Patent Application
20240387917
The present invention relates to a prismatic secondary battery capable of suppressing a thermal propagation phenomenon in which other surrounding secondary batteries continuously overheat when thermal runaway occurs.
This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0061752, filed on May 20, 2022, and the entire contents of the Korean patent application are incorporated herein by reference.
Secondary batteries are rechargeable unlike primary batteries and are being researched and developed a lot due to their compact size and high capacity potential. The demand for secondary batteries as energy sources is increasing more rapidly due to technology development and an increase in demand for mobile devices and also due to electric vehicles and energy storage systems that are emerging in line with the needs of the times for environmental protection.
Secondary batteries are classified into coin type batteries, cylindrical type batteries, prismatic type batteries, and pouch type batteries according to the shape of a battery case. In such a secondary battery, an electrode assembly mounted in a battery case is a chargeable or dischargeable power generating device having a structure in which an electrode and a separator are stacked.
Since continuous use of the secondary battery for a long period is required, heat generated during a process of charging and discharging needs to be effectively controlled. When cooling of the secondary battery is not smoothly performed, since a rise in temperature causes an increase in current, and a chain reaction of positive feedback occurs in which the increase in current causes the temperature to rise again, ultimately, the secondary battery leads to a catastrophic state of thermal runaway.
Further, when secondary batteries are grouped in the form of a module or pack, a thermal propagation phenomenon in which other surrounding secondary batteries continuously overheat due to the thermal runaway occurring in any one secondary battery occurs. Furthermore, since the risk of fire is high due to an ignition source such as combustible gas emitted from the overheated secondary batteries, a heating electrode, and the like, the risk of ignition needs to be suppressed.
(Patent Document 1) Korean Registration Patent No. 10-1270796 (published Jun. 5, 2013)
The present invention is directed to providing a secondary battery capable of effectively suppressing and preventing a thermal propagation phenomenon due to thermal runaway occurring in the secondary battery.
However, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned problems, and other problems which are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from descriptions of the invention disclosed below.
The present invention relates to a prismatic secondary battery, and in one example, includes a case made of metal, at least one or more battery cells accommodated in the case, a cooling unit disposed at at least one side of the case, and a fixing body configured to fix the cooling unit, and formed with a vent hole configured to guide gas generated in the battery cells and passing through the cooling unit to the outside of the case.
The cooling unit may include an absorbent material impregnated with a liquid vaporized by heat generated in the battery cells, and a thermally conductive body formed with an insertion hole into which the absorbent material is inserted.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent material may be a super absorbent matrix, and the super absorbent matrix may include a super absorbent polymer (SAP) or super absorbent fiber (SAF).
Further, the liquid impregnated in the absorbent material may be water.
In addition, the cooling unit may include a cover bonded to the front and back of the thermally conductive body with respect to a flow direction of the gas, which is generated in the battery cells and moves to the vent hole, and melted by heat of the gas.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery cell may be a pouch-type battery cell having an electrode lead that protrudes to the outside, and the electrode lead may protrude in a direction toward one side of the case where the cooling unit is disposed.
Further, the prismatic secondary battery of the present invention may include a side case coupled to one side end portion of the case, and configured to cover the fixing body, and a busbar provided between the fixing body and the side case and electrically connected to the electrode lead.
A busbar hole configured to communicate with the vent hole and open toward the outside of the side case may be formed in the busbar.
Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the cooling unit may include a filter disposed at at least one of the front and a back of the thermally conductive body with respect to a flow direction of the gas, which is generated in the battery cells and moves to the vent hole, and configured to filter particles exceeding a certain size included in the gas
Further, an end filter configured to filter particles exceeding a certain size included in the gas passing through the cooling unit may be provided in the vent hole of the fixing body.
In addition, the end filter may be broken or separated from the vent hole when a pressure exceeding a certain value is applied.
According to the above-described prismatic secondary battery of the present invention, high-temperature gas and particles generated by a thermal runaway phenomenon are discharged to the outside through a cooling unit containing a built-in cooling liquid. Accordingly, in the prismatic secondary battery of the present invention, as a high-temperature ignition source emitted from overheated battery cells is discharged after being cooled in a case, the risk of a thermal propagation phenomenon occurring is significantly reduced.
Further, in the prismatic secondary battery of the present invention, as filters which filter particles exceeding a certain size are installed in a cooling unit and a vent hole, the risk of an external fire caused by an ignition source such as high-temperature particles can be effectively suppressed.
However, the technical effects to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects which are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from descriptions of the invention disclosed below.
Since the accompanying drawings in the present specification exemplify preferable embodiments of the present invention, and serve to make the technical spirit of the present invention be further understood together with the detailed descriptions of the present invention, the present invention should not be understood as being limited to only items described in the drawings.
Since the present invention may be variously changed and may have various forms, specific embodiments will be described below in detail.
However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the present invention to particular embodiments, and on the contrary, the present invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as “include” and “have” are intended to indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or a combination thereof described in the specification, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, or combinations thereof
Further, when a portion such as a layer, a film, a region, a plate, or the like is referred to as being “on” another portion, this includes not only a case in which the portion is “directly on” the other portion but also a case in which there is a still another portion therebetween. On the other hand, when a portion such as a layer, a film, a region, a plate, or the like is referred to as being “under” another portion, this includes not only a case in which the portion is “directly under” the other portion but also a case in which there is still another portion therebetween. Further, being disposed “on” in the present application may mean that something is disposed at the bottom or top.
The present invention relates to a prismatic secondary battery, and in one example, the prismatic secondary battery of the present invention includes a metal case, at least one or more battery cells accommodated in the case, a cooling unit disposed at at least one side of the case, and a fixing body configured to fix the cooling unit, and formed with a vent hole configured to guide gas generated in the battery cells and passing through the cooling unit to the outside of the case.
Here, the cooling unit includes an absorbent material impregnated with a liquid vaporized by heat generated in the battery cells, and a thermally conductive body formed with an insertion hole into which the absorbent material is inserted.
In the prismatic secondary battery of the present invention, high-temperature gas and particles generated by a thermal runaway phenomenon are discharged to the outside through a cooling unit with a built-in cooling liquid, and accordingly, as a high-temperature ignition source emitted from overheated battery cells is discharged after being cooled in the cooling unit equipped in the case, the risk of a thermal propagation phenomenon occurring is significantly reduced.
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, front and rear directions or up, down, left, and right directions for designating relative positions used in the following description are intended to help the understanding of the present invention and are based on directions shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified.
As shown in the accompanying drawings, the prismatic secondary battery 10 of the present invention includes a metal case and at least one battery cell 200 accommodated in the case. For example, the battery cell 200 in the illustrated embodiment is a pouch-type battery cell 200 with a bidirectional terminal in which electrode leads 210 respectively protrude on both sides in a width direction, and two pouch-type battery cells 200 are stored in the case.
The case may be manufacturing by extruding and molding a metal material such as aluminum, stainless steel, an alloy including the same, or the like. In the illustrated embodiment, in consideration of easy storage of the battery cells 200, costs of extrusion molding, and the like, the case is formed of a main case 110 having a cross section shaped like the lowercase English alphabet letter “n” and a lower plate 130 coupled to a lower opening.
Further, the prismatic secondary battery 10 of the present invention includes a cooling unit 300 disposed at at least one side of the case, and a fixing body 400 which fixes the cooling unit 300 to the case.
The cooling unit 300 cools high-temperature gas generated in the battery cells 200 overheated by a thermal runaway phenomenon to an ignition temperature or lower before discharging the high-temperature gas to the outside. The cooling unit 300 operates in an emergency situation in which the high-temperature gas is generated by the thermal runaway phenomenon, and should fully maintain the cooling function in normal conditions.
To this end, the cooling unit 300 includes an absorbent material 310 impregnated with a liquid vaporized by heat generated in the battery cells 200, and a thermally conductive body 320 formed with an insertion hole 322 into which the absorbent material 310 is inserted. The liquid impregnated in the absorbent material 310 absorbs heat corresponding to sensible heat and latent heat due to heat generated in the overheated battery cells 200, in other words, heat of the high-temperature gas, and in this process, the temperature of the high-temperature gas drops.
The thermally conductive body 320, including the built-in absorbent material 310 in the insertion hole 322, is a structure that supports the absorbent material 310, and at the same time, serves to dissipate the heat absorbed by the absorbent material 310 to the surroundings. The time for the liquid in the absorbent material 310 to be vaporized is delayed as the thermally conductive body 320 dissipates heat to the surroundings, and accordingly, a heat absorption action of the liquid is maintained for a long time.
The fixing body 400 serves to fix the cooling unit 300 to the case, and includes a vent hole 410 which guides gas generated in the battery cells 200 and passing through the cooling unit 300 to the outside of the case. Since a front surface and a back surface of the cooling unit 300 fixed to the fixing body 400 (with respect to a flow direction of the high-temperature gas) are not blocked, and a gap is formed between the back surface of the cooling unit 300, which enters the inside of the fixing body 400, and the vent hole 410, the flow of gas is not hindered.
In a first embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent material 310 may be an absorbent material 310 including a super absorbent matrix, for example, a super absorbent polymer (SAP) or a super absorbent fiber (SAF). The super absorbent matrix is porous or fibrous and may absorb a large amount of liquid by expressing a capillary phenomenon, and the super absorbent fiber may be manufactured in a fiber form such as a nonwoven fabric by processing the super absorbent polymer.
In the present invention, specific types of the super absorbent polymer and the super absorbent fiber manufactured from the super absorbent polymer are not specifically limited, and any material having excellent absorption ability for a fluid, specifically, water, may be used without limitation. In the present invention, any one or more selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, a polyacrylate graft polymer, starch, crosslinked carboxymethylated cellulose, an acrylic acid copolymer, a hydrolyzed starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, a starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, a saponified vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer, a hydrolyzed acrylonitrile copolymer, a hydrolyzed acrylamide copolymer, an ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, an isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinylsulfonic acid, polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyvinylphosphoric acid, polyvinylsulfuric acid, sulfonated polystyrene, polyvinylamine, polydialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamide, polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, polyallylguanidine, polydimethyldiallylammonium hydroxide, a quaternized polystyrene derivative, guanidine-modified polystyrene, quaternized poly (meth) acrylamide, polyvinylguanidine, and a mixture thereof may be an example of the super absorbent polymer, and preferably, at least one selected from the group consisting of a crosslinked polyacrylic acid salt, a crosslinked polyacrylic acid, and a crosslinked acrylic acid copolymer may be an example of the super absorbent polymer, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the present invention, the type of acrylic acid copolymer used as the super absorbent polymer is not specifically limited, but preferably, the super absorbent polymer may be a copolymer including an acrylic acid monomer and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-(meth)acryloylethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, and styrenesulfonic acid.
In the present invention, the super absorbent polymer may have a water absorption amount of 10 g/g to 500 g/g, preferably 50 g/g to 200 g/g, but is not limited thereto. That is, 10 g to 500 g of water, preferably 50 g to 200 g, may be absorbed per 1 g of super absorbent polymer.
In the present invention, the duration of a cooling effect may be improved as the water absorption amount of the super absorbent polymer is large, but when the water absorption amount exceeds 500 g/g, fluidity of the super absorbent polymer increases and thus it becomes difficult to maintain its form, making effective cooling impossible, and when the water absorption amount is smaller than 10 g/g, the duration of the cooling effect is too short and thus efficiency may be poor.
Here, the liquid impregnated in the absorbent material 310 may be water. Water is a substance with the greatest sensible heat and latent heat among readily available liquids. Accordingly, the water impregnated in the absorbent material 310 absorbs a large amount of heat during a process of a phase change from liquid to gas, and thus is suitable to be applied to the cooling unit 300 of the present invention.
Further, the cooling unit 300 may include a cover 330 bonded to each of the front and back of the thermally conductive body 320 with respect to a flow direction of the gas which is generated in the battery cells 200 and moves to the vent hole 410 of the fixing body 400. The cover 330 is a membrane member for preventing the liquid impregnated in the absorbent material 310 from being lost due to natural evaporation, and is melted by the heat of the gas introduced into the cooling unit 300 to expose the absorbent material 310 at an appropriate time.
Further, it may be preferable for the electrode lead 210 of the battery cell 200 to protrude in a direction toward one side of the case where the cooling unit 300 is disposed. Since the electrode lead 210 is a component in which current is concentrated and overheating easily occurs, there is an advantage in that the high-temperature gas is immediately cooled and discharged when the electrode lead 210 is disposed to face the cooling unit 300.
The prismatic secondary battery 10 of the present invention may include a side case 120 coupled to one side end portion of the case, that is, a side surface of the main case 110, to cover the fixing body 400, and a busbar 500 provided between the fixing body 400 and the side case 120. The busbar 500 is a component electrically connected to the electrode lead 210, and is partially exposed to the outside through a cut portion of the side case 120.
When the busbar 500 is disposed in the side case 120, the busbar 500 may block the vent hole 410 of the fixing body 400. In this case, a busbar hole 510 that communicates with the vent hole 410 and is open toward the outside of the side case 120 is formed in the busbar 500.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, a filter means is installed in the prismatic secondary battery 10, and thus may prevent the discharge of particles included in the high-temperature gas to the outside as they are. Particles exceeding a certain size, which are not sufficiently cooled after passing through the cooling unit 300, may become a high-temperature ignition source to cause an external fire, and the second embodiment of the present invention reduces the risk of fire due to such high-temperature particles. The second embodiment includes any one or more of two filter means.
First, the cooling unit 300 includes a filter 340 which is disposed at at least one of the front and back of a thermally conductive body 320 with respect to a flow direction of the gas, which is generated in battery cells 200 and moves to the vent hole 410, and filters the particles exceeding a certain size included in the gas
The filter 340 is installed at the front and/or the back of the thermally conductive body 320 to filter the particles in the gas flowing into and out of the cooling unit 300. For reference, a membrane member for preventing the loss of a liquid impregnated in the absorbent material 310 may be integrally laminated on the filter 340, and the membrane member may be melted and removed by the heat of the gas like the above-described cover 330.
Next, an end filter 420 which filters the particles exceeding a certain size included in the gas passing through the cooling unit 300 may be provided in the vent hole 410 of the fixing body 400. When the filter 340 is provided in the cooling unit 300, the end filter 420 of the vent hole 410 serves to secondarily filter the particles. In order to optimize a conflicting relationship between a filtering effect and a pressure rise, the filter 340 of the cooling unit 300 and the end filter 420 of the vent hole 410 may be designed to filter particles of different sizes. For example, the filter 340 of the cooling unit 300 having a relatively large area may be configured to filter particles of a relatively smaller size.
In addition, for the safety of the prismatic secondary battery 10, when a pressure exceeding a certain value is applied to the end filter 420, the end filter 420 may be broken, or separated from the vent hole 410. When the end filter 420, which has a relatively narrow filtering area, is blocked, the structure of the prismatic secondary battery 10 may collapse as the pressure in the case rises above its limit.
As a safety measure against this situation, the strength or structure of the end filter 420 may be designed so that the end filter 420 itself is broken or the end filter 420 may be separated from the vent hole 410 when excessive pressure is applied.
In the above, the present invention has been described in more detail with reference to the drawings, examples, and the like. However, since the configuration described in the drawings, embodiments, or the like described in the present specification is only one embodiment of the present invention and does not represent all the technical spirit of the present invention, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modifications at the time of filing the present application.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2022-0061752 | May 2022 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2023/006678 | 5/17/2023 | WO |
