Patent Grant
8141493
This application is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371 of PCT Application No. PCT/US2010/055150 having an international filing date of Nov. 2, 2010, which designated the United States, the entire disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure is generally directed toward projectiles for use with rifled barrels and methods of manufacturing the same.
It is well understood by those skilled in the art of weaponry that firearms typically fall into two separate families, those being: smooth bore and rifled bore. A smooth bore was the original design of all early firearms (cannons and hand held guns) smooth bore barrels fire mono- or multi-projectile shot without inducing a spin. The most recognized non-spinning mono projectiles would be fired from a colonial smooth bore musket, (i.e., the sphere configuration dominated in popularity and then the min-ball (a more aerodynamically shaped version)). Due to the advent of the second member of the firearm family, the rifled barrel, a superior method of firing a mono-projectile with a predictable flight path was achieved and the practice of firing slugs form a smooth boor is all but forgotten.
In contrast, most modern marksmen frequently use smooth bore barrels to fire non-spinning multi-projectile shot as buckshot or birdshot, which are most often referred to as “scatter shot” due to the reliance on random events/influences to cause a spreading out of the plurality of projectiles. This shot type was originally referred to as “scatter-shot” because it relies on random influences (e.g., wind, barometric pressure, temperature, velocity, collisions, turbulence, etc.) to achieve a random but semi-predictable rate/pattern of ever expanding separation. As the plurality of projectiles travel down the barrel of the gun and further travel down range toward the target, the spreading out of the projectiles occurs randomly and simultaneously on all three axes X,Y,Z (vertical, horizontal and depth). Because of the three axes random separation, this type of shot is most effective only at semi-close range engagements of 10 to 40 yards. Unfortunately, under ten yard the spread pattern is nominal and offers little advantage if any over a mono-projectile, and beyond 40 yards large gaps between projectile segments develop unpredictably thereby reducing probability as they continue to spread indefinitely.
As marksmen became increasingly frustrated with the limitations of the predictability of flight paths (accuracy) of mono-projectiles fired from smooth bored firearms, rifled bore firearms were created. Barrel rifling is a relatively simple modification to a standard gun barrel but the effects of the rifling resulted in a quantum leap forward in improving the predictably of the flight path of a mono-projectile fired from it; the accuracy benefit is due primarily to the gyroscopic stabilization gained as a result of spin imparted to the projectile as it contacts the grooves and lands of the rifling pattern while the bullet travels the length of the barrel. To clarify, the improved predictability (accuracy) is achieved by imparting a spin to the projectile as it rubs against the riffling in the barrel prior to it leaving the tip of the gun. This spin gyroscopically stabilizes the projectile as it travels down range.
The rifled bore group of firearms is commonly divided into four sub-categories: 1) Small caliber weapons using ammunition ranging in size from 0.22 inch which are commonly fired from small handguns; 2) Small arms weapons which use straight sided centre fire ammunition, the ammunition being fired from handguns and semi-automatic guns, the common bores being 0.38 inch, 0.357 inch, .45 cal, 0.44 inch, 9 mm and 10 mm which offer accuracy over a range up to 50 meters; 3) Combat rifles which fire ammunition sending projectiles at very high velocities over ranges of 500 meters plus, the common bores being 0.223 inch (5.56 mm), 5.7 mm, 0.303 inch, 7.62 mm and 0.50 inch; and 4) Heavy weapons for firing ammunition up to 2 kilometers commonly having bores of 20 mm, 30 mm and larger, and which are used in extreme range combat to deliver large payloads.
While the spin-rates, muzzle velocities, bore diameters, and other parameters of the above-mentioned four sub-categories of rifled firearms vary from firearm to firearm, there is one common theme among the design of these firearms—all rifled fireams are designed to deploy a single spinning projectile that is designed to remain whole, and not materially expand or distort from it aerodynamic shape (regardless of the amount of centrifugal force exerted on it) until it collides with a target.
Since smooth bore and rifled firearms both have design advantages and disadvantages, one type of firearm may be preferable for a certain situation (e.g., shotguns may be desirable in mid-range engagements, 20 to 100 feet (combat or hunting of pray) whereas another type of firearm may be preferable for other situations (e.g., rifled firearms such as pistols may be desirable for ultra-close range engagements of 0 to 20 feet or long barreled riles may be desirable for long range engagements of 100 yards and beyond). However, since it is often impracticable or impossible to carry/use multiple types of firearms at the same time, most people are automatically limited by the type of firearm which they are carrying, and in turn they are further limited by the type of shot they can fire.
It is, therefore, one aspect of the present disclosure to provide multi-projectile ammunition designed to be fired from a rifled firearm (or any other type of firearm which imparts a gyroscopically-stabilizing spin on projectiles fired therefrom) which is not only designed to emulate the increased hit probability of smooth bore-based multi-projectiles, but also improve the performance of the projectile it at ultra-close and long-range engagements. Moreover, since the ammunition described herein benefits form the spin generated forces produced by a rifled firearm, many of the disadvantages associated with the use of a multi-projectile scatter-shot (e.g., random separation on three axis's, random grouping of segments (clusters), infinite separation potential, undesired gaps between segments at longer ranges, slow rate of radial expansion, random flight path of any given projectile segment and limited effective range) can be overcome.
In accordance with at least some embodiments of the present disclosure, ammunition (also referred to as a round, cartridge, or cartridge assembly) for a rifled firearm is provided which includes a projectile assembly having at least a first and second projectile portion which interlock to assure a simultaneous departure from the gun barrel. In some embodiments, the projectile assembly further includes an interconnecting member which interconnects the plurality of projectile portions of the projectile assembly. As the projectile assembly is fired and travels down bore of the rifled firearm, the projectile assembly begins to spin. Also, due to the confinement within the barrel, the portions of the projectile assembly maintain their interlocked relationship regardless of spin generated forces. However, once the projectile assembly exits the barrel of the firearm, the spinning forces imparted on the projectile assembly by the rifling causes the previously interlocked portions of the projectile to simultaneously move rapidly outward (radial movement) away from their original center of rotation (which is coincident with an original trajectory of the projectile assembly as well as the center axis of the barrel).
In some embodiments, the portions of the assembly may be uniformly constructed. Due to the synchronized movement assured by the uniformity of the portions and the simultaneous departure from the barrel, the portions create a uniform spacing form one another while the projectile assembly spreads out as it continues to travel along its original trajectory path away from the barrel. As the projectile assembly travels down range away from the barrel of the firearm, and the spin generated forces move the pre-fragmented pieces away from their center of rotation, a multi-staged tether/brake system, originally housed within a protective cavity formed by the assembly of interlocking segments begins to emerge, at first intentionally offering little resistance to slow down the rapid outward rate of expansion. This intentional delay in the application of a radial movement breaking force is to allow for the most rapid possible separation of the individual segments form the original center of rotation to increase the area of influence (hit probability) in ultra-close engagements.
After the initial delay, the tether/brake system enters a second phase, and begins to arrest the outward movement of the portions by applying small incremental amounts resistance that collectivity counter the vast majority if not all of the pulling force exerted on the tether/brake system. If additional radial movement persists beyond deployment of the second phase, an additional phase of the braking system activates. In some embodiments, this additional phase of braking utilizes a deformation brake which arrests the balance of the pulling force and along with the ever present centrifugal force inherent in the spinning assembly segments, the portions lock into orbit around their original center of rotation and the projectile assembly is gyroscopically stable. The now separated portions locked into a spin-stabilized orbit at a fixed distance from center and each other respectively and continue down range in a predetermined spread pattern until some or all of the projectile assembly strikes an object or falls to the ground.
When this projectile assembly is fired from a rifled barrel, the portions automatically deploy into a pre-defined maximum diameter and pattern of spread in a predictable precise manner. The assembly's design harnesses spin-generated forces to first allow for a rapid outward radial spread (four times faster rate of expansion than traditional buckshot), and then uses a multi-staged braking and tether restraint system to arrest and suspend the portions into orbit at a fixed distance around their original center of rotation.
In some embodiments, the projectile assembly may include more than a first and second projectile portion. For example, the projectile assembly may include a first, second, and third projectile portion. In another example, the projectile assembly may include a first, second, third, and fourth projectile portion. In another example, the projectile assembly may include a first, second, third, fourth and fifth projectile portion. The configuration of the tether may vary depending on the number of projectile portions in the projectile assembly.
In some embodiments, the tether/brake system may comprise a number of arms which are interconnected at a central point. Each projectile portion of the projectile assembly may have an arm of the tether/brake system connected thereto. In some embodiments, each projectile portion comprises a via through which an arm of a tether passes through. The configuration of the via may be such that the tether arm is retained in the via even when pulling forces are applied to the tether arm. Accordingly, the weight and expanding forces of a single projectile portion are used to slow down the rate at which the other projectile portions are expanding away from the original center of trajectory of the projectile assembly. By providing symmetric projectile portions, meaning that each projectile portion of the projectile assembly has the virtually the same weight and physical properties, each projectile portion and its respective interconnected tether will function as a counter force allow the simultaneous pulling force of the additional apposing tether/segment in the assembly to deploy at the same rate and manner of deceleration allowing for a uniform and stable orbit to be obtained.
In some embodiments, the tether/brake system is configured such that a plurality of braking forces are sequentially applied to each projectile portion as the projectile portions expand away from their center of rotation substantially within a single plane of expansion and wherein a trajectory of the multi-projectile assembly is substantially orthogonal to the plane of expansion.
In some embodiments, the tether is configured to first allow the projectile portions to expand away from their center of rotation with an increasing rate of velocity for a first predetermined amount of time (or up to a predetermined distance). Thereafter, the tether/brake system is configured to start applying a first set of braking forces equally to all projectile portions. The first set of braking forces begin to decrease the rate of velocity with which the projectile portions expand away from their original center of rotation. The first set of braking forces are applied to the projectile portions for a second amount of time. Thereafter, the tether/brake system is configured to start applying a second braking force equally to all projectile portions. The second braking force is applied to the projectile portions after the first amount of time and after the second amount of time. The second braking force along with the outstretched tether ultimately causes the projectile portions to stop expanding away from one another and their center of rotation. The sequential application of the first set of braking forces and then the second braking force allows the deceleration of the projectile portions to be controlled, thereby maintaining a stable trajectory of the projectile assembly as it travels away from the barrel of the firearm as well as a stable orbit of the projectile portions. More specifically, the tether/brake system enables the projectile assembly to benefit from the gyroscopic stabilization at all phases of braking, thereby maintaining the accuracy of the shot.
In some embodiments, a cartridge is provided that includes a projectile assembly as described above as well as a primer and gunpowder. A cartridge, also called a round, packages the projectile assembly, gunpowder and primer into a single case precisely made to fit the firing chamber of a rifled firearm. The primer is a small charge of impact-sensitive chemical that may be located at the center of the case head (centerfire ammunition) or at its rim (rimfire ammunition) whether it's a cartridge case sealing a firing chamber in all directions except down the bore and the use of expanding gases from the burning powder expanding the case to seal against the chamber wall, resulting in the projectile assembly being pushed in the direction least resistance (down the barrel). Electrically-fired cartridges may also be provided. In addition, to the above mentioned configurations, embodiments of the projectile assembly described herein can also be used in cartridge-less system such as a stacked barrel formats or alternative propulsion formats (e.g., rail guns, compressed air guns, spring-based guns, electromagnetic-based guns, paintball guns, and the like).
It is another aspect of the present disclosure to provide a suppressor that is configured to allow the projectile described herein to pass therethrough while maintaining a guided radial restraint of the projectile portions in their interlocked relationship. Traditional suppressors are designed to have a bore area larger than the bore area of the barrel to which they are connected. The idea behind suppressors is that the additional area provided by the suppressor enables the gases which are propelling the projectile to expand within the suppressor rather than outside of the barrel, thereby minimizing the amount of noise associated with the projectile leaving the firearm. Unfortunately, currently available suppressors are incompatible with the projectile assembly of the present disclosure because the projectile portions are allowed to begin expanding apart within the suppressor. Accordingly, the suppressor described herein has raised a railing system (like a traditional rifling track) that has separated support legs that allow expanding gasses to permeate. To promote equalization of pressure in each of the chambers of the unit, the suspended rail guides the projectile assembly through the suppressor and maintains an adequate amount of radial restraint force on the projectile portions, thereby restricting their relative expansion as they pass through it. The rail system further allows for the desired expansion of gasses to reduce the noise signature of the shot. Further, the rail system need only match the twist rate of the rifling of the gun it is to be paired with. This matching assures the backward compatibility with traditional mono-projectiles (slugs) as well as full compatibility with multi-portion projectile assemblies of the proposed disclosure. This allows for the sequentional firing of multi-portion projectile assembly rounds and traditional rounds in the same salvo.
In some embodiments, a projectile assembly for use with a rifled barrel is provided, the projectile assembly generally comprising:
at least a first projectile portion;
at least a second projectile portion; and
a tether connecting the first and second projectile portions such that a spinning force imparted on the at least a first and second projectile portions causes the at least a first and second projectile portions to radially expand away from one another up to an expansion limit defined by the tether.
In one further aspect, the at least a first and second projectile portions comprise one or more corresponding locking features which limit relative movement of the at least a first and second projectiles in at least two directions of motion and the locking feature may include a stair-step feature.
In one further aspect, the projectile assembly includes at least a third projectile portion, wherein the tether further connects the at least a third projectile portion to the at least a first and second projectile portions. The projectile assembly may further include at least a fourth projectile portion, wherein the tether further connects the at least a fourth projection portion to the at least a first, second, and third projectile portions.
In some embodiments, the at least a first and second projections portions, when interconnected, are responsive to barrel riffling.
In some embodiments, the tether comprises at least a first and second arm, wherein the at least a first arm connects to the at least a first projectile, and wherein the at least a second arm connects to the at least a second projectile.
In some embodiments, the at least a first projectile portion comprises a via through which the tether passes. This via may correspond to a choke point, wherein the tether comprises a stopper, and wherein the stopper is larger than the choke point. It may also be the case that the choke point is separated from a center of mass of the at least a first projectile portion such that when a force is imparted on the at least a first projectile portion by the tether, the at least a first projectile portion rotates independently.
In some embodiments, the tether may have a chain-stitch configuration where successive loops are pulled through one another and the points where the tether intersects itself may be temporarily bonded with a breakable adhesive.
In some embodiments, the tether may include a loop configuration and the points where the tether intersects itself may be temporarily bonded with a breakable adhesive.
In some embodiments, the projectile assembly may include a cavity into which the tether is inserted while the at least a first and second projectile portions are interconnected to one another. This tether may be spooled in the cavity or folded in the cavity about one or more sleeves. The spooling and/or folding of the tether helps to inhibit the tether getting knotted or stuck as the projectile portions expand away from their original center of rotation.
In some embodiments, the tether is part of a radial braking and tether restraint system which includes a plurality of braking applicators configured to sequentially apply a first set of braking forces to the at least a first and second projectile portions after the at least a first and second projectile portions have expanded a first predetermined distance away from one another.
It is another aspect of the present disclosure to provide a multi-component projectile for use with a rifled barrel, the multi-component projectile comprising:
a first projectile portion;
a second projectile portion; and
a tether configured to apply a plurality of braking forces to the first and second projectile portions as the first and second projectile portions expand away from one another as well as their original center of rotation (corresponding to a trajectory path of the multi-component projectile).
In some embodiments, the first projectile portion and second projectile portion are symmetrically constructed.
In some embodiments, the first and second projectile portions are configured to interconnect with one another within a barrel and expand away from one another and a shared center of rotation upon exiting the barrel due to centrifugal forces exerted on the first and second projectile portions under influence of their spinning about a trajectory path that coincides with the shared center of rotation.
In some embodiments, the tether is configured to limit a distance to which the first and second projectile portions are allowed to expand away from their center of rotation. The tether may be part of a tether/braking system which includes a first tether arm for interfacing with the first projectile portion and a second tether arm for interfacing with the second projectile portion. In some embodiments, the first and second tether arms comprise a first and second section, wherein the second sections of the first and second arms comprise a plurality of braking applicators which apply a first set of the plurality of braking forces. The tether/braking system may further include a deformation brake which connects the first and second tether arms, wherein the deformation brake is configured to apply a second braking force. In some embodiments, the application of the second braking force causes the first and second projectile portions to achieve a stable orbit about a trajectory path of the multi-component projectile.
In some embodiments, the first projectile portion comprises a top portion and a bottom portion, the second projectile portion comprises a top portion and a bottom portion, the top portion and bottom portion of the first projectile portion are offset a predetermined amount to create a first offset surface, the top portion and bottom portion of the second projection portion are offset the predetermined amount to create a second offset surface, and the first and second offset surfaces interface to create a locking feature.
In some embodiments, the multi-component projectile further includes a cap which secures the tether/braking system within a cavity of the multi-component projectile when the first and second projectile portions are interconnected with one another.
In some embodiments, the first projectile portion includes a first via through which the tether applies the plurality of braking forces and the second projectile portion includes a second via through which the tether applies the plurality of braking forces.
In some embodiments, the plurality of braking forces are applied to the first projectile portion, at least in part, by the weight of the second projectile portion and the plurality of braking forces are applied to the second projectile portion, at least in part, by the weight of the first projectile portion.
In some embodiments, a multi-staged radial braking and tether restraint system is provided that generally comprises:
at least a first stage adapted to apply at least a first braking force to a plurality of projectile portions when the plurality of projectile portions expand away from their original center of rotation; and
at least a second stage adapted to apply at least a second braking force to the plurality of projectile portions when the plurality of projectile portions expand away from their center of rotation.
In some embodiments, the at least a first stage comprises a tether which applies the first braking force when the tether is under tension, the at least a second stage comprises a plurality of braking applicators established on the tether as well as a deformation brake.
In some embodiments the tether is looped and laid back onto itself and the braking applicators comprise a breakable bond created at points of contact where the tether touches itself.
In some embodiments, the tether is configured in such a way that consecutive loops are pulled through one after another (chain-stitched) and the braking applicators comprise a breakable bond created along points of contact where the tether touches itself.
In some embodiments, the tether is spooled and the braking applicators comprise a continuous or semi-continuous breakable bond created along points of contact where the tether touches itself.
It is another aspect of the present disclosure to provide a die-cast mold configured to create the projectile portion or multiples of the projectile portion described herein.
In some embodiments, an ammunition cartridge is provided which generally comprises:
a casing; and
a projectile assembly, the projectile assembly including a first and second projectile portion and a tether/braking system connecting the first and second projectile portions, wherein the projectile assembly is configured to be fired from the casing and be responsive to barrel rifling.
In some embodiments, the projectile assembly is responsive to barrel rifling by spinning at it travels down a barrel of a gun.
In some embodiments, a tether of the tether/braking system is further configured to equally apply one or more braking forces to the first and second projectiles thereby limiting an amount to which the first and second projectile portions are allowed to expand away from one another.
In some embodiments, a tether adapted for use with a projectile assembly is provided, the tether generally comprising:
a plurality of braking applicators adapted to sequentially apply a plurality of braking forces to a projectile portion as the tether comes under tension.
In some embodiments, the tether is part of a tether/braking system that further includes a deformation brake. In some embodiments, at least some of the plurality of braking applicators comprise an adhesive securing overlapping portions of the tether.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a multi-component projectile is provided, the method generally comprising:
providing a plurality of projectile portions;
providing a tether/braking system having a tether arm for each of the plurality of projectile portions;
establishing a connection between each tether arm and a corresponding projectile portion;
interlocking the plurality of projectile portions such that a cavity is created between the plurality of interlocked projectile portions; and
packing the tether/braking system into the cavity.
In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing further comprises chain-stitching at least a section of each tether arm.
In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing further comprises die casting the plurality of projectile portions.
In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing further comprises inserting the interlocked plurality of projectile portions into a casing.
The Summary is neither intended or should it be construed as being representative of the full extent and scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is set forth in various levels of detail and the Summary as well as in the attached drawings and in the detailed description and no limitation as to the scope of the present disclosure is intended by either the inclusion or non inclusion of elements, components, etc. in the Summary. Additional aspects of the present disclosure will become more readily apparent from the detailed description, particularly when taken together with the drawings.
The present disclosure is described in conjunction with the appended figures:
The ensuing description provides embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claims. Rather, the ensuing description will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing the described embodiments. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Although certain embodiments of the present disclosure will discuss utilizing propulsion from a gunpowder filled cartridge and projectile assembly, it is equally designed to function with firearms which employ alternative propulsion mechanisms such as, for example, compressed air, electromagnetic propulsion, spring forces, barrel stacked cartridge-less electronic ignition, etc. Although certain embodiments of the present disclosure will discuss utilizing a hand-held rifled firearm, it should be appreciated that embodiments of the present disclosure are not so limited. More specifically, the cartridges, projectiles, projectile assemblies, and components thereof may be used in connection with any type of rifled firearm including small caliber weapons, small arms weapons, combat rifles, heavy weapons, and any other type of firearm configured to impart spinning forces on a projectile.
In some embodiments, the cartridge 108 described herein may be configured for any type of firearm 100 including revolvers, semi-automatic firearms, fully-automatic firearms, handheld firearms, long-barrel rifles, alternatives to rifled firearms, and the like. The semi-automatic handheld firearm 100 depicted in
As the projectile assembly 124 travels down the barrel 104 of the firearm 100, rifling features 112 within the barrel 104 spin the projectile assembly 124. In some embodiments, the projectile assembly 124 may achieve a rotational speed and muzzle velocity equal to any traditional projectile fired from the firearm 100. As a couple non-limiting examples, the projectile assembly 124 may achieve a peak rotational speed of between 20,000 and 300,000 RPMs, depending upon the twist rate imparted by the rifling features 112 of the firearm 100 and the muzzle velocity of the projectile assembly 124 as it leaves the barrel exit 116. Specifically, twist rate of firearm 100 can be converted to rotational speed of the projectile assembly 124 as it leaves the barrel exit 116 by using the following formula:
RPM=(MV)×(720/TR)
Where RPMs are rotations per minute, MV is muzzle velocity, and TR is twist rate. In traditional rifle projectiles, the rotational speed of the projectile does not reduce significantly as the projectile travels its trajectory. Rather, the projectile traditionally goes trans-sonic, and then sub-sonic long before slowing rotation has any detrimental effect on the trajectory path of the projectile. The projectile assembly 124 leaves the barrel exit 116 with substantially the same properties of a traditional rifle mono-projectile. In some types of rifled firearms 100, the projectile assembly 124 may leave the barrel 104 of the firearm 100 spinning one revolution for every 10 inches traveled. Of course, different firearms 100 may be used to achieve different spin rates.
However, as can be seen in
In some embodiments, the spin-generated forces 126 provide several functions and features. First, the spin-generated forces enable the projectile assembly 124 and all its constituent parts to remain gyroscopically stabilized, which means the projectile assembly 124 maintains its original trajectory path and is as accurate as a conventional mono-projectile that spins. Second, the spin-generated forces cause an accelerated radial expansion of the projectile assembly 124. More specifically, the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c are configured to expand away from their center of rotation 136 up to four times faster than the rate at which conventional buckshot expands. Third, the spin-generated forces 126 enables the projectile assembly 124 to achieve a spread pattern that is larger in area than the barrel 104 of the gun 100 from which it was fired.
In some embodiments, the projectile assembly 124 includes a first projectile portion 128, a second projectile portion 128b, and a third projectile portion 128c which are interconnected to one another via a tether/braking system 132. While the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c are allowed to expand away from the center of rotation 136 and one another respectively as the projectile assembly 124 travels down range, due to the conservation of angular momentum, the original center of rotation 136 of the projectile assembly 124 will travel along a trajectory path that is substantially identical to the path/trajectory as if the projectile fired remained a solid slug. Accordingly, with only a minor adjustment for increased drag, the projectile assembly 124 is not only configured to achieve a substantially larger strike area, the range and accuracy of the firearm is substantially uninhibited in doing so.
Initially, the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c are allowed to accelerate radially away from center with little to no tether resistance. However, after the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c have moved a first predetermined radial distance 140a away from the center of rotation 136, the tether(s) of the tether/braking system 132 begin to restrain the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c, thereby causing the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c to begin a radial deceleration.
As can be seen in
Another interesting characteristic of the projectile assembly 124 can be seen in
In some embodiments, the individual rotation of each projectile portion 128a, 128b, 128c may be controlled by strategically positioning the location where the tether/braking system 132 interfaces with the projectile portion 128a, 128b, 128c. In some embodiments, the center of mass of the projectile portion 128a, 128b, 128c may be located below (i.e., toward the back) of the location where the tether/braking system 132 interfaces with the projectile portion 128a, 128b, 128c. By separating the tether/braking system 132 interface from the center of mass of the projectile portion 128a, 128b, 128c, the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c are individually rotated as the spin-generated forces push the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c radially outward and as the tether/braking system 132 begins to restrain the radial expansion of the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c.
Although the projectile assembly 124 is depicted as having a first, second, and third projectile portion 128a, 128b, and 128c, respectively, one skilled in the art will appreciate that a projectile assembly 124 may have as few as two and as many as five projectile portions without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As one example, the projectile assembly 124 may comprise only a first and second projectile portion. As another example, the projectile assembly 124 may comprise a first, second, third, and fourth projectile portion. As another example, the projectile assembly 124 may comprise a first, second, third, fourth and fifth projectile portion.
The types of materials used to construct the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c can vary depending upon the type of use envisioned for the projectile assembly 124. For instance, different materials may be used in hunting-type projectile assemblies 124 as compared to self-defense-type projectile assemblies 124. Other types of uses which may control the materials used to construct the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c include, without limitation, stunning use cases, knock-down use cases, riot-control use cases, home-defense use cases, and so on. The types of materials that may be used to construct the projectile assembly 124 include, without limitation semi-mailaubal plastics, metals, organic or inorganic rubbers, lead, jacketed lead, zinc, zinc alloys, oxygen free copper and alloys like copper nickel, tellurium copper and brass like highly machinable UNS C36000 Free-Cutting Brass, tungsten, tungsten carbide, steel, Bismuth, rubber, wax, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and other polymers, polycarbonate plastic, other plastics and any combinations thereof.
Similarly, the types of materials used to construct the tether/braking system 132 can vary depending upon the type of use envisioned for the projectile assembly 124. In certain hunting use cases, it may be desirable to utilize a tether material 132 that breaks rather easily upon impact, thereby increasing the penetration depth of each projectile portion 128a, 128b, 128c. In certain home-defense use cases, it may be desirable to utilize a tether material 132 that does not break so easily upon impact, thereby minimizing penetration depth and limiting the projectile assembly's ability to travel through sheet rock and other wall materials. Suitable materials which may be used to construct the projectile assembly 124 include, but are not limited to, a para-aramid synthetic fiber (e.g., generally an aramid fibercotton), woven cotton, silk, flourocarbon and other polymers, steel, and any other pliable thread-like material which can be packaged within the projectile assembly 124 but is also capable of exerting a restraining force on the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c until the radial outward force is arrested and a desired spread pattern is obtained.
With reference now to
In some embodiments, the center of rotation 136 of the projectile assembly 124 maintains its original trajectory. Although the increased drag of a full deployed projectile assembly 124 may decrease the down range velocity at a quicker pace than that of a traditional slug, the projectile assembly 124 can cover the same distance, with a minor adjustment of trajectory. However, within a range of 50 yards or less, the trajectory is nearly identical to the trajectory followed by a single projectile fired from the same firearm and any difference is compensated for by the increased area of influence of the orbiting portions 128a, 128b, 128c.
The projectile assembly 124 provides many advantages over the prior art. Once such advantage is that, as compared to a shotgun spread pattern 156, the projectile assembly 124, by harnessing the spin-generated force, expands at a faster rate (i.e., achieves a larger effective strike area) than multiple projectiles fired from a standard shotgun. As one example, projectile assembly 124 test firing has achieved twelve inches of spread by the time the assembly 124 had traveled eight feet away from the barrel exit 116. This particular feature can be seen more clearly with respect to
In comparison, a typical shotgun firing buckshot requires approximately 32 feet before a spread of 12 inches in diameter is obtained. Another advantage is that, as compared to the shotgun spread pattern 156, the expansion of the projectile assembly 124 is limited after the projectile assembly 124 has traveled the first predetermined distance 148. The un-tethered multiple projectiles fired from a shotgun, on the other hand, continue to spread apart from one another without restriction. This decreases the shotgun's effectiveness at greater distances due to the fact that large gaps form between the projectile portions. Yet another advantage is that, as compared to the spread pattern of a single projectile 160, the projectile assembly 124 is able to achieve a spread pattern that is larger than an area of the rifle barrel 104, thereby increasing the potential strike area and the chances of a successful strike at both short and long ranges due to the finite amount of spread. The single projectile 160 only has a spread pattern prior to impact equal to the size of the rifle barrel 104.
Referring now to
When the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c are interconnected with one another and placed in the casing 120, an upper cavity 164 may be created between the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c. As will be discussed in further detail herein, the upper cavity 164 is provided as a storage location for the tether/braking system 132 of the projectile assembly 124. A lid may be placed over the top of the upper cavity to fully contain the tether/braking system 132 during shipment. In some embodiments, a lid feature 168 is provided which enables the lid to fit securely within the upper cavity 164 and remain in place until the projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c begin to expand away from one another. In some embodiments, the lid feature 168 comprises a lip, notch, hook, or similar friction fit-based feature that locks a lid into position over the upper cavity 164. Threading, screws, adhesives, and other types of features may be used to create the lid feature 168 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
As can be seen in
In some embodiments, the projectile assembly 124 may comprise a bottom portion 180 and a top portion 184. The bottom portion 180 may comprise more weight than the top portion 184, thereby making the center of mass of the projectile assembly 124 reside below its equator. Similarly, the center of mass for each projectile portion 128 may be located below the line which is equidistance from the leading edge 172 and trailing edge 176. In other words, the center of mass of each projectile portion 128 may be in the bottom half of the projectile portion 128.
In some embodiments, the top portion 184 comprises a taper 188. Along the taper 188, the distance from the radial center of the projectile assembly 124 (which also corresponds to the shared point of contact between projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c) to an outer surface 200 of the projectile portion 128 increases further away from the first leading edge 172. The taper 188 may stop at some location in the top portion 184. In some embodiments, the taper 188 is provided to ensure that the projectile assembly 124, when inserted into a casing 120, is capable of easily being chambered into any traditional rifled firearm. The taper 188 is traditional used to ensure a smooth delivery of the cartridge 108 from a magazine into the firing chamber of a firearm 100 or to ensure a smooth transition across the gap between a revolver firing chamber and the barrel of the revolver. In some embodiments, the taper 188 comprises the appropriate geometry to conform to rifled firearm standards, thereby making the cartridge 108 and projectile assembly 124 compatible with most types of rifled firearms 100.
The projectile assembly 124 may also comprise a notch 192 which is a groove feature shared by all projectile portions 128a, 128b, 128c. The notch 192, in some embodiments, is configured to receive a restraint 228 as is shown in
The projectile assembly 124 may also comprise one or more locking features 196. The locking features 196 may correspond to a point where the projectile portions 128 interconnect such that forces applied at the bottom of the projectile assembly 124 do not result in a relative shift of the projectile portions 128. In some embodiments, the locking feature 196 corresponds to a stair-step feature which essentially precludes any relative shifting of the projectile portions along a central longitudinal axis (i.e., an axis along which the projectile assembly 124 travels in the barrel 104) of the projectile assembly 124.
Additional details of the locking features 196 are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13A-F. In particular, the locking features 196 may be positioned proximate to equator of the projectile portions 128. In some embodiments, the locking features 196 are located at or slightly above the center of rotation for each projectile portion 128. As can be seen in
Utilizing an offset between the bottom and top portions of the projectile portions 128 achieves two useful goals. First, the locking feature 196 can be created, thereby restricting the relative movement of the projectile portions 128 both in the casing 120 and in the barrel 104. Second, symmetry between all portions of the projectile assembly 124 is maintained. This enables the projectile assembly 124 to maintain a stable trajectory and allows the weight of each projectile portion 128 to counteract and equally apply a stopping force to other projectile portions in the projectile assembly 124 as the projectile assembly 124 decelerates the expanding segments.
In some embodiments, the locking feature 196 may comprise a configuration other than a stair-step feature. For example, the locking feature 196 may include one or more of slot and groove features, peg and hole features, interlocking teeth features, snaps, hooks, diagonal slopes, and so on.
Each projectile portion 128 may further include a via 204 which provides one way of interfacing the projectile portion 128 with the tether/braking system 132. Other possible ways of connecting the projectile portion 128 with a tether/braking system 132 include, but are not limited to, wrapping the tether/braking system 132 around some or all of the projectile portion 128, spot welding some of the tether/braking system 132 to a surface of the projectile portion 128, using a fastener or microfastener system to interconnect the tether/braking system 132 to the projectile portion 128, or the like.
With reference now to
In some embodiments, the radius of the first conical portion 216 is larger at the opening 220 than the radius of the first conical portion 216 at the choke point 228. Similarly, the radius of the second conical portion 218 is larger at the opening 224 than the radius of the second conical portion 218 at the choke point 228. This makes the choke point 228 correspond to the most narrow point within the via 204. The conical portions 216, 218 may be created by milling or machining the projectile portion 128 until the via 204 is created or during the formation of the portion 128. The orientation, size, and shape of the via 204 may vary depending upon the type of tether/braking system 132 being used, the type of material used to create the projectile portion 128, and other considerations. In some embodiments, the axis of the via 204 (i.e., the central axis of either conical portion 216, 218) may be orthogonal to both the bottom surface of the projectile portion 128 and the bottom surface of the cavity 164. In some embodiments, the axis of the via 204 may be angularly positioned relative to the bottom surface of the projectile portion 128. For example, the via 204 may be directed outward such that the opening 220 is closer to the center of the projectile assembly 124 whereas the opening 224 is closer to the outer surface 200 of the projectile assembly 124.
The location of the choke point 228 may be strategically positioned such that the point where the tether/braking system 132 applies a force to the projectile portion 128 is above the center of mass of the projectile portion 128. This allows the projectile portion 128 to individually rotate as the projectile assembly 124 move down range and achieve an optimal aerodynamic configuration for the individual projectile portion 128.
As can be seen in
In some embodiments, the stopper 232 is created by first threading the tether/braking system 132 through the via 204. Thereafter, an amount of glue or some other material is added to the free end of the tether/braking system 132 and/or within the second conical portion 218 to function as a wedge. Any type of polymer or similar material may be used to create the stopper 232. Suitable examples of materials which may be used to create the stopper 232 include, without limitation, thermosetting polymers, ultra-violet activated polymers, steel, aluminum, and the like. It may also be possible to establish the stopper 232 by simply tying the free end of the tether/braking system 132 into one or more knots that increase the size of the tether/braking system 132 to a size larger than the area of the choke point 228. In some embodiments, the entire via 204 may be filled with a polymer, adhesive, glue, or the like to secure the tether/braking system 132 into the via 204.
With reference now to
The tether/braking system 132 may comprise a deformation brake 236 which provides the common point of connection between all arms of the tether/braking system 132. In some embodiments, the deformation brake 236 is simply a point where the arms of the tether/braking system 132 come together and are united by some mechanism (e.g., staple, glue, wrapping, twisting, tying a knot, etc.). In some embodiments, the deformation brake 236 comprises a plastic or paper sleeve within which a free end of each arm is inserted. In the embodiment depicted in
A number of different tether/braking system 132 configurations may be utilized to further maximize the efficiency with which the space of the upper cavity 164 is utilized. Specifically, the tether/braking system 132 may be provided with a plurality of tether aims 240, one for each projectile portion 128. As one example, a first tether arm 240a may interface with a first projectile portion 128a, a second tether arm 240b may interface with a second projectile portion 128b, and a third tether arm 240c may interface with a third projectile portion 128c. The tether arms 240a, 240b, 240c may interconnect with one another at the deformation brake 236. In some embodiments, the length of each tether arm 240a, 240b, 240c is substantially the same within a machining tolerance.
The tether/braking system 132 depicted in
Utilization of a chain stitch along the arms 240 of the tether/braking system 132 provides one way of compressing more tether/braking system 132 material into a smaller volume. Specifically, a 4:1 gain in packing efficiency and tangle reduction during deployment can be achieved by using the chain-stitched tether/braking system 132 as opposed to an unchain-stitched tether.
The advantages of using a second section 248 to apply sequential braking forces to the projectile portions 128 can be seen more readily with regards to
The configuration shown in
The configuration shown in
A further alternative configuration leverages the spooled assembly depicted in
Upon initial deployment in either configuration, the first section 244 of each tether arm 240 may be a first length and the second section 248 of each tether arm 240 may be a second length. As can be seen, the second section 248 of each tether arm 240 may comprise a number of braking applicators 256. Before a first point in time 252a (t(1)) the second section 248 of the tether arms 240 are not under tension and the projectile portions 128 are accelerating radially away from the center of rotation 136 of the projectile assembly 124. However, after the first point in time 252a (t(1)), the second section 248 comes under tension and the tether/braking system 132 begins applying a first set of braking forces to each projectile portion 128 by way of the braking applicators 256 and the opposing pulling force(s) of other projectile portions 128 in the projectile assembly 124. The sequential breaking of each braking applicator 256 causes the velocity with which each projectile portion 128 is radially expanding to decrease.
Before a second point in time 252b (t(2)) the braking applicators 256 continue to be sequentially broken and the first section 244 becomes longer than its original length whereas the second section 248 becomes shorter than its original length. As the projectile portions 128 continue to pull on one another, additional braking applicators 256 are broken until either all braking applicators 256 are broken or the outward movement of section 128 has been fully arrested. In the event all breaking applicators 256 are broken and additional radial deceleration of the projectile portions 128 is needed a final stage of the tether/breaking system applies a braking force via the deformation brake 236.
As can be seen in
With reference now to
With reference now to
In some embodiments, the tether/braking system 132 utilizes a deformation brake 236 similar to the other tether/braking system 132 configurations discussed herein. Whether or not it is used in conjunction with a series of braking applicators 256, the tether/braking system 132 may comprise a series of sleeves (e.g., first sleeve 268, second sleeve 272, third sleeve 276, fourth sleeve 280, etc.) which contain the tether arms 240. In particular, the tether arms 240 may be folded over themselves and then wrapped in another sleeve. The sequential folding and wrapping of the tether arms 240 within each sleeve provides not only a way to compactly contain the tether/braking system 132 within the upper cavity 164 but also provides a way to minimize tangles and knots in tether/braking system 132 during assembly and deployment of the projectile assembly 124.
In some embodiments, the sleeves provide a third function of acting as braking applicators 256 as the projectile assembly 124 expands. More specifically, as the projectile portions 128 of the projectile assembly 124 begin to expand away from one another, the outer-most sleeve 280 may either slide off of the tether/braking system 132, become ripped by the tether arms 240, or apply some other resistive force to the expanding projectile portions 128. After the outer-most sleeve 280 has slid off or been completely torn, the next outer-most sleeve 276 may begin to slide off of the tether/braking system 132, become ripped by the tether arms 240, or apply some other resisitive force to the expanding projectile portions 128. Again, after that sleeve 276 has become separated from the tether/braking system 132, the next outer-most sleeve 272 will slide off, become ripped, or apply some other type of resistive force to the expanding projectile portions 128. Each sleeve applies a braking force to the projectile portions 128 as they expand away from the center of rotation 136 and the sequential application of forces by each sleeve is similar to the first set of braking forces applied to the projectile portions 128 by the braking applicators 256. This process continues until all sleeves have been discarded, ripped, etc. at which point other stages of braking forces (e.g., braking applicators 256 and/or deformation brake 236 are applied to the projectile portions 128 until the radial expansion of the projectile portions 128 is stopped allow the ever present centrifugal force to lock the portions 128 into a gyroscopically stable orbit.
As can be appreciated, the number of sleeves used to package the tether/braking system 132 may vary depending upon whether or not the tether arms 240 are normal or chain-stitched or looped back, depending upon the type of material used in constructing the tether/braking system 132 and tether arms 240, depending upon how many projectile portions 128 and arms 240 are included in the projectile assembly 124, and so forth.
With reference now to
The process, in one embodiment, begins with the construction of the projectile portions 128 for a cartridge 108 (step 2504). In some embodiments, the projectile portions 128 may be die-cast, forged, machined, or manufactured according to any known type of manufacturing process.
The process also includes a step of constructing the tether arms 240 (step 2508). As can be appreciated, the steps followed in the preparation of the tether arms 240 will depend upon the configuration of tether/braking system 132 being used. In particular, if a fully chain-stitched or partially chain-stitched tether arm 240 is being employed, then the material of the tether/braking system 132 may be chain stitched and cut to predetermined lengths.
The tether arms 240 are then connected together at the deformation brake 236 (step 2512) and then each tether arm 240 is threaded though a via 204 in a corresponding projectile portion (step 2516). The connection between the tether/braking system 132 and the projectile portions 128 are completed after the tether arms 240 have been threaded through the projectile portions 128 (step 2520). In some embodiments, the free end of the tether arm 240 is glued within the via 204, tied into a knot, wedged into place or caused to become larger than the via 204 in some manner.
Each projectile portion 128 of the projectile assembly 124 is then interlocked (step 2524) thereby creating the upper cavity 164 of the projectile assembly 124. The remainder of the tether/braking system 132 is then packed into the upper cavity 164 of the projectile assembly 124 (step 2528). In some embodiments, this step may involve winding the tether/braking system 132 into the upper cavity 164 or folding the tether arms 240 into a series of sleeves, which are subsequently inserted into the upper cavity 164. After the tether/braking system 132 is positioned within the upper cavity 164, the upper cavity 164 may be capped 168, thereby sealing the tether/braking system 132 within the projectile assembly 124 (step 2532).
In another part of the process, the casing 120 may be created (step 2540). The steps used to construct the casing 120 may be similar or identical to steps used to construct traditional rifling casings.
After the casing 120 has been constructed, the primer (step 2544) and gunpowder (step 2548) are inserted into the casing 120 in no particular order. The completed projectile assembly 124 is then inserted into the casing 120 to complete construction of the cartridge 108 (step 2536). In some embodiments, the complete cartridge 108 may be packaged with a plurality of other cartridges 108 into a box for shipping (step 2552), unless the cartridge 108 is to be distributed on a per-cartridge basis or distributed in some other manner.
As noted above, various materials and component designs may be varied to provide projectile assemblies 124 and cartridges 108 for specific purposes. In some embodiments, different configurations of cartridges 108 may be loaded in a magazine of a firearm 100 in an intelligent sequence. The intelligent sequence may utilize cartridges 108 of different configurations to achieve certain desired results. As an example, a sequence of cartridges 108 may be loaded where a first cartridge 108 fired corresponds to a stun-type configuration (e.g., a projectile assembly 124 with relatively light-weight projectile portions 128 and heavier tether/braking system 132 fired at a relative low velocity), a second cartridge 108 fired corresponds to a knock-down-type configuration (e.g., a projectile assembly with heavier projectile portions 128 and lighter tethers 132 fired at a higher velocity), and a third cartridge 108 fired corresponds to a lethal-type configuration (e.g., where the tether/braking system 132 is designed to break apart upon impact and the projectile portions 128 are of a substantially heavier configuration shot at a high velocity). Utilization of intelligent cartridge sequences enables a series of rounds to be fired in order to achieve certain tactical advantages or adapt a single firearm 100 to many different types of environments and use cases.
The foregoing description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Consequently, variations and modifications commenced here with the above teachings and the skill or knowledge of the relevant art are within the scope in the present invention. The embodiments described herein above are further extended to explain best modes known for practicing the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention in such, or other, embodiments or various modifications required by the particular applications or uses of present invention. It is intended that the dependent claims be construed to include all possible embodiments to the extent permitted by the prior art.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2010/055150 | 11/2/2010 | WO | 00 | 5/26/2011 |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39282 | Ganster | Jul 1863 | A |
| 1198035 | Huntington | Sep 1916 | A |
| 1536164 | Tainton | May 1925 | A |
| 2372383 | Lee | Mar 1945 | A |
| 3085510 | Campbell | Apr 1963 | A |
| 4664034 | Christian | May 1987 | A |
| 4726543 | Stessen | Feb 1988 | A |
| 5315932 | Bertram | May 1994 | A |
| 5698815 | Ragner | Dec 1997 | A |
| 6381894 | Murphy | May 2002 | B1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2874254 | Feb 2006 | FR |
| 2386673 | Sep 2003 | GB |
| WO 2006115854 | Nov 2006 | WO |
