This invention relates to pumping liquids from hydrocarbon wells that are producing natural gas.
It is common to drill a well seeking hydrocarbons and to set a permanent packer with a tailpipe hanging from the packer down inside casing. Such an arrangement provides access to natural gas where the formation is under high pressure. High gas productivity provides flow rates that are able to carry liquids to the wellhead and avoid issues of liquid resistance. Also, high gas productivity is often desired for high monetization of the gas from the well and create high cash flow for the owner of the hydrocarbon resource. However, eventually such wells mature and flow rates diminish to the point where the natural flow is unable to carry the liquids out of the well. In these circumstances where gas production is already diminishing, liquids in the well create additional problems by substantially diminishing or restricting gas production. Such wells continue to produce gas in “bubble flow” where it is readily apparent that removing the water column would significantly enhance gas recovery and productivity rates.
While many procedures are known for extending the life and productivity of such wells, eventually such wells are plugged and abandoned because the gas flow is diminished to a trickle. With a permanent packer in place to handle the original high pressures of the well, installing a pump is impractical. Some might consider milling out the permanent packer, but milling requires cooling lubricant that inherently exaggerates the problem of too much liquid at the bottom of the well and permanently choking down the gas flow from the formation.
Some have installed coiled tubing down inside the production tubing where the coiled tubing has a much smaller diameter than the tail pipe. With a smaller diameter, the same gas productivity in the well will flow upwardly through the coiled tubing at a faster rate and keep the liquids entrained with the gas. While this is likely to extend the life of the well, a positive displacement pump will allow for more gas recovery and liquids recovery than even the smallest diameter tube operating in an artificial lift scenario.
The invention more particularly relates to a system for producing liquids from a gas well having a permanent packer and a tailpipe installed in the natural gas well where the system includes a pump having a barrel and a plunger wherein the barrel is connected to the production tubing at a connection near the lower end thereof and the plunger is arranged for up and down pumping movement within the barrel. The system includes holes in the tailpipe above the connection of the barrel to the production tubing and a string of hollow valve rod connected to the plunger and in fluid communication therewith to carry liquids drawn into the plunger during the movement of the plunger up and down within the barrel.
In a preferable arrangement, the system includes check valves within the hollow valve rod to prevent particles that might settle in liquid from descending below the check valves and maintaining the particles at a level in the wellbore closer to the surface so that when the pump is operating, the particles are pushed closer and closer to the surface to eventually be fully removed from the well.
The invention also relates to a process for producing liquids from a cased natural gas well where the natural gas well has perforations in casing to produce gas and liquids, a permanent packer and a tailpipe installed therein wherein the process includes installing holes in the tailpipe generally at or above the level of the perforations in the casing and then installing a pump at the end of a string of hollow valve rod where the pump includes a barrel and a hollow plunger and where the hollow plunger is connected to and in fluid communication with the hollow valve rod and further includes a traveling valve to admit liquids into the hollow interior of the plunger and wherein the barrel connects to the tailpipe below the holes installed in the tailpipe in step a) and includes a standing valve to admit liquids into the barrel. Then plunger is raised and lowered, repetitively, to draw liquids through the standing valve and through the traveling valve and eventually into the hollow valve rod.
The invention, together with further advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Turning now to the preferred arrangement for the present invention, reference is made to the drawings to enable a more clear understanding of the invention. However, it is to be understood that the inventive features and concept may be manifested in other arrangements and that the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described or illustrated. The scope of the invention is intended only to be limited by the scope of the claims that follow.
In
In the present situation, the hydrocarbon bearing formation may have been at very high pressure when initially accessed and precautions had to be taken to maintain well control. With very high pressure, a permanent packer 20 is installed with tailpipe 22 hanging below the permanent packer 20. The natural gas being produced from the formation would have entered the bottom of the tailpipe 22 and, by standard convention, travelled up the tailpipe 22 into production tubing (not shown) that is stung or connected into the top of the permanent packer 20 in fluid communication with the tailpipe 22. After the formation has become somewhat depleted and gas rates have diminished, less and less liquids are being entrained in the gas flow. As a result, liquids collect at the bottom of the wellbore 10.
By the present invention the completion is changed to positive displacement pump 30 to positively evacuate the liquids that are collected at the bottom of the wellbore 10 and convey such liquids to the surface. Before the rod pump, generally indicated by arrow 30, is installed into the tail pipe 22, holes 25 are created in the tailpipe just below the permanent packer 20. These holes will be used to allow natural gas to proceed up the tailpipe 22 and into production tubing without being impeded by liquids. They may be created by detonating a shaped charge or by other mechanical means for making perforations or holes in the side of pipe while downhole as is known in the art.
After the holes 25 are created, the rod pump 30 is installed into the tailpipe 22 using a nipple 23 in the tailpipe 22. The nipple 23 is a common feature in such wells in that they are used for plugs when the wellbore 10 was originally completed. With a sealing surface, either the barrel 40 of the pump 30 is seated into the nipple 23 of the tail pipe 22 with a suitable sealing arrangement (not shown) or a hollow sub attached to the barrel 40 and suited for engaging nipple 23 is installed in a sealing arrangement with the nipple 23. Plunger 50 is arranged to move up and down within the barrel 40 by movement of string of hollow valve rod 60.
Hollow valve rod 60 is connected to plunger 50 by a hollow shear tool 65 which will be more clearly explained when referring to
Below the barrel 40 is a strainer nipple 42 having a number of holes to allow liquids or gas that is in the quiet zone 53 to pass into the barrel through standing valve 44. Standing valve 44 is shown to be a ball and seat, but may be any suitable one-way valve technology. As the plunger 50 is lifted relative to the barrel 40, liquids are drawn up through the strainer nipple 42 and through standing valve 44 to fill the space in the barrel 40 below the plunger 50. The plunger 50 includes a travelling valve 34, that like the standing valve 44, is shown as a ball and seat, but may be any suitable one-way valve technology. As the plunger 50 is lowered in the barrel 40, standing valve 44 closes to keep liquid in the barrel but unseat the travelling valve 34 so that the liquids in the barrel below the plunger 50 enter and flow into hollow inside of the plunger 50. Liquids that were already in the plunger 50 before the plunger began its downward movement in the barrel 40 exit through the top of the plunger 50 through the hollow valve rod 60.
Hollow valve rod 60 includes a series of check valves 55 to prevent liquids from draining back down to the plunger 50. A check valve 55 may be a ball and seat as shown, but other one-way valve technology may also suffice. The check valves are spaced apart in the hollow valve rod 60 so that liquid pumped up the hollow valve rod passes at least one check valve 55 during each pump cycle. Any sand or particulates are intended to be carried with the liquid and the check valves 55 are intended to prevent such solids from settling below the last check valve during periods where the pump 30 is idle. The small diameter, and therefore a higher velocity flow rate would help entrain the solids with the liquid. Ideally, by calculating the wellbore volume that liquid will be allowed to occupy and by spacing the check valves or ball checks within the string so that the volume between them does not exceed a pumping cycle volume then each operating cycle would cause the particles to pass through at least one check valve. Again, with the smaller diameter in the production path up through the hollow valve rod 60, the pump rate can set at or above the lift velocity required for the well and re-entrainment of the solids into the liquid flow should be quicker and more certain.
In operation, pump 30 operates intermittently to lift liquids out of the bottom of the wellbore 10 so that hydrocarbon production is optimized. A number of operation schemes can be employed, but typically, the pump 30 is started based on elapsed time from the most recent pump operation cycle and continues until a reduced weight of the plunger 50 is detected, meaning that the liquids at the bottom of the well are reduced and that the pump 30 has had a gas break through.
The pump 30 preferably maintains the liquid level within the wellbore 10 below the perforations 18. Natural gas entering the wellbore 10 from the formation is allowed to pass up the inside of the casing 12 until the permanent packer 20 and pass through holes 25 and then pass up annulus 28 to the surface. Two production paths are then created where gas progresses up the annulus 28 while liquids and any entrained solids pass up through the hollow valve rod 60.
Turning now to
Finally, the scope of protection for this invention is not limited by the description set out above, but is only limited by the claims which follow. That scope of the invention is intended to include all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated into the specification as an embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the claims are part of the description and are a further description and are in addition to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The discussion of any reference is not an admission that it is prior art to the present invention, especially any reference that may have a publication date after the priority date of this application.
This application is a non-provisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/247,386 filed Sep. 30, 2009, entitled “Producing Gas and Liquid from Below a Permanent Packer in a Hydrocarbon Well,” and also to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/247,331 filed Sep. 30, 2009, entitled “Double String Pump for Hydrocarbon Wells,” both of which are incorporated herein in their entirety. None.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20110073318 A1 | Mar 2011 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61247386 | Sep 2009 | US | |
61247331 | Sep 2009 | US |