Claims
- 1. A process cartridge comprising:an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support; and a charging means having a charging member which is provided in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member and charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member electrostatically by applying a voltage formed by superimposing an alternating-current voltage on a direct-current voltage; said electrophotographic photosensitive member and said charging means being supported as one unit and being detachably mountable to the main body of an electrophotographic apparatus; and said electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer which contains i) a polycarbonate resin having a weight-average molecular weight of from 7.5×103 to 3.7×104, a degree of dispersion of 3.0 or less and having a structural unit represented by the following Formula (2), and ii) fluorine-containing resin particles wherein X2 represents —CR23R24— (where R23 and R24 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group), a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted α,ω-alkylene group, a single bond, —O—, —S—, —SO— or —SO2—; and R15 to R22 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- 2. The process cartridge according to claim 1, wherein said surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member further contains a polycarbonate resin of said Formula (2) having a weight-average molecular weight more than 3.7×104.
- 3. The process cartridge according to claim 1, wherein said fluorine-containing resin particles are selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluoroethylene resin, hexafluoropropylene resin, vinyl fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride resin, difluorodichloroethylene resin, and a copolymer of any of these resins.
- 4. The process cartridge according to claim 1, wherein said surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member further contains a fluorine-containing comb graft polymer.
- 5. The process cartridge according to claim 1, wherein said surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member further contains an antioxidant.
- 6. The process cartridge according to claim 5, wherein said antioxidant is at least one of a hindered phenol antioxidant and a phosphorus antioxidant.
- 7. The process cartridge according to claim 1, which further comprises a developing means for forming a toner image by the use of a toner;said toner having toner particles, a first inorganic fine powder having a number-average particle diameter of 0.10 μm or smaller and a second inorganic fine powder having a number-average particle diameter of from 0.12 μm to 3.0 μm.
- 8. The process cartridge according to claim 7, wherein said first inorganic fine powder is a fine silicic acid powder.
- 9. The process cartridge according to claim 8, wherein said second inorganic fine powder is selected from the group consisting of strontium titanate, cerium oxide and titanium oxide.
- 10. The process cartridge according to claim 7, wherein said first inorganic fine powder has been subjected to coupling treatment and thereafter oil treatment.
- 11. The process cartridge according to claim 7, wherein said second inorganic fine powder is selected from the group consisting of strontium titanate, cerium oxide and titanium oxide.
- 12. The process cartridge according to claim 7, wherein said toner has a weight-average particle diameter of from 3.5 μm to 6.5 μm and toner particles having particle diameters of from 2.00 μm to 3.17 μm in a content of from 5% by number to 40% by number of the whole toner.
- 13. The process cartridge according to claim 7, wherein said toner contains a magnetic material.
- 14. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support; a charging means having a charging Member which is provided in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member and charges an electrophotographic photosensitive member electrostatically by applying a voltage formed by superimposing an alternating-current voltage on a direct-current voltage; an exposure means for exposing to light the electrophotographic photosensitive member charged, to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image by the use of a toner, to form a toner image; and transferring to a transfer medium the toner image formed; said electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer which contains i) a polycarbonate resin having a weight-average molecular weight of from 7.5×103 to 3.7×104, a degree of dispersion of 3.0 or less and having a structural unit represented by the following Formula (2), and ii) fluorine-containing resin particles wherein X2 represents —CR23R24— (where R23 and R24 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group), a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted α,ω-alkylene group, a single bond, —O—, —S—, —SO— or —SO2—; and R15 to R22 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- 15. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member further contains a polycarbonate resin of said Formula (2) having a weight-average molecular weight more than 3.7×104.
- 16. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said fluorine-containing resin particles are selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluoroethylene resin, hexafluoropropylene resin, vinyl fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride resin, difluorodichloroethylene resin, and a copolymer of any of these resins.
- 17. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member further contains a fluorine-containing comb graft polymer.
- 18. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member further contains an antioxidant.
- 19. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said antioxidant is at least one of a hindered phenol antioxidant and a phosphorus antioxidant.
- 20. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said toner has toner particles, a first inorganic fine powder having a number-average particle diameter of 0.10 μm or smaller and a second inorganic fine powder having a number-average particle diameter of from 0.12 μm to 3.0 μm.
- 21. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said first inorganic fine powder is a fine silicic acid powder.
- 22. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said second inorganic fine powder is selected from the group consisting of strontium titanate, cerium oxide and titanium oxide.
- 23. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said first inorganic fine powder has been subjected to coupling treatment and thereafter oil treatment.
- 24. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said second inorganic fine powder is selected from the group consisting of strontium titanate, cerium oxide and titanium oxide.
- 25. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said toner has a weight-average particle diameter of from 3.5 μm to 6.5 μm and toner particles having particle diameters of from 2.00 μm to 3.17 μm in a content of from 5% by number to 40% by number of the whole toner.
- 26. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said toner contains a magnetic material.
Priority Claims (2)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
10-120322 |
Apr 1998 |
JP |
|
10-121384 |
Apr 1998 |
JP |
|
Parent Case Info
This is a division of copending Application Ser. No. 9/300,479, filed Apr. 28, 1999.
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