins are the various types of gelatin.
Cationic Polymers
Suitable cationic polymers include cationic cellulose derivatives, such as e.g. a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose available from Amerchol under the name Polymer JR 400®, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole polymers, such as e.g. Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides such as e.g. lauryl dimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat® L/Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers such as e.g. amodimethicone, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretine®/Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550/Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides, as well as crosslinked water-soluble polymers thereof, cationic chitin derivatives such as e.g. quaternized chitosan, optionally in microcrystalline dispersion form, condensation products of dihalogenalkylenes such as e.g. dibromobutane with bisdialkylamines such as e.g. bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gums such as e.g. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 produced by Celanese, and quaternized ammonium salt polymers such as e.g. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 produced by Miranol. Chitosan is preferably used as an encapsulation material. Chitosans constitute biopolymers and are classified in the group of the hydrocolloids. From a chemical standpoint, these are partially deacetylate chitins of differing molecular weights that comprise the following-idealized-monomer component:
In contrast to most hydrocolloids, which are negatively charged in the range of biological pH values, chitosans are cationic biopolymers under these conditions. The positively charged chitosans may interact with surfaces of the opposite charge, and are therefore used in cosmetic hair and body care products, as well as pharmaceutical preparations. The starting material for the production of chitosan is chitin, preferably from the shell residues of crustaceans, which are available in large amounts as cheap raw materials. In this case, in a process first described by Hackmann et al., the chitin is ordinarily first deproteinized by adding bases, then demineralized by adding mineral acids, and finally deacylated by adding strong bases, wherein the molecular weights may be spread over a broad spectrum. The types used should preferably have an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000 or 800,000 to 1,200,000 daltons and/or a viscosity according to Brookfield (1 wt % in glycolic acid) of below 5,000 mPas, a degree of deacetylation in the range of 80 to 88%, and an ash content of less than 0.3 wt %. As a rule, in order to improve water solubility, chitosans are used in form of their salts, preferably as glycolates.
Anionic Polymers
The purpose of the anionic polymers is to form membranes with cationic polymers. For this purpose, salts of alginic acid are particularly suitable. Alginic acid is a mixture of carboxyl-groups-containing polysaccharides with the following idealized monomer component:
The average molecular weight of the alginic acids or the alginates is in the range of 150,000 to 250,000. In this case, salts of alginic acid are to be understood as both the complete and partial neutralization products thereof, particularly the alkali salts, and among these, preferably sodium alginate (“algin”), as well as the ammonium and alkaline earth salts. Particularly preferred are mixed alginates such as e.g. sodium/magnesium or sodium/calcium alginates.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, however, anionic chitosan derivatives, such as e.g. carboxylation and in particular succinylation products, are also suitable for this purpose. Alternatively, poly(meth)acrylates with average molecular weights in the range of 5,000 to 50,000 daltons, as well as the various carboxymethyl celluloses, are also suitable. Instead of anionic polymers, anionic surfactants or low molecular weight inorganic salts such as e.g. pyrophosphates may also be used to form the shell membrane.
Encapsulation
In order to manufacture microcapsules, one ordinarily takes a 1 to 10, and preferably a 2 to 5 wt % aqueous solution of the gel-forming agents, preferably agar-agar, and heats this under reflux. When the solution boils, preferably at 80 to 100° C., a second aqueous solution is added that contains the cationic polymer, preferably chitosan, in amounts of 0.1 to 2, and preferably 0.25 to 0.5 wt % and the agents in amounts of 0.1 to 25, and particularly preferably 0.25 to 10 wt %; this mixture is called the matrix. Loading of the microcapsules with the agents can also be 0.1 to 25 wt % with respect to the capsule weight. If desired, water-insoluble components such as inorganic pigments may also be added at this time to adjust the viscosity, with these being added as a rule in the form of aqueous or aqueous/alcoholic dispersions. In order to emulsify or disperse the active ingredients, it can further be beneficial to add to the matrix emulsifiers and/or solubilizers. After production of the matrix from gel-forming agents, cationic polymers, and active ingredients, the matrix may optionally be very finely dispersed in an oil phase with strong shear in order to produce the smallest possible particles in the subsequent encapsulation. In this case, it has been found to be particularly advantageous to heat the matrix to temperatures in the range of 40 to 60° C. while the oil phase is cooled to 10 to 20° C. In the final step, which is compulsory, the actual encapsulation takes place, i.e. the formation of the shell membrane by bringing the cationic polymer in the matrix into contact with the anionic polymers. For this purpose, it is recommended to treat the matrix, which is optionally dispersed in the oil phase, at a temperature in the range of 40 to 100, and preferably 50 to 60° C., with an approx. 1 to 50 and preferably 10 to 15 wt % aqueous solution of the anionic polymer, and in this process—if necessary—to remove the oil phase simultaneously or subsequently. As a rule, the aqueous preparations resulting from this process show a microcapsule content in the range of 1 to 10 wt %. In many cases, it can be advantageous if the solution of the polymers contains other ingredients, for example emulsifiers or preservatives. After filtration, microcapsules are obtained that show an average diameter preferably in the range of about 0.01 to 1 mm. It is recommended to screen the capsules in order to ensure that the size distribution is as uniform as possible. Although the microcapsules obtained in this manner may show any form desired, within the limits imposed by production, they are preferably approximately spherical. Alternatively, the anionic polymers may also be used to produce the matrix, and encapsulation may be carried out with the cationic polymers, particularly the chitosans.
Alternatively, encapsulation may also take place under exclusive use of cationic polymers, thus taking advantage of the property of these polymers of coagulating at pH values above the pKs value.
In a second alternative process, in order to produce the microcapsules according to the invention, an O/W emulsion is first prepared, which in addition to the oil component, water, and the agents, also contains an effective amount of an emulsifier. In order to prepare the matrix, this composition is mixed with a corresponding amount of an aqueous anionic polymer solution while stirring vigorously. Membrane formation is carried out by adding the chitosan solution. The entire process preferably takes place in the weakly acidic range of pH=3 to 4. If necessary, the pH can be adjusted by adding mineral acids. After membrane formation, the pH value is increased to 5 to 6, for example by adding triethanolamine or another base. This causes an increase in the viscosity, which can be further supported by adding more thickeners, such as e.g. polysaccharides, particularly xanthan gum, guar-guar, agar-agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, and the like. Finally the microcapsules are separated from the aqueous phase, for example by decanting, filtration, or centrifugation.
In a third alternative process, formation of the microcapsules takes place around a preferably solid, for example a crystalline core, with the core being enclosed layer by layer by oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. In this connection, we refer to European Patent EP 1064088 B1 (Max-Planck Gesellschaft).
Application of the Preparations
Finally, the invention also concerns the application of mixtures containing
Chewing gum compositions made up of 20 wt % polyisobutylene (MW 60,000), 51 wt % sorbitol, 5 wt % mannitol, 8 wt % glycerol, 8.2 wt % of a 1:1 mixture of Lycasin and glycerol, 0.2 wt % lecithin (water ad 99.5 wt %) were produced and mixed with 0.5 wt % each of various cooling agents. The chewing gum compositions were than subjected to sensory evaluation by a panel consisting of 5 trained persons on a scale from 1 (barely noticeable) to 10 (dominant). The composition of the cooling agents, as well as the evaluation of the individual taste and scent ratings (the average value of the evaluations is given in each case) are summarized in Table 1. Examples 1 to 7 are according to the invention, with Examples V1 to V4 serving as comparisons.
In sensory evaluation, all of the formulations according to the invention showed results clearly superior to the comparison products; specifically, the formulations tasted sweet rather than bitter, the tar taste was almost completely masked, and the unpleasant spicy-pungent odor was clearly reduced.
Various clear O/W sunscreen emulsions were produced according to the PIT method by mixing the components according to Table 2:
The sunscreen lotions differed only with respect to the cooling agents, which in one case were various methyl compounds individually and in (1:1) mixtures with 2-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)-N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-(thiophen-2-yl)-methylacetamide (structure A86).
After being produced, the lotions were placed in clear PET bottles and stored at 30° C. The lotions were then evaluated for appearance after 12, 24, and 48 h. In this example, (+)=unchanged; (#)=minor droplet formation, and (−)=precipitation of oil droplets on the surface, accompanied by slight yellow discoloration. The results are summarized in Table 3. Examples 8 to 14 are according to the invention, with Examples V5 to V8 again serving as comparisons. The preparations according to the invention show clearly improved stability.
The following tables show numerous formulation examples for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food preparations.
In order to determine the reduction in apatite stability, a blind test was first conducted. For this purpose, a reaction vessel with 300 ml of desalinated water was temperature-controlled to 37° C., and 0.5 g of hydroxyapatite powder (spec. surface area 60 m2/g, Merck) was suspended therein. The pH value of the suspension was kept at a constant value of 5 by means of an automatic burette used to add lactic acid. The amount of 0.1 molar lactic acid consumed in order to stabilize the pH was registered with a recorder. The consumption of lactic acid registered after 2 hours was equivalent to the solubility of the untreated hydroxyapatite powder (Lu).
The test was then continued adding 50 or 150 mg of the active ingredient mixture to be tested. The consumption of lactic acid registered after 2 hours was equivalent to the solubility of the treated hydroxyapatite powder (Lb). The reduction in apatite solubility (ALR in %) caused by the active ingredient was calculated as follows:
ALR (%)=(Lu−Lb)*100/Lu (%)
The results of the measurements are summarized in Table 5.
In order to determine inhibition of crystal growth (KWI in %) by hydroxyapatite, a blind test was also first conducted. For this purpose, a reaction vessel with 400 ml of a 0.0008 molar solution of KH2PO4 and 45 ml of a 0.012 molar solution of CaCl2 was prepared. This solution was adjusted to a pH of 7.4 by titration with a 0.05 molar solution of KOH. After a stable pH value had been maintained for at least 30 minutes, 100 mg of hydroxyapatite powder (spec. surface area 60 m2/g, Merck) was added. The pH value of the suspension was kept at a constant value of 7.4 by means of an automatic burette which can be used to add 0.05 molar KOH solution. The amount of 0.05 molar KOH solution consumed in order to stabilize the pH was registered with a recorder. The consumption of KOH solution (Ku) registered after 2 hours was equivalent to the formation of hydroxyapatite (growth of crystals in the suspension).
The test was then continued adding 6 or 30 mg of the active ingredient to be tested. The consumption of 0.05 molar KOH solution (Kb) registered after 2 hours was equivalent to the formation of hydroxyapatite (growth of crystals in the suspension) under the effect of the active ingredient. Inhibition of crystal growth by the active ingredient was calculated as follows:
KWI (%)=(Ku−Kb)*100/Ku (%)
The results of the measurements are summarized in Table 5.
Examples 15 to 19 show that the preparations according to the invention showed clearly higher apatite solubility and stronger inhibition of apatite crystal formation compared to the individual components. Oral care products and toothpastes containing such mixtures are characterized by better effectiveness against tartar formation.
Table 6 below shows a number of formulation examples for toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Finally, Table 7 summarizes a number of example formulations of toothpaste compositions.
The present application is a divisional application of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 14/651,490 filed Jun. 11, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14651490 | US | |
| Child | 15804026 | US |
