The present invention relates to a process for building tyres for vehicle wheels and to a tyre for vehicle wheels obtained thereby.
A tyre for vehicle wheels generally comprises a carcass structure including at least one carcass ply having respectively opposite end flaps in engagement with respective annular anchoring structures integrated into the regions usually identified as “beads”.
Associated with the carcass structure is a belt structure comprising one or more belt layers, located in radially superposed relationship with each other and with the carcass ply, having textile or metallic reinforcing cords with a crossed orientation and/or substantially parallel to the circumferential extension direction of the tyre.
Applied at a radially external position to the belt structure is a tread band of elastomeric material, like other semifinished products constituting the tyre.
Respective sidewalls of elastomeric material are in addition applied at an axially external position onto the side surfaces of the carcass structure, each extending from one of the side edges of the tread band until close to the respective annular anchoring structure to the beads.
After building of the green tyre carried out through assembly of respective semifinished products, a curing and moulding treatment is generally carried out which aims at determining the structural stabilisation of the tyre through cross-linking of the elastomeric material, as well as at impressing the tread band with a desired tread pattern and stamping possible distinctive graphic marks at the sidewalls.
Within the scope of the present specification and the following claims, by the term “elastomeric material” it is intended a compound comprising at least one elastomeric polymer and at least one reinforcing filler. Preferably, this composition further comprises additives such as cross-linking agents and/or plasticizers. Due to the presence of the cross-linking agents, this material can be cross-linked by heating, so as to form the final article of manufacture.
To the aims of the present specification and the subsequent claims, by “strip-like element” it is intended an elongated article of manufacture cut to size which has a cross-section outline of flattened conformation and comprising one or more cords of textile and/or metallic material, extending parallel to the longitudinal extension of the strip-like element itself and embedded in, or at least partly coated with at least one layer of elastomeric material.
Document WO 2009/068939 in the name of the same Applicant, discloses a process in which the carcass structure is made through laying of strip-like elements in circumferentially mutually approached relationship on a building drum. The strip-like elements are laid by means of a laying unit adapted to sequentially engage each of the strip-like elements and determine application thereof onto the laying surface radially external to the building drum. A feeding unit comprises a cutting member designed to cut the continuous ribbon-like element for obtaining the individual strip-like elements.
The apparatus described in WO 2009/068939 further comprises an auxiliary adjustment device capable of moving the laying unit around a respective correction axis that is substantially radial to the geometric rotation axis of the building drum. The function of the auxiliary adjustment device is to lay the strip-like elements on the building drum at any angle relative to the circumferential extension of same, so as to manufacture carcass plies in which the cords forming part thereof have a “ply angle” different from 90° relative to a longitudinal extension direction of the ply itself, i.e. relative to a circumferential direction of the tyre to be obtained.
Document U.S. Pat. No. 7,314,073 discloses a device for manufacturing a reinforcing structure for a tyre. This device includes a laying head for applying strip-like elements onto a forming support. The laying head comprises a cradle, mounted on a carriage and rotating relative to the carriage around a first axis. The carriage carries a laying device comprising a laying roller and is installed on a guide that is substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the forming support. Mounted on bearings in the cradle is a frame that can rotate relative to the cradle around a second axis. Integrated into the frame is a cutting element of the guillotine type. The frame can rotate through 180° relative to the cradle. The carriage is moved from the right to the left on the guide while the forming support is being rotated through a predetermined arc. During these movements, a ribbon is applied onto the forming support by the laying roller. Towards the end of these movements, the guillotine element cuts the ribbon according to a predetermined angle so as to define a strip-like element. The strip-like elements are laid down adjacent to each other for progressively covering the whole peripheral surface of the support. For laying a subsequent layer of strip-like elements, the frame and the guillotine element rigidly secured thereto are required to be rotated through 180°. This rotation involves overturning of the ribbon around its longitudinal axis and arrangement of the opposite face of said ribbon towards the forming support. The above described movements are repeated but laying of the ribbon is carried out from the left to the right.
The Applicant has noticed that, using a laying unit as the one described in document WO 2009/068939 for making a reinforcing structure including at least two layers of mutually crossed strip-like elements, such as a carcass structure provided with two plies, it is necessary, at the end of laying of a first layer, to rotate the laying unit around the respective correction axis before laying down the second layer. In fact (
The Applicant has further noticed that, in order to obtain ends of the strip-like elements of the first and second layers with an edge parallel to the circumferential extension of the building drum, the blade of the cutting member described in document WO 2009/068939 and mounted on board the laying unit must form with a direction perpendicular to the direction corresponding to the longitudinal extension of a strip-like element of the first strip-like element layer, the aforesaid angle “δ” (
The Applicant has seen that the strip-like element cut first after rotation of the laying unit and rotation of the cutting member, i.e. before starting laying of the second layer of strip-like elements, must be rejected because it has opposite ends with different and opposite cutting angles. The Applicant has verified that this rejection multiplied by the number of the produced tyres, involves a great material waste that adversely affects the production cost of said tyres. The Applicant has also verified that the operation that is carried out on board the laying unit for rotating the cutting member increases the cycle time necessary for forming the carcass ply.
The Applicant has observed that also in the device described in document U.S. Pat. No. 7,314,073 the cutting element of the guillotine type integrated into the frame must be rotated together with the frame before passing to laying of the second strip-like element layer.
In addition, the Applicant has ascertained that the device structure in U.S. Pat. No. 7,314,073 does not allow a quick laying of the strip-like elements because for applying each individual strip-like element it is necessary to simultaneously combine the movement of the forming support with that of the carriage. In particular, it is necessary to rotate the forming support through a predetermined angle about its axis and simultaneously move the carriage carrying the guillotine element and the laying roller along an axial direction.
The Applicant has also noticed that the structure of the device described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,314,073 is complicated and consequently not very reliable.
The above findings have brought the Applicant to think that the drawbacks highlighted above can be overcome by adopting a laying unit of the type described in document WO 2009/068939 and laying the strip-like elements of the two layers with the same angular position of the cutting member relative to said laying unit.
More specifically, the Applicant has found that, by cutting the last strip-like element of the first layer with the same cutting angle as adopted for the strip-like elements of the second layer or cutting the first strip-like element of the second layer with the same cutting angle as adopted for the strip-like elements of the first layer, or laying the strip-like elements of the second layer with the same cutting angle as adopted for the first layer, thus forming at least one circumferential edge of the first and/or the second layer of an at least partly zigzag indented type, it is possible to avoid rejection of the strip-like element cut first after rotation of the laying unit without producing great amounts of scrap material, and also to reduce the cycle time for building the carcass structure.
More specifically, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a process for building tyres for vehicle wheels, comprising:
The Applicant thinks that using this process it is no longer necessary to produce scrap material on passing, during building, from the end of the first reinforcing layer to the beginning of the second reinforcing layer, and preferably between the end of building of the first carcass ply and the beginning of building of the second carcass ply. The Applicant in addition believes that, as a result, also reduced is the cycle time for building the two reinforcing layers and preferably the two carcass plies, in the preferred case being also reduced the overall time for building of the carcass structure.
In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a tyre obtained by the aforesaid process.
The present invention, in at least one of said aspects, can have one or more of the preferred features hereinafter described.
Preferably, said strip-like elements of said first reinforcing layer are laid according to a predetermined inclination angle relative to an axial symmetry plane of said forming drum.
Preferably, said strip-like elements of said second reinforcing layer are laid according to a predetermined second inclination angle different from the first one, relative to an axial symmetry plane of said forming drum.
Preferably, the formation of said plurality of strip-like elements comprises:
Preferably, forming of said first reinforcing layer comprises:
Preferably forming of said second reinforcing layer comprises:
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: maintaining the angular position of the cutting member constant with respect to the laying head and cutting all the strip-like elements of the first reinforcing layer and the second reinforcing layer according to a predetermined common cutting angle.
The cutting member mounted on board the laying head keeps its relative position with respect to the head itself during laying of the first reinforcing layer and the second reinforcing layer. This expedient enables time to be saved during the building cycle preferably of the carcass structure, because the operation of adjusting the position of the cutting member relative to the head is not carried out.
In accordance with a preferred alternative embodiment, the process comprises: rotating the cutting member relative to said laying head after bringing the laying head to the second angular position.
All the opposite edges of the strip-like elements of the first reinforcing layer are cut according to the same first cutting angle, one of the edges of the strip-like element laid first and belonging to the second reinforcing layer has the same first cutting angle, and all the remaining edges of the strip-like elements of the second reinforcing layer have the same second cutting angle. One of the opposite edges of the second reinforcing layer therefore has an indented region at the strip-like element laid first.
In accordance with a preferred alternative embodiment, the process comprises: rotating the cutting member relative to said laying head before bringing the laying head to the second angular position.
All the opposite edges of the strip-like elements of the second reinforcing layers are cut according to the same second cutting angle, one of the edges of the strip-like element laid last and belonging to the first reinforcing layer has the same second cutting angle and all the remaining edges of the strip-like elements of the first reinforcing layer have the same first cutting angle.
One of the opposite edges of the first reinforcing layer therefore has an indented region at the strip-like element laid last.
Preferably, the laying operation comprises:
supporting each strip-like element by means of two supporting elements belonging to the laying head; moving the supporting elements and said strip-like element along a radial trajectory towards the forming drum to make said strip-like element approach the laying surface.
In addition, preferably, the laying operation comprises:
moving the two supporting elements away from each other along a substantially axial direction making them slide relative to each strip-like element, so as to progressively apply said strip-like element against the laying surface, pulling it in said opposite directions.
Laying of each strip-like element carried out according to the above steps is very quick and precise.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the strip-like elements of the first reinforcing layer are inclined on the opposite side relative to the strip-like elements of the second reinforcing layer with respect to an angular reference position perpendicular to an axial symmetry plane of the forming drum.
The strip-like elements of the first layer and the second layer lie inclined on opposite sides relative to an axial direction referred to the forming drum.
Preferably, the cutting angle is complementary to the first inclination angle, and the axially opposite edges of each strip-like element of the first reinforcing layer are parallel to the axial symmetry plane of the forming drum.
The second layer has indented opposite edges, whereas the first layer has opposite edges each disposed on a circumference.
Alternatively, the cutting angle is complementary to the second inclination angle, and the axially opposite edges of each strip-like element of the second reinforcing layer are parallel to the axial symmetry plane of the forming drum.
The first layer has indented opposite edges, whereas the second layer has opposite edges each disposed on a circumference.
Preferably, said first reinforcing layer and second reinforcing layer are a first carcass ply and a second carcass ply respectively, belonging to a carcass structure of the tyre being processed.
According to an embodiment, the axial extension of the first reinforcing layer is greater than the axial extension of the second reinforcing layer.
Alternatively, the axial extension of the first reinforcing layer is smaller than the axial extension of the second reinforcing layer.
Preferably, the difference between the axial extension of the first reinforcing layer and the axial extension of the second reinforcing layer is included between about 1% and about 8% of the axial extension of the axially more extended reinforcing layer.
Preferably, the first inclination angle is included between about 70° and about 90°.
Preferably, the first inclination angle is included between about 75° and about 87°.
Preferably, the second inclination angle is included between about 90° and about 110°.
Preferably, the second inclination angle is included between about 93° and about 105°.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises:
Preferably, the process comprises: positioning the at least partly indented edge at a tyre region radially external to said annular anchoring structure.
The at least partly indented edge positioned at said region at which the maximum bending of the tyre during rolling occurs, allows a less net discontinuity to be obtained in passing from the extremity of the turned end flap of the carcass structure to the tyre sidewall and therefore a less localised concentration of the inner stresses. This structure thus gives a greater resistance to fatigue to said region.
Preferably, the process comprises: axially moving the at least partly indented edge to a position in side by side relationship with said annular anchoring structure.
The at least partly indented edge positioned on the bead ring does not affect the handling and resistance-to-fatigue performance of the tyre as compared with plies having non-indented edges, because in this region important bending movements of the tyre during rolling do not occur.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: cutting the opposite end edges of each strip-like element of the first layer following an arched outline.
Preferably, the process comprises: cutting the opposite end edges of each strip-like element of the second layer following an arched outline.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: removing or rounding off the sharp corners present at the opposite end edges of each strip-like element of the first layer.
Preferably, the process comprises: removing or rounding off the sharp corners present at the opposite end edges of each strip-like element of the second layer.
Rounding-off of the edges avoids triggering of tyre breakings at the sharp corners of the indented edges.
Further features and advantages will become more apparent from the detailed description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a process for building tyres for vehicle wheels in accordance with the present invention.
This description will be set out hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting example, in which:
a is a top view of the forming drum of
b shows a top view of the forming drum of
Generally identified by reference numeral 1 in
The laying unit 1 and forming drum 2 belong to an apparatus for manufacturing tyres 3 for vehicle wheels, which tyres 3 essentially comprise a carcass structure 4 having at least two radially superposed carcass plies 5a, 5b (
Building of tyre 3 as above described is carried out through assembly of respective semi-finished products on the forming drum 2 by at least one assembling device.
Tyre 3 thus built is adapted to be submitted to a curing treatment and/or other working operations provided in the work cycle.
In the embodiment shown, at least part of the components designed to form the carcass structure 4 of tyre 3 are built and/or assembled on the forming drum 2. In greater detail, the forming drum 2 lends itself to first receive liner 6, if any, and subsequently the carcass plies 5a, 5b. Afterwards, devices not shown coaxially engage one of the annular anchoring structures 7 around each of the end flaps, locate an outer sleeve comprising the belt structure 9 and tread band 10 at a coaxially centred position around the cylindrical carcass sleeve and shape the carcass sleeve into a toroidal configuration through radial expansion of the carcass ply, so as to determine application thereof against a radially internal surface of the outer sleeve.
Each of the carcass plies 5a, 5b is made by the laying unit 1, which is provided for applying a plurality of strip-like elements 13 in a circumferentially mutually approached relationship on a laying surface 14 that is radially external to the forming drum 2, so as to form each ply layer having a continuous circumferential extension around the geometric axis “X-X” of said forming drum 2.
In this regard, it is important to emphasise that said laying surface 14 can be the radially external surface belonging to the forming drum 2 or, preferably, the radially external surface exhibited by components of tyre 2 already laid down on said forming drum 2, such as liner 6, for example. The radially external laying surface 14 of the forming drum 2 shown is substantially cylindrical and is suitable for manufacture of a cylindrical carcass sleeve.
The forming drum 2 is positioned and rotatably supported around its geometric axis “X-X”. Devices, not shown, in the form of a chuck for example, moved by a motor, are used to set the forming drum 2 in rotation around said geometric axis “X-X”.
The laying unit 1 is mounted close to the forming drum 2 and is adapted to apply the strip-like elements 13 onto said forming drum 2 during rotation of the latter. Preferably, the forming drum 2 is rotated step-wise: for instance, after each step the laying unit 1 applies one strip-like element 13.
The strip-like elements 13 are obtained by cutting operations sequentially carried out on at least one continuous elongated or ribbon-like element 15 coming from a drawing and/or calendering device, or from a feeding reel, and therefore they all have the same width, preferably included between about 20 mm and about 40 mm.
The continuous elongated element 15 and consequently the strip-like elements 13 obtained therefrom, each have a plurality of cords or similar thread elements of metal or textile material, extending parallel to each other along the longitudinal extension of the elongated element and the strip-like element itself, and at least partly coated with a layer of elastomeric material applied through a drawing and/or calendering operation.
The laying unit 1 comprises one laying head 16 including two supporting elements 17 that are movable along a guide structure 18 upon the action of transverse-movement devices, of the worm screw type for example (not shown as they can be made in any manner convenient for a person skilled in the art), between a first operating condition at which they are mutually approached and a second operation condition at which they are moved apart relative to an axial symmetry plane of the forming drum 2.
Associated with the laying unit 1 are radial-movement devices designed to cause translation of the supporting element 17 radially close to the radially external surface 14 of the forming drum 2. These radial-movement devices are not either shown or detailed as they can be made in any manner convenient for a person skilled in the art, and can operate on the guide structure 18 for example, in order to bring the strip-like element onto the radially external surface 14 in contact relationship therewith.
Further associated with the laying unit 1 are rotation devices designed to rotate the laying head 16 around a radial axis “Y-Y” relative to the forming drum 2 and to lock said head 16 to the selected angular position around said axis “Y-Y”. These rotation devices are neither shown nor described in detail, as they are made in any manner convenient for a person skilled in the art and can act on the guide structure 18 for example, in order to lay the strip-like element 13 in the selected angular position on the forming drum 2.
In the non-limiting example shown, each of the supporting elements 17 carries a presser element 19 movable along the strip-like element 13, in contrast relationship against the radially external surface 14 of the forming drum 2. In addition, preferably in engagement with each supporting element 17 is at least one auxiliary retaining element 20. In greater detail, each auxiliary retaining element 20 can consist for example of a small plate (or other similar mechanical element) projecting from the respective supporting element 17 so as to provide a support seat for the elongated element 15 and the cut strip-like element 13.
The laying unit 1 further comprises a cutting member 21 that is mounted on board the laying head 16 and is moved together with said head in the two radial-translation ways along axis “Y-Y” and rotation ways around the same axis “Y-Y”.
Combined with the cutting member 21 is at least one grip member 22 that is movable between a first work position at which it is adapted to engage a final end of the ribbon-like element 15 in the vicinity of the cutting member 21, and a second work position at which it is moved away from the cutting member 21.
Following translation from the first to the second work positions, the grip member 22 drags along the ribbon-like element 15 so as to stretch it out beyond the cutting member 21 and preferably in a radially approached position relative to the forming drum 2, over a stretch of a length corresponding to that of the strip-like element 13 to be obtained following the subsequent operation of the cutting member 21 itself. In the accompanying figures, a pair of guide rollers 23 is shown which operate on the ribbon-like element 15 at a region immediately upstream of the cutting member 21.
The grip member 22 too is preferably mounted on board the laying head 16 and is moved together with said head in the two radial-translation movements along axis “Y-Y” and rotation movements around the same axis “Y-Y”.
For instance, the guide structure 18, cutting member 21 and grip member 22 are all carried by a supporting frame, not shown, that is movable, relative to a base structure resting on the ground, along axis “Y-Y” and around the same axis “Y-Y” by means of the above mentioned radial-movement and rotation devices, respectively.
The supporting elements 17 are used for carrying the strip-like elements 13 at the instants intervening between cutting of the strip-like element upon the action of the cutting member 21 and application of same onto the forming drum 2.
In the embodiment shown, the cutting member 21 consists of shears comprising two blades movable in planes close to each other between a position of mutual moving apart and a position of mutual moving close. The grip member 22 consists of pliers.
Preferably in addition, the cutting member 21 can be rotated and locked to the desired angular position relative to the laying head 16 around an adjustment axis “Z-Z” parallel to axis “Y-Y” (
According to the present invention, before starting laying of the strip-like elements 13 of the first layer, i.e. the first carcass ply 5a, the laying head 16 is rotated around axis “Y-Y” radial to the forming drum 2 until placing it and locking it in the angular position corresponding to the desired inclination of each strip-like element 13 on drum 2. For example, this inclination is measured relative to a direction parallel to the rotation axis “X-X” of the forming drum 2 or relative to a symmetry plane “S” of said drum 2, which plane “S” is perpendicular to the aforesaid rotation axis “X-X”.
In the example shown (
The inclination of the laying head 16 necessary for laying the strip-like elements 13 of the first carcass ply 5a according to the above mentioned inclination is therefore equal to “β” (
In addition, before starting laying of the strip-like elements 13 of the first ply 5a, the cutting member 21 is rotated relative to the laying head 16 around the adjustment axis “Z-Z” until bringing it and locking it to an angular position corresponding to the inclination of the opposite edges 24 of each strip-like element 13. Since the cutting member 21 is locked in said angular position, the two opposite edges 24 of each strip-like element 13 are cut according to the same cutting angle “τ”, measured between the edge 24 itself and a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the strip-like element 13 (
In the example shown (
The continuous ribbon-like element 15 is fed by means of rollers 23, onto the auxiliary retaining elements 20 and towards the grip member 22 that catches it and drags it along away from the cutting member 21 in a direction coincident with the translation axis “K-K”. The cutting member 21 cuts the continuous ribbon-like element 15 to the size of a strip-like element 13 and the latter is moved close to the forming drum 2 and applied thereto. To this aim, the supporting elements and auxiliary retaining elements 20 are radially moved close to drum 2 and subsequently moved away from each other while the presser elements 19 progressively press the strip-like element 13 against the forming drum 2 starting from a central portion of said strip-like element 13 towards the opposite ends of same. This operation is repeated at each rotation step of drum 2, for each strip-like element of the first carcass ply 5a.
When laying of all the strip-like elements 13 of the first carcass ply 5a has been completed and before starting laying of the strip-like elements 13 of the second carcass ply 5b, the laying head 16 is rotated again around axis “Y-Y” radial to the forming drum 2 until disposing said head in the angular position corresponding to the desired inclination of each strip-like element 13 of the second ply 5a on drum 2.
In the example shown (
The inclination of the laying head 16 necessary for laying the strip-like elements 13 of the second carcass ply 5b with the aforesaid inclination is therefore equal to “ω” (
In the example shown (
For laying the strip-like elements 13 of the second ply 5b, according to the steps already described for the first ply 5a, the cutting member 21 is not shifted (relative to the laying head 16) from the position used for laying of the strip-like elements 13 of the first ply 5a.
As a result, the cutting angle “τ” remains unchanged but, since the laying head 16 has been rotated with the cutting member 22 on board, each edge 24 of each strip-like element 13 of the second carcass ply 5b delimits, together with the axial symmetry plane “S” of the forming drum 2, an angle equal to the sum of “ω” and “β” (
In accordance with an alternative embodiment shown in the built tyre shown in
In accordance with further embodiments not shown, both the axially opposite edges “Ba” of the first carcass ply 5a and those “Bb” of the second carcass ply 5b are indented.
In accordance with an alternative and preferred embodiment of the process (
In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the process (
Preferably, turning to
According to the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, the axial extension “La” of the first carcass ply 5a, measured along a direction parallel to the rotation axis “X-X” of the forming drum 2 is smaller than the axial extension “Lb” of the second carcass ply 5b. In a variant, the axial extension “La” of the first carcass ply 5a is greater than the axial extension “Lb” of the second carcass ply 5b.
Preferably, the difference between the axial extension “La” of the first carcass ply 5a and the axial extension “Lb” of the second carcass ply 5b is included between about 1% and about 8% of the axial extension of the axially more extended carcass ply.
In the example shown, the axial extension of the first carcass ply 5a is about 480 mm and that of the second carcass ply 5b is about 500 mm.
The amounts of these axial extensions “La”, “Lb” determine the positions of the end flaps of the carcass plies 5a, 5b in the built tyre 3.
Preferably, the two annular anchoring structures 7 are engaged with the respective end flaps of the carcass plies 5a, 5b by turning up said end flaps around said annular anchoring structures 7. Depending on the ply length, each of the axially opposite edges of said ply appears to be located, in the cured and molded tyre 3, at the annular anchoring structure 7, in side by side relationship with the bead core 7a and/or filler 7b, or in a region radially external to said annular anchoring structure 7, at the radially innermost portion of the sidewall 12 (
In the embodiment of tyre 3 shown in
Preferably, in the embodiments of tyre 3 in which the indented edges are in the region of maximum bending, these indented edges are such shaped as to eliminate possible triggering of breakings due to fatigue phenomena, making the corners rounded for example and/or cutting each edge 24 of each strip-like element 13 according to an arched outline.
In the embodiment of tyre 3 shown in
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
M12009A002178 | Dec 2009 | IT | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB10/55466 | 11/29/2010 | WO | 00 | 6/1/2012 |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61282166 | Dec 2009 | US |