Claims
- 1. A process for lowering the charge/mass (Q/m) ratio of toner particles formed by limited coalescence, said process comprising:
forming an organic phase comprising a polymeric material, a pigment, a quaternary ammonium tetraphenylborate salt, and a water-immiscible liquid, said polymeric material being selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a methacrylic resin, a styrene-acrylic resin, a styrene-methacrylic resin, a polyamide, and a polyester; dispersing said organic phase in an aqueous phase containing a solid colloidal stabilizer; forming a suspension of small droplets of said organic phase in said aqueous phase by high shear agitation; removing said water-immiscible liquid from said small droplets, thereby forming a suspension of small solid particles in said aqueous phase, said particles having a non-spherical shape; and separating said solid particles from said aqueous phase and drying said particles, wherein said quaternary ammonium tetraphenylborate salt is included in said organic phase in an amount effective for lowering the charge/mass (Q/m) ratio of said toner particles, said quaternary ammonium tetraphenylborate salt being selected from the group consisting of salts represented by the general formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV), and mixtures thereof: 28wherein R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group; R2 represents an alkylene or arylene group; R3, R4, and R5 independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and R3 and R4 taken together may form a cyclic ring system; and R6 represents hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; 29wherein R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group; R2 represents an alkylene or arylene group; R3, R4 and R5 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; and R3 and R4 taken together may form a cyclic ring system;. 30wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represents an alkyl or substituted alkyl group, and R1 and R2 taken together may form a cyclic ring system; 31wherein R1, R2 and R3 each independently represents an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and R1 and R2 taken together may form a cyclic ring structure; Z, if present, represents at least one monomer copolymerizable with a monomer comprising a tetraphenylborate salt substituent; m and n represent the weight percentages in a polymerization mixture of, respectively, said monomer comprising a tetraphenylborate salt substituent and Z, m and n together totaling 100.
- 2. The process of claim 1 wherein said polymeric material comprises a styrene-acrylic resin.
- 3. The process of claim 2 wherein said styrene-acrylic resin is a styrene-butyl acrylate resin.
- 4. The process of claim 1 wherein, in general formula (I), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, hexyl, undecyl, heptadecyl, phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, and 4-t-butylphenyl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, hexamethylene, and p-phenylene; R3, R4, and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, octadecyl, and benzyl, and R3 and R4 taken together may be 1,4-butylene or 1,5-pentylene, and R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, octadecyl, and benzyl.
- 5. The process of claim 4 wherein R1 is undecyl, R2 is 1,3-propylene, R3 and R4 are each methyl, R5 is benzyl, and R6 is hydrogen.
- 6. The process of claim 1 wherein, in general formula (II), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, hexyl, undecyl, heptadecyl, phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, and 4-t-butylphenyl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, hexamethylene, and p-phenylene; R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, octadecyl, and benzyl, and R3 and R4 taken together may be 1,4-butylene or 1,5-pentylene.
- 7. The process of claim 6 wherein R1 is undecyl or phenyl, R2 is 1,3-propylene, R3 and R4 are each methyl, and R5 is benzyl.
- 8. The process of claim 1 wherein, in general formula (III), R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, octadecyl, benzyl, and 2-naphthylmethyl, and R1 and R2 taken together may be 1,4-butylene or 1,5-pentylene.
- 9. The process of claim 8 wherein R1 and R2 are each methyl, R3 is octadecyl, R4 is 2-naphthylmethyl.
- 10. The process of claim 1 wherein, in general formula (IV), R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, octyl, octadecyl, and benzyl.
- 11. The process of claim 10 wherein R1 is octadecyl, R2 and R3 are each methyl.
- 12. The process of claim 1 wherein, in general formula (IV), the value of m is from 0.01 to 100.
- 13. The process of claim 12 wherein m is about 10 and n is about 90.
- 14. The process of claim 1 wherein, in general formula (IV), Z is selected from the group consisting of isobutyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, styrene, 4-t-butylstyrene, methyl vinyl ether, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
- 15. The process of claim 14 wherein Z is isobutyl methacrylate.
- 16. The process of claim 1 wherein said quaternary ammonium tetraphenylborate salt comprises about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of total solids.
- 17. The process of claim 1 wherein said pigment is included in a dispersion.
- 18. The process of claim 1 wherein said pigment is a cyan-colored pigment or a yellow-colored pigment.
- 19. The process of claim 1 wherein said water-immiscible liquid is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures thereof.
- 20. The process of claim 1 wherein said solid colloidal stabilizer comprises silicon dioxide.
- 21. The process of claim 1 wherein said aqueous phase has a pH of about 2 to about 7.
- 22. The process of claim 21 wherein said aqueous phase has a pH buffered to about 4.
- 23. The process of claim 1 wherein said non-spherical toner particles have a volume-average particle size of about 3.5μ to about 5μ.
- 24. The process of claim 1 wherein said said quaternary ammonium tetraphenylborate is selected from the salts listed in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 below
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/814,899, filed Mar. 22, 2001 for METHOD FOR FORMING TONER PARTICLES HAVING CONTROLLED MORPHOLOGY AND CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM TETRAPHENYLBORATE CHARGE CONTROL AGENTS.
[0002] This application is also related to commonly assigned application Ser. No. 09/814,923, filed Mar. 22, 2001 for METHOD FOR FORMING TONER PARTICLES HAVING CONTROLLED MORPHOLOGY AND CONTAINING A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM TETRAPHENYLBORATE AND A POLYMERIC PHOSPHONIUM SALT, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,921, issued Jul. 9, 2002, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Continuations (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09814899 |
Mar 2001 |
US |
Child |
10414394 |
Apr 2003 |
US |