Claims
- 1. In a process for preparing a photoconductive element comprising elemental selenium dispersed in a binder, the improvement which comprises chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
- 2. The process of claim 1 which comprises dissolving or dispersing (a) said selenium compound and (b) said polymer in a solvent capable of dissolving at least said polymer, coating said solution or dispersion on a conductive support and drying.
- 3. The process of claim 1 which comprises dissolving or dispersing (a) said selenium compound and (b) said polymer, and (c) a reducing agent in a solvent capable of dissolving at least said polymer, coating said solution or dispersion on a conductive support and drying.
- 4. The process of claim 3, wherein said reducing agent is capable of reducing said selenium compound within about 30 minutes when used in a solvent in an amount twice the molar amount of the selenium compound at 100.+-.5.degree. C.
- 5. The process of claim 3, wherein said reducing agent is represented by the formula (I):
- R--CO--NH--NH.sub.2 (I)
- wherein R represents a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group which may be substituted.
- 6. The process of claims 2, 3 or 5, wherein said solution dispersion is dried at a temperature and for a time sufficient to complete the reduction of said selenium compound.
- 7. The process of claim 6, wherein said drying is at a temperature of about 20.degree. to 100.degree. C.
- 8. The process of claims 2, 3 or 5, wherein after said solution or dispersion is dried, the coating is heat treated to convert said elemental selenium to trigonal selenium.
- 9. The process of claim 8, wherein said heat treatment is conducted at temperature of about 80.degree. to 250.degree. C.
- 10. The process of claims 2 or 3, wherein said heat treatment is conducted with said coating sandwiched between said conductive support and another layer.
- 11. The process of claim 10, wherein said other layer is a charge carrier transporting layer.
- 12. The process of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5, wherein said selenium compound is any inorganic compound capable of liberating elemental selenium upon reduction.
- 13. The process of claim 12, wherein said selenium compound is selected from the group consisting of selenium dioxide, selenious acid, selenium (IV) oxybromide, selenium tetrachloride, and selenium tetrabromide.
- 14. The process of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5, wherein said insulating polymer has charge carrier transporting ability.
- 15. The process of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, polystyrene, poly-.alpha.-methylstyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyvinylbutyral, polyvinylformal, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylpyrene, polyester, polyamide, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, and phenol-formaldehyde resin.
- 16. The process of claim 5, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene, cumaroneindene resin and polymethylmethacrylate.
- 17. The process of claim 1, wherein said selenium compound is present in an amount of 10.sup.-4 to 10.sup.-2 mol per gram of said polymer.
- 18. The process of claim 5, wherein R is a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a hydroxy or methyl substituted phenyl group.
- 19. The process of claim 5, wherein said hydrazide is selected from the group consisting of hydrazide acetate, hydrazide propionate, hydrazide salicylate, hydrazide p-hydroxybenzoate, hydrazide, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, hydrazide 4-methylsalicylate, and hydrazide o-methylbenzoate.
- 20. In a process for preparing an electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive support, a charge carrier generating layer (CGL) and a charge carrier transporting layer (CTL) wherein said CGL contains elemental selenium dispersed in a binder, the improvement which comprises forming said elemental selenium by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
- 21. The process of claim 20 which comprises dissolving or dispersing (a) said selenium compound and (b) said polymer in a solvent capable of dissolving at least said polymer, coating said solution or dispersion upon a conductive support and drying.
- 22. The process of claim 20 which comprises dissolving or dispersing (a) said selenium compound, (b) said polymer and (c) a reducing agent in a solvent capable of dissolving at least said polymer, coating said solution or dispersion on a conductive support, and drying.
- 23. The process of claim 22, wherein said reducing agent is capable of reducing said selenium compound within about 30 minutes when used in a solvent in an amount twice the molar amount of the selenium compound at a temperature of about 100.+-.5.degree. C.
- 24. The process of claim 22, wherein said reducing agent is represented by the formula (I):
- R--CO--NH--NH.sub.2 (I)
- wherein R represents a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a substituted phenyl group.
- 25. The process of claims 21, 22 or 24, wherein said solution or dispersion is dried at a temperature and for a time sufficient to complete the reduction of said selenium compound.
- 26. The process of claim 25, wherein said drying is at about 20.degree. to 100.degree. C.
- 27. The process of claims 21, 22 or 24, wherein after said solution or dispersion is dried, the coating is heat treated to convert said elemental selenium to trigonal selenium.
- 28. The process of claim 27, wherein said heat treatment is conducted at a temperature of about 80.degree. to 250.degree. C.
- 29. The process of claims 21 or 22, wherein said heat treatment is conducted with said CGL sandwiched between said conductive support and said CTL.
- 30. The process of claims 20, 21, 22 or 24, wherein said selenium compound is any inorganic compound capable of liberating elemental selenium upon reduction.
- 31. The process of claim 30, wherein said selenium compound is selected from the group consisting of selenium dioxide, selenium oxybromide, selenium tetrachloride and selenium tetrabromide.
- 32. The process of claims 20, 21, 22 or 24, wherein said insulating polymer has charge carrier transporting ability.
- 33. The process of claims 20, 21, 22 or 24, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, polystyrene, poly-.alpha.-methylstyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyvinylbutyral, polyvinylformal, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylpyrene, polyester, polyamide, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, and phenol-formaldehyde resin.
- 34. The process of claim 24, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene, cumaroneindene resin and polymethyl methacrylate.
- 35. The process of claim 20, wherein said inorganic selenium compound is present in an amount of about 10.sup.-4 to 10.sup.-2 mol per gram polymer.
- 36. The process of claim 24, wherein R represents a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a hydroxy or methyl substituted phenyl group.
- 37. The process of claim 24, wherein said hydrazide is selected from the group consisting of hydrazide acetate, hydrazide propionate, hydrazide salicylate, hydrazide p-hydroxybenzoate, hydrazide 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, hydrazide 4-methylsalicylate, and hydrazide o-methylbenzoate.
- 38. A photoconductive element comprising a conductive support and a layer containing elemental selenium dispersed in a binder wherein said elemental selenium is produced by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
- 39. An electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive support, a charge carrier generating layer (CGL) and a charge carrier transporting layer (CTL), wherein said CGL contains elemental selenium dispersed in a binder and said elemental selenium is produced by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
- 40. The electrophotosensitive element of claim 39, wherein said element is constructed in the order of said conductive support, said CGL and said CTL.
- 41. The electrophotosensitive element of claim 39, wherein said element is constructed in order of said conductive support, said CTL and said CGL.
- 42. The electrophotosensitive material of claims 39, 40 or 41, wherein said CTL is a layer containing a charge carrier transporting material (CTM) uniformly dispersed in an electrically insulating binder polymer.
- 43. The electrophotosensitive material of claim 42, wherein said CTM is selected from a 1,5-diphenyl-3-styrylpyrazoline derivative, an amino group substituted triphenylmethane derivative, a triarylamine, a benzydine derivative, and trinitrofluorenone.
- 44. The electrophotosensitive material of claims 39, 40 or 41, wherein said CTL is a layer composed of poly-N-vinylcarbazole or a charge carrier transfer complex of poly-N-vinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone.
- 45. The electrophotosensitive element of claim 42, wherein the electrically insulating binder polymer used for forming CTL is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate of bisphenol A, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinylbutyral.
- 46. The electrophotosensitive element of claim 39, wherein the thickness of CGL is from about 0.5 .mu.m to about 2 .mu.m.
- 47. The electrophotosensitive element of claim 39, wherein the thickness of CTL is from about 5 .mu.m to about 20 .mu.m.
- 48. The process of claims 4 or 23, wherein said reducing agent is hydroxy-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, a hydrazide derivative, an ascorbic acid derivative, a pyrazolone derivative, a pyrazolidone derivative, a urea derivative, an oxalate, an aldehyde, or salt of an oxidizable metal.
Priority Claims (2)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
53-155267 |
Dec 1978 |
JPX |
|
54-85396 |
Jul 1979 |
JPX |
|
Parent Case Info
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 102,806, filed Dec. 12, 1978, now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (3)
Continuations (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
102806 |
Dec 1979 |
|